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Crime Stats: compare key data on France & Singapore

Definitions

  • Age of criminal responsibility: The age at which a person is no longer excluded from criminal liability.  The lowest age is indicated for countries where there isn’t a single age limit, for example where different states have different regulations (such as the USA) or there is different limits for boy and girls (such as in Iran). The spectrum is specifically wide for the USA and Mexico (both 6-12 years). Several US states do not stipulate any minimal age for criminal responsibility at all. For further qualifications, exceptions and other notes, please refer to notes.
  • Assault rate: Number of assaults recorded by police per 100,000 population
  • Crime levels: Level of crime. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How serious you feel the level of crime is?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Drugs > Annual cannabis use: Estimate of percentage of 15-64 year old population who use Cannabis.
  • Drugs > Opiates use: Annual prevalence.
  • Justice system > Punishment > Capital punishment (last execution year): Year of last use.
  • Murder rate: Homicide rate per year per 100,000 inhabitants in various countries.
  • Police officers: Number of police officers per 100,000 population.
  • Rape rate: Number of rape incidents per 100,000 citizens in different countries. Figures do not take into account rape incidents that go unreported to the police.
  • Violent crime > Gun crime > Guns per 100 residents: Number of privately owned small firearms per 100 residents.
  • Violent crime > Intentional homicide rate: Homicides per 100’000 residents. Homicide is the death of a person purposefully inflicted by another person (it excludes suicides) outside of a state of war. Homicide is a broader category than murder, as it also includes manslaughter. The exact legal definition varies across countries, some of which include infanticide, assisted suicide, euthanasia and deaths caused by dangerous driving.
  • Violent crime > Murder rate: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population.
  • Violent crime > Murder rate per million people: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
  • Violent crime > Rapes: The number of recorded rapes. Large numbers of rapes go unreported. South Africa is estimated to have 500,000 rapes per year, Egypt 200,000, China 32,000 and the UK with 85,000 rapes per year.
  • Violent crime > Rapes per million people: The number of recorded rapes. Large numbers of rapes go unreported. South Africa is estimated to have 500,000 rapes per year, Egypt 200,000, China 32,000 and the UK with 85,000 rapes per year. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
  • Violent crime > Murders per million people: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
  • Violent crime > Murders: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population.
  • Burglaries: Number of burglaries recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population.
  • Murders > Per capita: Number of convictions for intentional homicides in the given year. Per capita figures expressed per 1 million population.
  • Robberies: Number of robberies recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population.
  • Believes crime increasing in the past 3 years: Crime increasing in the past 3 years. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "In the past three years would you say the level of crime in your community has increased, stayed about the same, or decreased?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Fear of crime > Violent hate crime: Worries being subject to a physical attack because of your skin colour, ethnic origin or religion. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How worried are you about)......being subject to a physical attack because of your skin colour, ethnic origin or religion?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Fear of crime > Feels safe walking alone > At night: Safety walking alone during night. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How safe do you feel walking alone in this city during the night?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Kidnappings: Number of kidnappings recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population.
  • Murders > Per 100,000 people: Intentional homicide rate is the estimate of intentional homicides in a country as a result of domestic disputes that end in a killing, interpersonal violence, violent conflicts over land resources, inter-gang violence over turf or control, and predatory violence and killing by armed groups. The term, intentional homicide, is broad, but it does not include all intentional killing. In particular, deaths arising from armed conflict are usually considered separately. The difference is usually described by the organisation of the killing. Individuals or small groups usually commit homicide, whereas the killing in armed conflict is usually committed by more or less cohesive groups of up to several hundred members. Two main sources of data are presented: criminal justice (law enforcement) measures (this series), supplemented by data from national statistical agencies, and measures from public health sources (see other intentional homicide series). These various sources measure slightly different phenomena and are therefore unlikely to provide identical numbers."
  • Prisoners: Total persons incarcerated
  • Assaults: Number of assaults recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population.
  • Punishment > Maximum length of sentence: Maximum length of sentence (under life).

