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Military Stats: compare key data on Tunisia & United States

Definitions

  • Air force > Combat aircraft: Number of fighter aircrafts (fixed wing aircrafts with combat capability).
  • Armed forces personnel: Total armed forces (2000)
  • Armed forces personnel > Total: Armed forces personnel are active duty military personnel, including paramilitary forces if the training, organisation, equipment, and control suggest they may be used to support or replace regular military forces."
  • Expenditures > Percent of GDP: Current military expenditures as an estimated percent of gross domestic product (GDP).
  • Global Peace Index: The Global Peace Index is comprised of 22 indicators in the three categories ongoing domestic or international conflicts; societal safety; and security and militarization. A low index value indicates a peaceful and safe country.
  • Military branches: This entry lists the service branches subordinate to defense ministries or the equivalent (typically ground, naval, air, and marine forces).
  • Military expenditures: This entry gives spending on defense programs for the most recent year available as a percent of gross domestic product (GDP); the GDP is calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP). For countries with no military forces, this figure can include expenditures on public security and police.
  • Military service age and obligation: This entry gives the required ages for voluntary or conscript military service and the length of service obligation.
  • Navy > Aircraft carriers: Number of aircraft carriers.
  • Paramilitary personnel: Paramilitary.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Personnel: Armed forces personnel are active duty military personnel, including paramilitary forces if the training, organization, equipment, and control suggest they may be used to support or replace regular military forces.
  • Personnel > Per capita: Armed forces personnel are active duty military personnel, including paramilitary forces if the training, organization, equipment, and control suggest they may be used to support or replace regular military forces. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Service age and obligation: This entry gives the required ages for voluntary or conscript military service and the length of sevice obligation.
  • War deaths: Battle-related deaths are deaths in battle-related conflicts between warring parties in the conflict dyad (two conflict units that are parties to a conflict). Typically, battle-related deaths occur in warfare involving the armed forces of the warring parties. This includes traditional battlefield fighting, guerrilla activities, and all kinds of bombardments of military units, cities, and villages, etc. The targets are usually the military itself and its installations or state institutions and state representatives, but there is often substantial collateral damage in the form of civilians being killed in crossfire, in indiscriminate bombings, etc. All deaths--military as well as civilian--incurred in such situations, are counted as battle-related deaths."
  • Branches: The names of the ground, naval, air, marine, and other defense or security forces
  • Military expenditure > Current LCU: Military expenditures data from SIPRI are derived from the NATO definition, which includes all current and capital expenditures on the armed forces, including peacekeeping forces; defense ministries and other government agencies engaged in defense projects; paramilitary forces, if these are judged to be trained and equipped for military operations; and military space activities. Such expenditures include military and civil personnel, including retirement pensions of military personnel and social services for personnel; operation and maintenance; procurement; military research and development; and military aid (in the military expenditures of the donor country). Excluded are civil defense and current expenditures for previous military activities, such as for veterans' benefits, demobilisation, conversion, and destruction of weapons. This definition cannot be applied for all countries, however, since that would require much more detailed information than is available about what is included in military budgets and off-budget military expenditure items. (For example, military budgets might or might not cover civil defense, reserves and auxiliary forces, police and paramilitary forces, dual-purpose forces such as military and civilian police, military grants in kind, pensions for military personnel, and social security contributions paid by one part of government to another.)"
  • Manpower reaching military age annually > Males: This entry is derived from Military > Manpower reaching military age annually, which gives the number of males and females entering the military manpower pool (i.e., reaching age 16) in any given year and is a measure of the availability of military-age young adults.
  • Armed forces personnel per 1000: Total armed forces (2000). Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Manpower > Reaching military age annually > Males: The number of draft-age males and females entering the military manpower pool in any given year and is a measure of the availability of draft-age young adults.
  • Personnel per 1000: Armed forces personnel are active duty military personnel, including paramilitary forces if the training, organization, equipment, and control suggest they may be used to support or replace regular military forces. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Expenditure > Current LCU: Military expenditures data from SIPRI are derived from the NATO definition, which includes all current and capital expenditures on the armed forces, including peacekeeping forces; defense ministries and other government agencies engaged in defense projects; paramilitary forces, if these are judged to be trained and equipped for military operations; and military space activities. Such expenditures include military and civil personnel, including retirement pensions of military personnel and social services for personnel; operation and maintenance; procurement; military research and development; and military aid (in the military expenditures of the donor country). Excluded are civil defense and current expenditures for previous military activities, such as for veterans' benefits, demobilization, conversion, and destruction of weapons. This definition cannot be applied for all countries, however, since that would require much more detailed information than is available about what is included in military budgets and off-budget military expenditure items. (For example, military budgets might or might not cover civil defense, reserves and auxiliary forces, police and paramilitary forces, dual-purpose forces such as military and civilian police, military grants in kind, pensions for military personnel, and social security contributions paid by one part of government to another.)
