| Countries (A to Z) |
Description |
| Burma |
Self-appointment |
| Denmark |
Monarchy |
| Djibouti |
Direct election |
| Dominica |
Election by parliament |
| Dominican Republic |
Direct election |
| East Timor |
Direct election |
| Ecuador |
Direct election |
| Egypt |
Direct election |
| El Salvador |
Direct election |
| Equatorial Guinea |
Direct election |
| Eritrea |
Self-appointment |
| Estonia |
Election by parliament (1.-3. round) / electoral college (4. round) |
| Ethiopia |
Election by parliament |
| Fiji |
Election by Great Council of Chiefs |
| Finland |
Direct election |
| France |
Direct election |
| Gabon |
Direct election |
| Gambia, The |
Direct election |
| Georgia |
Direct election |
| Germany |
Election by electoral college |
| Ghana |
Direct election |
| Greece |
Election by parliament |
| Grenada |
Monarchy |
| Guatemala |
Direct election |
| Guinea |
Direct election |
| Guinea-Bissau |
Direct election |
| Guyana |
Election by parliament |
| Haiti |
Direct election |
| Honduras |
Direct election |
| Hong Kong |
Election by election committee |
| Hungary |
Election by parliament |
| Iceland |
Direct election |
| India |
Election by electoral college |
| Indonesia |
Direct election |
| Iran |
Direct election |
| Iraq |
Election by parliament |
| Ireland |
Direct election |
| Israel |
Election by parliament |
| Italy |
Election by parliament |
| Jamaica |
Monarchy |
| Japan |
Monarchy |
| Jordan |
Monarchy |
| Kazakhstan |
Direct election |
| Kenya |
Direct election |
| Kiribati |
Direct election |
| Korea, South |
Direct election |
| Kuwait |
Monarchy |
| Kyrgyzstan |
Direct election |
| Laos |
Election by parliament |
| Latvia |
Election by parliament |
| Lebanon |
Election by parliament |
| Lesotho |
Monarchy |
| Liberia |
Direct election |
| Libya |
Election by parliament |
| Liechtenstein |
Monarchy |
| Lithuania |
Direct election |
| Luxembourg |
Monarchy |
| Macedonia, Republic of |
Direct election |
| Madagascar |
Direct election |
| Malawi |
Direct election |
| Malaysia |
Election by the rulers of the Malay states |
| Maldives |
Election by parliament confirmed in a referendum |
| Mali |
Direct election |
| Malta |
Election by parliament |
| Marshall Islands |
Direct election |
| Mauritania |
Self-appointment |
| Mauritius |
Election by parliament |
| Mexico |
Direct election |
| Micronesia, Federated States of |
Election by parliament |
| Moldova |
Election by parliament |
| Monaco |
Monarchy |
| Mongolia |
Direct election |
| Morocco |
Monarchy |
| Mozambique |
Direct election |
| Namibia |
Direct election |
| Nauru |
Election by parliament |
| Nepal |
Monarchy |
| Netherlands |
Monarchy |
| New Zealand |
Monarchy |
| Nicaragua |
Direct election |
| Niger |
Direct election |
| Nigeria |
Direct election |
| Norway |
Monarchy |
| Pakistan |
Election by electoral college |
| Palau |
Direct election |
| Panama |
Direct election |
| Papua New Guinea |
Monarchy |
| Paraguay |
Direct election |
| Peru |
Direct election |
| Philippines |
Direct election |
| Poland |
Direct election |
| Portugal |
Direct election |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis |
Monarchy |
| Saint Lucia |
Monarchy |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
Monarchy |
| Samoa |
Livehood |
| San Marino |
Election by parliament |
| Saudi Arabia |
Monarchy |
| Senegal |
Direct election |
| Serbia and Montenegro |
Direct election |
| Seychelles |
Direct election |
| Sierra Leone |
Direct election |
| Singapore |
Direct election |
| Slovakia |
Direct election |
| Slovenia |
Direct election |
| Solomon Islands |
Monarchy |
| Somalia |
Transition |
| South Africa |
Election by parliament |
| Spain |
Monarchy |
| Sri Lanka |
Direct election |
| Sudan |
Direct election |
| Suriname |
Election by electoral college |
| Swaziland |
Monarchy |
| Sweden |
Monarchy |
| Switzerland |
Election by parliament |
| Syria |
Approval by referendum |
| São Tomé and Príncipe |
Direct election |
| Taiwan |
Direct election |
| Tajikistan |
Direct election |
| Tanzania |
Direct election |
| Thailand |
Monarchy |
| Togo |
Direct election |
| Tonga |
Monarchy |
| Trinidad and Tobago |
Election by parliament |
| Tunisia |
Direct election |
| Turkey |
Election by parliament |
| Turkmenistan |
Direct election |
| Uganda |
Direct election |
| Ukraine |
Direct election |
| United Arab Emirates |
De facto monarchy |
| United Kingdom |
Monarchy |
| United States |
Indirect election/election by electoral college |
| Uruguay |
Direct election |
| Uzbekistan |
Direct election |
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