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Economy > Trade > Exports Stats: compare key data on European Union & India

Definitions

  • Computer > Communications and other services > % of commercial service > Exports: Computer, communications and other services (% of commercial service exports) include such activities as international telecommunications, and postal and courier services; computer data; news-related service transactions between residents and nonresidents; construction services; royalties and license fees; miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services; and personal, cultural, and recreational services."
  • Exports of goods and services > Constant 2000 US$ per capita: Exports of goods and services (constant 2000 US$). Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) and transfer payments. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Exports of goods, services and primary income > BoP, current US$: Exports of goods, services and primary income (BoP, current US$). Exports of goods, services and primary income is the sum of goods exports, service exports and primary income receipts. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
  • Goods: Goods imports refer to all movable goods (including nonmonetary gold) involved in a change of ownership from nonresidents to residents. The category includes goods previously included in services: goods received or sent for processing and their subsequent export or import in the form of processed goods, repairs on goods, and goods procured in ports by carriers. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
  • High-technology exports > Current US$: High-technology exports (current US$). High-technology exports are products with high R&D intensity, such as in aerospace, computers, pharmaceuticals, scientific instruments, and electrical machinery. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
  • Insurance and financial services > % of commercial service > Exports: Insurance and financial services cover freight insurance on goods exported and other direct insurance such as life insurance; financial intermediation services such as commissions, foreign exchange transactions, and brokerage services; and auxiliary services such as financial market operational and regulatory services."
  • Leading export market: Country or customs union which is the main recipient of exports.
  • License fees and royalties: Royalty and license fees are payments and receipts between residents and nonresidents for the authorized use of intangible, nonproduced, nonfinancial assets and proprietary rights (such as patents, copyrights, trademarks, industrial processes, and franchises) and for the use, through licensing agreements, of produced originals of prototypes (such as films and manuscripts). Data are in current U.S. dollars."
  • Merchandise > Exports > Current US$: Merchandise exports show the f.o.b. value of goods provided to the rest of the world valued in current U.S. dollars.
  • Merchandise > Exports by the reporting economy > Residual > % of total merchandise > Exports: Merchandise exports by the reporting economy residuals are the total merchandise exports by the reporting economy to the rest of the world as reported in the IMF's Direction of trade database, less the sum of exports by the reporting economy to high-, low-, and middle-income economies according to the World Bank classification of economies as of July 1, 2009. Includes trade with unspecified partners or with economies not covered by World Bank classification. Data are as a percentage of total merchandise exports by the economy."
  • Merchandise > Exports to high-income economies > % of total merchandise > Exports: Merchandise exports to high-income economies are the sum of merchandise exports from the reporting economy to high-income economies according to the World Bank classification of economies as of July 1, 2009. Data are expressed as a percentage of total merchandise exports by the economy. Data are computed only if at least half of the economies in the partner country group had non-missing data."
  • Merchandise exports > Current US$, % of GDP: Merchandise exports (current US$). Merchandise exports show the f.o.b. value of goods provided to the rest of the world valued in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
  • Ores and scrap metal > Exports > % of merchandise > Exports: Ores and metals comprise the commodities in SITC sections 27 (crude fertilizer, minerals nes); 28 (metalliferous ores, scrap); and 68 (non-ferrous metals)."
  • Per $ GDP: The total US dollar amount of exports on an f.o.b. (free on board) basis. Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1 $ gross domestic product.
  • Per capita: The total US dollar amount of exports on an f.o.b. (free on board) basis. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
  • Services: Services (previously nonfactor services) refer to economic output of intangible commodities that may be produced, transferred, and consumed at the same time. International transactions in services are defined by the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (1993), but definitions may nevertheless vary among reporting economies. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
  • Merchandise > Exports by the reporting economy > Current US$: Merchandise exports by the reporting economy are the total merchandise exports by the reporting economy to the rest of the world, as reported in the IMF's Direction of trade database. Data are in current US$."
  • Merchandise exports to developing economies in South Asia > % of total merchandise exports: Merchandise exports to developing economies in South Asia (% of total merchandise exports). Merchandise exports to developing economies in South Asia are the sum of merchandise exports from the reporting economy to developing economies in the South Asia region according to World Bank classification of economies. Data are as a percentage of total merchandise exports by the economy. Data are computed only if at least half of the economies in the partner country group had non-missing data.