  • Nuclear weapons > Non-Proliferation treaty sign date: Signed.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Conscription: A description of the status of conscription in the nation in 1997.
  • Armed forces growth: Growth in the number of armed forces personnel from 1985 (index = 100) to 2000. 100 means no growth, 50 means it halved and 200 means it doubled.
  • Imports > USD: Arms transfers cover the supply of military weapons through sales, aid, gifts, and those made through manufacturing licenses. Data cover major conventional weapons such as aircraft, armored vehicles, artillery, radar systems, missiles, and ships designed for military use. Excluded are transfers of other military equipment such as small arms and light weapons, trucks, small artillery, ammunition, support equipment, technology transfers, and other services."
  • Arms imports > Constant 1990 US$: Arms transfers cover the supply of military weapons through sales, aid, gifts, and those made through manufacturing licenses. Data cover major conventional weapons such as aircraft, armored vehicles, artillery, radar systems, missiles, and ships designed for military use. Excluded are transfers of other military equipment such as small arms and light weapons, trucks, small artillery, ammunition, support equipment, technology transfers, and other services.
  • Military expenditures > Percent of GDP: This entry gives spending on defense programs for the most recent year available as a percent of gross domestic product (GDP); the GDP is calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP). For countries with no military forces, this figure can include expenditures on public security and police.
  • Weapon holdings per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Manpower reaching military age annually > Males per thousand people: This entry is derived from Military > Manpower reaching military age annually, which gives the number of males and females entering the military manpower pool (i.e., reaching age 16) in any given year and is a measure of the availability of military-age young adults. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
  • Manpower > Military age: The minimum age at which an individual may volunteer for military service or be subject to conscription.
  • Manpower reaching military service age annually > Males age 18-49: This entry gives the number of draft-age males and females entering the military manpower pool in any given year and is a measure of the availability of draft-age young adults.
  • Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually > Males: This entry is derived from Military > Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually, which gives the number of males and females entering the military manpower pool (i.e., reaching age 16) in any given year and is a measure of the availability of military-age young adults.
  • Arms imports > Constant 1990 US$ per capita: Arms transfers cover the supply of military weapons through sales, aid, gifts, and those made through manufacturing licenses. Data cover major conventional weapons such as aircraft, armored vehicles, artillery, radar systems, missiles, and ships designed for military use. Excluded are transfers of other military equipment such as small arms and light weapons, trucks, small artillery, ammunition, support equipment, technology transfers, and other services. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Manpower > Availability > Males age 15-49: The total numbers of males aged 15-49. This statistic assumes that every individual is fit to serve.
  • Arms imports > Constant 1990 US$ > Per capita: Arms transfers cover the supply of military weapons through sales, aid, gifts, and those made through manufacturing licenses. Data cover major conventional weapons such as aircraft, armored vehicles, artillery, radar systems, missiles, and ships designed for military use. Excluded are transfers of other military equipment such as small arms and light weapons, trucks, small artillery, ammunition, support equipment, technology transfers, and other services. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
  • Manpower reaching military age annually > Females per thousand people: This entry is derived from Military > Manpower reaching military age annually, which gives the number of males and females entering the military manpower pool (i.e., reaching age 16) in any given year and is a measure of the availability of military-age young adults. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
  • Manpower reaching military age annually > Females: This entry is derived from Military > Manpower reaching military age annually, which gives the number of males and females entering the military manpower pool (i.e., reaching age 16) in any given year and is a measure of the availability of military-age young adults.
  • Manpower > Availability > Males age 15-49 per 1000: The total numbers of males aged 15-49. This statistic assumes that every individual is fit to serve. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Manpower reaching military service age annually > Males age 18-49 per 1000: This entry gives the number of draft-age males and females entering the military manpower pool in any given year and is a measure of the availability of draft-age young adults. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Military expenditure > % of GDP: Military expenditures data from SIPRI are derived from the NATO definition, which includes all current and capital expenditures on the armed forces, including peacekeeping forces; defense ministries and other government agencies engaged in defense projects; paramilitary forces, if these are judged to be trained and equipped for military operations; and military space activities. Such expenditures include military and civil personnel, including retirement pensions of military personnel and social services for personnel; operation and maintenance; procurement; military research and development; and military aid (in the military expenditures of the donor country). Excluded are civil defense and current expenditures for previous military activities, such as for veterans' benefits, demobilisation, conversion, and destruction of weapons. This definition cannot be applied for all countries, however, since that would require much more detailed information than is available about what is included in military budgets and off-budget military expenditure items. (For example, military budgets might or might not cover civil defense, reserves and auxiliary forces, police and paramilitary forces, dual-purpose forces such as military and civilian police, military grants in kind, pensions for military personnel, and social security contributions paid by one part of government to another.)"
  • Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually > Males per thousand people: This entry is derived from Military > Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually, which gives the number of males and females entering the military manpower pool (i.e., reaching age 16) in any given year and is a measure of the availability of military-age young adults. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
  • Manpower > Availability > Females per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Manpower > Reaching military age annually > Females per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Expenditure > % of central government expenditure: Military expenditures data from SIPRI are derived from the NATO definition, which includes all current and capital expenditures on the armed forces, including peacekeeping forces; defense ministries and other government agencies engaged in defense projects; paramilitary forces, if these are judged to be trained and equipped for military operations; and military space activities. Such expenditures include military and civil personnel, including retirement pensions of military personnel and social services for personnel; operation and maintenance; procurement; military research and development; and military aid (in the military expenditures of the donor country). Excluded are civil defense and current expenditures for previous military activities, such as for veterans' benefits, demobilization, conversion, and destruction of weapons. This definition cannot be applied for all countries, however, since that would require much more detailed information than is available about what is included in military budgets and off-budget military expenditure items. (For example, military budgets might or might not cover civil defense, reserves and auxiliary forces, police and paramilitary forces, dual-purpose forces such as military and civilian police, military grants in kind, pensions for military personnel, and social security contributions paid by one part of government to another.)
  • Iraqi insurgency > Foreign fighter nationality distribution > Number per million: Foreign Insurgents captured in Iraq in the 7-month period April–October 2005:. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Manpower > Fit for military service > Females per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Manpower > Reaching military age annually > Males per 1000: The number of draft-age males and females entering the military manpower pool in any given year and is a measure of the availability of draft-age young adults. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Expenditure > % of GDP: Military expenditures data from SIPRI are derived from the NATO definition, which includes all current and capital expenditures on the armed forces, including peacekeeping forces; defense ministries and other government agencies engaged in defense projects; paramilitary forces, if these are judged to be trained and equipped for military operations; and military space activities. Such expenditures include military and civil personnel, including retirement pensions of military personnel and social services for personnel; operation and maintenance; procurement; military research and development; and military aid (in the military expenditures of the donor country). Excluded are civil defense and current expenditures for previous military activities, such as for veterans' benefits, demobilization, conversion, and destruction of weapons. This definition cannot be applied for all countries, however, since that would require much more detailed information than is available about what is included in military budgets and off-budget military expenditure items. (For example, military budgets might or might not cover civil defense, reserves and auxiliary forces, police and paramilitary forces, dual-purpose forces such as military and civilian police, military grants in kind, pensions for military personnel, and social security contributions paid by one part of government to another.)
  • Manpower > Reaching military age annually > Females > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Manpower > Availability > Males age 15-49 > Per capita: The total numbers of males aged 15-49. This statistic assumes that every individual is fit to serve. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
  • Manpower > Reaching military age annually > Males > Per capita: The number of draft-age males and females entering the military manpower pool in any given year and is a measure of the availability of draft-age young adults. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Iraqi insurgency > Foreign fighter nationality distribution > Number: Foreign Insurgents captured in Iraq in the 7-month period April–October 2005:
  • Manpower > Availability > Males per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Personnel > % of total labor force: Armed forces personnel are active duty military personnel, including paramilitary forces if the training, organization, equipment, and control suggest they may be used to support or replace regular military forces. Labor force comprises all people who meet the International Labour Organization's definition of the economically active population.
  • Manpower > Fit for military service > Males per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Armed forces personnel > % of total labor force: Armed forces personnel are active duty military personnel, including paramilitary forces if the training, organisation, equipment, and control suggest they may be used to support or replace regular military forces. Labor force comprises all people who meet the International Labour Organisation's definition of the economically active population."
  • Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually > Females per thousand people: This entry is derived from Military > Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually, which gives the number of males and females entering the military manpower pool (i.e., reaching age 16) in any given year and is a measure of the availability of military-age young adults. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
  • Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually > Females: This entry is derived from Military > Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually, which gives the number of males and females entering the military manpower pool (i.e., reaching age 16) in any given year and is a measure of the availability of military-age young adults.
STAT Tunisia United States HISTORY
Air force > Combat aircraft 56
Ranked 33th.
3,318
Ranked 1st. 59 times more than Tunisia
Armed forces personnel 35,000
Ranked 79th.
1.37 million
Ranked 3rd. 39 times more than Tunisia
Armed forces personnel > Total 48,000
Ranked 68th.
1.54 million
Ranked 4th. 32 times more than Tunisia

