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Labor Stats: compare key data on Canada & United States

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Definitions

  • Agricultural workers > Male: Proportion of employed males engaged in the agricultural sector. Employment by economic activity (%) (most recent year available between 1995 and 2001). Note: As a result of a number of limitations in the data, comparisons of labour statistics over time and across countries should be made with caution. For detailed notes on the data see ILO (2002. Estimates and Projections of the Economically Active Population, 1950-2010, 4th ed., rev. 2. Database. Geneva; 2002. Key Indicators of the Labour Market 2001-2002. February 2002; and 2002. Laboursta Database. February 2002). The percentage shares of employment by economic activity may not sum to 100 because of rounding or the omission of activities not classified.
  • Employment rate > Adults: Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15 and older are generally considered the working-age population.
  • Expense > Current LCU: Expense (current LCU). Expense is cash payments for operating activities of the government in providing goods and services. It includes compensation of employees (such as wages and salaries), interest and subsidies, grants, social benefits, and other expenses such as rent and dividends.
  • Female doctors: Female doctors as % of the total - 2000.
  • GNI > Current US$: GNI (current US$). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
  • Hours worked > Standard workweek: Standard workweek (hours).
  • Labor force: The total labor force figure
  • Labor force > By occupation: Component parts of the labor force by occupation.
  • Labor force per 1000: The total labor force figure. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Labor force, total: Labor force, total. Total labor force comprises people ages 15 and older who meet the International Labour Organization definition of the economically active population: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part-time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers, but excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector.
  • Salaries and benefits > Hourly minimum wage: Hourly minimum wage at international USD (this means that discrepancies in purchasing power have been compensated for).
  • Salaries and benefits > Minimum wage: Minimum wage.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Strikes: Strikes five-year average in days not worked per 1000 employees (1996-2000)
  • Trade union membership: Union members as % of all employees. Figures are for 2000.
  • Unemployment rate: The percent of the labor force that is without jobs. Substantial underemployment might be noted.
  • GNI > Current US$ per capita: GNI (current US$). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Labor force, total per 1000: Labor force, total. Total labor force comprises people ages 15 and older who meet the International Labour Organization definition of the economically active population: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part-time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers, but excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Labor force participation > Employment to population ratio > Both sexes: Percentage of unemployed people out of total population able to work. Workers not able to work due to labor disputes, sickness and childcare do not count towards the percentage. 
  • GNI per capita > Constant LCU: GNI per capita (constant LCU). GNI per capita is gross national income divided by midyear population. GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in constant local currency.
  • Expense > Current LCU per capita: Expense (current LCU). Expense is cash payments for operating activities of the government in providing goods and services. It includes compensation of employees (such as wages and salaries), interest and subsidies, grants, social benefits, and other expenses such as rent and dividends. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Employment rate > Women: Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15 and older are generally considered the working-age population.
  • Labor force > Total: Total labor force comprises people ages 15 and older who meet the International Labour Organisation definition of the economically active population: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part-time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers, but excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector."
  • Industrial workers > Male: Proportion of employed males engaged in the industrial sector. Employment by economic activity (%) (most recent year available between 1995 and 2001). Note: As a result of a number of limitations in the data, comparisons of labour statistics over time and across countries should be made with caution. For detailed notes on the data see ILO (2002. Estimates and Projections of the Economically Active Population, 1950-2010, 4th ed., rev. 2. Database. Geneva; 2002. Key Indicators of the Labour Market 2001-2002. February 2002; and 2002. Laboursta Database. February 2002). The percentage shares of employment by economic activity may not sum to 100 because of rounding or the omission of activities not classified.
  • Employment rate > Men: Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15 and older are generally considered the working-age population.
  • Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, men: Employment-to-population ratio, men, percentage.
  • Labor force participation > Employment to population ratio > Men: Percentage of unemployed men out of total male population able to work. Men not able to work due to labor disputes, sickness and childcare do not count towards the percentage.
  • Compensation of employees > Current LCU: Compensation of employees consists of all payments in cash, as well as in kind (such as food and housing), to employees in return for services rendered, and government contributions to social insurance schemes such as social security and pensions that provide benefits to employees.
  • Unemployment > Long-term unemployment rate: Long-term unemployment refers to the number of people with continuous periods of unemployment extending for a year or longer, expressed as a percentage of the total unemployed."
  • Force > Total > Per capita: Total labor force comprises people who meet the International Labour Organization definition of the economically active population: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part-time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers, but excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
  • Force > Total: Total labor force comprises people who meet the International Labour Organization definition of the economically active population: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part-time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers, but excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector.
  • Female decision makers: Female legislators, senior officials and managers (as % of total). Data refer to the latest year available during the period 1991-2000. Those for countries that have implemented the recent International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-88) are not strictly comparable with those for countries using the previous classification (ISCO-68).
  • Agricultural workers > Female: Proportion of employed females engaged in the agricultural sector. Employment by economic activity (%) (most recent year available between 1995 and 2001). Note: As a result of a number of limitations in the data, comparisons of labour statistics over time and across countries should be made with caution. For detailed notes on the data see ILO (2002. Estimates and Projections of the Economically Active Population, 1950-2010, 4th ed., rev. 2. Database. Geneva; 2002. Key Indicators of the Labour Market 2001-2002. February 2002; and 2002. Laboursta Database. February 2002). The percentage shares of employment by economic activity may not sum to 100 because of rounding or the omission of activities not classified.
  • Employment > Percent of population are employees > Women: Number of female self-reported employees (formal or informal), expressed as a percentage of the total female employed population.
  • Employment > Employment share by sector > Industry > Men > Aged above 14: Percent employed in industry.
  • Unemployment > Youth unemployment, both sexes: Percentage of population aged 15-24 that is unemployed. 
  • Unemployment > Regional unemployment > National unemployment rate: Unemployed persons are defined as those who report that they are without work, that they are available for work and that they have taken active steps to find work in the last four weeks preceding the survey. The ILO Guidelines specify what actions count as active steps to find work and these include answering vacancy notices, visiting factories, construction sites and other places of work, and placing advertisements in the press as well as registering with labour offices.

    The unemployment rate is defined as the number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force, where the latter consists of unemployed and employed persons.

    When unemployment is high, some persons become discouraged and stop looking for work. They are then excluded from the labour force so that the unemployment rate may fall, or stop rising, even though there has been no underlying improvement in the labour market.

    The Gini index offers an accurate picture of regional disparities. It looks not only at the regions with the highest and the lowest rates of unemployment but also at the differences among all regions. The index ranges between 0 and 1: the higher its value, the larger the regional disparities. Regional disparities tend to be underestimated when the size of regions is large.

    The youth unemployment rate is defined as the ratio between the unemployed person aged between 15 and 24 and the labour force in the same age group.
  • GNI > Current LCU: GNI (current LCU). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current local currency.
  • Unemployment: Unemployed as proportion of the total labour force. Data for 2000-2002.
  • Employment > Self-employment > Self-employment rates > Women: Employment is generally measured through household labour force surveys and, according to the ILO Guidelines, employed persons are defined as those aged 15 or over who report that they have worked in gainful employment for at least one hour in the previous week.

    Self-employed persons include employers, own-account workers, members of producers’ co-operatives, and unpaid family workers. The last of these are unpaid in the sense that they do not have a formal contract to receive a fixed amount of income at regular intervals, but they share in the income generated by the enterprise; unpaid family workers are particularly important in farming and retail trade. Note that all persons who work in corporate enterprises, including company directors, are considered to be employees.

    The rates shown here are the percentages of the self-employed in total civilian employment i.e., total employment less military employees.
  • Female economic activity: Female economic activity rate (aged 15 and above) in 2000.
  • Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, women: Employment-to-population ratio, women, percentage.
  • Labor force participation > Employment to population ratio > Women: Percentage of unemployed women out of total female population able to work. Women not able to work due to labor disputes, sickness and childcare do not count towards the percentage.
  • Labor force > Per capita: The total labor force figure Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Economic activity > Both sexes aged 30-34: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
  • Days off work: Number of days not worked for every 1000 salaried employees. Selected OECD countries only. Data for 2000.
  • Industrial workers > Female: Proportion of employed females engaged in the industrial sector. Employment by economic activity (%) (most recent year available between 1995 and 2001). Note: As a result of a number of limitations in the data, comparisons of labour statistics over time and across countries should be made with caution. For detailed notes on the data see ILO (2002. Estimates and Projections of the Economically Active Population, 1950-2010, 4th ed., rev. 2. Database. Geneva; 2002. Key Indicators of the Labour Market 2001-2002. February 2002; and 2002. Laboursta Database. February 2002). The percentage shares of employment by economic activity may not sum to 100 because of rounding or the omission of activities not classified.
  • Work Time > More than 40 hours: Percentage of persons in employment working more than 40 hours/week. Data is for 2000.
  • Employment rate > Young adults: Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15-24 are generally considered the youth population.
  • Female professionals: Female professional and technical workers (as % of total)
  • Net income from abroad > Current US$: Net income from abroad (current US$). Net income includes the net labor income and net property and entrepreneurial income components of the SNA. Labor income covers compensation of employees paid to nonresident workers. Property and entrepreneurial income covers investment income from the ownership of foreign financial claims (interest, dividends, rent, etc.) and nonfinancial property income (patents, copyrights, etc.). Data are in current U.S. dollars.
  • Unemployment gender ratio: Female unemployment rate as a % of the male unemployment rate.
  • Part time employment rate > Men > Aged above 14: Percent of males over the age of 14 years who work less than 30 hours a week (either as employees or self-employed) as a percentage of all males in employment.
  • Employment > Employment rates by gender > Employment rates > Men: Employment rates are calculated as the ratio of the employed to the working age population. To calculate this employment rate, the population of working age is divided into two groups: those who are employed and those who are not. Employment is generally measured through household labour force surveys and, according to the ILO Guidelines, employed persons are defined as those aged 15 or over who report that they have worked in gainful employment for at least one hour in the previous week. Those not in employment consist of persons who are out of work but seeking employment, students and all others who have excluded themselves from the labour force for one reason or another, such as incapacity or the need to look after young children or elderly relatives.

