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Crime Stats: compare key data on Philippines & Singapore

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Definitions

  • Age of criminal responsibility: The age at which a person is no longer excluded from criminal liability.  The lowest age is indicated for countries where there isn’t a single age limit, for example where different states have different regulations (such as the USA) or there is different limits for boy and girls (such as in Iran). The spectrum is specifically wide for the USA and Mexico (both 6-12 years). Several US states do not stipulate any minimal age for criminal responsibility at all. For further qualifications, exceptions and other notes, please refer to notes.
  • Assault rate: Number of assaults recorded by police per 100,000 population
  • Crime levels: Level of crime. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How serious you feel the level of crime is?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Drugs > Annual cannabis use: Estimate of percentage of 15-64 year old population who use Cannabis.
  • Justice system > Punishment > Capital punishment (last execution year): Year of last use.
  • Murder rate: Homicide rate per year per 100,000 inhabitants in various countries.
  • Police officers: Number of police officers per 100,000 population.
  • Rape rate: Number of rape incidents per 100,000 citizens in different countries. Figures do not take into account rape incidents that go unreported to the police.
  • Suicide rates > Suicide rate (both sexes): Suicides per 100’000 residents per year.
  • Violent crime > Gun crime > Guns per 100 residents: Number of privately owned small firearms per 100 residents.
  • Violent crime > Intentional homicide rate: Homicides per 100’000 residents. Homicide is the death of a person purposefully inflicted by another person (it excludes suicides) outside of a state of war. Homicide is a broader category than murder, as it also includes manslaughter. The exact legal definition varies across countries, some of which include infanticide, assisted suicide, euthanasia and deaths caused by dangerous driving.
  • Violent crime > Murder rate: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population.
  • Violent crime > Murder rate per million people: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
  • Violent crime > Rapes: The number of recorded rapes. Large numbers of rapes go unreported. South Africa is estimated to have 500,000 rapes per year, Egypt 200,000, China 32,000 and the UK with 85,000 rapes per year.
  • Violent crime > Rapes per million people: The number of recorded rapes. Large numbers of rapes go unreported. South Africa is estimated to have 500,000 rapes per year, Egypt 200,000, China 32,000 and the UK with 85,000 rapes per year. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
  • Violent crime > Murders per million people: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
  • Violent crime > Murders: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population.
  • Robberies: Number of robberies recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population.
  • Believes crime increasing in the past 3 years: Crime increasing in the past 3 years. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "In the past three years would you say the level of crime in your community has increased, stayed about the same, or decreased?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Fear of crime > Violent hate crime: Worries being subject to a physical attack because of your skin colour, ethnic origin or religion. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How worried are you about)......being subject to a physical attack because of your skin colour, ethnic origin or religion?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Fear of crime > Feels safe walking alone > At night: Safety walking alone during night. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How safe do you feel walking alone in this city during the night?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Kidnappings: Number of kidnappings recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population.
  • Murders > Per 100,000 people: Intentional homicide rate is the estimate of intentional homicides in a country as a result of domestic disputes that end in a killing, interpersonal violence, violent conflicts over land resources, inter-gang violence over turf or control, and predatory violence and killing by armed groups. The term, intentional homicide, is broad, but it does not include all intentional killing. In particular, deaths arising from armed conflict are usually considered separately. The difference is usually described by the organisation of the killing. Individuals or small groups usually commit homicide, whereas the killing in armed conflict is usually committed by more or less cohesive groups of up to several hundred members. Two main sources of data are presented: criminal justice (law enforcement) measures (this series), supplemented by data from national statistical agencies, and measures from public health sources (see other intentional homicide series). These various sources measure slightly different phenomena and are therefore unlikely to provide identical numbers."
  • Prisoners: Total persons incarcerated
  • Assaults: Number of assaults recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population.
  • Perceived problems > Problem violent crimes including assault and armed robbery: Problem violent crimes such as assault and armed robbery. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How much of a problem are...) violent crimes such as assault and armed robbery?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Murders > WHO: Intentional homicide rate is the estimate of intentional homicides in a country as a result of domestic disputes that end in a killing, interpersonal violence, violent conflicts over land resources, inter-gang violence over turf or control, and predatory violence and killing by armed groups. The term, intentional homicide, is broad, but it does not include all intentional killing. In particular, deaths arising from armed conflict are usually considered separately. The difference is usually described by the organisation of the killing. Individuals or small groups usually commit homicide, whereas the killing in armed conflict is usually committed by more or less cohesive groups of up to several hundred members. Two main sources of data are presented: criminal justice (law enforcement) measures (this series), supplemented by data from national statistical agencies, and measures from public health sources (see other intentional homicide series). These various sources measure slightly different phenomena and are therefore unlikely to provide identical numbers."
