Government > Leaders Stats: compare key data on Italy & Peru

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STAT	Italy	Peru	HISTORY
Head of state > Term limit for head of state	7 Ranked 8th. 40% more than Peru	5 Ranked 66th.
President	Giorgio Napolitano	Ollanta Humala
President > Profile	<p>Giorgio Napolitano was re-elected as president of Italy in April 2013 - the first time in the history of the Italian republic that an incumbent president had been voted in to serve a second term.</p> <p>The 87-years-old Mr Napolitano had previously signalled that he was keen to retire and had ruled himself out as a candidate, but after five rounds of voting failed to elect a new president, he was prevailed upon to stand as a consensus candidate in the sixth round.</p> <p>In that ballot, he secured 738 votes out of a possible total of 1,007 that could be cast by the combined chambers of parliament.</p> <p>Mr Napolitano&#039;s re-election came in the wake of an inconclusive parliamentary election in February 2013 that gave rise to protracted negotiations over the formation of a new government.</p> <p>During this period, the president came to be seen as a guarantor of stability. However, those pushing for change and a radical shake-up of the old political class saw Mr Napolitano&#039;s re-election as a further sign of political stagnation.</p> <p>Giorgio Napolitano began his first term of office in May 2006, when he was sworn in as Italy&#039;s 11th post-war president.</p> <p>The former member of the Italian Communist Party was among the leading architects of the party&#039;s transformation into a social-democratic movement.</p> <p>The Italian president heads the armed forces and has powers to veto legislation, disband parliament and call elections.</p> <p>For most of his first term, Mr Napolitano preferred to remain distant from the often treacherous world of Italian parliamentary politics, and so when he did intervene directly - as happened in November 2011, when he issued a not-so-coded message to the political class to examine its conscience and acknowledge collective responsibility for the crisis facing the country - his words carried considerable weight.</p>	<p>Ollanta Humala, a career army officer, won the June 2011 presidential election after promising to respect democracy and spread the benefits of a decade-long economic boom to the poor.</p> <p>He narrowly beat Keiko Fujimori, the daughter of jailed former President Alberto Fujimori.</p> <p>As Mr Humala emerged as victor in the polls, financial markets plunged on fears that he would ruin the economy.</p> <p>Mr Humala, 48 at the time of his election, burst onto the political scene in 2000 when he led a short-lived bloodless revolt to demand that former President Fujimori resign after 10 years in power. In the 1990s, he fought in the jungle against Shining Path guerrillas.</p> <p>Uprising</span> <p>He comes from a family of prominent radicals. His brother, Antauro Humala, led a failed uprising in 2005 against former President Alejandro Toledo&#039;s government and was jailed for the violent protest that killed four police officers.</p> <p>His father, Isaac Humala, is a central figure in an ethnic movement that seeks to reclaim Peru&#039;s Incan glory by spurning foreign interests.</p> <p>In 2006, Humala narrowly lost the presidential election to Alan Garcia. He campaigned in a red polo shirt and called for a dramatic transformation in the style of Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez&#039;s declared &quot;socialist revolution&quot;.</p> <p>Since then he has recast himself as a family man. He has softened his radical image and disavowed his affinity for Mr Chavez.</p> <p>He promises Peru&#039;s poor a greater share of the country&#039;s considerable mineral wealth and pledged to honour the free market but put Peruvians first.</p>
President > Summary	President Giorgio Napolitano has been a stabilising influence on Italian political life	Ollanta Humala comes from a family of prominent radicals
Prime Minister	Enrico Letta (resigned)	Cesar Villanueva
Prime Minister > Profile	<p>After less than a year in the job, Enrico Letta resigned as prime minister in February 2014, after his Democratic Party (PD) voted in favour of an urgent change of government to push through reforms. </p> <p>President Giorgio Napolitano then asked PD leader and mayor of Florence, Matteo Renzi, to form a new government.</p> <p>Mr Letta was named prime minister in April 2013 after inconclusive elections at a time when Italy was mired in recession. </p> <p>He forged a coalition with former premier Silvio Berlusconi&#039;s conservatives - an unusual alliance of bitter rivals - as well as centrists led by former prime minister Mario Monti.</p> <p>The creation of the coalition at first appeared to pave the way for yet another political comeback for Mr Berlusconi, who was forced to resign in 2011 as Italy slid deeper into the eurozone&#039;s sovereign debt crisis. </p> <p>Mr Letta&#039;s appointment of a protege of Mr Berlusconi, Angelino Alfano, as his deputy initially raised suspicions that the scandal-tainted billionaire tycoon would continue to call the shots from the sidelines.</p> <p>However, the former prime minister&#039;s accumulating criminal convictions cast a shadow over the future of the coalition, and the Supreme Court&#039;s upholding of a custodial sentence for Mr Berlusconi in the first of these cases in August 2013 caused further tremors within the government.</p> <p>Mr Berlusconi responded to moves to expel him from parliament and deprive him of his immunity from arrest by attempting to bring down the government. This move backfired when Mr Alfano refused to follow the instructions of his former mentor and formed his own breakaway centre-right faction.</p> <p>But even after having been finally flung out of parliament in November, Mr Berlusconi continued to insist that he would remain a force in Italian politics as the leader of Forza Italia - a party that still enjoys considerable electoral support.</p> <p>Mr Letta, aged 46 at the time of his inauguration, is a moderate with a reputation as a political bridge-builder.</p> <p>On taking office said he would act fast to reverse an austerity policy he argued was killing Italy and called on Europe to become a motor for growth.</p> <p>But tensions within his own party over the pace of reform and differences over economic policy came to a head after Matteo Renzi was elected leader of the PD in December 2013. Mr Renzi forced a showdown in which the PD backed his vision of a new government that could implement &quot;profound change&quot; and get Italy &quot;out of the quagmire&quot;. Mr Letta had no choice but to step down. </p>	<p>Peru is unusual among South American countries in having the post of prime minister. </p> <p>President Humala appointed Mr Villanueva as his fourth prime minister in a cabinet reshuffle in November 2013. </p> <p>Mr Villanueva is a widely praised regional politician who has twice been elected president of the northern Amazonian region of San Martin and is affiliated with centre-left parties. </p> <p>After being sworn in he said he supports the free-market economic policies that have been in place for years in Peru.</p>
Prime Minister > Summary	Enrico Letta led a grand coalition	President Humala, left, selected seasoned regional politician Mr Villanueva, right, as prime minister

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