  • Merchandise > Exports to third world economies in Middle East and North Africa > % of total merchandis: Merchandise exports to third world economies in Middle East and North Africa are the sum of merchandise exports from the reporting economy to third world economies in the Middle East and North Africa region according to World Bank classification of economies as of July 1, 2009. Data are as a percentage of total merchandise exports by the economy. Data are computed only if at least half of the economies in the partner country group had non-missing data."
  • Merchandise > Exports to third world economies in Sub-Saharan Africa > % of total merchandise > Exports: Merchandise exports to third world economies in Sub-Saharan Africa are the sum of merchandise exports from the reporting economy to third world economies in the Sub-Saharan Africa region according to World Bank classification of economies as of July 1, 2009. Data are as a percentage of total merchandise exports by the economy. Data are computed only if at least half of the economies in the partner country group had non-missing data."
  • Travel services > % of commercial service > Exports: Travel services (% of commercial service exports) covers goods and services acquired from an economy by travelers in that economy for their own use during visits of less than one year for business or personal purposes. Travel services include the goods and services consumed by travelers, such as lodging and meals and transport (within the economy visited)."
  • Commodities: A rank ordering of exported products starting with the most important; it sometimes includes the percent of total dollar value.
  • Merchandise trade > % of GDP: Merchandise trade (% of GDP). Merchandise trade as a share of GDP is the sum of merchandise exports and imports divided by the value of GDP, all in current U.S. dollars.
  • Merchandise > Exports to third world economies in South Asia > % of total merchandise > Exports: Merchandise exports to third world economies in South Asia are the sum of merchandise exports from the reporting economy to third world economies in the South Asia region according to World Bank classification of economies as of July 1, 2009. Data are as a percentage of total merchandise exports by the economy. Data are computed only if at least half of the economies in the partner country group had non-missing data."
  • Merchandise > Exports to third world economies outside region > % of total merchandise > Exports: Merchandise exports to third world economies outside region are the sum of merchandise exports from the reporting economy to other third world economies in other World Bank regions according to the World Bank classification of economies as of July 1, 2009. Data are expressed as a percentage of total merchandise exports by the economy. Data are computed only if at least half of the economies in the partner country group had non-missing data."
  • Exports of goods and services > Current US$ per capita: Exports of goods and services (current US$). Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) and transfer payments. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Exports of goods and services > Constant 2000 US$, % of GDP: Exports of goods and services (constant 2000 US$). Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) and transfer payments. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
  • Merchandise exports by the reporting economy > Current US$: Merchandise exports by the reporting economy (current US$). Merchandise exports by the reporting economy are the total merchandise exports by the reporting economy to the rest of the world, as reported in the IMF's Direction of trade database. Data are in current US$.
  • Time to export > Days: Time to export (days). Time is recorded in calendar days. The time calculation for a procedure starts from the moment it is initiated and runs until it is completed. If a procedure can be accelerated for an additional cost, the fastest legal procedure is chosen. It is assumed that neither the exporter nor the importer wastes time and that each commits to completing each remaining procedure without delay. Procedures that can be completed in parallel are measured as simultaneous. The waiting time between procedures--for example, during unloading of the cargo--is included in the measure.
  • Exports of goods and services > Constant 2000 US$: Exports of goods and services (constant 2000 US$). Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) and transfer payments. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars.
  • Merchandise exports > Current US$: Merchandise exports (current US$). Merchandise exports show the f.o.b. value of goods provided to the rest of the world valued in current U.S. dollars.
  • Exports of goods, services and primary income > BoP, current US$ per capita: Exports of goods, services and primary income (BoP, current US$). Exports of goods, services and primary income is the sum of goods exports, service exports and primary income receipts. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Time to export > Days per million: Time to export (days). Time is recorded in calendar days. The time calculation for a procedure starts from the moment it is initiated and runs until it is completed. If a procedure can be accelerated for an additional cost, the fastest legal procedure is chosen. It is assumed that neither the exporter nor the importer wastes time and that each commits to completing each remaining procedure without delay. Procedures that can be completed in parallel are measured as simultaneous. The waiting time between procedures--for example, during unloading of the cargo--is included in the measure. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Insurance and financial services > % of service > Exports: Insurance and financial services (% of service exports, BoP) cover various types of insurance provided to nonresidents by resident insurance enterprises and vice versa, and financial intermediary and auxiliary services (except those of insurance enterprises and pension funds) exchanged between residents and nonresidents. Service exports refer to economic output of intangible commodities that may be produced, transferred, and consumed at the same time. International transactions in services are defined by the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (1993), but definitions may nevertheless vary among reporting economies."