    Working age is generally defined as persons in the 15 to 64 age bracket although in some countries working age is defined as 16 to 64.
  • Rigidity of employment index > 0=less rigid to 100=more rigid: The rigidity of employment index measures the regulation of employment, specifically the hiring and firing of workers and the rigidity of working hours. This index is the average of three subindexes: a difficulty of hiring index, a rigidity of hours index, and a difficulty of firing index. The index ranges from 0 to 100, with higher values indicating more rigid regulations."
  • Employment > Percent of population are employees > Men: Number of male self-reported employees (formal or informal), expressed as a percentage of the total male employed population.
  • Employment > Employment share by sector > Agriculture > Men > Aged above 14: Percent employed in agriculture.
  • Service workers > Male: Proportion of employed males engaged in the service sector. Employment by economic activity (%) (most recent year available between 1995 and 2001). Note: As a result of a number of limitations in the data, comparisons of labour statistics over time and across countries should be made with caution. For detailed notes on the data see ILO (2002. Estimates and Projections of the Economically Active Population, 1950-2010, 4th ed., rev. 2. Database. Geneva; 2002. Key Indicators of the Labour Market 2001-2002. February 2002; and 2002. Laboursta Database. February 2002). The percentage shares of employment by economic activity may not sum to 100 because of rounding or the omission of activities not classified.
  • Female economic activity growth: The % change in the female economic activity rate (aged 15 and above) from 1990 to 2000.
  • Employment rate > Young men: Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15-24 are generally considered the youth population.
  • Employment rate > Young women: Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15-24 are generally considered the youth population.
  • Unemployment > Unemployment rates > Unemployment rates > Total: Unemployed persons are defined as those who report that they are without work, that they are available for work and that they have taken active steps to find work in the last four weeks. The ILO Guidelines specify what actions count as active steps to find work and these include answering vacancy notices, visiting factories, construction sites and other places of work, and placing advertisements in the press as well as registering with labour offices.

    The unemployment rate is defined as the number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force, where the latter consists of the unemployed plus those in employment, which are defined as persons who have worked for one hour or more in the last week.

    When unemployment is high, some persons become discouraged and stop looking for work. They are then excluded from the labour force so that the unemployment rate may fall, or stop rising, even though there has been no underlying improvement in the labour market.
  • Hours worked: Number of hours worked in 2003; average of all people in employment. Note that different nations use very different practices and definitions in this data field, so comparisons such as this table are tentative at best.
  • Economic activity > Both sexes aged 65 plus: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
  • Employment > Self-employment > Self-employment rates > Total: Employment is generally measured through household labour force surveys and, according to the ILO Guidelines, employed persons are defined as those aged 15 or over who report that they have worked in gainful employment for at least one hour in the previous week.

    Self-employed persons include employers, own-account workers, members of producers’ co-operatives, and unpaid family workers. The last of these are unpaid in the sense that they do not have a formal contract to receive a fixed amount of income at regular intervals, but they share in the income generated by the enterprise; unpaid family workers are particularly important in farming and retail trade. Note that all persons who work in corporate enterprises, including company directors, are considered to be employees.

    The rates shown here are the percentages of the self-employed in total civilian employment i.e., total employment less military employees.
  • GDP per person employed > Constant 1990 PPP $: GDP per person employed is gross domestic product (GDP) divided by total employment in the economy. Purchasing power parity (PPP) GDP is GDP converted to 1990 constant international dollars using PPP rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP that a U.S. dollar has in the United States.
  • GNI > Constant LCU: GNI (constant LCU). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in constant local currency.
  • GNI per capita > Constant 2000 US$: GNI per capita (constant 2000 US$). GNI per capita is gross national income divided by midyear population. GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars.
  • GNI > Constant LCU per capita: GNI (constant LCU). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in constant local currency. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Service workers > Female: Proportion of employed females engaged in the service sector. Employment by economic activity (%) (most recent year available between 1995 and 2001). Note: As a result of a number of limitations in the data, comparisons of labour statistics over time and across countries should be made with caution. For detailed notes on the data see ILO (2002. Estimates and Projections of the Economically Active Population, 1950-2010, 4th ed., rev. 2. Database. Geneva; 2002. Key Indicators of the Labour Market 2001-2002. February 2002; and 2002. Laboursta Database. February 2002). The percentage shares of employment by economic activity may not sum to 100 because of rounding or the omission of activities not classified.
  • Long term unemployment: Long term unemployment as a % of labour force, 2000. Long term implies 12 months or longer.
  • Part time employment rate > Women > Aged above 14: Percent of females over the age of 14 years who work less than 30 hours a week (either as employees or self-employed) as a percentage of all females in employment.
  • Employment > Employment share by sector > Agriculture > Women > Aged above 14: Percent employed in agriculture.
  • Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, men aged above 14: Employment-to-population ratio.
  • Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, women aged above 14: Employment-to-population ratio.
  • Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, women aged 15 to 24: Employment-to-population ratio.
  • Unemployment > Youth unemployment, male: Percentage of male population aged 15-24 that is unemployed. 
  • Gender division of housework: Gender Division of Labour Index, 1994 Range = 1.00 (female does all) through 2.50 (equality) to 5.00 (male does all).
  • Economic activity > Both sexes aged 45-49: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
  • Unemployment > Regional unemployment > National unemployment rate per million: Unemployed persons are defined as those who report that they are without work, that they are available for work and that they have taken active steps to find work in the last four weeks preceding the survey. The ILO Guidelines specify what actions count as active steps to find work and these include answering vacancy notices, visiting factories, construction sites and other places of work, and placing advertisements in the press as well as registering with labour offices.

    The unemployment rate is defined as the number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force, where the latter consists of unemployed and employed persons.

    When unemployment is high, some persons become discouraged and stop looking for work. They are then excluded from the labour force so that the unemployment rate may fall, or stop rising, even though there has been no underlying improvement in the labour market.

    The Gini index offers an accurate picture of regional disparities. It looks not only at the regions with the highest and the lowest rates of unemployment but also at the differences among all regions. The index ranges between 0 and 1: the higher its value, the larger the regional disparities. Regional disparities tend to be underestimated when the size of regions is large.

    The youth unemployment rate is defined as the ratio between the unemployed person aged between 15 and 24 and the labour force in the same age group. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Unemployment > Long-term unemployment > Long-term unemployment: Long-term unemployment is conventionally defined either as those unemployed for 6 months or more or, as here, those unemployed for 12 months or more. The ratios calculated here show the proportion of these long-term unemployed among all unemployed.

    Unemployment is defined in most OECD countries in accordance with the ILO Guidelines. Unemployment is usually measured by household labour force surveys and the unemployed are defined as those persons who report that they have worked in gainful employment for less than one hour in the previous week, who are available for work and who have taken actions to seek employment in the previous four weeks. The ILO Guidelines specify the kinds of actions that count as seeking work.
  • Foreign labor force: Foreign labour force 2000
  • Total work time > Males: Total work time (minutes per day)
  • Employment > Employment share by sector > Industry > Women > Aged above 14: Percent employed in industry.
  • Employment > Employment share by sector > Services > Men > Aged above 14: Percent employed in services.
  • Working time to buy > A car: Hours worked by average worker to buy a car. Indicative of the purchasing power of the currency of the country.
  • Work time > Market-oriented: Classification of market and non-market activities are not strictly based on the 1993 revised UN System of National Accounts, so comparisons between countries and areas must be made with caution.
  • Total work time > Females: Total work time (minutes per day)
  • Working time to buy > Chicken: Number of minutes worked by average worker to buy one kilo of chicken. The comparison of income levels only becomes meaningful if the cost of buying the necessities and luxuries of life is also considered.
  • Economic activity > Men aged 20-24: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
  • Economic activity > Men aged 15-19: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
  • Working time to buy > Milk: Number of minutes worked by average worker to buy 1 litre of milk.
  • Economic activity > Men aged 35-39: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
  • Economic activity > Both sexes aged 15-19: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
  • Economic activity > Women aged 40-44: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
  • Total work time > Females over males: Female total work time as a % of male total work time
  • Unemployment and education > Tertiary: Unemployment rates among people of all ages who are educated to tertiary levels. Data is for 2000.
  • Employment rate of highly educated women: Employment rate of women aged 25-54, 2000, who are educated upto or more than tertiary level.
  • Researchers in labor force: Number of researchers per 10000 in the labour force (1999).
  • Work time > Non-market-oriented: Classification of market and non-market activities are not strictly based on the 1993 revised UN System of National Accounts, so comparisons between countries and areas must be made with caution.
  • Net income from abroad > Constant LCU per million: Net income from abroad (constant LCU). Net income includes the net labor income and net property and entrepreneurial income components of the SNA. Labor income covers compensation of employees paid to nonresident workers. Property and entrepreneurial income covers investment income from the ownership of foreign financial claims (interest, dividends, rent, etc.) and nonfinancial property income (patents, copyrights, etc.). Data are in constant local currency. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, men aged 15 to 24: Employment-to-population ratio.
  • Unemployment, youth female > % of female labor force ages 15-24: Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15-24). Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
  • Long-term unemployment, male > % of male unemployment: Long-term unemployment, male (% of male unemployment). Long-term unemployment refers to the number of people with continuous periods of unemployment extending for a year or longer, expressed as a percentage of the total unemployed.
  • Unemployment, female > % of female labor force: Unemployment, female (% of female labor force). Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
  • Economic activity > Men aged 65 plus: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
  • Unemployment > Youth male > % of male labor force ages 15-24: Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
  • Economic activity > Men aged 25-29: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
  • Economic activity > Both sexes aged 35-39: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
  • Economic activity > Women aged 60-64: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
  • Economic activity > Women aged 35-39: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
  • Unemployment > Regional unemployment > Range in regional unemployment rate > Small regions > Maximum: Unemployed persons are defined as those who report that they are without work, that they are available for work and that they have taken active steps to find work in the last four weeks preceding the survey. The ILO Guidelines specify what actions count as active steps to find work and these include answering vacancy notices, visiting factories, construction sites and other places of work, and placing advertisements in the press as well as registering with labour offices.