  • Fear of crime > Feels safe walking alone > During the day: Safety walking alone during daylight. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How safe do you feel walking alone in this city during the daylight?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Serious assault rate: Number of major assaults recorded by police per 100,000 population
  • Prisoners > Per capita: Data for 2003. Number of prisoners held per 100,000 population.
  • Fear of crime > Worries about being attacked: Worries attacked. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How worried are you about)......being physically attacked by strangers?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Suicide rates > Suicide rate (males): Male.
  • Software piracy rate: The piracy rate is the total number of units of pirated software deployed in 2007 divided by the total units of software installed.
  • Perceived problems > Property crimes including vandalism and theft: Problem property crimes such as vandalism and theft. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How much of a problem are...) property crimes such as vandalism and theft?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Perceived problems > Illegal drugs: Problem people using or dealing drugs. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How much of a problem are...) people using or dealing drugs?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Suicide rates > Suicide rate (females: Female.
  • Perceived problems > Problem corruption and bribery: Problem corruption and bribery. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How much of a problem are...) corruption and bribery?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Fear of crime > Worries about being insulted: Worries being insulted. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How worried are you about)......being insulted or pestered by anybody, while in the street or any other public place?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Fear of crime > Worries about being mugged or robbed: Worries being mugged or robbed. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How worried are you about)......being mugged and robbed?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Illicit drugs: Crime statistics are often better indicators of prevalence of law enforcement and willingness to report crime, than actual prevalence.
  • Serious assaults: Number of major assaults recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population.
  • Prisoners per 1000: Total persons incarcerated. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Murders committed by youths: Homicide rates among youths aged 10–29 years by country or area: most recent year available (variable 1990–1999).
  • Drug related crime: Number of drug related crimes recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population.
  • Judges: Number of professional judges per 100,000 population.
  • Fear of crime > Worries about home break and enter: Worries home broken and things stolen. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How worried are you about....having your home broken into and something stolen?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Prisoners > Female: Female prisoners, expressed as a percentage share of the total prison population. Data for 2003.
  • Murders committed by youths per million: Homicide rates among youths aged 10–29 years by country or area: most recent year available (variable 1990–1999). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Fear of crime > Worries about things from car being stolen: Worries things from car stolen. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How worried are you about)......having things stolen from your car?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Fear of crime > Worries about car being stolen: Worries car stolen. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How worried are you about)......having your car stolen?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Prison staff: Number of correction staff in adult prisons per 100,000 population.
  • Prisoners > Foreign prisoners: Prisoners who are foreign nationals, expressed as a percentage share of total prison population. Data for 2003.
  • Prisoners > Share of prison capacity filled: The percentage of the offical prison capacity filled. This is obtained by comparing the number of prisoners in a nation to the offical capacity of the nation's prison system. Data for 2003.
  • Organised crime gang membership > Police recorded offenses: Number of organised crime gang participation offences recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population.
  • Organised crime gang membership > Police recorded offenses per million: Number of organised crime gang participation offences recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Prisoners > Pre-trial detainees: The percentage of the prison population that is being held pre-trial / on remand. Data for 2003.
  • Unpaid diplomatic parking fines: Average Unpaid Annual New York City Parking Violations per Diplomat, 11/1997 to 11/2002.
  • Smuggling of migrants > Police recorded offences per million: Number of offences relating to smuggling of migrants (people smuggling) as recorded by police in that country. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Unpaid diplomatic parking fines per million: Average Unpaid Annual New York City Parking Violations per Diplomat, 11/1997 to 11/2002. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Smuggling of migrants > Convictions: Number of people convicted for smuggling migrants by country.
  • Smuggling of migrants > Police recorded offences: Number of offences relating to smuggling of migrants (people smuggling) as recorded by police in that country.
  • Smuggling of migrants > Number prosecuted: Number of people prosecuted for smuggling migrants by country.
  • Smuggling of migrants > Number prosecuted per million: Number of people prosecuted for smuggling migrants by country. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Smuggling of migrants > Convictions per million: Number of people convicted for smuggling migrants by country. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
STAT Philippines Singapore HISTORY
Age of criminal responsibility 15
Ranked 13th. 2 times more than Singapore
7
Ranked 51st.
Assault rate 0.1
Ranked 93th.
14.6
Ranked 79th. 146 times more than Philippines
Crime levels 45.4
Ranked 48th. 4 times more than Singapore
12.72
Ranked 92nd.
Drugs > Annual cannabis use 0.8%
Ranked 23th. 200 times more than Singapore
0.004%
Ranked 12th.
Justice system > Punishment > Capital punishment (last execution year) 1,999
Ranked 31st.
2,011
Ranked 20th. 1% more than Philippines
Murder rate 6.4 0.38
Police officers 149.1
Ranked 11th. 39 times more than Singapore
3.8
Ranked 4th.

