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Environment Stats: compare key data on Mongolia & The Bahamas

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Definitions

  • Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$: Adjusted net national income (constant 2000 US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion.
  • Biodiversity > Bird species, threatened: Bird species, threatened. Birds are listed for countries included within their breeding or wintering ranges. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known.
  • Biodiversity > Mammal species, threatened: Mammal species, threatened. Mammal species are mammals excluding whales and porpoises. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known.
  • CO2 Emissions per 1000: CO2: Total Emissions (excluding land-use) Units: thousand metric tonnes of carbon dioxide. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • CO2 emissions > Kt: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
  • CO2 emissions > Kt per 1000: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions > Metric tons per capita: CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita). Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
  • Current issues: This entry lists the most pressing and important environmental problems. The following terms and abbreviations are used throughout the entry:
  • Emissions > CO2 emissions > Metric tons per capita: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring."
  • Endangered species > Bird species: Birds are listed for countries included within their breeding or wintering ranges. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known."
  • Endangered species > Mammal species > Number: Mammal species are mammals excluding whales and porpoises. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known."
  • Forest area > Sq. km > Per capita: Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • National parks > Number of parks: Number of parks.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Proportion of land area under protection: Terrestrial areas protected to total surface area, percentage.
  • Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Urban and rural: Proportion of the population using improved drinking water sources, total.
  • Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$ per capita: Adjusted net national income (constant 2000 US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Biodiversity > Fish species, threatened: Fish species, threatened. Fish species are based on Froese, R. and Pauly, D. (eds). 2008. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kt: CO2 emissions (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
  • CO2 emissions > Kt > Per capita: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Endangered species > Fish species > Number: Fish species are based on Froese, R. and Pauly, D. (eds). 2008. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known."
  • Pollution > Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day: Organic water pollutant (BOD) emissions (kg per day). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Endangered species > Higher plant species > Number: Higher plants are native vascular plant species. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known."
  • Pollution > Ozone depleting substance consumption: Consumption of all Ozone-Depleting Substances in ODP metric tons.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kt per 1000: CO2 emissions (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Forest area > Sq. km: Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 US$ of GDP: CO2 emissions (kg per 2000 US$ of GDP). Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
  • Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Urban and rural: Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities, total.
  • Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kt: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring."
  • Pollution > Ozone depleting substance consumption per million people: Consumption of all Ozone-Depleting Substances in ODP metric tons. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
  • Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Rural: Proportion of the population using improved drinking water sources, rural.
  • Biodiversity > Plant species > Higher, threatened: Plant species (higher), threatened. Higher plants are native vascular plant species. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known.
  • Threatened species: Number of Threatened Species (1990-99)
  • Adjusted net national income > Current US$ per capita: Adjusted net national income (current US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Biodiversity > Number: GEF benefits index for biodiversity is a composite index of relative biodiversity potential for each country based on the species represented in each country, their threat status, and the diversity of habitat types in each country. The index has been normalized so that values run from 0 (no biodiversity potential) to 100 (maximum biodiversity potential)."
  • Adjusted net national income > Current US$: Adjusted net national income (current US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion.
  • Biodiversity > GEF benefits index for biodiversity > 0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum: GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum). GEF benefits index for biodiversity is a composite index of relative biodiversity potential for each country based on the species represented in each country, their threat status, and the diversity of habitat types in each country. The index has been normalized so that values run from 0 (no biodiversity potential) to 100 (maximum biodiversity potential).
  • Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 US$ of GDP: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring."
  • Freshwater > Renewable internal freshwater resources > Total > Billion cubic meters: Renewable internal freshwater resources flows refer to internal renewable resources (internal river flows and groundwater from rainfall) in the country.
  • Freshwater > Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita > Cubic meters: Renewable internal freshwater resources flows refer to internal renewable resources (internal river flows and groundwater from rainfall) in the country. Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita are calculated using the World Bank's population estimates.
  • Biodiversity and protected areas > Terrestrial protected areas > Number: Terrestrial protected areas are those officially documented by national authorities.
  • CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 PPP $ of GDP: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
  • Proportion of land and marine area under protection: Terrestrial and marine areas protected to total territorial area, percentage.
  • Biodiversity > GEF benefits index for biodiversity > 0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum per million: GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum). GEF benefits index for biodiversity is a composite index of relative biodiversity potential for each country based on the species represented in each country, their threat status, and the diversity of habitat types in each country. The index has been normalized so that values run from 0 (no biodiversity potential) to 100 (maximum biodiversity potential). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Urban: Proportion of the population using improved drinking water sources, urban.
  • Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Rural: Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities, rural.
  • Forest area > Sq. km per 1000: Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Pollution > Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day per worker: Organic water pollutant (BOD) emissions (kg per day per worker). Emissions per worker are total emissions of organic water pollutants divided by the number of industrial workers. Organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Pollution > Carbon dioxide 1999: 1999 total CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel burning, cement production, and gas flaring. Emissions are expressed in thousand metric tons of carbon (not CO2).
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > Kt: CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of natural gas as an energy source.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > Kt: CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from solid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of coal as an energy source.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > Kt per 1000: CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of natural gas as an energy source. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > Kt per 1000: CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of petroleum-derived fuels as an energy source. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > Kt per 1000: CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from solid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of coal as an energy source. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Biodiversity and protected areas > Marine protected areas > Number: Marine protected areas are areas of intertidal or subtidal terrain--and overlying water and associated flora and fauna and historical and cultural features--that have been reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclosed environment.
  • Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Urban: Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities, urban.
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Consumption of fixed capital > Current US$: Consumption of fixed capital represents the replacement value of capital used up in the process of production.
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Including particulate emission damage > Current US$: Adjusted net savings are equal to net national savings plus education expenditure and minus energy depletion, mineral depletion, net forest depletion, and carbon dioxide and particulate emissions damage."
  • Pollution > Carbon dioxide 1999 per 1000: 1999 total CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel burning, cement production, and gas flaring. Emissions are expressed in thousand metric tons of carbon (not CO2). Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Emissions > PM10 > Country level > Micrograms per cubic meter: Particulate matter concentrations refer to fine suspended particulates less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10) that are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing significant health damage. Data for countries and aggregates for regions and income groups are urban-population weighted PM10 levels in residential areas of cities with more than 100,000 residents. The estimates represent the average annual exposure level of the average urban resident to outdoor particulate matter. The state of a country's technology and pollution controls is an important determinant of particulate matter concentrations."
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net forest depletion > Current US$: Net forest depletion is calculated as the product of unit resource rents and the excess of roundwood harvest over natural growth.
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Gross savings > % of GNI: Gross savings are the difference between gross national income and public and private consumption, plus net current transfers."
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Mineral depletion > % of GNI: Mineral depletion is equal to the product of unit resource rents and the physical quantities of minerals extracted. It refers to bauxite, copper, iron, lead, nickel, phosphate, tin, zinc, gold, and silver."
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Excluding particulate emission damage > Current US$: Adjusted net savings are equal to net national savings plus education expenditure and minus energy depletion, mineral depletion, net forest depletion, and carbon dioxide. This series excludes particulate emissions damage."
  • Water pollution > Clay and glass industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: stone, ceramics, and glass (36). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Water > Drinking water > Population with improved sanitation > Rural: Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities, rural.
  • Forest area > % of land area: Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > Kt: CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of petroleum-derived fuels as an energy source.
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Excluding particulate emission damage > % of GNI: Adjusted net savings are equal to net national savings plus education expenditure and minus energy depletion, mineral depletion, net forest depletion, and carbon dioxide. This series excludes particulate emissions damage."
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Energy depletion > Current US$: Energy depletion is equal to the product of unit resource rents and the physical quantities of energy extracted. It covers crude oil, natural gas, and coal."
  • PM10 > Country level > Micrograms per cubic meter: Particulate matter concentrations refer to fine suspended particulates less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10) that are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing significant health damage. Data for countries and aggregates for regions and income groups are urban-population weighted PM10 levels in residential areas of cities with more than 100,000 residents. The estimates represent the average annual exposure level of the average urban resident to outdoor particulate matter. The state of a countryÂ’s technology and pollution controls is an important determinant of particulate matter concentrations.
  • Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day per worker: Emissions per worker are total emissions of organic water pollutants divided by the number of industrial workers. Organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Energy depletion > % of GNI: Energy depletion is equal to the product of unit resource rents and the physical quantities of energy extracted. It covers crude oil, natural gas, and coal."
  • Pollution > Water pollution, metal industry > % of total BOD emissions: Water pollution, metal industry (% of total BOD emissions). Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: primary metals (ISIC division 37). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Including particulate emission damage > % of GNI: Adjusted net savings are equal to net national savings plus education expenditure and minus energy depletion, mineral depletion, net forest depletion, and carbon dioxide and particulate emissions damage."