    The unemployment rate is defined as the number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force, where the latter consists of unemployed and employed persons.

    When unemployment is high, some persons become discouraged and stop looking for work. They are then excluded from the labour force so that the unemployment rate may fall, or stop rising, even though there has been no underlying improvement in the labour market.

    The Gini index offers an accurate picture of regional disparities. It looks not only at the regions with the highest and the lowest rates of unemployment but also at the differences among all regions. The index ranges between 0 and 1: the higher its value, the larger the regional disparities. Regional disparities tend to be underestimated when the size of regions is large.

    The youth unemployment rate is defined as the ratio between the unemployed person aged between 15 and 24 and the labour force in the same age group.
  • Unemployment > Regional unemployment > Range in regional unemployment rate > Small regions > Minimum: Unemployed persons are defined as those who report that they are without work, that they are available for work and that they have taken active steps to find work in the last four weeks preceding the survey. The ILO Guidelines specify what actions count as active steps to find work and these include answering vacancy notices, visiting factories, construction sites and other places of work, and placing advertisements in the press as well as registering with labour offices.

    The unemployment rate is defined as the number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force, where the latter consists of unemployed and employed persons.

    When unemployment is high, some persons become discouraged and stop looking for work. They are then excluded from the labour force so that the unemployment rate may fall, or stop rising, even though there has been no underlying improvement in the labour market.

    The Gini index offers an accurate picture of regional disparities. It looks not only at the regions with the highest and the lowest rates of unemployment but also at the differences among all regions. The index ranges between 0 and 1: the higher its value, the larger the regional disparities. Regional disparities tend to be underestimated when the size of regions is large.

    The youth unemployment rate is defined as the ratio between the unemployed person aged between 15 and 24 and the labour force in the same age group.
  • Unemployment with tertiary education > Female > % of female unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
  • Unemployment > Unemployment with tertiary education > Male > % of male unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organisation (UNESCO)."
  • Economic activity > Women aged 20-24: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
  • Economic activity > Women aged 65 plus: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
  • Economic activity > Both sexes aged 60-64: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
  • Employment in industry > % of total employment: Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Industry corresponds to divisions 2-5 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories C-F (ISIC revision 3) and includes mining and quarrying (including oil production), manufacturing, construction, and public utilities (electricity, gas, and water)."
  • Personal remittances, received > % of GDP: Personal remittances, received (% of GDP). Personal remittances comprise personal transfers and compensation of employees. Personal transfers consist of all current transfers in cash or in kind made or received by resident households to or from nonresident households. Personal transfers thus include all current transfers between resident and nonresident individuals. Compensation of employees refers to the income of border, seasonal, and other short-term workers who are employed in an economy where they are not resident and of residents employed by nonresident entities. Data are the sum of two items defined in the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual: personal transfers and compensation of employees.
  • Unemployment > Long-term unemployment > Long-term unemployment per million: Long-term unemployment is conventionally defined either as those unemployed for 6 months or more or, as here, those unemployed for 12 months or more. The ratios calculated here show the proportion of these long-term unemployed among all unemployed.

    Unemployment is defined in most OECD countries in accordance with the ILO Guidelines. Unemployment is usually measured by household labour force surveys and the unemployed are defined as those persons who report that they have worked in gainful employment for less than one hour in the previous week, who are available for work and who have taken actions to seek employment in the previous four weeks. The ILO Guidelines specify the kinds of actions that count as seeking work. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Unemployment > Regional unemployment > Gini index of regional unemployment rates > Small regions: Unemployed persons are defined as those who report that they are without work, that they are available for work and that they have taken active steps to find work in the last four weeks preceding the survey. The ILO Guidelines specify what actions count as active steps to find work and these include answering vacancy notices, visiting factories, construction sites and other places of work, and placing advertisements in the press as well as registering with labour offices.

    The unemployment rate is defined as the number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force, where the latter consists of unemployed and employed persons.

    When unemployment is high, some persons become discouraged and stop looking for work. They are then excluded from the labour force so that the unemployment rate may fall, or stop rising, even though there has been no underlying improvement in the labour market.

    The Gini index offers an accurate picture of regional disparities. It looks not only at the regions with the highest and the lowest rates of unemployment but also at the differences among all regions. The index ranges between 0 and 1: the higher its value, the larger the regional disparities. Regional disparities tend to be underestimated when the size of regions is large.

    The youth unemployment rate is defined as the ratio between the unemployed person aged between 15 and 24 and the labour force in the same age group.
  • Unemployment > Unemployment > Total > % of total labor force: Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
  • Labor force > Female > % of total labor force: Female labor force as a percentage of the total show the extent to which women are active in the labor force. Labor force comprises people ages 15 and older who meet the International Labour Organisation's definition of the economically active population.
  • Share of women employed in the nonagricultural sector > % of total nonagricultural employment: Share of women employed in the nonagricultural sector is the share of female workers in the nonagricultural sector (industry and services), expressed as a percentage of total employment in the nonagricultural sector. Industry includes mining and quarrying (including oil production), manufacturing, construction, electricity, gas, and water, corresponding to divisions 2-5 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories C-F (ISIC revision 3). Services include wholesale and retail trade and restaurants and hotels; transport, storage, and communications; financing, insurance, real estate, and business services; and community, social, and personal services-corresponding to divisions 6-9 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories G-P (ISIC revision 3)."
  • Economic activity > Men aged 30-34: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
  • Employment > Employment share by sector > Services > Women > Aged above 14: Percent employed in services.
  • Unemployment > Youth unemployment, female: Percentage of female population aged 15-24 that is unemployed.
  • Employment > Underemployment > Working less than 20 hours per week > Women > Aged above 14: Percentage of females above the age of 14 in employment, who work less than 20 hours/week.
  • Employment > Underemployment > Working less than 20 hours per week > Men > Aged above 14: Percentage of males above the age of 14 in employment, who work less than 20 hours/week.
  • Part time > Part time employment rate > Women: Percentage of country's females over the age of 15 that are employed only part-time.
  • Part time > Part time employment rate > Men: Percentage of country's males over the age of 15 that are employed only part-time.
  • GNI > Current US$, % of GDP: GNI (current US$). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
  • Economic activity > Men aged 40-44: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
  • Unemployment > Unemployment rates > Unemployment rates > Total per million: Unemployed persons are defined as those who report that they are without work, that they are available for work and that they have taken active steps to find work in the last four weeks. The ILO Guidelines specify what actions count as active steps to find work and these include answering vacancy notices, visiting factories, construction sites and other places of work, and placing advertisements in the press as well as registering with labour offices.

    The unemployment rate is defined as the number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force, where the latter consists of the unemployed plus those in employment, which are defined as persons who have worked for one hour or more in the last week.