Rape rate 6.3
Ranked 37th. 2 times more than Singapore
2.7
Ranked 67th.

Suicide rates > Suicide rate (both sexes) 2.75
Ranked 4th.
10.3
Ranked 2nd. 4 times more than Philippines
Violent crime > Gun crime > Guns per 100 residents 4.7
Ranked 100th. 9 times more than Singapore
0.5
Ranked 161st.
Violent crime > Intentional homicide rate 5.4
Ranked 34th. 11 times more than Singapore
0.51
Ranked 81st.

Violent crime > Murder rate 4,947
Ranked 13th. 309 times more than Singapore
16
Ranked 11th.

Violent crime > Murder rate per million people 53.84
Ranked 45th. 17 times more than Singapore
3.09
Ranked 11th.

Violent crime > Rapes 5,813
Ranked 10th. 49 times more than Singapore
118
Ranked 66th.

Violent crime > Rapes per million people 63.26
Ranked 37th. 2 times more than Singapore
26.81
Ranked 68th.

Violent crime > Murders per million people 53.84
Ranked 45th. 17 times more than Singapore
3.09
Ranked 11th.

Violent crime > Murders 4,947
Ranked 13th. 309 times more than Singapore
16
Ranked 11th.

Robberies 8.4
Ranked 60th.
21.7
Ranked 53th. 3 times more than Philippines

Believes crime increasing in the past 3 years 45.69
Ranked 88th.
53.45
Ranked 74th. 17% more than Philippines
Fear of crime > Violent hate crime 20.98
Ranked 69th. 91% more than Singapore
10.96
Ranked 90th.
Fear of crime > Feels safe walking alone > At night 54.05
Ranked 45th.
78.75
Ranked 6th. 46% more than Philippines
Kidnappings 0.03
Ranked 54th. 50% more than Singapore
0.02
Ranked 55th.
Murders > Per 100,000 people 21
Ranked 21st. 16 times more than Singapore
1.3
Ranked 112th.
Prisoners 70,383 prisoners
Ranked 18th. 4 times more than Singapore
16,310 prisoners
Ranked 56th.
Assaults 0.1
Ranked 12th.
14.6
Ranked 58th. 146 times more than Philippines
Perceived problems > Problem violent crimes including assault and armed robbery 45.18
Ranked 34th. 3 times more than Singapore
14.83
Ranked 86th.
Murders > WHO 11.9
Ranked 56th. 24 times more than Singapore
0.5
Ranked 179th.
Fear of crime > Feels safe walking alone > During the day 74.86
Ranked 61st.
87.5
Ranked 24th. 17% more than Philippines

