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Economy > Innovation Stats: compare key data on Japan & United States

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Definitions

  • Commitment to Development Index (technology): The technology component of the Commitment to Development Index analyzes policies of rich countries that support creation and dissemination of new technologies which can profoundly shape life in developing countries. A deduction in ranking is given to countries whose patent laws arguably go too far in advancing the interests of those who produce innovations at the expense of those who use them.
  • Military expenditure > % of GDP: Military expenditure (% of GDP). Military expenditures data from SIPRI are derived from the NATO definition, which includes all current and capital expenditures on the armed forces, including peacekeeping forces; defense ministries and other government agencies engaged in defense projects; paramilitary forces, if these are judged to be trained and equipped for military operations; and military space activities. Such expenditures include military and civil personnel, including retirement pensions of military personnel and social services for personnel; operation and maintenance; procurement; military research and development; and military aid (in the military expenditures of the donor country). Excluded are civil defense and current expenditures for previous military activities, such as for veterans' benefits, demobilization, conversion, and destruction of weapons. This definition cannot be applied for all countries, however, since that would require much more detailed information than is available about what is included in military budgets and off-budget military expenditure items. (For example, military budgets might or might not cover civil defense, reserves and auxiliary forces, police and paramilitary forces, dual-purpose forces such as military and civilian police, military grants in kind, pensions for military personnel, and social security contributions paid by one part of government to another.)
  • Military expenditure > Current LCU: Military expenditure (current LCU). Military expenditures data from SIPRI are derived from the NATO definition, which includes all current and capital expenditures on the armed forces, including peacekeeping forces; defense ministries and other government agencies engaged in defense projects; paramilitary forces, if these are judged to be trained and equipped for military operations; and military space activities. Such expenditures include military and civil personnel, including retirement pensions of military personnel and social services for personnel; operation and maintenance; procurement; military research and development; and military aid (in the military expenditures of the donor country). Excluded are civil defense and current expenditures for previous military activities, such as for veterans' benefits, demobilization, conversion, and destruction of weapons. This definition cannot be applied for all countries, however, since that would require much more detailed information than is available about what is included in military budgets and off-budget military expenditure items. (For example, military budgets might or might not cover civil defense, reserves and auxiliary forces, police and paramilitary forces, dual-purpose forces such as military and civilian police, military grants in kind, pensions for military personnel, and social security contributions paid by one part of government to another.)
  • Military expenditure > Current LCU per capita: Military expenditure (current LCU). Military expenditures data from SIPRI are derived from the NATO definition, which includes all current and capital expenditures on the armed forces, including peacekeeping forces; defense ministries and other government agencies engaged in defense projects; paramilitary forces, if these are judged to be trained and equipped for military operations; and military space activities. Such expenditures include military and civil personnel, including retirement pensions of military personnel and social services for personnel; operation and maintenance; procurement; military research and development; and military aid (in the military expenditures of the donor country). Excluded are civil defense and current expenditures for previous military activities, such as for veterans' benefits, demobilization, conversion, and destruction of weapons. This definition cannot be applied for all countries, however, since that would require much more detailed information than is available about what is included in military budgets and off-budget military expenditure items. (For example, military budgets might or might not cover civil defense, reserves and auxiliary forces, police and paramilitary forces, dual-purpose forces such as military and civilian police, military grants in kind, pensions for military personnel, and social security contributions paid by one part of government to another.). Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Nobel laureates: Nobel laureates.
  • Patent applications, nonresidents: Patent applications, nonresidents. Patent applications are worldwide patent applications filed through the Patent Cooperation Treaty procedure or with a national patent office for exclusive rights for an invention--a product or process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem. A patent provides protection for the invention to the owner of the patent for a limited period, generally 20 years.
  • Patent applications, nonresidents per million: Patent applications, nonresidents. Patent applications are worldwide patent applications filed through the Patent Cooperation Treaty procedure or with a national patent office for exclusive rights for an invention--a product or process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem. A patent provides protection for the invention to the owner of the patent for a limited period, generally 20 years. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Patent applications, residents: Patent applications, residents. Patent applications are worldwide patent applications filed through the Patent Cooperation Treaty procedure or with a national patent office for exclusive rights for an invention--a product or process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem. A patent provides protection for the invention to the owner of the patent for a limited period, generally 20 years.
  • Patent applications, residents per million: Patent applications, residents. Patent applications are worldwide patent applications filed through the Patent Cooperation Treaty procedure or with a national patent office for exclusive rights for an invention--a product or process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem. A patent provides protection for the invention to the owner of the patent for a limited period, generally 20 years. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Research and development personnel > By sector > Business enterprise sector (full time employment) per thousand people: Number of full-time employed researchers in private for-profit enterprises. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
  • Research and development personnel > By sector > Government sector (full time employment): Number of full-time employed researchers in the government sector.
  • Research and development personnel > By sector > Government sector (full time employment) per million people: Number of full-time employed researchers in the government sector. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
  • Research and development personnel > By sector > Higher education sector (full time employment) per million people: Number of full-time employed researchers hired by post-secondary institutions such as universities and colleges. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
  • Scientific and technical journal articles: Scientific and technical journal articles. Scientific and technical journal articles refer to the number of scientific and engineering articles published in the following fields: physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, clinical medicine, biomedical research, engineering and technology, and earth and space sciences.
  • Scientific and technical journal articles per million: Scientific and technical journal articles. Scientific and technical journal articles refer to the number of scientific and engineering articles published in the following fields: physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, clinical medicine, biomedical research, engineering and technology, and earth and space sciences. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Research and development personnel > By sector > Private non-profit sector (full time employment) per million people: Number of full-time employed researchers in the private non-profit sector. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
  • Research and development personnel > By sector > Business enterprise sector (full time employment): Number of full-time employed researchers in private for-profit enterprises.
  • Research and development personnel > By sector > Private non-profit sector (full time employment): Number of full-time employed researchers in the private non-profit sector.
  • Research and development personnel > By sector > Higher education sector (full time employment): Number of full-time employed researchers hired by post-secondary institutions such as universities and colleges.
STAT Japan United States HISTORY
Commitment to Development Index (technology) 6.1
Ranked 5th. 24% more than United States
4.9
Ranked 15th.
Military expenditure > % of GDP 0.994%
Ranked 103th.
4.2%
Ranked 9th. 4 times more than Japan