    When unemployment is high, some persons become discouraged and stop looking for work. They are then excluded from the labour force so that the unemployment rate may fall, or stop rising, even though there has been no underlying improvement in the labour market. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Economic activity > Men aged 45-49: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
  • Economic activity > Men aged 55-59: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
  • Economic activity > Men aged 60-64: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
  • Economic activity > Women aged 25-29: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
  • Employees, agriculture, female > % of female employment: Employees, agriculture, female (% of female employment). Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Agriculture corresponds to division 1 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories A and B (ISIC revision 3) and includes hunting, forestry, and fishing.
  • Employment > Working more than 40 hours per week > Men > Aged above 14: Percentage of males above the age of 14 in employment, who work more than 40 hours per week.
  • Economic activity > Women aged 45-49: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
  • Force with tertiary education > % of total: Labor force with tertiary education is the proportion of labor force that has a tertiary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
  • Force participation rate > Total > % of total population ages 15-64: Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the population ages 15-64 that is economically active: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.
  • Employees, agriculture, male > % of male employment: Employees, agriculture, male (% of male employment). Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Agriculture corresponds to division 1 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories A and B (ISIC revision 3) and includes hunting, forestry, and fishing.
  • Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, total > %: Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, total (%). Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15-24 are generally considered the youth population.
  • Force participation rate > Male > % of male population ages 15-64: Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the population ages 15-64 that is economically active: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.
  • Wage and salaried workers, total > % of total employed: Wage and salaried workers, total (% of total employed). Wage and salaried workers (employees) are those workers who hold the type of jobs defined as "paid employment jobs," where the incumbents hold explicit (written or oral) or implicit employment contracts that give them a basic remuneration that is not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work.
  • Employees, industry, female > % of female employment: Employees, industry, female (% of female employment). Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Industry corresponds to divisions 2-5 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories C-F (ISIC revision 3) and includes mining and quarrying (including oil production), manufacturing, construction, and public utilities (electricity, gas, and water).
  • Employees, industry, male > % of male employment: Employees, industry, male (% of male employment). Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Industry corresponds to divisions 2-5 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories C-F (ISIC revision 3) and includes mining and quarrying (including oil production), manufacturing, construction, and public utilities (electricity, gas, and water).
  • Employees, services, female > % of female employment: Employees, services, female (% of female employment). Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Services correspond to divisions 6-9 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories G-P (ISIC revision 3) and include wholesale and retail trade and restaurants and hotels; transport, storage, and communications; financing, insurance, real estate, and business services; and community, social, and personal services.
  • Employees, services, male > % of male employment: Employees, services, male (% of male employment). Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Services correspond to divisions 6-9 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories G-P (ISIC revision 3) and include wholesale and retail trade and restaurants and hotels; transport, storage, and communications; financing, insurance, real estate, and business services; and community, social, and personal services.
  • Part time employment, female > % of total part time employment: Part time employment, female (% of total part time employment). Part time employment refers to regular employment in which working time is substantially less than normal. Definitions of part time employment differ by country.
  • Unemployment, male > % of male labor force: Unemployment, male (% of male labor force). Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
  • Unemployment, total > % of total labor force: Unemployment, total (% of total labor force). Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
  • Force > Total per 1000: Total labor force comprises people who meet the International Labour Organization definition of the economically active population: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part-time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers, but excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Labor force with secondary education > Male > % of male labor force: Labor force with secondary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a secondary education, as a percentage of the total labor force."
  • Labor force with primary education > Female > % of female labor force: Labor force with primary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a primary education, as a percentage of the total labor force."
  • Labor force with primary education > % of total: Labor force with primary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a primary education, as a percentage of the total labor force."
  • Labor force with secondary education > % of total: Labor force with secondary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a secondary education, as a percentage of the total labor force."
  • Labor force with primary education > Male > % of male labor force: Labor force with primary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a primary education, as a percentage of the total labor force."
  • Labor force with secondary education > Female > % of female labor force: Labor force with secondary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a secondary education, as a percentage of the total labor force."
  • Labor force with tertiary education > % of total: Labor force with tertiary education is the proportion of labor force that has a tertiary education, as a percentage of the total labor force."
  • Working time to buy > Beef: Number of minutes worked by average worker to buy one kilo of beef. The comparison of income levels only becomes meaningful if the cost of buying the necessities and luxuries of life is also considered.
  • Unemployment benefit as % of GDP: Expenditure on unemployment benefits as % of GDP (Year 1998).
  • Employment in agriculture > % of total employment: Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Agriculture corresponds to division 1 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories A and B (ISIC revision 3) and includes hunting, forestry, and fishing."
  • Employment in services > % of total employment: Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Services correspond to divisions 6-9 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories G-P (ISIC revision 3) and include wholesale and retail trade and restaurants and hotels; transport, storage, and communications; financing, insurance, real estate, and business services; and community, social, and personal services."
  • Labor participation rate > Total > % of total population ages 15+: Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the population ages 15 and older that is economically active: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.
  • Unemployment > Unemployment with tertiary education > % of total unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organisation (UNESCO)."
  • Unemployment > Unemployment with primary education > Male > % of male unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organisation (UNESCO)."
  • Unemployment > Unemployment with secondary education > Female > % of female unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organisation (UNESCO)."
  • Unemployment > Long-term unemployment rate > Female: Long-term unemployment refers to the number of people with continuous periods of unemployment extending for a year or longer, expressed as a percentage of the total unemployed."
  • Unemployment > Unemployment with primary education > Female > % of female unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organisation (UNESCO)."
  • Unemployment > Unemployment with tertiary education > Female > % of female unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organisation (UNESCO)."
  • Unemployment > Unemployment > Youth female > % of female labor force ages 15-24: Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
  • Unemployment > Unemployment > Youth total > % of total labor force ages 15-24: Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
  • Unemployment > Unemployment > Youth male > % of male labor force ages 15-24: Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
  • Steel industry jobs: Employment in the steel industry. Figures in thousand jobs.
  • Working time to buy > Bread: Number of minutes worked by average worker to buy bread.
  • Net income from abroad > Current US$, % of GDP: Net income from abroad (current US$). Net income includes the net labor income and net property and entrepreneurial income components of the SNA. Labor income covers compensation of employees paid to nonresident workers. Property and entrepreneurial income covers investment income from the ownership of foreign financial claims (interest, dividends, rent, etc.) and nonfinancial property income (patents, copyrights, etc.). Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
  • GNI growth > Annual %: GNI growth (annual %). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad.
  • GNI per capita > Current LCU: GNI per capita (current LCU). GNI per capita is gross national income divided by midyear population. GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current local currency.
  • Net income from abroad > Constant LCU: Net income from abroad (constant LCU). Net income includes the net labor income and net property and entrepreneurial income components of the SNA. Labor income covers compensation of employees paid to nonresident workers. Property and entrepreneurial income covers investment income from the ownership of foreign financial claims (interest, dividends, rent, etc.) and nonfinancial property income (patents, copyrights, etc.). Data are in constant local currency.
  • Part time employment, male > % of total male employment: Part time employment, male (% of total male employment). Part time employment refers to regular employment in which working time is substantially less than normal. Definitions of part time employment differ by country.
  • Part time employment, total > % of total employment: Part time employment, total (% of total employment). Part time employment refers to regular employment in which working time is substantially less than normal. Definitions of part time employment differ by country.
  • Unemployment > Male > % of male labor force: Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
  • Force with secondary education > % of total: Labor force with secondary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a secondary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
  • Long-term unemployment > Male > % of male unemployment: Long-term unemployment refers to the number of people with continuous periods of unemployment extending for a year or longer, expressed as a percentage of the total unemployed.
  • Compensation of employees > % of expense: Compensation of employees consists of all payments in cash, as well as in kind (such as food and housing), to employees in return for services rendered, and government contributions to social insurance schemes such as social security and pensions that provide benefits to employees.
  • Unemployment > Youth total > % of total labor force ages 15-24: Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
  • Force > Female > % of total labor force: Female labor force as a percentage of the total show the extent to which women are active in the labor force. Labor force comprises all people who meet the International Labour Organization's definition of the economically active population.
  • Employment > Employment rates by gender > Employment rates > Men per million: Employment rates are calculated as the ratio of the employed to the working age population. To calculate this employment rate, the population of working age is divided into two groups: those who are employed and those who are not. Employment is generally measured through household labour force surveys and, according to the ILO Guidelines, employed persons are defined as those aged 15 or over who report that they have worked in gainful employment for at least one hour in the previous week. Those not in employment consist of persons who are out of work but seeking employment, students and all others who have excluded themselves from the labour force for one reason or another, such as incapacity or the need to look after young children or elderly relatives.

    Working age is generally defined as persons in the 15 to 64 age bracket although in some countries working age is defined as 16 to 64. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Employment > Part-time employment > Incidence of part-time employment per million: Part-time employment refers to persons who usually work less than 30 hours per week in their main job. Both employees and the self-employed may be part-time workers.

    Employment is generally measured through household labour force surveys and, according to the ILO Guidelines, employed persons are defined as those aged 15 or over who report that they have worked in gainful employment for at least one hour in the previous week. The rates shown here refer to the numbers of persons who usually work less than 30 hours per week as a percentage of the total number of those in employment. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Employees > Industry > Female > % of female employment: Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Industry corresponds to divisions 2-5 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories C-F (ISIC revision 3) and includes mining and quarrying (including oil production), manufacturing, construction, and public utilities (electricity, gas, and water)."
  • Employment > Self-employment > Self-employment rates > Total per million: Employment is generally measured through household labour force surveys and, according to the ILO Guidelines, employed persons are defined as those aged 15 or over who report that they have worked in gainful employment for at least one hour in the previous week.

    Self-employed persons include employers, own-account workers, members of producers’ co-operatives, and unpaid family workers. The last of these are unpaid in the sense that they do not have a formal contract to receive a fixed amount of income at regular intervals, but they share in the income generated by the enterprise; unpaid family workers are particularly important in farming and retail trade. Note that all persons who work in corporate enterprises, including company directors, are considered to be employees.

    The rates shown here are the percentages of the self-employed in total civilian employment i.e., total employment less military employees. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Employment > Self-employment > Self-employment rates > Women per million: Employment is generally measured through household labour force surveys and, according to the ILO Guidelines, employed persons are defined as those aged 15 or over who report that they have worked in gainful employment for at least one hour in the previous week.

    Self-employed persons include employers, own-account workers, members of producers’ co-operatives, and unpaid family workers. The last of these are unpaid in the sense that they do not have a formal contract to receive a fixed amount of income at regular intervals, but they share in the income generated by the enterprise; unpaid family workers are particularly important in farming and retail trade. Note that all persons who work in corporate enterprises, including company directors, are considered to be employees.

    The rates shown here are the percentages of the self-employed in total civilian employment i.e., total employment less military employees. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Unemployment with tertiary education > % of total unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
  • Economic activity > Both sexes aged 20-24: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
  • Economic activity > Both sexes aged 25-29: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
  • Unemployment with tertiary education > Male > % of male unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
  • Economic activity > Women aged 30-34: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
  • Net income from abroad > Current US$ per million: Net income from abroad (current US$). Net income includes the net labor income and net property and entrepreneurial income components of the SNA. Labor income covers compensation of employees paid to nonresident workers. Property and entrepreneurial income covers investment income from the ownership of foreign financial claims (interest, dividends, rent, etc.) and nonfinancial property income (patents, copyrights, etc.). Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Net income from abroad > Current LCU: Net income from abroad (current LCU). Net income includes the net labor income and net property and entrepreneurial income components of the SNA. Labor income covers compensation of employees paid to nonresident workers. Property and entrepreneurial income covers investment income from the ownership of foreign financial claims (interest, dividends, rent, etc.) and nonfinancial property income (patents, copyrights, etc.). Data are in current local currency.
  • Employees > Agriculture > Male > % of male employment: Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Agriculture corresponds to division 1 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories A and B (ISIC revision 3) and includes hunting, forestry, and fishing."
  • Employment rate of lesser educated women: Employment rate of women aged 25-54, 2000, who are educated lesser than upper secondary level.
  • Unemployment > Female > % of female labor force: Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
  • Long-term unemployment > Female > % of female unemployment: Long-term unemployment refers to the number of people with continuous periods of unemployment extending for a year or longer, expressed as a percentage of the total unemployed.
  • Unemployment and education > Upper secondary: Unemployment rates among people of all ages who are educated upto Upper Secondary levels. Data is for 2000.
  • Long-term unemployment > % of total unemployment: Long-term unemployment refers to the number of people with continuous periods of unemployment extending for a year or longer, expressed as a percentage of the total unemployed.
  • Unemployment with secondary education > Female > % of female unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
  • Force participation rate > Female > % of female population ages 15-64: Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the population ages 15-64 that is economically active: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.
  • Unemployment > Youth female > % of female labor force ages 15-24: Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
  • Economic activity > Both sexes aged 40-44: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
  • Economic activity > Women aged 50-54: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
  • Economic activity > Women aged 55-59: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
  • Unemployment with secondary education > Male > % of male unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
  • Net income from abroad > Current LCU per million: Net income from abroad (current LCU). Net income includes the net labor income and net property and entrepreneurial income components of the SNA. Labor income covers compensation of employees paid to nonresident workers. Property and entrepreneurial income covers investment income from the ownership of foreign financial claims (interest, dividends, rent, etc.) and nonfinancial property income (patents, copyrights, etc.). Data are in current local currency. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Long term unemployment > Share: Percentage share of unemployment that lasts longer than 12 months. Data for 2001.
  • Steel industry jobs per million: Employment in the steel industry. Figures in thousand jobs. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Economic activity > Women aged 15-19: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
  • Employment > Part-time employment > Incidence of part-time employment: Part-time employment refers to persons who usually work less than 30 hours per week in their main job. Both employees and the self-employed may be part-time workers.

