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Education Stats: compare key data on European Union & United Kingdom

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Definitions

  • Primary education, duration > Years: Primary education, duration (years). Duration of primary is the number of grades (years) in primary education.
  • Primary education, pupils: Primary education, pupils. Enrolment in primary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in public and private primary education institutions.
  • Primary education, teachers: Primary education, teachers. Teaching staff in primary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
  • Primary education, teachers per 1000: Primary education, teachers. Teaching staff in primary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Pupil-teacher ratio, primary: Pupil-teacher ratio, primary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Primary is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers.
  • Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary: Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Secondary is the number of pupils enrolled in secondary school divided by the number of secondary school teachers.
  • Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary per million: Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Secondary is the number of pupils enrolled in secondary school divided by the number of secondary school teachers. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Secondary education, duration > Years: Secondary education, duration (years). Duration of secondary education is the number of grades (years) in secondary education (ISCED 2 & 3).
  • Secondary education, general pupils: Secondary education, general pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. General programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in general programmes at public and private secondary education institutions.
  • Secondary education, pupils: Secondary education, pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled at public and private secondary education institutions.
  • Secondary education, teachers: Secondary education, teachers. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
  • Secondary education, teachers per 1000: Secondary education, teachers. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Spending > Proportion: Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment. Expressed as a proportion of GNI."
  • Spending per student > College and university: Public expenditure per student is the public current spending on education divided by the total number of students by level, as a percentage of GDP per capita. Public expenditure (current and capital) includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities)."
  • Spending per student > High school: Public expenditure per student is the public current spending on education divided by the total number of students by level, as a percentage of GDP per capita. Public expenditure (current and capital) includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities)."
  • Spending per student > Elementary school: Public expenditure per student is the public current spending on education divided by the total number of students by level, as a percentage of GDP per capita. Public expenditure (current and capital) includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities)."
  • Primary education, pupils per 1000: Primary education, pupils. Enrolment in primary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in public and private primary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Secondary education, pupils per 1000: Secondary education, pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled at public and private secondary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Outcomes > Secondary education > Duration > Years: Secondary education, duration (years) is the number of grades (years) in secondary school."
  • Teacher student ratio > High school: Secondary school pupil-teacher ratio is the number of pupils enrolled in secondary school divided by the number of secondary school teachers (regardless of their teaching assignment).
  • Teacher student ratio > Elementary school: Primary school pupil-teacher ratio is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers (regardless of their teaching assignment).
  • Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$ per capita: Services, etc., value added (constant 2000 US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Secondary education, general pupils per 1000: Secondary education, general pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. General programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in general programmes at public and private secondary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Secondary education, vocational pupils: Secondary education, vocational pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. Technical/vocational programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in technical/vocational programmes at public and private secondary education institutions.
  • Participation > Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education: Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary and secondary levels in public and private schools.
  • Elementary school repeaters > All: Repeaters in primary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in primary school."
  • Outcomes > Primary education > Duration > Years: Primary duration refers to the number of years of full-time equivalent duration in primary education in the school system according to ISCED.
  • Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$: Services, etc., value added (constant 2000 US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars.
  • Elementary school repeaters > Female: Repeaters in primary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in primary school."
  • Elementary school repeaters > Male: Repeaters in primary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in primary school."
  • Elementary school teachers > % female: Female teachers as a percentage of total primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
  • Participation > Secondary education > Vocational pupils > % female: Secondary vocational pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in technical and vocational education programs, including teacher training."
  • Preschool enrollment rate > Female: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Preprimary education refers to the initial stage of organized instruction, designed primarily to introduce very young children to a school-type environment."
  • Preschool enrollment rate > Male: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Preprimary education refers to the initial stage of organized instruction, designed primarily to introduce very young children to a school-type environment."
  • Services, etc., value added > % of GDP: Services, etc., value added (% of GDP). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99 and they include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Note: For VAB countries, gross value added at factor cost is used as the denominator.
  • Unemployment with secondary education, male > % of male unemployment: Unemployment with secondary education, male (% of male unemployment). Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
  • Unemployment with primary education, male > % of male unemployment: Unemployment with primary education, male (% of male unemployment). Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
  • Labor force with tertiary education, male > % of male labor force: Labor force with tertiary education, male (% of male labor force). Labor force with tertiary education is the proportion of labor force that has a tertiary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
  • Unemployment with tertiary education, female > % of female unemployment: Unemployment with tertiary education, female (% of female unemployment). Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
  • Unemployment with tertiary education, male > % of male unemployment: Unemployment with tertiary education, male (% of male unemployment). Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
  • Participation > School enrollment > Secondary > Private > % of total secondary: Private enrollment refers to pupils or students enrolled in institutions that are not operated by a public authority but controlled and managed, whether for profit or not, by a private body such as a nongovernmental organisation, religious body, special interest group, foundation or business enterprise."
  • Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education > %: Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education (%). Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary and secondary levels in public and private schools.
  • School enrollment, preprimary, female > % gross: School enrollment, preprimary, female (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Pre-primary. Female is the total female enrollment in pre-primary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total female population of official pre-primary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
  • School enrollment, preprimary, male > % gross: School enrollment, preprimary, male (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Pre-primary. Male is the total male enrollment in pre-primary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total male population of official pre-primary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
  • Labor force with primary education, female > % of female labor force: Labor force with primary education, female (% of female labor force). Labor force with primary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a primary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
  • Labor force with tertiary education > % of total: Labor force with tertiary education (% of total). Labor force with tertiary education is the proportion of labor force that has a tertiary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
  • Services, etc., value added > Current US$ per capita: Services, etc., value added (current US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Services, etc., value added > Current US$, % of GDP: Services, etc., value added (current US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
  • Secondary education, vocational pupils per 1000: Secondary education, vocational pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. Technical/vocational programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in technical/vocational programmes at public and private secondary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Secondary education, teachers, female per 1000: Secondary education, teachers, female. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Female is the total number of female teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$, % of GDP: Services, etc., value added (constant 2000 US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
  • School enrollment, primary > % gross: School enrollment, primary (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Primary. Total is the total enrollment in primary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of official primary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
  • School enrollment, primary, male > % net: School enrollment, primary, male (% net). Net enrolment rate. Primary. Male is the ratio of male children of the official primary school age who are enrolled in primary school to the male population of the official primary school age.
  • Repeaters, primary, male > % of male enrollment: Repeaters, primary, male (% of male enrollment). Percentage of repeaters in primary. All grades. Male is the number of male students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all male students enrolled in primary school. It is calculated by dividing the sum of male repeaters in all grades of primary education by the total male enrolment of primary education and multiplying the result by 100.
STAT European Union United Kingdom HISTORY
Primary education, duration > Years 6
Ranked 70th. The same as United Kingdom
6
Ranked 90th.