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Auto theft: Number of motor vehicle thefts (car thefts) recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population.
  • Perceived problems > Problem violent crimes including assault and armed robbery: Problem violent crimes such as assault and armed robbery. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How much of a problem are...) violent crimes such as assault and armed robbery?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Murders > WHO: Intentional homicide rate is the estimate of intentional homicides in a country as a result of domestic disputes that end in a killing, interpersonal violence, violent conflicts over land resources, inter-gang violence over turf or control, and predatory violence and killing by armed groups. The term, intentional homicide, is broad, but it does not include all intentional killing. In particular, deaths arising from armed conflict are usually considered separately. The difference is usually described by the organisation of the killing. Individuals or small groups usually commit homicide, whereas the killing in armed conflict is usually committed by more or less cohesive groups of up to several hundred members. Two main sources of data are presented: criminal justice (law enforcement) measures (this series), supplemented by data from national statistical agencies, and measures from public health sources (see other intentional homicide series). These various sources measure slightly different phenomena and are therefore unlikely to provide identical numbers."
  • Fear of crime > Feels safe walking alone > During the day: Safety walking alone during daylight. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How safe do you feel walking alone in this city during the daylight?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Serious assault rate: Number of major assaults recorded by police per 100,000 population
  • Prisoners > Per capita: Data for 2003. Number of prisoners held per 100,000 population.
  • Punishment > Crimes possibly attracting life sentence: Possible other sentence.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Murders: Number of convictions for intentional homicides in the given year.
  • Fear of crime > Worries about being attacked: Worries attacked. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How worried are you about)......being physically attacked by strangers?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Software piracy rate: The piracy rate is the total number of units of pirated software deployed in 2007 divided by the total units of software installed.
  • Perceived problems > Property crimes including vandalism and theft: Problem property crimes such as vandalism and theft. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How much of a problem are...) property crimes such as vandalism and theft?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Drug offences: Drug offence cases per 100,000 population (2000).
  • Perceived problems > Illegal drugs: Problem people using or dealing drugs. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How much of a problem are...) people using or dealing drugs?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Perceived problems > Problem corruption and bribery: Problem corruption and bribery. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How much of a problem are...) corruption and bribery?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Punishment > Minimum life sentence to serve before eligibility for requesting parole: Minimum to serve before eligibility for requesting parole.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Convictions: Number of people convicted of a crime.
  • Fear of crime > Worries about being insulted: Worries being insulted. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How worried are you about)......being insulted or pestered by anybody, while in the street or any other public place?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Fear of crime > Worries about being mugged or robbed: Worries being mugged or robbed. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How worried are you about)......being mugged and robbed?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Illicit drugs: Crime statistics are often better indicators of prevalence of law enforcement and willingness to report crime, than actual prevalence.
  • Serious assaults: Number of major assaults recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population.
  • Prisoners per 1000: Total persons incarcerated. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Murders committed by youths: Homicide rates among youths aged 10–29 years by country or area: most recent year available (variable 1990–1999).
  • Punishment > Crimes requiring mandatory sentence: Mandatory sentence.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Drug related crime: Number of drug related crimes recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population.
  • Judges: Number of professional judges per 100,000 population.
  • Murders per million: Number of convictions for intentional homicides in the given year. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Fear of crime > Worries about home break and enter: Worries home broken and things stolen. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How worried are you about....having your home broken into and something stolen?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Prisoners > Female: Female prisoners, expressed as a percentage share of the total prison population. Data for 2003.
  • Punishment > Life sentence under the age of 18 or 21: Under age of 18 (or 21).

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Convictions per 1000: Number of people convicted of a crime. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Punishment > Has life imprisonment: Life imprisonment.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Murders committed by youths per million: Homicide rates among youths aged 10–29 years by country or area: most recent year available (variable 1990–1999). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Fear of crime > Worries about things from car being stolen: Worries things from car stolen. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How worried are you about)......having things stolen from your car?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Punishment > Has indefinite sentence: Indefinite sentence (excl. preventive or psychiatric detainment).