    Employment is generally measured through household labour force surveys and, according to the ILO Guidelines, employed persons are defined as those aged 15 or over who report that they have worked in gainful employment for at least one hour in the previous week. The rates shown here refer to the numbers of persons who usually work less than 30 hours per week as a percentage of the total number of those in employment.
  • Unemployment > Unemployed youths per unemployed adult > Women > Aged 15 to 24: Ratio of youth unemployment rate to adult unemployment rate.
  • Unemployment > Unemployed youths per unemployed adult > Men > Aged 15 to 24: Ratio of youth unemployment rate to adult unemployment rate.
  • Employment > Working more than 40 hours per week > Women > Aged above 14: Percentage of females above the age of 14 in employment, who work more than 40 hours per week.
  • GNI > Current LCU per capita: GNI (current LCU). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current local currency. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Expense > % of GDP: Expense (% of GDP). Expense is cash payments for operating activities of the government in providing goods and services. It includes compensation of employees (such as wages and salaries), interest and subsidies, grants, social benefits, and other expenses such as rent and dividends.
  • Subsidies and other transfers > % of expense: Subsidies and other transfers (% of expense). Subsidies, grants, and other social benefits include all unrequited, nonrepayable transfers on current account to private and public enterprises; grants to foreign governments, international organizations, and other government units; and social security, social assistance benefits, and employer social benefits in cash and in kind.
  • Economic activity > Both sexes aged 50-54: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
  • Economic activity > Men aged 50-54: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
  • Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, male > %: Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, male (%). Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15-24 are generally considered the youth population.
  • Employment to population ratio, 15+, female > %: Employment to population ratio, 15+, female (%). Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15 and older are generally considered the working-age population.
  • Economic activity > Both sexes aged 55-59: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
  • Self-employed, female > % of females employed: Self-employed, female (% of females employed). Self employed workers are those workers who, working on their own account or with one or a few partners or in cooperative, hold the type of jobs defined as a "self-employment jobs" (i.e. jobs where the remuneration is directly dependent upon the profits derived from the goods and services produced). Self employed workers include three subcategories: employers, own-account workers, and members of producers' cooperatives.
  • Self-employed, male > % of males employed: Self-employed, male (% of males employed). Self employed workers are those workers who, working on their own account or with one or a few partners or in cooperative, hold the type of jobs defined as a "self-employment jobs" (i.e. jobs where the remuneration is directly dependent upon the profits derived from the goods and services produced). Self employed workers include three subcategories: employers, own-account workers, and members of producers' cooperatives.
  • Self-employed, total > % of total employed: Self-employed, total (% of total employed). Self employed workers are those workers who, working on their own account or with one or a few partners or in cooperative, hold the type of jobs defined as a "self-employment jobs" (i.e. jobs where the remuneration is directly dependent upon the profits derived from the goods and services produced). Self employed workers include three subcategories: employers, own-account workers, and members of producers' cooperatives.
  • Employment to population ratio, 15+, male > %: Employment to population ratio, 15+, male (%). Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15 and older are generally considered the working-age population.
  • Employment to population ratio, 15+, total > %: Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%). Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15 and older are generally considered the working-age population.
  • Wage and salaried workers, female > % of females employed: Wage and salaried workers, female (% of females employed). Wage and salaried workers (employees) are those workers who hold the type of jobs defined as "paid employment jobs," where the incumbents hold explicit (written or oral) or implicit employment contracts that give them a basic remuneration that is not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work.
  • Wage and salary workers, male > % of males employed: Wage and salary workers, male (% of males employed). Wage and salaried workers (employees) are those workers who hold the type of jobs defined as "paid employment jobs," where the incumbents hold explicit (written or oral) or implicit employment contracts that give them a basic remuneration that is not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work.
  • Contributing family workers, female > % of females employed: Contributing family workers, female (% of females employed). Contributing family workers are those workers who hold u2018self-employment jobsu2019 as own-account workers in a market-oriented establishment operated by a related person living in the same household.
  • Contributing family workers, male > % of males employed: Contributing family workers, male (% of males employed). Contributing family workers are those workers who hold "self-employment jobs" as own-account workers in a market-oriented establishment operated by a related person living in the same household.
  • Contributing family workers, total > % of total employed: Contributing family workers, total (% of total employed). Contributing family workers are those workers who hold "self-employment jobs" as own-account workers in a market-oriented establishment operated by a related person living in the same household.
  • Unemployment, youth male > % of male labor force ages 15-24: Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15-24). Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
  • Unemployment, youth total > % of total labor force ages 15-24: Unemployment, youth total (% of total labor force ages 15-24). Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
  • Long-term unemployment, female > % of female unemployment: Long-term unemployment, female (% of female unemployment). Long-term unemployment refers to the number of people with continuous periods of unemployment extending for a year or longer, expressed as a percentage of the total unemployed.
  • Force with primary education > % of total: Labor force with primary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a primary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
  • Employees > Services > Female > % of female employment: Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Services correspond to divisions 6-9 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories G-P (ISIC revision 3) and include wholesale and retail trade and restaurants and hotels; transport, storage, and communications; financing, insurance, real estate, and business services; and community, social, and personal services."
  • Unemployment > Total > % of total labor force: Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
  • Employees > Agriculture > Female > % of female employment: Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Agriculture corresponds to division 1 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories A and B (ISIC revision 3) and includes hunting, forestry, and fishing."
STAT Canada United States HISTORY
Agricultural workers > Male 5%
Ranked 62nd. 25% more than United States
4%
Ranked 69th.
Employment rate > Adults 61.2
Ranked 61st. 3% more than United States
59.2
Ranked 74th.

Expense > Current LCU 317.53 billion
Ranked 50th.
3.92 trillion
Ranked 18th. 12 times more than Canada

Female doctors 31.1%
Ranked 11th. 35% more than United States
23.1%
Ranked 17th.
GNI > Current US$ $1.82 trillion
Ranked 12th.
$16.51 trillion
Ranked 2nd. 9 times more than Canada

Hours worked > Standard workweek 44 hours
Ranked 77th. 10% more than United States
40 hours
Ranked 108th.
Labor force 18.59 million
Ranked 29th.
154.9 million
Ranked 4th. 8 times more than Canada

Labor force > By occupation agriculture 2%, manufacturing 13%, construction 6%, services 76%, other 3% farming, forestry, and fishing 0.7%, manufacturing, extraction, transportation, and crafts 22.9%, managerial, professional, and technical 34.9%, sales and office 25%, other services 16.5%; <i>note:</i> figures exclude the unemployed
Labor force per 1000 544.74
Ranked 15th. 9% more than United States
500.77
Ranked 33th.

Labor force, total 19.34 million
Ranked 31st.
158.69 million
Ranked 4th. 8 times more than Canada

Salaries and benefits > Hourly minimum wage $7.71
Ranked 11th. 6% more than United States
$7.25
Ranked 13th.
Salaries and benefits > Minimum wage The minimum wage in Canada is set by each province and territory; ranges from C$ 9.95 to C$11.00 per hour. The federal minimum wage in the United States is US$ 7.25 per hour. States may also set a minimum, in which case the higher of the two is controlling; some territories are exempt and have lower rates.
Strikes 217
Ranked 3rd. 4 times more than United States
60
Ranked 11th.
Trade union membership 30%
Ranked 9th. 2 times more than United States
13%
Ranked 17th.
Unemployment rate 8%
Ranked 45th.
9.7%
Ranked 31st. 21% more than Canada

GNI > Current US$ per capita $52,218.99
Ranked 9th.
$52,608.35
Ranked 8th. 1% more than Canada

Labor force, total per 1000 554.5
Ranked 17th. 10% more than United States
505.51
Ranked 51st.

Labor force participation > Employment to population ratio > Both sexes 61.8%
Ranked 18th. 6% more than United States
58.4%
Ranked 34th.

GNI per capita > Constant LCU 43,613.83
Ranked 48th.
46,084.41
Ranked 47th. 6% more than Canada

Expense > Current LCU per capita 9,207.96
Ranked 68th.
12,566.94
Ranked 57th. 36% more than Canada

Employment rate > Women 56.4
Ranked 35th. 7% more than United States
52.9
Ranked 50th.

Labor force > Total 18.66 million
Ranked 29th.
158.37 million
Ranked 4th. 8 times more than Canada

Industrial workers > Male 32%
Ranked 38th. The same as United States
32%
Ranked 42nd.
Employment rate > Men 66.4
Ranked 101st. 1% more than United States
66
Ranked 107th.

Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, men 65.9%
Ranked 29th. 3% more than United States
63.9%
Ranked 38th.

Labor force participation > Employment to population ratio > Men 65.9%
Ranked 29th. 3% more than United States
63.9%
Ranked 38th.

Compensation of employees > Current LCU 29464900000 341229000000
Unemployment > Long-term unemployment rate 7.1
Ranked 31st.
10.6
Ranked 30th. 49% more than Canada

Force > Total > Per capita 0.546 per capita
Ranked 11th. 4% more than United States
0.524 per capita
Ranked 22nd.

Force > Total 17.65 million
Ranked 32nd.
155.46 million
Ranked 3rd. 9 times more than Canada

Female decision makers 35%
Ranked 15th.
45%
Ranked 1st. 29% more than Canada
Agricultural workers > Female 2%
Ranked 62nd. Twice as much as United States
1%
Ranked 76th.
Employment > Percent of population are employees > Women 88.6%
Ranked 26th.
94.1%
Ranked 5th. 6% more than Canada

Employment > Employment share by sector > Industry > Men > Aged above 14 32.1%
Ranked 36th. 6% more than United States
30.2%
Ranked 44th.

