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STAT	Dhekelia	Germany	HISTORY
Economy > Economy > Overview	Economic activity is limited to providing services to the military and their families located in Dhekelia. All food and manufactured goods must be imported.	The German economy - the fifth largest economy in the world in PPP terms and Europe's largest - is a leading exporter of machinery, vehicles, chemicals, and household equipment and benefits from a highly skilled labor force. Like its Western European neighbors, Germany faces significant demographic challenges to sustained long-term growth. Low fertility rates and declining net immigration are increasing pressure on the country's social welfare system and necessitate structural reforms. Reforms launched by the government of Chancellor Gerhard SCHROEDER (1998-2005), deemed necessary to address chronically high unemployment and low average growth, contributed to strong growth in 2006 and 2007 and falling unemployment. These advances, as well as a government subsidized, reduced working hour scheme, help explain the relatively modest increase in unemployment during the 2008-09 recession - the deepest since World War II - and its decrease to 6.5% in 2012. GDP contracted 5.1% in 2009 but grew by 4.2% in 2010, and 3.0% in 2011, before dipping to 0.7% in 2012 - a reflection of low investment spending due to crisis-induced uncertainty and the decreased demand for German exports from recession-stricken periphery countries. Stimulus and stabilization efforts initiated in 2008 and 2009 and tax cuts introduced in Chancellor Angela MERKEL's second term increased Germany's total budget deficit - including federal, state, and municipal - to 4.1% in 2010, but slower spending and higher tax revenues reduced the deficit to 0.8% in 2011. In 2012 Germany reached a budget surplus of 0.1%. A constitutional amendment approved in 2009 limits the federal government to structural deficits of no more than 0.35% of GDP per annum as of 2016 though the target was already reached in 2012. By 2014, the federal government wants to balance its budget. Following the March 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster, Chancellor Angela Merkel announced in May 2011 that eight of the country's 17 nuclear reactors would be shut down immediately and the remaining plants would close by 2022. Germany hopes to replace nuclear power with renewable energy. Before the shutdown of the eight reactors, Germany relied on nuclear power for 23% of its electricity generating capacity and 46% of its base-load electricity production.
Environment > Current issues	netting and trapping of small migrant songbirds in the spring and autumn	emissions from coal-burning utilities and industries contribute to air pollution; acid rain, resulting from sulfur dioxide emissions, is damaging forests; pollution in the Baltic Sea from raw sewage and industrial effluents from rivers in eastern Germany; hazardous waste disposal; government established a mechanism for ending the use of nuclear power over the next 15 years; government working to meet EU commitment to identify nature preservation areas in line with the EU's Flora, Fauna, and Habitat directive
Geography > Area > Comparative	about three-quarters the size of Washington, DC	slightly smaller than Montana
Geography > Area > Total	130.8 sq km Ranked 222nd.	357,022 sq km Ranked 64th. 2730 times more than Dhekelia
Geography > Climate	temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters	temperate and marine; cool, cloudy, wet winters and summers; occasional warm mountain (foehn) wind
Geography > Coastline	None	2,389 km Ranked 55th.
Geography > Geographic coordinates	34 59 N, 33 45 E	51 00 N, 9 00 E
Geography > Location	Eastern Mediterranean, on the southeast coast of Cyprus near Famagusta	Central Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, between the Netherlands and Poland, south of Denmark
Government > Capital city > Name	Episkopi Cantonment (base administrative center for Akrotiri and Dhekelia); located in Akrotiri	Berlin
Government > Constitution	presented 3 August 1960, effective 16 August 1960; amended 1966 (The Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia Order in Council 1960, serves as a basic legal document)	previous 1919 (Weimar Constitution); latest drafted 10 to 23 August 1948, approved 12 May 1949, promulgated 23 May 1949, entered into force 24 May 1949; amended many times, last in 2012
Government > Executive branch > Chief of state	Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)	President Joachim GAUCK (since 23 March 2012)
Government > Executive branch > Head of government	Administrator Air Vice Marshall Graham STACEY (since 4 November 2010)	Chancellor Angela MERKEL (since 22 November 2005)
Government > Judicial branch	see Akrotiri	Federal Constitutional Court or Bundesverfassungsgericht (half the judges are elected by the Bundestag and half by the Bundesrat); Federal Court of Justice; Federal Administrative Court
Government > Legal system	the Sovereign Base Area Administration has its own court system to deal with civil and criminal matters; laws applicable to the Cypriot population are, as far as possible, the same as the laws of the Republic of Cyprus	civil law system
Language > Languages	Greek	German
Government > Capital city > Geographic coordinates	34	52 31 N, 13 24 E
Media > Broadcast media	British Forces Broadcast Service (BFBS) provides multi-channel satellite TV service as well as BFBS radio broadcasts to the Dhekelia Sovereign Base	a mixture of publicly-operated and privately-owned TV and radio stations; national and regional public broadcasters compete with nearly 400 privately-owned national and regional TV stations; more than 90% of households have cable or satellite TV; hundreds of radio stations broadcasting including multiple national radio networks, regional radio networks, and a large number of local radio stations
Geography > Area > Comparative to US places	about three-quarters the size of Washington, DC	slightly smaller than Montana
Government > Country name > Conventional long form	none	Federal Republic of Germany
Geography > Land boundaries > Border countries	Cyprus 103 km (approximately)	Austria 784 km, Belgium 167 km, Czech Republic 815 km, Denmark 68 km, France 451 km, Luxembourg 138 km, Netherlands 577 km, Poland 456 km, Switzerland 334 km
Media > Radio broadcast stations	AM NA, FM 1 (located in Akrotiri), shortwave NA (British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) provides Radio 1 and Radio 2 service to Akrotiri, Dhekelia, and Nicosia)	AM 51, FM 787, shortwave 4
Government > Executive branch > Elections	none; the monarchy is hereditary; the administrator appointed by the monarch	president elected for a five-year term (eligible for a second term) by a Federal Convention, including all members of the Federal Parliament (Bundestag) and an equal number of delegates elected by the state parliaments; election last held on 19 February 2012 (next to be held by June 2017); chancellor elected by an absolute majority of the Federal Parliament for a four-year term; Federal Parliament vote for Chancellor last held after 22 September 2013 (next to be held September 2017)
Government > Flag description	the flag of the UK is used	three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and gold; these colors have played an important role in German history and can be traced back to the medieval banner of the Holy Roman Emperor - a black eagle with red claws and beak on a gold field

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