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Crime Stats: compare key data on Brazil & Cuba

Definitions

  • Justice system > Punishment > Capital punishment (last execution year): Year of last use.
  • Murder rate: Homicide rate per year per 100,000 inhabitants in various countries.
  • Murders > WHO: Intentional homicide rate is the estimate of intentional homicides in a country as a result of domestic disputes that end in a killing, interpersonal violence, violent conflicts over land resources, inter-gang violence over turf or control, and predatory violence and killing by armed groups. The term, intentional homicide, is broad, but it does not include all intentional killing. In particular, deaths arising from armed conflict are usually considered separately. The difference is usually described by the organisation of the killing. Individuals or small groups usually commit homicide, whereas the killing in armed conflict is usually committed by more or less cohesive groups of up to several hundred members. Two main sources of data are presented: criminal justice (law enforcement) measures (this series), supplemented by data from national statistical agencies, and measures from public health sources (see other intentional homicide series). These various sources measure slightly different phenomena and are therefore unlikely to provide identical numbers."
  • Prisoners: Total persons incarcerated
  • Prisoners > Per capita: Data for 2003. Number of prisoners held per 100,000 population.
  • Punishment > Crimes possibly attracting life sentence: Possible other sentence.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Punishment > Maximum length of sentence: Maximum length of sentence (under life).

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Suicide rates > Suicide rate (both sexes): Suicides per 100’000 residents per year.
  • Violent crime > Gun crime > Guns per 100 residents: Number of privately owned small firearms per 100 residents.
  • Violent crime > Intentional homicide rate: Homicides per 100’000 residents. Homicide is the death of a person purposefully inflicted by another person (it excludes suicides) outside of a state of war. Homicide is a broader category than murder, as it also includes manslaughter. The exact legal definition varies across countries, some of which include infanticide, assisted suicide, euthanasia and deaths caused by dangerous driving.
  • Violent crime > Murder rate: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population.
  • Violent crime > Murder rate per million people: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
  • Violent crime > Murders: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population.
  • Violent crime > Murders per million people: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
  • Suicide rates > Suicide rate (males): Male.
  • Suicide rates > Suicide rate (females: Female.
  • Punishment > Minimum life sentence to serve before eligibility for requesting parole: Minimum to serve before eligibility for requesting parole.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Illicit drugs: Crime statistics are often better indicators of prevalence of law enforcement and willingness to report crime, than actual prevalence.
  • Prisoners per 1000: Total persons incarcerated. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Murders committed by youths: Homicide rates among youths aged 10–29 years by country or area: most recent year available (variable 1990–1999).
  • Punishment > Crimes requiring mandatory sentence: Mandatory sentence.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Punishment > Life sentence under the age of 18 or 21: Under age of 18 (or 21).

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Punishment > Has life imprisonment: Life imprisonment.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Murders committed by youths per million: Homicide rates among youths aged 10–29 years by country or area: most recent year available (variable 1990–1999). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Punishment > Has indefinite sentence: Indefinite sentence (excl. preventive or psychiatric detainment).