Unemployment > Youth unemployment, both sexes 14.1%
Ranked 51st.
17.3%
Ranked 42nd. 23% more than Canada

Unemployment > Regional unemployment > National unemployment rate 6.3%
Ranked 15th. 36% more than United States
4.62%
Ranked 19th.
GNI > Current LCU 1.82 trillion
Ranked 68th.
16.51 trillion
Ranked 27th. 9 times more than Canada

Unemployment 7.3%
Ranked 5th. 46% more than United States
5%
Ranked 11th.
Employment > Self-employment > Self-employment rates > Women 8.05%
Ranked 21st. 38% more than United States
5.84%
Ranked 26th.
Female economic activity 60.1%
Ranked 51st. 2% more than United States
58.8%
Ranked 57th.
Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, women 57.9%
Ranked 14th. 9% more than United States
53.2%
Ranked 22nd.

Labor force participation > Employment to population ratio > Women 57.9%
Ranked 14th. 9% more than United States
53.2%
Ranked 22nd.

Labor force > Per capita 537.58 per 1,000 people
Ranked 25th. 6% more than United States
508.4 per 1,000 people
Ranked 42nd.

Economic activity > Both sexes aged 30-34 88.22%
Ranked 60th. 2% more than United States
86.54%
Ranked 69th.
Days off work 125 days
Ranked 6th.
163 days
Ranked 4th. 30% more than Canada
Industrial workers > Female 11%
Ranked 57th.
12%
Ranked 56th. 9% more than Canada
Work Time > More than 40 hours 54.7%
Ranked 8th.
67.6%
Ranked 2nd. 24% more than Canada
Employment rate > Young adults 60.6
Ranked 20th. 20% more than United States
50.7
Ranked 45th.

Female professionals 53%
Ranked 21st.
54%
Ranked 20th. 2% more than Canada
Net income from abroad > Current US$ 0.0
Ranked 36th.
$269.90 billion
Ranked 1st.

Unemployment gender ratio 96%
Ranked 22nd.
105%
Ranked 17th. 9% more than Canada
Part time employment rate > Men > Aged above 14 10.8%
Ranked 5th. 38% more than United States
7.8%
Ranked 12th.

Employment > Employment rates by gender > Employment rates > Men 77.16%
Ranked 16th.
77.78%
Ranked 13th. 1% more than Canada
Rigidity of employment index > 0=less rigid to 100=more rigid 4
Ranked 164th.
0.0
Ranked 170th.

Employment > Percent of population are employees > Men 80.9%
Ranked 27th.
91.2%
Ranked 2nd. 13% more than Canada

Employment > Employment share by sector > Agriculture > Men > Aged above 14 3.7%
Ranked 58th. 68% more than United States
2.2%
Ranked 65th.

Service workers > Male 63%
Ranked 11th.
64%
Ranked 7th. 2% more than Canada
Female economic activity growth 4%
Ranked 75th.
6%
Ranked 56th. 50% more than Canada
Employment rate > Young men 59.1
Ranked 40th. 14% more than United States
51.7
Ranked 69th.

Employment rate > Young women 62.1
Ranked 15th. 25% more than United States
49.7
Ranked 34th.

Unemployment > Unemployment rates > Unemployment rates > Total 6%
Ranked 14th. 30% more than United States
4.6%
Ranked 18th.
Hours worked 1,718 hours
Ranked 4th.
1,792 hours
Ranked 3rd. 4% more than Canada
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 65 plus 6.05%
Ranked 142nd.
9.92%
Ranked 124th. 64% more than Canada
Employment > Self-employment > Self-employment rates > Total 9.31%
Ranked 25th. 29% more than United States
7.22%
Ranked 29th.
GDP per person employed > Constant 1990 PPP $ $49,077.00
Ranked 11th.
$65,480.00
Ranked 1st. 33% more than Canada

GNI > Constant LCU 1.52 trillion
Ranked 44th.
14.47 trillion
Ranked 14th. 10 times more than Canada

GNI per capita > Constant 2000 US$ $35,992.14
Ranked 17th.
$46,084.41
Ranked 6th. 28% more than Canada

GNI > Constant LCU per capita 43,613.83
Ranked 48th.
46,084.41
Ranked 47th. 6% more than Canada

Service workers > Female 86%
Ranked 10th. The same as United States
86%
Ranked 15th.
Long term unemployment 0.8%
Ranked 22nd. 4 times more than United States
0.2%
Ranked 27th.
Part time employment rate > Women > Aged above 14 26.9%
Ranked 14th. 47% more than United States
18.3%
Ranked 19th.

Employment > Employment share by sector > Agriculture > Women > Aged above 14 1.6%
Ranked 55th. Twice as much as United States
0.8%
Ranked 62nd.

Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, men aged above 14 67.5%
Ranked 114th.
69.5%
Ranked 99th. 3% more than Canada

Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, women aged above 14 57.2%
Ranked 36th. About the same as United States
57%
Ranked 37th.

Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, women aged 15 to 24 58.9%
Ranked 19th. 9% more than United States
54%
Ranked 29th.

Unemployment > Youth unemployment, male 15.9%
Ranked 40th.
18.7%
Ranked 32nd. 18% more than Canada

Gender division of housework 2.25
Ranked 4th.
2.26
Ranked 1st. About the same as Canada
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 45-49 86.82%
Ranked 52nd. 1% more than United States
86.12%
Ranked 58th.
Unemployment > Regional unemployment > National unemployment rate per million 0.187%
Ranked 20th. 12 times more than United States
0.0151%
Ranked 30th.
Unemployment > Long-term unemployment > Long-term unemployment 7.46%
Ranked 27th.
9.95%
Ranked 24th. 33% more than Canada
Foreign labor force 19.2%
Ranked 3rd. 55% more than United States
12.4%
Ranked 5th.
Total work time > Males 429 minutes
Ranked 11th. About the same as United States
428 minutes
Ranked 12th.
Employment > Employment share by sector > Industry > Women > Aged above 14 10.6%
Ranked 55th. 10% more than United States
9.6%
Ranked 59th.

Employment > Employment share by sector > Services > Men > Aged above 14 64.2%
Ranked 10th.
67.6%
Ranked 4th. 5% more than Canada

Working time to buy > A car 1,552 hours
Ranked 5th. 6% more than United States
1,459 hours
Ranked 8th.
Work time > Market-oriented 53%
Ranked 12th. 6% more than United States
50%
Ranked 20th.
Total work time > Females 420 minutes
Ranked 21st.
453 minutes
Ranked 10th. 8% more than Canada
Working time to buy > Chicken 16 minutes
Ranked 12th. 33% more than United States
12 minutes
Ranked 14th.
Economic activity > Men aged 20-24 80.78%
Ranked 114th. 3% more than United States
78.54%
Ranked 139th.
Economic activity > Men aged 15-19 50.37%
Ranked 68th. 25% more than United States
40.19%
Ranked 98th.
Working time to buy > Milk 5 minutes
Ranked 6th. 67% more than United States
3 minutes
Ranked 11th.
Economic activity > Men aged 35-39 94.31%
Ranked 160th. 1% more than United States
93.35%
Ranked 163th.
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 15-19 49.04%
Ranked 49th. 26% more than United States
38.86%
Ranked 81st.
Economic activity > Women aged 40-44 85.51%
Ranked 42nd. 4% more than United States
82.15%
Ranked 52nd.
Total work time > Females over males 98%
Ranked 27th.
106%
Ranked 19th. 8% more than Canada
Unemployment and education > Tertiary 3.8%
Ranked 5th. 2 times more than United States
1.8%
Ranked 15th.
Employment rate of highly educated women 79.8%
Ranked 15th.
81.9%
Ranked 12th. 3% more than Canada
Researchers in labor force 58 per 10000 people
Ranked 10th.
81 per 10000 people
Ranked 4th. 40% more than Canada
Work time > Non-market-oriented 47%
Ranked 18th.
50%
Ranked 11th. 6% more than Canada
Net income from abroad > Constant LCU per million 0.0
Ranked 21st.
753.24 million
Ranked 12th.

Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, men aged 15 to 24 58.9%
Ranked 47th. 6% more than United States
55.8%
Ranked 60th.

Unemployment, youth female > % of female labor force ages 15-24 12.6%
Ranked 56th.
14.7%
Ranked 49th. 17% more than Canada

Long-term unemployment, male > % of male unemployment 0.9%
Ranked 46th.
2.4%
Ranked 29th. 3 times more than Canada

Unemployment, female > % of female labor force 6.8%
Ranked 53th.
7.9%
Ranked 44th. 16% more than Canada

Economic activity > Men aged 65 plus 9.41%
Ranked 139th.
13.49%
Ranked 127th. 43% more than Canada
Unemployment > Youth male > % of male labor force ages 15-24 14.2%
Ranked 32nd. 15% more than United States
12.4%
Ranked 38th.

Economic activity > Men aged 25-29 92.76%
Ranked 143th. 2% more than United States
90.93%
Ranked 159th.
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 35-39 89.55%
Ranked 53th. 3% more than United States
87.29%
Ranked 68th.
Economic activity > Women aged 60-64 23.16%
Ranked 93th.
33.2%
Ranked 67th. 43% more than Canada
Economic activity > Women aged 35-39 84.66%
Ranked 44th. 4% more than United States
81.1%
Ranked 54th.
Unemployment > Regional unemployment > Range in regional unemployment rate > Small regions > Maximum 21.98%
Ranked 3rd. 2 times more than United States
9.35%
Ranked 17th.
Unemployment > Regional unemployment > Range in regional unemployment rate > Small regions > Minimum 2.62%
Ranked 19th. 6% more than United States
2.47%
Ranked 21st.
Unemployment with tertiary education > Female > % of female unemployment 42.2%
Ranked 6th.
48.5%
Ranked 3rd. 15% more than Canada

Unemployment > Unemployment with tertiary education > Male > % of male unemployment 26.7%
Ranked 11th.
42%
Ranked 3rd. 57% more than Canada

Economic activity > Women aged 20-24 77.19%
Ranked 28th. 7% more than United States
72.42%
Ranked 52nd.
Economic activity > Women aged 65 plus 3.55%
Ranked 130th.
7.41%
Ranked 95th. 2 times more than Canada
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 60-64 34.68%
Ranked 117th.
41.42%
Ranked 101st. 19% more than Canada
Employment in industry > % of total employment 21.6%
Ranked 48th. 5% more than United States
20.6%
Ranked 55th.