  • High-technology exports > Current US$ per capita: High-technology exports (current US$). High-technology exports are products with high R&D intensity, such as in aerospace, computers, pharmaceuticals, scientific instruments, and electrical machinery. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • High-technology exports > Current US$, % of GDP: High-technology exports (current US$). High-technology exports are products with high R&D intensity, such as in aerospace, computers, pharmaceuticals, scientific instruments, and electrical machinery. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
  • Manufactures > Exports > % of merchandise > Exports: Manufactures comprise commodities in SITC sections 5 (chemicals), 6 (basic manufactures), 7 (machinery and transport equipment), and 8 (miscellaneous manufactured goods), excluding division 68 (non-ferrous metals)."
  • Merchandise > Exports to third world economies within region > % of total merchandise > Exports: Merchandise exports to third world economies within region are the sum of merchandise exports from the reporting economy to other third world economies in the same World Bank region as a percentage of total merchandise exports by the economy. Data are computed only if at least half of the economies in the partner country group had non-missing data. No figures are shown for high-income economies, because they are a separate category in the World Bank classification of economies."
  • Computer, communications and other services > % of commercial service exports: Computer, communications and other services (% of commercial service exports). Computer, communications and other services (% of commercial service exports) include such activities as international telecommunications, and postal and courier services; computer data; news-related service transactions between residents and nonresidents; construction services; royalties and license fees; miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services; and personal, cultural, and recreational services.
  • Transport services > % of service exports, BoP: Transport services (% of service exports, BoP). Transport covers all transport services (sea, air, land, internal waterway, pipeline, space and electricity transmission) performed by residents of one economy for those of another and involving the carriage of passengers, the movement of goods (freight), rental of carriers with crew, and related support and auxiliary services. Also included are postal and courier services. Excluded are freight insurance (included in insurance services); goods procured in ports by nonresident carriers (included in goods); maintenance and repairs on transport equipment (included in maintenance and repair services n.i.e.); and repairs of railway facilities, harbors, and airfield facilities (included in construction).
  • Exports of goods and services > Current US$: Exports of goods and services (current US$). Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) and transfer payments. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
  • Commercial service exports > Current US$, % of GDP: Commercial service exports (current US$). Commercial service exports are total service exports minus exports of government services not included elsewhere. International transactions in services are defined by the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (1993) as the economic output of intangible commodities that may be produced, transferred, and consumed at the same time. Definitions may vary among reporting economies. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
  • Trade in services > % of GDP: Trade in services (% of GDP). Trade in services is the sum of service exports and imports divided by the value of GDP, all in current U.S. dollars.
  • Export procedure fees > US$ per container: Cost measures the fees levied on a 20-foot container in U.S. dollars. All the fees associated with completing the procedures to export or import the goods are included. These include costs for documents, administrative fees for customs clearance and technical control, customs broker fees, terminal handling charges and inland transport. The cost measure does not include tariffs or trade taxes. Only official costs are recorded. Several assumptions are made for the business surveyed: Has 60 or more employees; Is located in the country's most populous city; Is a private, limited liability company. It does not operate within an export processing zone or an industrial estate with special export or import privileges; Is domestically owned with no foreign ownership; Exports more than 10% of its sales. Assumptions about the traded goods: The traded product travels in a dry-cargo, 20-foot, full container load. The product: Is not hazardous nor does it include military items; Does not require refrigeration or any other special environment; Does not require any special phytosanitary or environmental safety standards other than accepted international standards."
  • Exports of goods and services > Current US$, % of GDP: Exports of goods and services (current US$). Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) and transfer payments. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
  • Exports of goods, services and primary income > BoP, current US$, % of GDP: Exports of goods, services and primary income (BoP, current US$). Exports of goods, services and primary income is the sum of goods exports, service exports and primary income receipts. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
  • Merchandise exports by the reporting economy > Current US$, % of GDP: Merchandise exports by the reporting economy (current US$). Merchandise exports by the reporting economy are the total merchandise exports by the reporting economy to the rest of the world, as reported in the IMF's Direction of trade database. Data are in current US$. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
STAT European Union India HISTORY
Computer > Communications and other services > % of commercial service > Exports 48.58%
Ranked 26th.
70.03%
Ranked 5th. 44% more than European Union