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Murders committed by youths per capita: Homicide rate per 100,000 population aged 10–29 years
  • Transnational Issues > Trafficking in persons > Current situation: Trafficking in persons is modern-day slavery, involving victims who are forced, defrauded, or coerced into labor or sexual exploitation. The International Labor Organization (ILO), the UN agency charged with addressing labor standards, employment, and social protection issues, estimates that 12.3 million people worldwide are enslaved in forced labor, bonded labor, forced child labor, sexual servitude, and involuntary servitude at any given time. Human trafficking is a multi-dimensional threat, depriving people of their human rights and freedoms, risking global health, promoting social breakdown, inhibiting development by depriving countries of their human capital, and helping fuel the growth of organized crime. In 2000, the US Congress passed the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA), reauthorized in 2003 and 2005, which provides tools for the US to combat trafficking in persons, both domestically and abroad. One of the law's key components is the creation of the US Department of State's annual Trafficking in Persons Report, which assesses the government response in some 150 countries with a significant number of victims trafficked across their borders who are recruited, harbored, transported, provided, or obtained for forced labor or sexual exploitation. Countries in the annual report are rated in three tiers, based on government efforts to combat trafficking. The countries identified in this entry are those listed in the 2006 Trafficking in Persons Report as Tier 2 Watch List or Tier 3 based on the following definitions:
    Tier 2 Watch List countries do not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but are making significant efforts to do so, and meet one of the following criteria:
    1. they display a high or significantly increasing number victims,
    2. they have failed to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat trafficking in persons, or,
    3. they have committed to take action over the next year.
    Tier 3 countries neither satisfy the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking nor demonstrate a significant effort to do so. Countries in this tier are subject to potential non-humanitarian and non-trade sanctions.
  • Transnational Issues > Trafficking in persons > Tier rating: Trafficking in persons is modern-day slavery, involving victims who are forced, defrauded, or coerced into labor or sexual exploitation. The International Labor Organization (ILO), the UN agency charged with addressing labor standards, employment, and social protection issues, estimates that 12.3 million people worldwide are enslaved in forced labor, bonded labor, forced child labor, sexual servitude, and involuntary servitude at any given time. Human trafficking is a multi-dimensional threat, depriving people of their human rights and freedoms, risking global health, promoting social breakdown, inhibiting development by depriving countries of their human capital, and helping fuel the growth of organized crime. In 2000, the US Congress passed the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA), reauthorized in 2003 and 2005, which provides tools for the US to combat trafficking in persons, both domestically and abroad. One of the law's key components is the creation of the US Department of State's annual Trafficking in Persons Report, which assesses the government response in some 150 countries with a significant number of victims trafficked across their borders who are recruited, harbored, transported, provided, or obtained for forced labor or sexual exploitation. Countries in the annual report are rated in three tiers, based on government efforts to combat trafficking. The countries identified in this entry are those listed in the 2006 Trafficking in Persons Report as Tier 2 Watch List or Tier 3 based on the following definitions:
    Tier 2 Watch List countries do not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but are making significant efforts to do so, and meet one of the following criteria:
    1. they display a high or significantly increasing number victims,
    2. they have failed to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat trafficking in persons, or,
    3. they have committed to take action over the next year.
    Tier 3 countries neither satisfy the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking nor demonstrate a significant effort to do so. Countries in this tier are subject to potential non-humanitarian and non-trade sanctions.
STAT Brazil Cuba HISTORY
Justice system > Punishment > Capital punishment (last execution year) 1,876
Ranked 30th.
2,003
Ranked 3rd. 7% more than Brazil
Murder rate 22 5.5
Murders > WHO 26.2
Ranked 16th. 4 times more than Cuba
6
Ranked 87th.
Prisoners 308,304 prisoners
Ranked 5th.
0.0
Ranked 162nd.
Prisoners > Per capita 169 per 100,000 people
Ranked 49th.
0.0
Ranked 159th.
Punishment > Crimes possibly attracting life sentence No life imprisonment sentence ??
Punishment > Maximum length of sentence 30 years None
Suicide rates > Suicide rate (both sexes) 4.8
Ranked 10th.
12.3
Ranked 3rd. 3 times more than Brazil
United States extradition treaties > Entered into force December 17, 1964<br>December 17, 1964 March 2, 1905<br>March 2, 1905<br>June 18, 1926
Violent crime > Gun crime > Guns per 100 residents 8
Ranked 72nd. 67% more than Cuba
4.8
Ranked 99th.
Violent crime > Intentional homicide rate 27
Ranked 12th. 6 times more than Cuba
4.6
Ranked 47th.

Violent crime > Murder rate 40,974
Ranked 1st. 73 times more than Cuba
563
Ranked 43th.

Violent crime > Murder rate per million people 209.9
Ranked 19th. 4 times more than Cuba
49.87
Ranked 48th.

Violent crime > Murders 40,974
Ranked 1st. 73 times more than Cuba
563
Ranked 43th.

Violent crime > Murders per million people 209.9
Ranked 19th. 4 times more than Cuba
49.87
Ranked 48th.