Personal remittances, received > % of GDP 0.0662%
Ranked 134th. 71% more than United States
0.0387%
Ranked 136th.

Unemployment > Long-term unemployment > Long-term unemployment per million 0.221%
Ranked 27th. 7 times more than United States
0.0324%
Ranked 28th.
Unemployment > Regional unemployment > Gini index of regional unemployment rates > Small regions 0.276 Year 2006
Ranked 5th. 99% more than United States
0.139 Year 2006
Ranked 21st.
Unemployment > Unemployment > Total > % of total labor force 6.1%
Ranked 38th. 5% more than United States
5.8%
Ranked 43th.

Labor force > Female > % of total labor force 46.9%
Ranked 40th. 2% more than United States
46.09%
Ranked 57th.

Share of women employed in the nonagricultural sector > % of total nonagricultural employment 49.8%
Ranked 17th. 5% more than United States
47.4%
Ranked 31st.

Economic activity > Men aged 30-34 93.91%
Ranked 162nd. 1% more than United States
93.16%
Ranked 164th.
Employment > Employment share by sector > Services > Women > Aged above 14 87.9%
Ranked 10th.
89.6%
Ranked 5th. 2% more than Canada

Unemployment > Youth unemployment, female 12.3%
Ranked 52nd.
15.7%
Ranked 47th. 28% more than Canada

Employment > Underemployment > Working less than 20 hours per week > Women > Aged above 14 12.7%
Ranked 11th. 76% more than United States
7.2%
Ranked 19th.

Employment > Underemployment > Working less than 20 hours per week > Men > Aged above 14 5.8%
Ranked 6th. 81% more than United States
3.2%
Ranked 13th.

Part time > Part time employment rate > Women 26.9%
Ranked 14th. 47% more than United States
18.3%
Ranked 19th.

Part time > Part time employment rate > Men 10.8%
Ranked 5th. 38% more than United States
7.8%
Ranked 12th.

GNI > Current US$, % of GDP 100%
Ranked 49th.
105.29%
Ranked 12th. 5% more than Canada

Economic activity > Men aged 40-44 94.03%
Ranked 156th. 2% more than United States
92.17%
Ranked 163th.
Unemployment > Unemployment rates > Unemployment rates > Total per million 0.178%
Ranked 21st. 12 times more than United States
0.015%
Ranked 30th.
Economic activity > Men aged 45-49 92.91%
Ranked 151st. 1% more than United States
92.2%
Ranked 156th.
Economic activity > Men aged 55-59 74.04%
Ranked 143th.
76.57%
Ranked 137th. 3% more than Canada
Economic activity > Men aged 60-64 46.65%
Ranked 126th.
50.34%
Ranked 121st. 8% more than Canada
Economic activity > Women aged 25-29 83.9%
Ranked 31st. 5% more than United States
79.87%
Ranked 49th.
Employees, agriculture, female > % of female employment 1.3%
Ranked 76th. 62% more than United States
0.8%
Ranked 75th.

Employment > Working more than 40 hours per week > Men > Aged above 14 68.8%
Ranked 19th.
85.8%
Ranked 9th. 25% more than Canada

Employment rate > Source / date of > Information 2003 OECD . 2003 OECD .
Economic activity > Women aged 45-49 80.74%
Ranked 45th. 1% more than United States
80.06%
Ranked 48th.
Force with tertiary education > % of total 52.5%
Ranked 1st. 21% more than United States
43.3%
Ranked 1st.
Force participation rate > Total > % of total population ages 15-64 77.7%
Ranked 31st. 3% more than United States
75.75%
Ranked 40th.

Employees, agriculture, male > % of male employment 3.3%
Ranked 80th. 43% more than United States
2.3%
Ranked 74th.

Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, total > % 54.3%
Ranked 32nd. 29% more than United States
42.2%
Ranked 72nd.

Force participation rate > Male > % of male population ages 15-64 82.56%
Ranked 90th. 1% more than United States
81.46%
Ranked 101st.

Wage and salaried workers, total > % of total employed 91%
Ranked 8th.
93.2%
Ranked 3rd. 2% more than Canada

Employees, industry, female > % of female employment 10.2%
Ranked 67th. 42% more than United States
7.2%
Ranked 71st.

Employees, industry, male > % of male employment 31.7%
Ranked 46th. 26% more than United States
25.1%
Ranked 52nd.

Employees, services, female > % of female employment 88.7%
Ranked 17th.
91.9%
Ranked 4th. 4% more than Canada

Employees, services, male > % of male employment 65.4%
Ranked 13th.
71.7%
Ranked 6th. 10% more than Canada

Part time employment, female > % of total part time employment 67%
Ranked 23th. 1% more than United States
66.4%
Ranked 24th.

Unemployment, male > % of male labor force 7.7%
Ranked 42nd.
8.2%
Ranked 38th. 6% more than Canada

Unemployment, total > % of total labor force 7.2%
Ranked 47th.
8.1%
Ranked 37th. 13% more than Canada

Force > Total per 1000 546.1
Ranked 12th. 4% more than United States
526.07
Ranked 21st.

Labor force with secondary education > Male > % of male labor force 43.1%
Ranked 31st. 42% more than United States
30.3%
Ranked 40th.

Labor force with primary education > Female > % of female labor force 11.8%
Ranked 43th. 62% more than United States
7.3%
Ranked 51st.

Labor force with primary education > % of total 13.8%
Ranked 46th. 45% more than United States
9.5%
Ranked 51st.

Labor force with secondary education > % of total 40%
Ranked 35th. 36% more than United States
29.4%
Ranked 44th.

Labor force with primary education > Male > % of male labor force 15.6%
Ranked 43th. 38% more than United States
11.3%
Ranked 48th.

Labor force with secondary education > Female > % of female labor force 36.6%
Ranked 35th. 29% more than United States
28.4%
Ranked 43th.

Labor force with tertiary education > % of total 46.2%
Ranked 4th.
61.1%
Ranked 2nd. 32% more than Canada

Working time to buy > Beef 48 minutes
Ranked 12th.
50 minutes
Ranked 11th. 4% more than Canada
Unemployment benefit as % of GDP 1% of GDP
Ranked 11th. 5 times more than United States
0.2% of GDP
Ranked 18th.
Employment in agriculture > % of total employment 2.5%
Ranked 58th. 79% more than United States
1.4%
Ranked 68th.

Employment in services > % of total employment 75.9%
Ranked 11th.
78%
Ranked 5th. 3% more than Canada

Labor participation rate > Total > % of total population ages 15+ 67.3%
Ranked 62nd. 3% more than United States
65.4%
Ranked 76th.

Unemployment > Unemployment with tertiary education > % of total unemployment 31.2%
Ranked 13th.
45.7%
Ranked 3rd. 46% more than Canada

Unemployment > Unemployment with primary education > Male > % of male unemployment 29.7%
Ranked 45th. 44% more than United States
20.6%
Ranked 55th.

Unemployment > Unemployment with secondary education > Female > % of female unemployment 37.9%
Ranked 44th. 14% more than United States
33.3%
Ranked 50th.

Unemployment > Long-term unemployment rate > Female 6.1
Ranked 30th.
10.3
Ranked 29th. 69% more than Canada

Unemployment > Unemployment with primary education > Female > % of female unemployment 25.3%
Ranked 46th. 53% more than United States
16.5%
Ranked 54th.

Unemployment > Unemployment with tertiary education > Female > % of female unemployment 36.8%
Ranked 13th.
50.2%
Ranked 3rd. 36% more than Canada

Unemployment > Unemployment > Youth female > % of female labor force ages 15-24 10%
Ranked 53th. 6% more than United States
9.4%
Ranked 57th.

Unemployment > Unemployment > Youth total > % of total labor force ages 15-24 11.2%
Ranked 45th. 7% more than United States
10.5%
Ranked 51st.

Unemployment > Unemployment > Youth male > % of male labor force ages 15-24 12.3%
Ranked 45th. 6% more than United States
11.6%
Ranked 47th.

Steel industry jobs 56 thousand jobs
Ranked 8th.
151 thousand jobs
Ranked 3rd. 3 times more than Canada

Working time to buy > Bread 7 minutes
Ranked 12th.
14 minutes
Ranked 2nd. Twice as much as Canada
Net income from abroad > Current US$, % of GDP 0.0
Ranked 34th.
1.72%
Ranked 20th.

GNI growth > Annual % 1.71%
Ranked 75th.
2.42%
Ranked 67th. 41% more than Canada

GNI per capita > Current LCU 52,177.22
Ranked 91st.
52,608.35
Ranked 90th. 1% more than Canada

Net income from abroad > Constant LCU 0.0
Ranked 21st.
236.45 billion
Ranked 6th.

Part time employment, male > % of total male employment 11.8%
Ranked 12th. 66% more than United States
7.1%
Ranked 31st.

Part time employment, total > % of total employment 18.8%
Ranked 18th. 68% more than United States
11.2%
Ranked 37th.

Unemployment > Male > % of male labor force 7.5%
Ranked 36th. 34% more than United States
5.6%
Ranked 53th.

Force with secondary education > % of total 30.3%
Ranked 31st.
39.5%
Ranked 7th. 30% more than Canada
Long-term unemployment > Male > % of male unemployment 11.4%
Ranked 26th.
12.5%
Ranked 25th. 10% more than Canada

Compensation of employees > % of expense 12.04%
Ranked 60th.
12.96%
Ranked 55th. 8% more than Canada

Unemployment > Youth total > % of total labor force ages 15-24 12.4%
Ranked 38th. 10% more than United States
11.3%
Ranked 41st.

Force > Female > % of total labor force 46.36%
Ranked 43th. About the same as United States
46.23%
Ranked 44th.