  • Pollution > Water pollution, wood industry > % of total BOD emissions: Water pollution, wood industry (% of total BOD emissions). Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: wood (33). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > % of total: CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption (% of total). Carbon dioxide emissions from solid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of coal as an energy source.
  • Pollution > Water pollution, textile industry > % of total BOD emissions: Water pollution, textile industry (% of total BOD emissions). Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: textiles (32). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Water pollution > Food industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: food and beverages (31). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Pollution > Water pollution, food industry > % of total BOD emissions: Water pollution, food industry (% of total BOD emissions). Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: food and beverages (31). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Pollution > Water pollution, other industry > % of total BOD emissions: Water pollution, other industry (% of total BOD emissions). Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: other (38 and 39). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Pollution > Water pollution, paper and pulp industry > % of total BOD emissions: Water pollution, paper and pulp industry (% of total BOD emissions). Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: paper and pulp (34). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > % of total: CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption (% of total). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of natural gas as an energy source.
  • Water pollution > Wood industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: wood (33). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Water pollution > Other industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: other (38 and 39). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > % of total: CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption (% of total). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of petroleum-derived fuels as an energy source.
  • Pollution > Water pollution, clay and glass industry > % of total BOD emissions: Water pollution, clay and glass industry (% of total BOD emissions). Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: stone, ceramics, and glass (36). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net national savings > % of GNI: Net national savings are equal to gross national savings less the value of consumption of fixed capital.
  • Total natural resources rents > % of GDP: Total natural resources rents (% of GDP). Total natural resources rents are the sum of oil rents, natural gas rents, coal rents (hard and soft), mineral rents, and forest rents.
  • Water pollution > Chemical industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: chemicals (35). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net national savings > Current US$: Net national savings are equal to gross national savings less the value of consumption of fixed capital.
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > Current US$: Particulate emissions damage is calculated as the willingness to pay to avoid mortality attributable to particulate emissions.
  • International agreements > Signed but not ratified: The various international environmental agreements which a country has signed but not ratified. Agreements are listed in alphabetical order by the abbreviated form of the full name.
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > % of GNI: Particulate emissions damage is calculated as the willingness to pay to avoid mortality attributable to particulate emissions.
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Mineral depletion > Current US$: Mineral depletion is equal to the product of unit resource rents and the physical quantities of minerals extracted. It refers to bauxite, copper, iron, lead, nickel, phosphate, tin, zinc, gold, and silver."
  • Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$, % of GDP: Adjusted net national income (constant 2000 US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Carbon dioxide damage > % of GNI: Carbon dioxide damage is estimated to be $20 per ton of carbon (the unit damage in 1995 U.S. dollars) times the number of tons of carbon emitted.
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Consumption of fixed capital > % of GNI: Consumption of fixed capital represents the replacement value of capital used up in the process of production.
  • Adjusted net national income > Current US$, % of GDP: Adjusted net national income (current US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
  • Pollution > Water pollution, chemical industry > % of total BOD emissions: Water pollution, chemical industry (% of total BOD emissions). Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: chemicals (35). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > % of GNI: Particulate emissions damage is calculated as the willingness to pay to avoid mortality attributable to particulate emissions.
  • Water pollution > Paper and pulp industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: paper and pulp (34). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Marine protected areas > % of territorial waters: Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters). Marine protected areas are areas of intertidal or subtidal terrain--and overlying water and associated flora and fauna and historical and cultural features--that have been reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclosed environment.
  • Adjusted savings > Carbon dioxide damage > % of GNI: Carbon dioxide damage is estimated to be $20 per ton of carbon (the unit damage in 1995 U.S. dollars) times the number of tons of carbon emitted.
  • Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change sign date: Signature.
  • Water pollution > Textile industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: textiles (32). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • CO2 Emissions: CO2: Total Emissions (excluding land-use) Units: thousand metric tonnes of carbon dioxide
  • Biodiversity and protected areas > Marine protected areas > % of total surface area: Marine protected areas are areas of intertidal or subtidal terrain--and overlying water and associated flora and fauna and historical and cultural features--that have been reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclosed environment.
  • Biodiversity and protected areas > Terrestrial protected areas > % of total surface area: Terrestrial protected areas are those officially documented by national authorities.
  • Water pollution > Metal industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: primary metals (ISIC division 37). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net forest depletion > % of GNI: Net forest depletion is calculated as the product of unit resource rents and the excess of roundwood harvest over natural growth.
  • Adjusted net national income > Annual % growth: Adjusted net national income (annual % growth). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion.
STAT Mongolia The Bahamas HISTORY
Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$ $2.32 billion
Ranked 72nd.
$5.62 billion
Ranked 73th. 2 times more than Mongolia