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Prosecutors: Number of prosecutors per 100,000 population.
  • Fear of crime > Worries about car being stolen: Worries car stolen. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How worried are you about)......having your car stolen?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Prisoners > Foreign prisoners: Prisoners who are foreign nationals, expressed as a percentage share of total prison population. Data for 2003.
  • Prisoners > Share of prison capacity filled: The percentage of the offical prison capacity filled. This is obtained by comparing the number of prisoners in a nation to the offical capacity of the nation's prison system. Data for 2003.
  • Prisoners > Pre-trial detainees: The percentage of the prison population that is being held pre-trial / on remand. Data for 2003.
  • Unpaid diplomatic parking fines: Average Unpaid Annual New York City Parking Violations per Diplomat, 11/1997 to 11/2002.
  • Convictions > Juveniles: Number of juveniles who were convicted of a crime in the given year.
  • Unpaid diplomatic parking fines per million: Average Unpaid Annual New York City Parking Violations per Diplomat, 11/1997 to 11/2002. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Convictions > Juveniles per million: Number of juveniles who were convicted of a crime in the given year. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
STAT France Singapore HISTORY
Age of criminal responsibility 13
Ranked 29th. 86% more than Singapore
7
Ranked 51st.
Assault rate 180.1
Ranked 34th. 12 times more than Singapore
14.6
Ranked 79th.
Crime levels 49.47
Ranked 38th. 4 times more than Singapore
12.72
Ranked 92nd.
Drugs > Annual cannabis use 8.6%
Ranked 4th. 2150 times more than Singapore
0.004%
Ranked 12th.
Drugs > Opiates use 0.4%
Ranked 2nd. 100 times more than Singapore
0.004%
Ranked 30th.
Justice system > Punishment > Capital punishment (last execution year) 1,977
Ranked 15th.
2,011
Ranked 20th. 2% more than France
Murder rate 1.31 0.38
Police officers 210.2
Ranked 8th. 55 times more than Singapore
3.8
Ranked 4th.

Rape rate 16.2
Ranked 21st. 6 times more than Singapore
2.7
Ranked 67th.

Violent crime > Gun crime > Guns per 100 residents 31.2
Ranked 12th. 62 times more than Singapore
0.5
Ranked 161st.
Violent crime > Intentional homicide rate 1.63
Ranked 34th. 3 times more than Singapore
0.51
Ranked 81st.

Violent crime > Murder rate 682
Ranked 37th. 43 times more than Singapore
16
Ranked 11th.

Violent crime > Murder rate per million people 10.54
Ranked 98th. 3 times more than Singapore
3.09
Ranked 11th.

Violent crime > Rapes 10,108
Ranked 5th. 86 times more than Singapore
118
Ranked 66th.

Violent crime > Rapes per million people 156.22
Ranked 21st. 6 times more than Singapore
26.81
Ranked 68th.

Violent crime > Murders per million people 10.54
Ranked 98th. 3 times more than Singapore
3.09
Ranked 11th.

Violent crime > Murders 682
Ranked 37th. 43 times more than Singapore
16
Ranked 11th.

Burglaries 622.4
Ranked 4th. 24 times more than Singapore
25.7
Ranked 44th.

Murders > Per capita 8.09 per 1 million people
Ranked 27th. 2 times more than Singapore
3.87 per 1 million people
Ranked 32nd.
Robberies 10.8
Ranked 14th.
21.7
Ranked 53th. Twice as much as France

Believes crime increasing in the past 3 years 67.93
Ranked 37th. 27% more than Singapore
53.45
Ranked 74th.
Fear of crime > Violent hate crime 37.77
Ranked 19th. 3 times more than Singapore
10.96
Ranked 90th.
Fear of crime > Feels safe walking alone > At night 44.89
Ranked 56th.
78.75
Ranked 6th. 75% more than France
Kidnappings 3.53
Ranked 11th. 177 times more than Singapore
0.02
Ranked 55th.
Murders > Per 100,000 people 1.6
Ranked 105th. 23% more than Singapore
1.3
Ranked 112th.
Prisoners 56,957 prisoners
Ranked 25th. 3 times more than Singapore
16,310 prisoners
Ranked 56th.
Assaults 180.1
Ranked 4th. 12 times more than Singapore
14.6
Ranked 58th.
Punishment > Maximum length of sentence None None
Auto theft 323.4
Ranked 4th. 16 times more than Singapore
20.6
Ranked 50th.