Expenditures > Percent of GDP 1.4%
Ranked 63th.
4.06%
Ranked 22nd. 3 times more than Tunisia
Global Peace Index 2
Ranked 86th.
2.13
Ranked 4th. 6% more than Tunisia

Manpower fit for military service > Males age 16-49 None None
Military branches Tunisian Armed Forces (Forces Armees Tunisiens, FAT): Tunisian Army (includes Tunisian Air Defense Force), Tunisian Navy, Republic of Tunisia Air Force (Al-Quwwat al-Jawwiya al-Jamahiriyah At'Tunisia) United States Armed Forces: US Army, US Navy (includes Marine Corps), US Air Force, US Coast Guard
Military expenditures 1.5% of GDP
Ranked 34th.
4.6% of GDP
Ranked 1st. 3 times more than Tunisia
Military service age and obligation 20-23 years of age for compulsory service, one year service obligation; 18-23 years of age for voluntary service; Tunisian nationality required 18 years of age (17 years of age with parental consent) for male and female voluntary service; no conscription; maximum enlistment age 42 (Army), 27 (Air Force), 34 (Navy), 28 (Marines); service obligation 8 years, including 2-5 years active duty (Army), 2 years active (Navy), 4 years active (Air Force, Marines); DoD is eliminating prohibitions restricting women from assignments in units smaller than brigades or near combat units
Navy > Aircraft carriers 0.0
Ranked 51st.
10
Ranked 1st.
Paramilitary personnel 12,000
Ranked 50th. 9% more than United States
11,035
Ranked 1st.
Personnel 47,000
Ranked 76th.
1.55 million
Ranked 3rd. 33 times more than Tunisia

Personnel > Per capita 4.69 per 1,000 people
Ranked 78th.
5.22 per 1,000 people
Ranked 70th. 11% more than Tunisia

Service age and obligation 20 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 12 months; 18 years of age for voluntary military service 18 years of age (17 years of age with parental consent) for male and female voluntary service; maximum enlistment age 42 (Army), 27 (Air Force), 34 (Navy), 28 (Marines); service obligation 8 years, including 2-5 years active duty (Army), 2 years active (Navy), 4 years active (Air Force, Marines)
War deaths 0.0
Ranked 27th.
0.0
Ranked 73th.

Branches Army, Navy, Republic of Tunisia Air Force (Al-Quwwat al-Jawwiya al-Jamahiriyah At'tunisia) US Army, US Navy (includes Marine Corps), US Air Force, US Coast Guard; note - Coast Guard administered in peacetime by the Department of Homeland Security, but in wartime reports to the Department of the Navy
Military expenditure > Current LCU 731 million
Ranked 98th.
661.05 billion
Ranked 13th. 904 times more than Tunisia

Manpower reaching military age annually > Males 90,436
Ranked 83th.
2.16 million
Ranked 5th. 24 times more than Tunisia