Biodiversity > Bird species, threatened 20
Ranked 50th. 3 times more than The Bahamas
6
Ranked 157th.
Biodiversity > Mammal species, threatened 11
Ranked 81st. 83% more than The Bahamas
6
Ranked 133th.
CO2 Emissions per 1000 2.95
Ranked 73th.
5.47
Ranked 49th. 85% more than Mongolia
CO2 emissions > Kt 7,970.69 kt
Ranked 96th. 4 times more than The Bahamas
1,868.13 kt
Ranked 138th.

CO2 emissions > Kt per 1000 3.23 kt
Ranked 85th.
5.92 kt
Ranked 55th. 83% more than Mongolia

Climate change > CO2 emissions > Metric tons per capita 4.24
Ranked 80th.
6.84
Ranked 50th. 61% more than Mongolia

Current issues limited natural fresh water resources in some areas; the policies of former Communist regimes promoted rapid urbanization and industrial growth that had negative effects on the environment; the burning of soft coal in power plants and the lack of enforcement of environmental laws severely polluted the air in Ulaanbaatar; deforestation, overgrazing, and the converting of virgin land to agricultural production increased soil erosion from wind and rain; desertification and mining activities had a deleterious effect on the environment coral reef decay; solid waste disposal
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Metric tons per capita 4.05
Ranked 82nd.
6.44
Ranked 59th. 59% more than Mongolia

Endangered species > Bird species 21
Ranked 42nd. 4 times more than The Bahamas
5
Ranked 141st.

Endangered species > Mammal species > Number 11
Ranked 77th. 57% more than The Bahamas
7
Ranked 112th.
Forest area > Sq. km > Per capita 40.14 km² per 1,000 people
Ranked 16th. 3 times more than The Bahamas
15.94 km² per 1,000 people
Ranked 35th.

National parks > Number of parks 24
Ranked 13th.
27
Ranked 5th. 13% more than Mongolia
Proportion of land area under protection 13.78%
Ranked 112th. 1% more than The Bahamas
13.66%
Ranked 113th.

Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Urban and rural 85.26
Ranked 140th.
96
Ranked 94th. 13% more than Mongolia

Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$ per capita $843.53
Ranked 57th.
$15,578.48
Ranked 8th. 18 times more than Mongolia

Biodiversity > Fish species, threatened 2
Ranked 197th.
30
Ranked 71st. 15 times more than Mongolia
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kt 11,510.71
Ranked 92nd. 5 times more than The Bahamas
2,464.22
Ranked 137th.