Perceived problems > Problem violent crimes including assault and armed robbery 41.4
Ranked 39th. 3 times more than Singapore
14.83
Ranked 86th.
Murders > WHO 0.8
Ranked 173th. 60% more than Singapore
0.5
Ranked 179th.
Fear of crime > Feels safe walking alone > During the day 75.79
Ranked 56th.
87.5
Ranked 24th. 15% more than France

Serious assault rate 0.3
Ranked 67th.
2.6
Ranked 57th. 9 times more than France
United States extradition treaties > Entered into force February 1, 2002 June 24, 1935<br>June 10, 1969
Prisoners > Per capita 95 per 100,000 people
Ranked 95th.
388 per 100,000 people
Ranked 12th. 4 times more than France
Punishment > Crimes possibly attracting life sentence Aggravated murder, aggravated torture, aggravated treason, drug kinping, crimes against humanity, war crimes Drug trafficking, gun crime
Murders 494%
Ranked 6th. 29 times more than Singapore
17%
Ranked 34th.
Fear of crime > Worries about being attacked 48.14
Ranked 30th. 3 times more than Singapore
18.75
Ranked 87th.
Software piracy rate 42%
Ranked 82nd. 14% more than Singapore
37%
Ranked 86th.
Perceived problems > Property crimes including vandalism and theft 54.52
Ranked 35th. 2 times more than Singapore
23.73
Ranked 87th.
Drug offences 176.1 per 100,000 people
Ranked 51st. 4 times more than Singapore
46.8 per 100,000 people
Ranked 53th.
Perceived problems > Illegal drugs 51.63
Ranked 36th. 3 times more than Singapore
17.8
Ranked 91st.
Perceived problems > Problem corruption and bribery 27.63
Ranked 80th. 15% more than Singapore
24.07
Ranked 86th.
Punishment > Minimum life sentence to serve before eligibility for requesting parole 18\u201322 years (30 years or never for very rare cases) 20 years
Convictions 540,980
Ranked 3rd. 135245 times more than Singapore
4
Ranked 39th.
Fear of crime > Worries about being insulted 56.65
Ranked 15th. 3 times more than Singapore
16.95
Ranked 90th.
Fear of crime > Worries about being mugged or robbed 49.46
Ranked 36th. 3 times more than Singapore
17.5
Ranked 88th.
Illicit drugs transshipment point for and consumer of South American cocaine, Southwest Asian heroin, and European synthetics drug abuse limited because of aggressive law enforcement efforts; as a transportation and financial services hub, Singapore is vulnerable, despite strict laws and enforcement, as a venue for money laundering
Serious assaults 0.3
Ranked 6th.
2.6
Ranked 45th. 9 times more than France
Prisoners per 1000 0.922 prisoners
Ranked 95th.
3.91 prisoners
Ranked 14th. 4 times more than France
Murders committed by youths 91
Ranked 36th. 6 times more than Singapore
15
Ranked 61st.
Punishment > Crimes requiring mandatory sentence None Kidnapping for ransom
Drug related crime 57
Ranked 8th. 6 times more than Singapore
10
Ranked 55th.
Judges 11.5%
Ranked 3rd. 5 times more than Singapore
2.3%
Ranked 42nd.