Weapon holdings 581,000
Ranked 79th.
38.54 million
Ranked 1st. 66 times more than Tunisia
Armed forces personnel per 1000 3.66
Ranked 86th.
4.84
Ranked 57th. 32% more than Tunisia
Manpower > Reaching military age annually > Males 101,794
Ranked 78th.
2.19 million
Ranked 3rd. 21 times more than Tunisia

Manpower available for military service > Males age 16-49 None None
Personnel per 1000 4.69
Ranked 78th.
5.23
Ranked 70th. 12% more than Tunisia

Expenditure > Current LCU 554500000 507089000000
Nuclear weapons > Non-Proliferation treaty sign date 1 Jul 1968 (L, M, W) 1 Jul 1968 (L, M, W)
Conscription <a href=/graph-T/mil_con>Conscription</a> exists. No <a href=/graph-T/mil_con>conscription</a>.
Armed forces growth 0.0
Ranked 68th.
-37%
Ranked 107th.
Imports > USD 7 million
Ranked 73th.
904 million
Ranked 7th. 129 times more than Tunisia

Arms imports > Constant 1990 US$ 156 million constant 1990 US$
Ranked 30th.
387 million constant 1990 US$
Ranked 19th. 2 times more than Tunisia

Expenditures 1.4% of GDP
Ranked 54th.
4.06% of GDP
Ranked 10th. 3 times more than Tunisia
Military expenditures > Percent of GDP 1.4% of GDP
Ranked 40th.
4.06% of GDP
Ranked 10th. 3 times more than Tunisia
Weapon holdings per 1000 60.06
Ranked 71st.
135.24
Ranked 43th. 2 times more than Tunisia
Manpower fit for military service > Females age 16-49 2484097 None
Manpower reaching military age annually > Males per thousand people 8.39
Ranked 126th. 22% more than United States
6.89
Ranked 163th.

Manpower > Availability > Males 2.99 million
Ranked 68th.
72.72 million
Ranked 3rd. 24 times more than Tunisia

Manpower > Military age 20 years of age 18 years of age
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty > Signatures and Ratifications > Signature 16 OCT 1996 24 SEP 1996
Manpower reaching military service age annually > Males age 18-49 108,817
Ranked 60th.
2.14 million
Ranked 4th. 20 times more than Tunisia
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually > Males 90,436
Ranked 83th.
2.16 million
Ranked 5th. 24 times more than Tunisia
Manpower available for military service > Females age 16-49 None None
Arms imports > Constant 1990 US$ per capita 15.55 constant 1990 US$
Ranked 18th. 12 times more than United States
1.31 constant 1990 US$
Ranked 56th.

Manpower > Fit for military service > Males 2.54 million
Ranked 63th.
59.41 million
Ranked 3rd. 23 times more than Tunisia

Manpower > Availability > Females 2.91 million
Ranked 64th.
71.64 million
Ranked 3rd. 25 times more than Tunisia

Manpower > Availability > Males age 15-49 2.87 million
Ranked 68th.
73.6 million
Ranked 3rd. 26 times more than Tunisia

Arms imports > Constant 1990 US$ > Per capita 15.55 constant 1990 US$ per c
Ranked 18th. 12 times more than United States
1.31 constant 1990 US$ per c
Ranked 57th.

Manpower reaching military age annually > Females per thousand people 8.28
Ranked 129th. 25% more than United States
6.65
Ranked 159th.
Manpower reaching military age annually > Females 87,346
Ranked 83th.
2.06 million
Ranked 5th. 24 times more than Tunisia
Manpower > Fit for military service > Females 2.47 million
Ranked 61st.
59.19 million
Ranked 3rd. 24 times more than Tunisia

Manpower > Availability > Males age 15-49 per 1000 285.87
Ranked 23th. 15% more than United States
249.05
Ranked 85th.

Manpower reaching military service age annually > Males age 18-49 per 1000 10.64
Ranked 42nd. 50% more than United States
7.12
Ranked 107th.
Military expenditure > % of GDP 1.37%
Ranked 72nd.
4.64%
Ranked 8th. 3 times more than Tunisia

Manpower > Reaching military age annually > Females 95,198
Ranked 80th.
2.08 million
Ranked 4th. 22 times more than Tunisia

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually > Males per thousand people 8.35
Ranked 129th. 22% more than United States
6.83
Ranked 165th.
Manpower > Availability > Females per 1000 282.01
Ranked 12th. 20% more than United States
235.58
Ranked 92nd.