Primary education, pupils 27.79 million
Ranked 4th. 6 times more than United Kingdom
4.42 million
Ranked 22nd.

Primary education, teachers 2.11 million
Ranked 3rd. 8 times more than United Kingdom
255,994
Ranked 14th.

Primary education, teachers per 1000 4.16
Ranked 78th. 2% more than United Kingdom
4.08
Ranked 80th.

Pupil-teacher ratio, primary 13.16
Ranked 104th.
17.27
Ranked 78th. 31% more than European Union

Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary 11.29
Ranked 73th.
14.27
Ranked 55th. 26% more than European Union

Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary per million 0.0222
Ranked 97th.
0.232
Ranked 94th. 10 times more than European Union

Secondary education, duration > Years 6.5
Ranked 84th.
7
Ranked 59th. 8% more than European Union

Secondary education, general pupils 31.24 million
Ranked 2nd. 7 times more than United Kingdom
4.55 million
Ranked 15th.

Secondary education, pupils 41.54 million
Ranked 3rd. 8 times more than United Kingdom
5 million
Ranked 15th.

Secondary education, teachers 3.68 million
Ranked 3rd. 10 times more than United Kingdom
375,385
Ranked 10th.

Secondary education, teachers per 1000 7.24
Ranked 34th. 18% more than United Kingdom
6.11
Ranked 59th.

Spending > Proportion 4.78
Ranked 56th.
5.06
Ranked 48th. 6% more than European Union

Spending per student > College and university 23.54
Ranked 33th.
24.79
Ranked 32nd. 5% more than European Union

Spending per student > High school 24.15
Ranked 20th.
28.64
Ranked 12th. 19% more than European Union

Spending per student > Elementary school 20.79
Ranked 21st.
23.42
Ranked 13th. 13% more than European Union

Primary education, pupils per 1000 54.72
Ranked 129th.
70.43
Ranked 107th. 29% more than European Union

Secondary education, pupils per 1000 81.81
Ranked 69th. 3% more than United Kingdom
79.68
Ranked 73th.

Outcomes > Secondary education > Duration > Years 7
Ranked 47th. The same as United Kingdom
7
Ranked 52nd.