CO2 emissions > Kt > Per capita 3.21 kt per 1,000 people
Ranked 89th.
5.94 kt per 1,000 people
Ranked 59th. 85% more than Mongolia

Endangered species > Fish species > Number 1
Ranked 186th.
20
Ranked 62nd. 20 times more than Mongolia
Pollution > Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day 8,779.29
Ranked 27th. 10 times more than The Bahamas
884.86
Ranked 75th.

Endangered species > Higher plant species > Number 0.0
Ranked 171st.
5
Ranked 104th.

Pollution > Ozone depleting substance consumption 1.16
Ranked 128th.
3.05
Ranked 112th. 3 times more than Mongolia

Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kt per 1000 4.24
Ranked 80th.
6.84
Ranked 50th. 61% more than Mongolia

Forest area > Sq. km 102,520 km²
Ranked 52nd. 20 times more than The Bahamas
5,150 km²
Ranked 132nd.

Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 US$ of GDP $3.33
Ranked 4th. 10 times more than The Bahamas
$0.33
Ranked 136th.

Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Urban and rural 53
Ranked 142nd.
87.96
Ranked 101st. 66% more than Mongolia

Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kt 10,574.3
Ranked 89th. 5 times more than The Bahamas
2,147.1
Ranked 133th.

Pollution > Ozone depleting substance consumption per million people 0.421
Ranked 136th.
8.33
Ranked 29th. 20 times more than Mongolia

Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Rural 53.13
Ranked 167th.
96
Ranked 77th. 81% more than Mongolia

Biodiversity > Plant species > Higher, threatened 0.0
Ranked 190th.
8
Ranked 109th.
Threatened species 29
Ranked 68th. 71% more than The Bahamas
17
Ranked 103th.
Adjusted net national income > Current US$ per capita $1,621.03
Ranked 102nd.
$17,781.19
Ranked 31st. 11 times more than Mongolia

Biodiversity > Number 4.16
Ranked 57th. 17% more than The Bahamas
3.56
Ranked 64th.

Adjusted net national income > Current US$ $4.46 billion
Ranked 126th.
$6.41 billion
Ranked 119th. 44% more than Mongolia

Biodiversity > GEF benefits index for biodiversity > 0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum 4.16
Ranked 58th. 17% more than The Bahamas
3.56
Ranked 65th.

Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 US$ of GDP $5.93
Ranked 3rd. 17 times more than The Bahamas
$0.35
Ranked 151st.

Freshwater > Renewable internal freshwater resources > Total > Billion cubic meters 34.8
Ranked 89th. 1740 times more than The Bahamas
0.02
Ranked 165th.

Freshwater > Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita > Cubic meters 13,175.75
Ranked 45th. 222 times more than The Bahamas
59.23
Ranked 163th.

Biodiversity and protected areas > Terrestrial protected areas > Number 51
Ranked 93th. 19% more than The Bahamas
43
Ranked 99th.
CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 PPP $ of GDP 1.86 kg/PPP$
Ranked 3rd. 5 times more than The Bahamas
0.41 kg/PPP$
Ranked 61st.

Proportion of land and marine area under protection 13.78%
Ranked 94th. 14 times more than The Bahamas
1.01%
Ranked 191st.

Biodiversity > GEF benefits index for biodiversity > 0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum per million 1.58
Ranked 48th.
10.23
Ranked 15th. 6 times more than Mongolia

Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Urban 100
Ranked 16th. 4% more than The Bahamas
96
Ranked 130th.

Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Rural 29.09%
Ranked 149th.
87.96%
Ranked 86th. 3 times more than Mongolia

Forest area > Sq. km per 1000 40.58 km²
Ranked 15th. 3 times more than The Bahamas
15.65 km²
Ranked 34th.

Pollution > Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day per worker 0.215
Ranked 9th.
0.318
Ranked 5th. 48% more than Mongolia

Pollution > Carbon dioxide 1999 2,060
Ranked 96th. 4 times more than The Bahamas
490
Ranked 132nd.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > Kt 0.0
Ranked 151st.
0.0
Ranked 162nd.

Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > Kt 8,877.81
Ranked 49th. 2421 times more than The Bahamas
3.67
Ranked 115th.

Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > Kt per 1000 0.0
Ranked 151st.
0.0
Ranked 162nd.

Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > Kt per 1000 0.911
Ranked 116th.
6.83
Ranked 14th. 7 times more than Mongolia

Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > Kt per 1000 3.27
Ranked 19th. 322 times more than The Bahamas
0.0102
Ranked 102nd.

Biodiversity and protected areas > Marine protected areas > Number 0.0
Ranked 163th.
32
Ranked 26th.
Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Urban 63.98
Ranked 147th.
87.96
Ranked 110th. 37% more than Mongolia

Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Consumption of fixed capital > Current US$ $495.60 million
Ranked 122nd.
$934.17 million
Ranked 107th. 88% more than Mongolia

Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Including particulate emission damage > Current US$ $154.72 million
Ranked 85th.
$1.21 billion
Ranked 65th. 8 times more than Mongolia

Pollution > Carbon dioxide 1999 per 1000 0.867
Ranked 82nd.
1.67
Ranked 52nd. 93% more than Mongolia
Emissions > PM10 > Country level > Micrograms per cubic meter 110.45
Ranked 10th. 3 times more than The Bahamas
36.97
Ranked 106th.

Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net forest depletion > Current US$ 0.0
Ranked 103th.
$1.09 million
Ranked 60th.

Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Gross savings > % of GNI 26.5%
Ranked 42nd. 85% more than The Bahamas
14.33%
Ranked 120th.

Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Mineral depletion > % of GNI 9.24%
Ranked 5th.
0.0
Ranked 120th.

Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Excluding particulate emission damage > Current US$ $235.94 million
Ranked 82nd.
$328.70 million
Ranked 98th. 39% more than Mongolia

Water pollution > Clay and glass industry > % of total BOD emissions 0.35%
Ranked 15th. 52% more than The Bahamas
0.23%
Ranked 35th.

Water > Drinking water > Population with improved sanitation > Rural 29.09
Ranked 149th.
87.96
Ranked 86th. 3 times more than Mongolia

Forest area > % of land area 6.54% of land area
Ranked 162nd.
51.45% of land area
Ranked 38th. 8 times more than Mongolia

Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > Kt 2,471.56
Ranked 120th. About the same as The Bahamas
2,460.56
Ranked 121st.

Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Excluding particulate emission damage > % of GNI 4.6%
Ranked 78th.
4.67%
Ranked 101st. 2% more than Mongolia

Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Energy depletion > Current US$ $304.63 million
Ranked 78th.
0.0
Ranked 150th.

PM10 > Country level > Micrograms per cubic meter 68.44 mcg/m³
Ranked 42nd. 86% more than The Bahamas
36.72 mcg/m³
Ranked 115th.

Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day per worker 0.18 kg per day per worker
Ranked 50th.
0.32 kg per day per worker
Ranked 2nd. 78% more than Mongolia

Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Energy depletion > % of GNI 5.94%
Ranked 35th.
0.0
Ranked 134th.

Pollution > Water pollution, metal industry > % of total BOD emissions 3.7%
Ranked 13th.
8.46%
Ranked 6th. 2 times more than Mongolia

Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Including particulate emission damage > % of GNI 3.02%
Ranked 84th.
20.77%
Ranked 10th. 7 times more than Mongolia

Pollution > Water pollution, wood industry > % of total BOD emissions 5.4%
Ranked 6th. 13 times more than The Bahamas
0.432%
Ranked 69th.

Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > % of total 77.13%
Ranked 5th. 518 times more than The Bahamas
0.149%
Ranked 113th.

Pollution > Water pollution, textile industry > % of total BOD emissions 41.62%
Ranked 5th. 6 times more than The Bahamas
6.41%
Ranked 63th.

Water pollution > Food industry > % of total BOD emissions 64.16%
Ranked 23th. 7% more than The Bahamas
59.71%
Ranked 17th.