Manpower > Reaching military age annually > Females per 1000 9.22
Ranked 104th. 35% more than United States
6.84
Ranked 151st.

Expenditure > % of central government expenditure 5.06%
Ranked 33th.
19.26%
Ranked 7th. 4 times more than Tunisia

Iraqi insurgency > Foreign fighter nationality distribution > Number per million 0.997
Ranked 8th. 20 times more than United States
0.0508
Ranked 17th.
Manpower > Fit for military service > Females per 1000 238.68
Ranked 12th. 23% more than United States
194.63
Ranked 73th.

Manpower > Reaching military age annually > Males per 1000 9.86
Ranked 100th. 37% more than United States
7.19
Ranked 148th.

Expenditure > % of GDP 1.49%
Ranked 64th.
4.08%
Ranked 11th. 3 times more than Tunisia

Manpower > Reaching military age annually > Females > Per capita 9.17 per 1,000 people
Ranked 116th. 34% more than United States
6.84 per 1,000 people
Ranked 168th.

Manpower > Availability > Males age 15-49 > Per capita 0.294 per capita
Ranked 19th. 17% more than United States
0.251 per capita
Ranked 103th.

Manpower > Reaching military age annually > Males > Per capita 9.8 per 1,000 people
Ranked 113th. 36% more than United States
7.2 per 1,000 people
Ranked 165th.

Iraqi insurgency > Foreign fighter nationality distribution > Number 10
Ranked 8th.
15
Ranked 6th. 50% more than Tunisia
Manpower > Availability > Males per 1000 289.7
Ranked 17th. 21% more than United States
239.12
Ranked 119th.

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually > Female 87346 2055685
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually > Male 90436 2161727
Personnel > % of total labor force 1.22%
Ranked 64th. 23% more than United States
0.99%
Ranked 83th.

Manpower > Fit for military service > Males per 1000 245.91
Ranked 13th. 26% more than United States
195.38
Ranked 85th.

Armed forces personnel > % of total labor force 1.27%
Ranked 48th. 31% more than United States
0.97%
Ranked 71st.

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually > Females per thousand people 8.28
Ranked 128th. 25% more than United States
6.65
Ranked 158th.
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually > Females 87,346
Ranked 83th.
2.06 million
Ranked 5th. 24 times more than Tunisia

SOURCES: Wikipedia: List of countries by level of military equipment (List); IISS (International Institute for Strategic Studies). 2001. The Military Balance 2001-2002. Oxford: Oxford University Press; International Institute for Strategic Studies, The Military Balance.; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008; http://www.visionofhumanity.org/#/page/indexes/global-peace-index, Global Rankings. Vision of Humanity.; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; CIA World Factbooks 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013; Wikipedia: List of countries by number of military and paramilitary personnel (The list); World Development Indicators database; Uppsala Conflict Data Program, http://www.pcr.uu.se/research/ucdp/.; Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), Yearbook: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security.; Bonn International Center for Conversion (BICC); IISS (International Institute for Strategic Studies). 2001. The Military Balance 2001-2002. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Development Indicators database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Wikipedia: List of parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (Ratified or acceded states); Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Geneva, Switzerland, 1997. Data collected from the nations concerned, unless otherwise indicated. Acronyms: Amnesty International (AI); European Council of Conscripts Organizations (ECCO); Friends World Committee for Consultation (FWCC); International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights (IHFHR); National Interreligious Service Board for Conscientious Objectors (NISBCO); Service, Peace and Justice in Latin America (SERPAJ); War Resisters International (WRI); World Council of Churches (WCC); calculated on the basis of data on armed forces from IISS (International Institute for Strategic Studies). 2001. The Military Balance 2001-2002. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Bonn International Center for Conversion (BICC). Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; CIA World Factbooks 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Wikipedia: Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty; CIA World Factbook, 14 June, 2007; CIA World Factbook, 28 July 2005; CIA World Factbook, 28 July 2005. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; CIA World Factbook, 14 June, 2007. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Alan B. Krueger: The National Origins of Foreign Fighters in IraqPrinceton University and NBER, 30 December 2006. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Alan B. Krueger: The National Origins of Foreign Fighters in IraqPrinceton University and NBER, 30 December 2006.

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