Exports of goods and services > Constant 2000 US$ per capita $12,663.95
Ranked 18th. 49 times more than India
$257.44
Ranked 92nd.

Exports of goods, services and primary income > BoP, current US$ $8.80 trillion
Ranked 1st. 19 times more than India
$453.74 billion
Ranked 18th.

Goods 4.43 trillion
Ranked 1st. 18 times more than India
247.04 billion
Ranked 13th.

High-technology exports > Current US$ $623.10 billion
Ranked 1st. 48 times more than India
$12.87 billion
Ranked 23th.

Insurance and financial services > % of commercial service > Exports 8.25%
Ranked 20th. 51% more than India
5.47%
Ranked 32nd.

Leading export market United States European Union
License fees and royalties 85.59 billion
Ranked 1st. 46 times more than India
1.86 billion
Ranked 18th.

Merchandise > Exports > Current US$ $4.59 trillion
Ranked 1st. 28 times more than India
$162.61 billion
Ranked 19th.

Merchandise > Exports by the reporting economy > Residual > % of total merchandise > Exports 0.91%
Ranked 106th.
2.76%
Ranked 73th. 3 times more than European Union

Merchandise > Exports to high-income economies > % of total merchandise > Exports 82.65%
Ranked 32nd. 27% more than India
65.29%
Ranked 84th.

Merchandise exports > Current US$, % of GDP 34.9%
Ranked 60th. 2 times more than India
15.92%
Ranked 128th.

Ores and scrap metal > Exports > % of merchandise > Exports 2.41%
Ranked 66th.
6.23%
Ranked 31st. 3 times more than European Union

Per $ GDP $0.12 per $1 of GDP
Ranked 20th.
$0.14 per $1 of GDP
Ranked 137th. 14% more than European Union

Per capita $3,980.21 per capita
Ranked 46th. 30 times more than India
$133.91 per capita
Ranked 129th.

Services 1.54 trillion
Ranked 1st. 17 times more than India
90.6 billion
Ranked 13th.

Merchandise > Exports by the reporting economy > Current US$ $4.60 trillion
Ranked 1st. 28 times more than India
$165.20 billion
Ranked 18th.

Merchandise exports to developing economies in South Asia > % of total merchandise exports 1.1%
Ranked 95th.
4.49%
Ranked 40th. 4 times more than European Union

Merchandise > Exports to third world economies in Middle East and North Africa > % of total merchandis 2.39%
Ranked 51st.
4.08%
Ranked 32nd. 71% more than European Union

Merchandise > Exports to third world economies in Sub-Saharan Africa > % of total merchandise > Exports 1.58%
Ranked 71st.
5.98%
Ranked 32nd. 4 times more than European Union

Travel services > % of commercial service > Exports 22.7%
Ranked 105th. 84% more than India
12.35%
Ranked 127th.

Commodities machinery, motor vehicles, aircraft, plastics, pharmaceuticals and other chemicals, fuels, iron and steel, nonferrous metals, wood pulp and paper products, textiles, meat, dairy products, fish, alcoholic beverages. petroleum products, precious stones, machinery, iron and steel, chemicals, vehicles, apparel
Merchandise trade > % of GDP 70.02%
Ranked 75th. 65% more than India
42.49%
Ranked 148th.

Merchandise > Exports to third world economies in South Asia > % of total merchandise > Exports 1.03%
Ranked 91st.
4.52%
Ranked 38th. 4 times more than European Union

Merchandise > Exports to third world economies outside region > % of total merchandise > Exports 16.11%
Ranked 70th.
27.43%
Ranked 32nd. 70% more than European Union

Exports of goods and services > Current US$ per capita $14,670.38
Ranked 19th. 41 times more than India
$354.86
Ranked 114th.