Employment > Employment rates by gender > Employment rates > Men per million 2.29%
Ranked 19th. 9 times more than United States
0.254%
Ranked 30th.
Employment > Part-time employment > Incidence of part-time employment per million 0.537%
Ranked 15th. 13 times more than United States
0.0412%
Ranked 30th.
Employees > Industry > Female > % of female employment 10.5%
Ranked 51st. 12% more than United States
9.4%
Ranked 59th.

Employment > Self-employment > Self-employment rates > Total per million 0.276%
Ranked 25th. 12 times more than United States
0.0235%
Ranked 30th.
Employment > Self-employment > Self-employment rates > Women per million 0.239%
Ranked 24th. 13 times more than United States
0.019%
Ranked 29th.
Unemployment with tertiary education > % of total unemployment 40.2%
Ranked 5th.
47.3%
Ranked 3rd. 18% more than Canada

Economic activity > Both sexes aged 20-24 79.01%
Ranked 44th. 5% more than United States
75.54%
Ranked 63th.
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 25-29 88.37%
Ranked 38th. 3% more than United States
85.46%
Ranked 56th.
Unemployment with tertiary education > Male > % of male unemployment 38.6%
Ranked 4th.
46.3%
Ranked 2nd. 20% more than Canada

Economic activity > Women aged 30-34 82.45%
Ranked 47th. 3% more than United States
79.8%
Ranked 57th.
Net income from abroad > Current US$ per million 0.0
Ranked 36th.
$859.79 million
Ranked 9th.

Net income from abroad > Current LCU 0.0
Ranked 36th.
269.9 billion
Ranked 6th.

Employees > Agriculture > Male > % of male employment 3.4%
Ranked 58th. 70% more than United States
2%
Ranked 66th.

Employment rate of lesser educated women 52%
Ranked 13th. 5% more than United States
49.7%
Ranked 14th.
Unemployment > Female > % of female labor force 6.8%
Ranked 48th. 26% more than United States
5.4%
Ranked 58th.

Long-term unemployment > Female > % of female unemployment 8.4%
Ranked 26th.
11%
Ranked 25th. 31% more than Canada

Unemployment and education > Upper secondary 5.8%
Ranked 5th. 61% more than United States
3.6%
Ranked 12th.
Long-term unemployment > % of total unemployment 10.1%
Ranked 26th.
11.8%
Ranked 25th. 17% more than Canada

Unemployment with secondary education > Female > % of female unemployment 31.6%
Ranked 44th.
34.1%
Ranked 42nd. 8% more than Canada

Force participation rate > Female > % of female population ages 15-64 72.78%
Ranked 26th. 4% more than United States
70.07%
Ranked 34th.

Unemployment > Youth female > % of female labor force ages 15-24 10.6%
Ranked 41st. 5% more than United States
10.1%
Ranked 42nd.

Economic activity > Both sexes aged 40-44 89.81%
Ranked 45th. 3% more than United States
87.2%
Ranked 67th.
Economic activity > Women aged 50-54 71.91%
Ranked 52nd.
72.09%
Ranked 50th. About the same as Canada
Economic activity > Women aged 55-59 49.78%
Ranked 66th.
58.96%
Ranked 44th. 18% more than Canada
Unemployment with secondary education > Male > % of male unemployment 30.2%
Ranked 46th.
34.5%
Ranked 41st. 14% more than Canada

Net income from abroad > Current LCU per million 0.0
Ranked 36th.
859.79 million
Ranked 19th.

Long term unemployment > Share 9.5%
Ranked 25th. 56% more than United States
6.1%
Ranked 26th.
Steel industry jobs per million 1.82 thousand jobs
Ranked 3rd. 3 times more than United States
0.535 thousand jobs
Ranked 16th.

Economic activity > Women aged 15-19 47.65%
Ranked 45th. 27% more than United States
37.46%
Ranked 59th.
Employment > Part-time employment > Incidence of part-time employment 18.1%
Ranked 10th. 43% more than United States
12.64%
Ranked 18th.
Unemployment > Unemployed youths per unemployed adult > Women > Aged 15 to 24 1.9 ratio
Ranked 56th.
2.4 ratio
Ranked 42nd. 26% more than Canada

Unemployment > Unemployed youths per unemployed adult > Men > Aged 15 to 24 2.5
Ranked 42nd.
3.3
Ranked 25th. 32% more than Canada

Employment > Working more than 40 hours per week > Women > Aged above 14 36.3%
Ranked 19th.
66.5%
Ranked 8th. 83% more than Canada

GNI > Current LCU per capita 52,177.22
Ranked 91st.
52,608.35
Ranked 90th. 1% more than Canada

Expense > % of GDP 18.04%
Ranked 82nd.
25.21%
Ranked 60th. 40% more than Canada

Subsidies and other transfers > % of expense 69.43%
Ranked 14th. 6% more than United States
65.63%
Ranked 21st.

Economic activity > Both sexes aged 50-54 80.31%
Ranked 62nd. The same as United States
80.24%
Ranked 63th.
Economic activity > Men aged 50-54 88.66%
Ranked 135th. The same as United States
88.58%
Ranked 137th.
Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, male > % 53.3%
Ranked 51st. 25% more than United States
42.6%
Ranked 98th.

Employment to population ratio, 15+, female > % 57.4%
Ranked 48th. 10% more than United States
52.3%
Ranked 64th.

Economic activity > Both sexes aged 55-59 61.86%
Ranked 85th.
67.56%
Ranked 65th. 9% more than Canada
Self-employed, female > % of females employed 8%
Ranked 68th. 45% more than United States
5.5%
Ranked 77th.

Self-employed, male > % of males employed 9.9%
Ranked 78th. 24% more than United States
8%
Ranked 81st.

Self-employed, total > % of total employed 9%
Ranked 80th. 32% more than United States
6.8%
Ranked 85th.

Employment to population ratio, 15+, male > % 65.7%
Ranked 112th. 3% more than United States
63.6%
Ranked 122nd.

Employment to population ratio, 15+, total > % 61.5%
Ranked 68th. 6% more than United States
57.8%
Ranked 95th.

Wage and salaried workers, female > % of females employed 92%
Ranked 16th.
94.5%
Ranked 8th. 3% more than Canada

Wage and salary workers, male > % of males employed 90.1%
Ranked 6th.
99.1%
Ranked 2nd. 10% more than Canada

Contributing family workers, female > % of females employed 0.1%
Ranked 72nd. The same as United States
0.1%
Ranked 73th.

Contributing family workers, male > % of males employed 0.1%
Ranked 70th. The same as United States
0.1%
Ranked 73th.

Contributing family workers, total > % of total employed 0.1%
Ranked 77th. The same as United States
0.1%
Ranked 78th.

Unemployment, youth male > % of male labor force ages 15-24 15.9%
Ranked 42nd.
17.6%
Ranked 38th. 11% more than Canada

Unemployment, youth total > % of total labor force ages 15-24 14.3%
Ranked 51st.
16.2%
Ranked 49th. 13% more than Canada

Long-term unemployment, female > % of female unemployment 0.8%
Ranked 48th.
2.3%
Ranked 31st. 3 times more than Canada

Force with primary education > % of total 17.2%
Ranked 30th. 1% more than United States
17.1%
Ranked 18th.
Employees > Services > Female > % of female employment 88%
Ranked 12th.
89.9%
Ranked 5th. 2% more than Canada

Unemployment > Total > % of total labor force 7.2%
Ranked 46th. 31% more than United States
5.5%
Ranked 55th.

Employees > Agriculture > Female > % of female employment 1.5%
Ranked 54th. 2 times more than United States
0.7%
Ranked 62nd.

SOURCES: ILO (International Labour Organization). 2002. Key Indicators of the Labour Market 2001-2002. February 2002; International Labour Organisation, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database.; International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files. World Bank World Development Indicators.; OECD Health Data 2002 (CD ROM) available year for Australia, Japan = 1998; Denmark = 1995; 1980 figures for Canada and France are interpolated; World Bank national accounts data; Wikipedia: List of minimum wages by country (Countries) ("Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2013" . State.gov . Retrieved 2014-03-04 .); CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; International Labour Organization, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database.; Wikipedia: List of minimum wages by country (Countries); OECD; Figures are from the OECD. The figures are from EIRO for France, Ireland and Italy; World Bank national accounts data. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; International Labour Organization, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files. 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Source tables; OECD Country statistical profiles 2009; OECD Historical Statistics; calculated on the basis of data on the economically active population and total population from ILO (International Labour Organization). 2002. Estimates and Projections of the Economically Active Population, 1950-2010, 4th ed., rev. 2. Database. Geneva; United Nations Statistics Division Original html; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Economic activity rate and economically active population, by sex, thirteen age groups, 1950-2010 (ILO estimates and projections) are data from the International Labour Union (ILO). Source details: ILO, Economically Active Population, 1950-2010, fourth edition, diskette database (Geneva, 1997). The latest set of estimates and projections covering the period 1950-2010 (4th edition) was released by ILO in December 1996. These data are updated every five-ten years by ILO and a new set of these data is in preparation; OECD; ILO, Key Indicators; calculated on the basis of data on male and female unemployment rates from OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). 2001. Employment Outlook 2001. Paris; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=GenderStat&f=inID%3a109, Part-time employment rate; World Bank, Doing Business project (http://www.doingbusiness.org/).; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development). 2001. Employment Outlook. Paris; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Jeanne A. Batalova and Philip N. Cohen, 'Premarital Cohabitation and Housework: Couples in Cross-National Perspective', Journal of Marriage and Family 64, August 2002, p.748; OECD Country statistical profiles 2009. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Harvey, Andrew S. 1995 ?Market and Non-Market Productive Activity in Less Developed and Developing Countries: Lessons from Time Use.? Background Paper for Human Development Report 1995. United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report, Goldshmidt-Clermont, Luisella, and Elisabetta Pagnossin Aligisakis. 1995. ?Measures of Unrecorded Economic Activities in Fourteen Countries.? Background paper for Human Development Report; United Nations Statistics Division. 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