Military expenditure > Current LCU 4.73 trillion
Ranked 7th. 7 times more than United States
682.48 billion
Ranked 19th.

Military expenditure > Current LCU per capita 37,072.32
Ranked 15th. 17 times more than United States
2,174.09
Ranked 54th.

Nobel laureates 19
Ranked 13th.
346
Ranked 2nd. 18 times more than Japan
Patent applications, nonresidents 55,030
Ranked 3rd.
255,832
Ranked 1st. 5 times more than Japan

Patent applications, nonresidents per million 430.54
Ranked 9th.
821.06
Ranked 7th. 91% more than Japan

Patent applications, residents 287,580
Ranked 2nd. 16% more than United States
247,750
Ranked 3rd.

Patent applications, residents per million 2,249.93
Ranked 2nd. 3 times more than United States
795.12
Ranked 3rd.

Research and development personnel > By sector > Business enterprise sector (full time employment) per thousand people 3.85
Ranked 4th. 3% more than United States
3.75
Ranked 3rd.

Research and development personnel > By sector > Government sector (full time employment) 32,422
Ranked 4th.
47,822
Ranked 3rd. 47% more than Japan

Research and development personnel > By sector > Government sector (full time employment) per million people 254.39
Ranked 27th. 53% more than United States
166.26
Ranked 31st.

Research and development personnel > By sector > Higher education sector (full time employment) per million people 982.84
Ranked 28th. 47% more than United States
666.75
Ranked 22nd.

Scientific and technical journal articles 49,627
Ranked 4th.
208,600.8
Ranked 2nd. 4 times more than Japan

Scientific and technical journal articles per million 389.05
Ranked 28th.
679.99
Ranked 14th. 75% more than Japan

Research and development personnel > By sector > Private non-profit sector (full time employment) per million people 61.27
Ranked 6th. 45% more than United States
42.29
Ranked 7th.

Research and development personnel > By sector > Business enterprise sector (full time employment) 490,538
Ranked 2nd.
1.13 million
Ranked 1st. 2 times more than Japan

Research and development personnel > By sector > Private non-profit sector (full time employment) 7,809
Ranked 1st.
11,800
Ranked 2nd. 51% more than Japan

Research and development personnel > By sector > Higher education sector (full time employment) 125,263
Ranked 3rd.
186,049
Ranked 1st. 49% more than Japan

SOURCES: Wikipedia: Commitment to Development Index (Commitment to Development Index) (http://www.cgdev.org/doc/CDI%202012/CDI%20Postcard_2012.pdf); Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), Yearbook: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security.; Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), Yearbook: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Wikipedia: List of countries by Nobel laureates per capita (All prizes) ("Which country has the best brains?" . BBC News . 2010-10-10 . Retrieved 2010-10-10 .); World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), World Intellectual Property Indicators and www.wipo.int/econ_stat. The International Bureau of WIPO assumes no responsibility with respect to the transformation of these data.; World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), World Intellectual Property Indicators and www.wipo.int/econ_stat. The International Bureau of WIPO assumes no responsibility with respect to the transformation of these data. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; National Science Foundation, Science and Engineering Indicators.; National Science Foundation, Science and Engineering Indicators. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables

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