Teacher student ratio > High school 11.86
Ranked 85th.
14.01
Ranked 66th. 18% more than European Union

Teacher student ratio > Elementary school 15.29
Ranked 97th.
18.27
Ranked 70th. 19% more than European Union

Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$ per capita $18,918.65
Ranked 19th.
$26,253.64
Ranked 8th. 39% more than European Union
Secondary education, general pupils per 1000 61.52
Ranked 90th.
72.5
Ranked 62nd. 18% more than European Union

Secondary education, vocational pupils 10.3 million
Ranked 2nd. 23 times more than United Kingdom
451,007
Ranked 18th.

Participation > Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education 100.64%
Ranked 40th.
101.28%
Ranked 33th. 1% more than European Union

Elementary school repeaters > All 0.91
Ranked 101st.
0.0
Ranked 121st.

Outcomes > Primary education > Duration > Years 6
Ranked 63th. The same as United Kingdom
6
Ranked 82nd.

Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$ $9.56 trillion
Ranked 2nd. 6 times more than United Kingdom
$1.58 trillion
Ranked 5th.
Elementary school repeaters > Female 0.75
Ranked 102nd.
0.0
Ranked 117th.

Elementary school repeaters > Male 1.06
Ranked 101st.
0.0
Ranked 118th.

Elementary school teachers > % female 82.86%
Ranked 44th. 2% more than United Kingdom
81.44%
Ranked 49th.

Participation > Secondary education > Vocational pupils > % female 44.01%
Ranked 40th.
48.44%
Ranked 25th. 10% more than European Union

Preschool enrollment rate > Female 100.95
Ranked 15th. 24% more than United Kingdom
81.29
Ranked 42nd.

Preschool enrollment rate > Male 101.37
Ranked 12th. 27% more than United Kingdom
79.8
Ranked 43th.

Services, etc., value added > % of GDP 72.83%
Ranked 27th.
77.97%
Ranked 14th. 7% more than European Union

Unemployment with secondary education, male > % of male unemployment 45.15%
Ranked 45th.
45.6%
Ranked 44th. 1% more than European Union

Unemployment with primary education, male > % of male unemployment 41.6%
Ranked 30th. 6% more than United Kingdom
39.4%
Ranked 33th.

Labor force with tertiary education, male > % of male labor force 26.78%
Ranked 18th.
36.2%
Ranked 4th. 35% more than European Union

Unemployment with tertiary education, female > % of female unemployment 16.14%
Ranked 59th.
16.2%
Ranked 58th. About the same as European Union

Unemployment with tertiary education, male > % of male unemployment 11.9%
Ranked 56th.
12.9%
Ranked 52nd. 8% more than European Union

Participation > School enrollment > Secondary > Private > % of total secondary 14.61%
Ranked 53th.
25.95%
Ranked 28th. 78% more than European Union

Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education > % 99.06%
Ranked 65th.
100.45%
Ranked 44th. 1% more than European Union

School enrollment, preprimary, female > % gross 97.16%
Ranked 28th. 13% more than United Kingdom
85.76%
Ranked 43th.

School enrollment, preprimary, male > % gross 97.6%
Ranked 26th. 15% more than United Kingdom
85.2%
Ranked 44th.

Labor force with primary education, female > % of female labor force 20.07%
Ranked 20th. 17% more than United Kingdom
17.1%
Ranked 27th.

Labor force with tertiary education > % of total 29.47%
Ranked 18th.
38.1%
Ranked 6th. 29% more than European Union

Services, etc., value added > Current US$ per capita $21,165.98
Ranked 19th.
$25,581.39
Ranked 17th. 21% more than European Union

Services, etc., value added > Current US$, % of GDP 66.07%
Ranked 22nd.
70.6%
Ranked 14th. 7% more than European Union

Secondary education, vocational pupils per 1000 20.29
Ranked 29th. 3 times more than United Kingdom
7.19
Ranked 65th.

Secondary education, teachers, female per 1000 4.52
Ranked 31st. 19% more than United Kingdom
3.81
Ranked 49th.

Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$, % of GDP 58.34%
Ranked 25th.
68.87%
Ranked 17th. 18% more than European Union
School enrollment, primary > % gross 103.92%
Ranked 73th.
106.88%
Ranked 50th. 3% more than European Union

School enrollment, primary, male > % net 97.72%
Ranked 19th.
99.69%
Ranked 2nd. 2% more than European Union

Repeaters, primary, male > % of male enrollment 0.869%
Ranked 86th.
0.0
Ranked 126th.

SOURCES: UNESCO Institute for Statistics; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Bank staff estimates using data from the United Nations Statistics Division's Statistical Yearbook, and the UNESCO Institute for Statistics online database.; United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.; World Bank national accounts data. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Bank national accounts data; International Labour Organization, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database.; United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.; World Bank national accounts data. GDP figures sourced from World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.

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