Pollution > Water pollution, food industry > % of total BOD emissions 27.24%
Ranked 8th.
41.99%
Ranked 9th. 54% more than Mongolia

Pollution > Water pollution, other industry > % of total BOD emissions 4.11%
Ranked 29th.
4.61%
Ranked 72nd. 12% more than Mongolia

Pollution > Water pollution, paper and pulp industry > % of total BOD emissions 5.09%
Ranked 13th.
19.68%
Ranked 1st. 4 times more than Mongolia

Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > % of total 0.0
Ranked 151st.
0.0
Ranked 162nd.

Water pollution > Wood industry > % of total BOD emissions 4.94%
Ranked 11th. 6 times more than The Bahamas
0.77%
Ranked 58th.

Water pollution > Other industry > % of total BOD emissions 0.84%
Ranked 91st. 9 times more than The Bahamas
0.09%
Ranked 58th.

Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > % of total 21.47%
Ranked 179th.
99.85%
Ranked 40th. 5 times more than Mongolia

Pollution > Water pollution, clay and glass industry > % of total BOD emissions 9.53%
Ranked 7th.
10.15%
Ranked 12th. 6% more than Mongolia

Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net national savings > % of GNI 16.83%
Ranked 40th. 16 times more than The Bahamas
1.07%
Ranked 129th.

Total natural resources rents > % of GDP 46%
Ranked 8th. 2984 times more than The Bahamas
0.0154%
Ranked 161st.

Water pollution > Chemical industry > % of total BOD emissions 0.9%
Ranked 95th.
3.35%
Ranked 61st. 4 times more than Mongolia

Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net national savings > Current US$ $863.03 million
Ranked 87th. 11 times more than The Bahamas
$75.21 million
Ranked 122nd.

Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > Current US$ $81.22 million
Ranked 60th. 4 times more than The Bahamas
$20.13 million
Ranked 86th.

International agreements > Signed but not ratified none of the selected agreements none of the selected agreements
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > % of GNI 1.58%
Ranked 2nd. 5 times more than The Bahamas
0.34%
Ranked 58th.

Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Mineral depletion > Current US$ $473.79 million
Ranked 32nd.
0.0
Ranked 144th.

Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$, % of GDP 26.52%
Ranked 80th.
71.2%
Ranked 20th. 3 times more than Mongolia

Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Carbon dioxide damage > % of GNI 1.66%
Ranked 3rd. 8 times more than The Bahamas
0.22%
Ranked 125th.

Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Consumption of fixed capital > % of GNI 9.67%
Ranked 105th.
13.27%
Ranked 32nd. 37% more than Mongolia

Adjusted net national income > Current US$, % of GDP 50.96%
Ranked 145th.
81.26%
Ranked 98th. 59% more than Mongolia

Pollution > Water pollution, chemical industry > % of total BOD emissions 3.3%
Ranked 28th.
8.28%
Ranked 54th. 3 times more than Mongolia

Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > % of GNI 1.15% of GNI
Ranked 19th. 2 times more than The Bahamas
0.47% of GNI
Ranked 65th.

Water pollution > Paper and pulp industry > % of total BOD emissions 4.31%
Ranked 93th.
24.31%
Ranked 10th. 6 times more than Mongolia

Marine protected areas > % of territorial waters 0.85%
Ranked 117th.
7.38%
Ranked 58th. 9 times more than Mongolia

Adjusted savings > Carbon dioxide damage > % of GNI 3.59% of GNI
Ranked 3rd. 14 times more than The Bahamas
0.25% of GNI
Ranked 140th.

Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change sign date June 12, 1992 June 12, 1992
Water pollution > Textile industry > % of total BOD emissions 24.61%
Ranked 13th. 11 times more than The Bahamas
2.34%
Ranked 65th.

CO2 Emissions 7,281.5
Ranked 91st. 4 times more than The Bahamas
1,726.1
Ranked 125th.
Biodiversity and protected areas > Marine protected areas > % of total surface area 0.0
Ranked 158th.
0.44%
Ranked 93th.
Biodiversity and protected areas > Terrestrial protected areas > % of total surface area 13.93%
Ranked 83th. 23% more than The Bahamas
11.37%
Ranked 89th.
Water pollution > Metal industry > % of total BOD emissions 1.83%
Ranked 79th.
9.19%
Ranked 21st. 5 times more than Mongolia

Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net forest depletion > % of GNI 0.0
Ranked 94th.
0.02%
Ranked 53th.

