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STAT	Akrotiri	Japan	HISTORY
Economy > Economy > Overview	Economic activity is limited to providing services to the military and their families located in Akrotiri. All food and manufactured goods must be imported.	In the years following World War II, government-industry cooperation, a strong work ethic, mastery of high technology, and a comparatively small defense allocation (1% of GDP) helped Japan develop a technologically advanced economy. Two notable characteristics of the post-war economy were the close interlocking structures of manufacturers, suppliers, and distributors, known as keiretsu, and the guarantee of lifetime employment for a substantial portion of the urban labor force. Both features are now eroding under the dual pressures of global competition and domestic demographic change. Japan's industrial sector is heavily dependent on imported raw materials and fuels. A small agricultural sector is highly subsidized and protected, with crop yields among the highest in the world. While self-sufficient in rice production, Japan imports about 60% of its food on a caloric basis. For three decades, overall real economic growth had been spectacular - a 10% average in the 1960s, a 5% average in the 1970s, and a 4% average in the 1980s. Growth slowed markedly in the 1990s, averaging just 1.7%, largely because of the after effects of inefficient investment and an asset price bubble in the late 1980s that required a protracted period of time for firms to reduce excess debt, capital, and labor. Modest economic growth continued after 2000, but the economy has fallen into recession three times since 2008. A sharp downturn in business investment and global demand for Japan's exports in late 2008 pushed Japan into recession. Government stimulus spending helped the economy recover in late 2009 and 2010, but the economy contracted again in 2011 as the massive 9.0 magnitude earthquake and the ensuing tsunami in March disrupted manufacturing. The economy has largely recovered in the two years since the disaster, but reconstruction in the Tohoku region has been uneven. Newly-elected Prime Minister Shinzo ABE has declared the economy his government's top priority; he has pledged to reconsider his predecessor's plan to permanently close nuclear power plants and is pursuing an economic revitalization agenda of fiscal stimulus and regulatory reform and has said he will press the Bank of Japan to loosen monetary policy. Measured on a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis that adjusts for price differences, Japan in 2012 stood as the fourth-largest economy in the world after second-place China, which surpassed Japan in 2001, and third-place India, which edged out Japan in 2012. The new government will continue a longstanding debate on restructuring the economy and reining in Japan's huge government debt, which exceeds 200% of GDP. Persistent deflation, reliance on exports to drive growth, and an aging and shrinking population are other major long-term challenges for the economy.
Environment > Current issues	hunting around the salt lake; note - breeding place for loggerhead and green turtles; only remaining colony of griffon vultures is on the base	air pollution from power plant emissions results in acid rain; acidification of lakes and reservoirs degrading water quality and threatening aquatic life; Japan is one of the largest consumers of fish and tropical timber, contributing to the depletion of these resources in Asia and elsewhere
Geography > Area > Comparative	about 0.7 times the size of Washington, DC	slightly smaller than California
Geography > Area > Total	123 sq km Ranked 223th.	377,915 sq km Ranked 63th. 3072 times more than Akrotiri
Geography > Climate	temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters	varies from tropical in south to cool temperate in north
Geography > Coastline	None	29,751 km Ranked 6th.
Geography > Geographic coordinates	34 37 N, 32 58 E	36 00 N, 138 00 E
Geography > Location	Eastern Mediterranean, peninsula on the southwest coast of Cyprus	Eastern Asia, island chain between the North Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan, east of the Korean Peninsula
Government > Capital city > Name	Episkopi Cantonment (base administrative center for Akrotiri and Dhekelia)	Tokyo
Government > Constitution	presented 3 August 1960, effective 16 August 1960; amended 1966 (The Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia Order in Council 1960, serves as a basic legal document)	previous 1890; latest approved 6 October 1946, adopted 3 November 1946, effective 3 May 1947
Government > Executive branch > Chief of state	Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)	Emperor AKIHITO (since 7 January 1989)
Government > Executive branch > Head of government	Administrator Air Vice Marshall Graham STACEY (since 4 November 2010)	Prime Minister Shinzo ABE (since 26 December 2012); Deputy Prime Minister Taro ASO (since 26 December 2012)
Government > Judicial branch	The Court headed by a resident judge and senior judges from the UK as needed	Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the monarch after designation by the cabinet; all other justices are appointed by the cabinet)
Government > Legal system	the Sovereign Base Area Administration has its own court system to deal with civil and criminal matters; laws applicable to the Cypriot population are, as far as possible, the same as the laws of the Republic of Cyprus	civil law system based on German model; system also reflects Anglo-American influence and Japanese traditions; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court
Language > Languages	Greek	Japanese
Government > Capital city > Geographic coordinates	34	35 41 N, 139 45 E
Media > Broadcast media	British Forces Broadcast Service (BFBS) provides multi-channel satellite TV service as well as BFBS radio broadcasts to the Akrotiri Sovereign Base	a mixture of public and commercial broadcast TV and radio stations; 6 national terrestrial TV networks including 1 public broadcaster; the large number of radio and TV stations available provide a wide range of choices; satellite and cable services provide access to international channels
Geography > Area > Comparative to US places	about 0.7 times the size of Washington, DC	slightly smaller than California
Government > Country name > Conventional long form	none	none
Media > Radio broadcast stations	AM NA, FM 1, shortwave NA (British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) provides Radio 1 and Radio 2 service to Akrotiri, Dhekelia, and Nicosia)	AM 215 (plus 370 repeaters), FM 89 (plus 485 repeaters), shortwave 21
Government > Executive branch > Elections	none; the monarchy is hereditary; the administrator appointed by the monarch	Diet, the bicameral legislature, designates the prime minister; constitution requires that the prime minister commands parliamentary majority; following legislative elections, the leader of majority party or leader of majority coalition in House of Representatives usually becomes prime minister; the monarchy is hereditary
Government > Flag description	the flag of the UK is used	white with a large red disk (representing the sun without rays) in the center

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