|
Afghanistan
|
religious groups; tribal leaders; ethnically based groups; Taliban |
|
Argentina
|
business organizations; Peronist-dominated labor movement; Piquetero groups (popular protest organizations that can be either pro or anti-government); students |
|
Aruba
|
environmental groups |
|
Australia
|
business groups; environmental groups; social groups; trade unions |
|
Austria
|
three composite leagues of the Austrian People's Party or OeVP representing business, labor, farmers, and other nongovernment organizations in the areas of environment and human rights |
|
Bahrain
|
several small leftist and other groups are active |
|
Bangladesh
|
environmentalists; Islamist groups; religious leaders; teachers; union leaders |
|
Belgium
|
numerous other associations representing bankers, manufacturers, middle-class artisans, and the legal and medical professions; various organizations represent the cultural interests of Flanders and Wallonia; various peace groups such as Pax Christi and groups representing immigrants |
|
Benin
|
economic groups; environmentalists; political groups; teachers' unions and other educational groups |
|
Bhutan
|
Buddhist clergy; ethnic Nepalese organizations leading militant antigovernment campaign; Indian merchant community |
|
Bolivia
|
Cocalero groups; indigenous organizations (including Confederation of Indigenous Peoples of Eastern Bolivia or CIDOB and National Council of Ayullus and Markas of Quollasuyu or CONAMAQ); labor unions (including the Central Bolivian Workers' Union or COB and Cooperative Miners Federation or FENCOMIN) |
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
war veterans; displaced persons associations; family associations of missing persons; private media |
|
Botswana
|
diamond mining companies |
|
Brazil
|
labor unions and federations; large farmers' associations; religious groups including evangelical Christian churches and the Catholic Church |
|
British Virgin Islands
|
environmentalists |
|
Bulgaria
|
numerous regional, ethnic, and national interest groups with various agendas |
|
Burkina Faso
|
watchdog/political action groups throughout the country in both organizations and communities |
|
Burma
|
several Shan factions |
|
Burundi
|
Hutu and Tutsi militias (loosely organized) |
|
Cambodia
|
human rights organizations; vendors |
|
Canada
|
agricultural sector; automobile industry; business groups; chemical industry; commercial banks; communications sector; energy industry; environmentalists; public administration groups; steel industry; trade unions |
|
Cape Verde
|
environmentalists; political pressure groups |
|
Cayman Islands
|
environmentalists |
|
Chile
|
revitalized university student federations at all major universities |
|
Comoros
|
environmentalists |
|
Cook Islands
|
various groups lobbying for political change |
|
Croatia
|
human rights groups |
|
Denmark
|
humanitarian relief; development assistance; human rights NGOs |
|
Faroe Islands
|
conservationists |
|
Georgia
|
Georgian independent deputies from Abkhaz government in exile; separatists in the breakaway regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia |
|
Germany
|
business associations and employers' organizations; religious, trade unions, immigrant, expellee, and veterans groups |
|
Greenland
|
conservationists; environmentalists |
|
Guam
|
activists; indigenous groups |
|
India
|
numerous religious or militant/chauvinistic organizations; various separatist groups seeking greater communal and/or regional autonomy |
|
Japan
|
business groups; trade unions |
|
Kenya
|
labor unions |
|
Kuwait
|
Islamists; merchants; political groups; secular liberals and pro-governmental deputies; Shia activists; tribal groups |
|
Lebanon
|
note - most sects retain militias and a number of militant groups operate in Palestinian refugee camps |
|
Liberia
|
demobilized former military officers |
|
Libya
|
- |
|
Malaysia
|
religious groups; women's groups; youth groups |
|
Maldives
|
various unregistered political parties |
|
Mali
|
the army; Islamic authorities; rebels in the northern region; state-run cotton company CMDT; tuaregs |
|
Malta
|
environmentalists |
|
Mauritania
|
Arab nationalists; Ba'thists; Islamists |
|
Mauritius
|
various labor unions |
|
Mongolia
|
human rights groups; women's groups |
|
Nepal
|
several small armed Madhesi groups along the southern border with India; a variety of groups advocating regional autonomy for individual ethnic groups |
|
New Zealand
|
apartheid groups; civil rights groups; farmers groups; Maori; nuclear weapons groups; women's rights groups |
|
Norway
|
environmental groups; media; reform movements |
|
Pakistan
|
military (most important political force); ulema (clergy); landowners; industrialists; small merchants |
|
Romania
|
various human rights and professional associations |
|
Russia
|
ecology groups; human rights groups; nationalist pragmatists (no foreign influence over Central Eurasia); neo-Eurasianists (against Western influence for the area); religious groups; westernizers (lean towards the West) |
|
Saint Helena
|
private sector; unions |
|
Sao Tome and Principe
|
the media |
|
Saudi Arabia
|
gas companies; religious groups |
|
Senegal
|
labor; students; Sufi brotherhoods, including the Mourides and Tidjanes; teachers |
|
Seychelles
|
trade unions |
|
Sierra Leone
|
student unions; trade unions |
|
Singapore
|
investment companies; news organizations |
|
Slovenia
|
Catholic Church |
|
Somalia
|
numerous clan and sub-clan factions exist both in support and in opposition to the transitional government |
|
Spain
|
business and landowning interests; Catholic Church; free labor unions (authorized in April 1977); university students |
|
Sri Lanka
|
Buddhist clergy; labor unions; radical chauvinist Sinhalese groups such as the National Movement Against Terrorism; Sinhalese Buddhist lay groups |
|
Sweden
|
media |
|
Taiwan
|
environmental groups; independence movement; various business groups |
|
Tajikistan
|
splinter parties recognized by the government but not by the base of the party; unregistered political parties |
|
The Bahamas
|
trade unions |
|
The Gambia
|
special needs group advocates; teachers and principals |
|
Uruguay
|
Catholic Church; students |
|
Yemen
|
conservative tribal groups; Huthis, southern secessionist groups; al-Qa'ida in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) |