Murders per million 7.77%
Ranked 27th. 2 times more than Singapore
3.86%
Ranked 32nd.
Fear of crime > Worries about home break and enter 40.86
Ranked 55th. 63% more than Singapore
25
Ranked 84th.
Prisoners > Female 3.8%
Ranked 73th.
10.4%
Ranked 6th. 3 times more than France
Punishment > Life sentence under the age of 18 or 21 under 16 : max. 20 years' imprisonment Prisoner detained at the President's discretion
Convictions per 1000 8.5
Ranked 11th. 9357 times more than Singapore
0.000909
Ranked 39th.
Punishment > Has life imprisonment Yes Yes
Murders committed by youths per million 1.5
Ranked 65th.
3.79
Ranked 47th. 3 times more than France
Fear of crime > Worries about things from car being stolen 47.19
Ranked 55th. 2 times more than Singapore
22.41
Ranked 88th.
Punishment > Has indefinite sentence Yes, but only if decided by court at sentencing Yes
Prosecutors 2.7%
Ranked 10th. 35% more than Singapore
2%
Ranked 31st.
Fear of crime > Worries about car being stolen 37.09
Ranked 50th. 2 times more than Singapore
14.91
Ranked 89th.
Prisoners > Foreign prisoners 21.4%
Ranked 25th. 8% more than Singapore
19.9%
Ranked 27th.
Prisoners > Share of prison capacity filled 124.7%
Ranked 55th. 16% more than Singapore
107.1%
Ranked 81st.
Prisoners > Pre-trial detainees 37.4%
Ranked 54th. 3 times more than Singapore
11.8%
Ranked 127th.
Unpaid diplomatic parking fines 6.1
Ranked 79th. 74% more than Singapore
3.5
Ranked 92nd.
Convictions > Juveniles 39,059
Ranked 2nd. 9765 times more than Singapore
4
Ranked 38th.
United States extradition treaties > Date signed April 23, 1996 December 22, 1931
Unpaid diplomatic parking fines per million 0.0987
Ranked 108th.
0.838
Ranked 67th. 8 times more than France
Convictions > Juveniles per million 613.96
Ranked 11th. 676 times more than Singapore
0.909
Ranked 38th.

SOURCES: Wikipedia: Defense of infancy (Ages of criminal responsibility by country); European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control International Statistics on Crime and Justice, 2011; crime; https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/WDR2011/World_Drug_Report_2011_ebook.pdf, World Drug Report 2011, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), 2011, p. 217.; Wikipedia: List of countries by prevalence of opiates use ("World Drug Report 2011" . United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 2011. "World Drug Report 2006" . United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 2006. http://www.unodc.org/documents/wdr/WDR_2009/WDR2009_eng_web.pdf); Wikipedia: Capital punishment in Europe (Abolition); UN Crime Stats; Annexe I of the Small Arms Survey 2007 ; Wikipedia: List of countries by intentional homicide rate by decade; United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Source tables; United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Statistics : Crime : Sexual Violence (UNODC) and Crime Statistics : Sexual Violence Against Children and Rape, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime; Statistics : Crime : Sexual Violence (UNODC) and Crime Statistics : Sexual Violence Against Children and Rape, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control International Statistics on Crime and Justice, 2011; UN Office on Drugs and Crime, UN Survey of Crime Trends, at http://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/IHS-rates-05012009.pdf.; The Eighth United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2002) (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Centre for International Crime Prevention); Wikipedia: Life imprisonment (Summary by country); World Health Organisation.; Wikipedia: List of United States extradition treaties; International Centre for Prison Studies - World Prison Brief; Fifth Annual BSA and IDC Global Software Piracy Study; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; The Eighth United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2002) (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Centre for International Crime Prevention). Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Health Organization: World report on violence and health, 2002; European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control International Statistics on Crime and Justice, 2011. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Health Organization: World report on violence and health, 2002. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Cultures of Corruption: Evidence from Diplomatic Parking Tickets Ray Fisman Edward Miguel Columbia University and NBER University of California, Berkeley and NBER 2006; Cultures of Corruption: Evidence from Diplomatic Parking Tickets Ray Fisman Edward Miguel Columbia University and NBER University of California, Berkeley and NBER 2006. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.

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