Exports of goods and services > Constant 2000 US$, % of GDP 38.76%
Ranked 27th. 2 times more than India
17.29%
Ranked 81st.

Merchandise exports by the reporting economy > Current US$ $5.87 trillion
Ranked 1st. 19 times more than India
$307.11 billion
Ranked 18th.

Time to export > Days 11.82
Ranked 146th.
16
Ranked 112th. 35% more than European Union

Exports of goods and services > Constant 2000 US$ $6.45 trillion
Ranked 1st. 20 times more than India
$318.37 billion
Ranked 17th.

Merchandise exports > Current US$ $5.80 trillion
Ranked 1st. 20 times more than India
$293.21 billion
Ranked 19th.

Exports of goods, services and primary income > BoP, current US$ per capita $17,288.23
Ranked 23th. 47 times more than India
$366.90
Ranked 130th.

Time to export > Days per million 0.0234
Ranked 185th. 81% more than India
0.0129
Ranked 188th.

Insurance and financial services > % of service > Exports 11.81%
Ranked 11th. 2 times more than India
5.44%
Ranked 29th.

High-technology exports > Current US$ per capita $1,227.13
Ranked 17th. 116 times more than India
$10.54
Ranked 69th.

High-technology exports > Current US$, % of GDP 3.53%
Ranked 21st. 5 times more than India
0.687%
Ranked 47th.

Manufactures > Exports > % of merchandise > Exports 76.28%
Ranked 25th. 14% more than India
66.82%
Ranked 42nd.

Merchandise > Exports to third world economies within region > % of total merchandise > Exports 0.33%
Ranked 113th.
4.52%
Ranked 99th. 14 times more than European Union

Computer, communications and other services > % of commercial service exports 48.94%
Ranked 18th.
67.94%
Ranked 6th. 39% more than European Union

Transport services > % of service exports, BoP 19.64%
Ranked 57th. 55% more than India
12.64%
Ranked 105th.

Exports of goods and services > Current US$ $7.47 trillion
Ranked 1st. 17 times more than India
$438.85 billion
Ranked 15th.

Commercial service exports > Current US$, % of GDP 10.79%
Ranked 33th. 48% more than India
7.3%
Ranked 86th.

Trade in services > % of GDP 20.01%
Ranked 67th. 34% more than India
14.94%
Ranked 91st.

Export procedure fees > US$ per container $1,038.81
Ranked 106th. 10% more than India
$945.00
Ranked 119th.

Exports of goods and services > Current US$, % of GDP 44.9%
Ranked 52nd. 88% more than India
23.83%
Ranked 114th.

Exports of goods, services and primary income > BoP, current US$, % of GDP 52.91%
Ranked 43th. 2 times more than India
24.64%
Ranked 116th.

Merchandise exports by the reporting economy > Current US$, % of GDP 33.23%
Ranked 66th. 2 times more than India
16.4%
Ranked 128th.

SOURCES: International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files.; World Bank national accounts data. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files. World Bank World Development Indicators.; United Nations, Comtrade database.; World Trade Organization Trade Profiles database, loaded 2010; World Trade Organisation.; World Bank staff estimates based data from International Monetary Fund's Direction of Trade database.; World Trade Organization. GDP figures sourced from World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; World Bank staff estimates from the Comtrade database maintained by the United Nations Statistics Division.; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; World Bank staff estimates; World Trade Organization, and World Bank GDP estimates.; World Bank national accounts data. GDP figures sourced from World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; World Bank, Doing Business project (http://www.doingbusiness.org/).; World Bank national accounts data; World Trade Organization.; International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files. World Bank World Development Indicators. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Bank, Doing Business project (http://www.doingbusiness.org/). Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations, Comtrade database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations, Comtrade database. GDP figures sourced from World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files. World Bank World Development Indicators. GDP figures sourced from World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files, and World Bank and OECD GDP estimates. World Bank World Development Indicators.; World Bank staff estimates. GDP figures sourced from World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.

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