Adjusted net national income > Annual % growth 7.11%
Ranked 17th.
-5.283%
Ranked 94th.

SOURCES: The Changing Wealth of Nations: Measuring Sustainable Development in the New Millennium; United Nations Environmental Program and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre; United Nations Environmental Program and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre; World Resources Institute. 2003. Carbon Emissions from energy use and cement manufacturing, 1850 to 2000. Available on-line through the Climate Analysis Indicators Tool (CAIT) at Washington, DC: World Resources Institute. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Development Indicators database; World Development Indicators database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, United States.; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; United Nations Environmental Program and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre, and International Union for Conservation of Nature, Red List of Threatened Species.; Wikipedia: List of national parks (Africa); United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; The Changing Wealth of Nations: Measuring Sustainable Development in the New Millennium. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Froese, R. and Pauly, D. (eds). 2008. FishBase database, www.fishbase.org.; Froese, R. and Pauly, D. (eds). 2008. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org. version (07/2008). Accessed: 28 September 2008.; Industrial Pollution in Economic Development: Kuznets Revisited; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, United States. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations World Statistics Pocketbook and Statistical Yearbook; Kiran Dev Pandey, Piet Buys, Ken Chomitz, and David Wheeler's, ""Biodiversity Conservation Indicators: New Tools for Priority Setting at the Global Environment Facility"" (2006).; Kiran Dev Pandey, Piet Buys, Ken Chomitz, and David Wheeler's, "Biodiversity Conservation Indicators: New Tools for Priority Setting at the Global Environment Facility" (2006).; Food and Agriculture Organisation, AQUASTAT data.; United Nations Environmental Program and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre, as compiled by the World Resources Institute, based on data from national authorities, national legislation and international agreements.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Kiran Dev Pandey, Piet Buys, Ken Chomitz, and David Wheeler's, "Biodiversity Conservation Indicators: New Tools for Priority Setting at the Global Environment Facility" (2006). Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; World Bank and UNIDO's industry database.; Gregg Marland, Tom Boden, and Bob Andres, University of North Dakota, via net publication; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; World Bank staff estimates using data from the United Nations Statistics Division's National Accounts Statistics.; World Bank staff estimates. The conceptual underpinnings of the savings measure appear in Hamilton and Clemens' ""Genuine Savings Rates in Developing Countries"" (1999).; Gregg Marland, Tom Boden, and Bob Andres, University of North Dakota, via net publication. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Kiren Dev Pandey, David Wheeler, Bart Ostro, Uwe Deichmann, Kirk Hamilton, and Katherine Bolt. ""Ambient Particulate Matter Concentrations in Residential and Pollution Hotspot Areas of World Cities: New Estimates Based on the Global Model of Ambient Particulates (GMAPS),"" World Bank, Development Research Group and Environment Department (2006).; World Bank staff estimates based on sources and methods in Arundhati Kunte and others' ""Estimating National Wealth: Methodology and Results"" (1998).; World Bank national accounts data files.; United Nations Statistics Division Original html; World Bank staff estimates.; Kiran D. Pandey and others' ""The Human Costs of Air Pollution: New Estimates for Developing Countries"" (2006).; The Changing Wealth of Nations: Measuring Sustainable Development in the New Millennium. GDP figures sourced from World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; World Bank staff estimates based on Samuel Fankhauser's ""Valuing Climate Change: The Economics of the Greenhouse"" (1995).; Wikipedia: List of parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (List of parties) (Parties & Observers , UNFCCC, 1 June 2011); World Resources Institute. 2003. Carbon Emissions from energy use and cement manufacturing, 1850 to 2000. Available on-line through the Climate Analysis Indicators Tool (CAIT) at Washington, DC: World Resources Institute

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