Suicide rates > Suicide rate (males) 7.7
Ranked 9th.
19
Ranked 1st. 2 times more than Brazil
Suicide rates > Suicide rate (females 2
Ranked 8th.
5.5
Ranked 2nd. 3 times more than Brazil
Punishment > Minimum life sentence to serve before eligibility for requesting parole Varies, depending on sentence Never; only under pardon by president
Illicit drugs second-largest consumer of cocaine in the world; illicit producer of cannabis; trace amounts of coca cultivation in the Amazon region, used for domestic consumption; government has a large-scale eradication program to control cannabis; important transshipment country for Bolivian, Colombian, and Peruvian cocaine headed for Europe; also used by traffickers as a way station for narcotics air transshipments between Peru and Colombia; upsurge in drug-related violence and weapons smuggling; important market for Colombian, Bolivian, and Peruvian cocaine; illicit narcotics proceeds earned in Brazil are often laundered through the financial system; significant illicit financial activity in the Tri-Border Area territorial waters and air space serve as transshipment zone for US- and European-bound drugs; established the death penalty for certain drug-related crimes in 1999
Prisoners per 1000 1.72 prisoners
Ranked 51st.
0.0
Ranked 160th.
Murders committed by youths 20,386
Ranked 1st. 59 times more than Cuba
348
Ranked 15th.
Background Violent crime is major area of concern for Brazil. The recent figures show that it has the highest number of <a href="http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/cri_mur_com_by_you-crime-murders-committed-by-youths">murders committed by youths</a>, at more than 20,000 committed between 1990 and 1999. Brazil also has the 5th highest rate of <a href="http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/cri_mur_com_by_you_per_cap-murders-committed-youths-per-capita">murders by youths per capita</a>, with 32.5 per 100,000 of the population. &nbsp;However, corruption is also a big problem, with almost 67% of business managers identifying <a href="http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/cri_cor_of_man_sur_ran_thi_as_a_maj_bus_con-surveyed-ranking-major-business-constraint">corruption as a constraint to business</a>. Though a relatively small nation, Cuba is prone to a high degree of violent crime, with figures published in 2002 showing that there were 348 <a href="http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/cri_mur_com_by_you-crime-murders-committed-by-youths">murders committed by youths</a>, placing the country 15th amongst 73 nations. In fact, the rate of <a href="http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/cri_mur_com_by_you_per_cap-murders-committed-youths-per-capita">murders by youths per capita</a>&nbsp;is the 16th highest on earth, at 9.6 per 100,000 of the population. It may surprise you to learn that the death penalty is still in use in Cuba, but sparingly so as just 5 <a href="http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/cri_exe-crime-executions">executions</a>&nbsp;took place in 2007.
Punishment > Crimes requiring mandatory sentence No life imprisonment sentence Murder, Drug trafficking
Punishment > Life sentence under the age of 18 or 21 ?? Yes
Punishment > Has life imprisonment No (except in wartime) Yes
Murders committed by youths per million 118.52
Ranked 4th. 4 times more than Cuba
31.35
Ranked 15th.
Punishment > Has indefinite sentence No No
Murders committed by youths per capita 32.5
Ranked 4th. 3 times more than Cuba
9.6
Ranked 16th.
Transnational Issues > Trafficking in persons > Current situation Brazil is a source and destination country for women and girls trafficked for sexual exploitation within Brazil and to destinations in South America, the Caribbean, Western Europe, Japan, the US, and the Middle East, and for men trafficked within the country for forced agricultural labor; child sex tourism is a problem within the country, particularly in the resort areas and coastal cities of Brazil's northeast; foreign victims from Bolivia, Peru, China, and Korea are trafficked to Brazil for labor exploitation in factories Cuba is principally a source country for women and children trafficked within the country for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation and possibly for forced labor; the country is a destination for sex tourism, including child sex tourism, which is a problem in many areas of the country; some Cuban nationals willingly migrate to the United States, but are subsequently exploited for forced labor by their smugglers; Cuba is also a transit point for the smuggling of migrants from China, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Lebanon, and other nations to the United States and Canada
United States extradition treaties > Date signed January 13, 1961<br>June 18, 1962 April 6, 1904<br>December 6, 1904<br>January 14, 1926
Transnational Issues > Trafficking in persons > Tier rating Tier 2 Watch List - Brazil has failed to show evidence of increasing efforts to fight trafficking, specifically for its failure to apply effective criminal penalties against traffickers who exploit forced labor Tier 3 - Cuba does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; exact information about trafficking in Cuba is difficult to obtain because the government does not acknowledge or condemn human trafficking as a problem in Cuba; tangible efforts to prosecute offenders, protect victims, or prevent human trafficking activity do not appear to have been made during 2007; Cuba has not ratified the 2000 UN TIP Protocol

SOURCES: Wikipedia: Capital punishment in Europe (Abolition); World Health Organisation.; The Eighth United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2002) (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Centre for International Crime Prevention); International Centre for Prison Studies - World Prison Brief; Wikipedia: Life imprisonment (Summary by country); Wikipedia: List of countries by suicide rate (Suicide rates per 100,000 by country, year and sex (Table) ); Wikipedia: List of United States extradition treaties; Annexe I of the Small Arms Survey 2007 ; Wikipedia: List of countries by intentional homicide rate by decade; United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Source tables; United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; The Eighth United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2002) (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Centre for International Crime Prevention). Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Health Organization: World report on violence and health, 2002; World Health Organization: World report on violence and health, 2002. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008

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