Serious assault rate 0.0
Ranked 78th.
2.6
Ranked 57th.
United States extradition treaties > Entered into force November 22, 1996 June 24, 1935<br>June 10, 1969
Prisoners > Per capita 94 per 100,000 people
Ranked 96th.
388 per 100,000 people
Ranked 12th. 4 times more than Philippines
Fear of crime > Worries about being attacked 41.86
Ranked 44th. 2 times more than Singapore
18.75
Ranked 87th.
Suicide rates > Suicide rate (males) 4.5
Ranked 5th.
13.3
Ranked 2nd. 3 times more than Philippines
Software piracy rate 69%
Ranked 43th. 86% more than Singapore
37%
Ranked 86th.
Perceived problems > Property crimes including vandalism and theft 47.32
Ranked 54th. Twice as much as Singapore
23.73
Ranked 87th.
Perceived problems > Illegal drugs 45.74
Ranked 46th. 3 times more than Singapore
17.8
Ranked 91st.
Suicide rates > Suicide rate (females 1
Ranked 4th.
7.3
Ranked 1st. 7 times more than Philippines
Perceived problems > Problem corruption and bribery 55.19
Ranked 63th. 2 times more than Singapore
24.07
Ranked 86th.
Fear of crime > Worries about being insulted 30.09
Ranked 73th. 78% more than Singapore
16.95
Ranked 90th.
Fear of crime > Worries about being mugged or robbed 47.79
Ranked 39th. 3 times more than Singapore
17.5
Ranked 88th.
Illicit drugs domestic methamphetamine production has been a growing problem in recent years despite government crackdowns; major consumer of amphetamines; longstanding marijuana producer mainly in rural areas where Manila's control is limited drug abuse limited because of aggressive law enforcement efforts; as a transportation and financial services hub, Singapore is vulnerable, despite strict laws and enforcement, as a venue for money laundering
Serious assaults 0.0
Ranked 10th.
2.6
Ranked 45th.
Prisoners per 1000 0.869 prisoners
Ranked 100th.
3.91 prisoners
Ranked 14th. 4 times more than Philippines
Murders committed by youths 3,252
Ranked 6th. 217 times more than Singapore
15
Ranked 61st.
Drug related crime 5
Ranked 61st.
10
Ranked 55th. Twice as much as Philippines
Judges 2.5%
Ranked 41st. 9% more than Singapore
2.3%
Ranked 42nd.

Fear of crime > Worries about home break and enter 45.18
Ranked 47th. 81% more than Singapore
25
Ranked 84th.
Prisoners > Female 4%
Ranked 70th.
10.4%
Ranked 6th. 3 times more than Philippines
Murders committed by youths per million 42.78
Ranked 12th. 11 times more than Singapore
3.79
Ranked 47th.
Fear of crime > Worries about things from car being stolen 43.75
Ranked 64th. 95% more than Singapore
22.41
Ranked 88th.
Fear of crime > Worries about car being stolen 40.18
Ranked 46th. 3 times more than Singapore
14.91
Ranked 89th.
Prison staff 10.8%
Ranked 50th.
45.8%
Ranked 31st. 4 times more than Philippines

Prisoners > Foreign prisoners 0.6%
Ranked 76th.
19.9%
Ranked 27th. 33 times more than Philippines
Prisoners > Share of prison capacity filled 156.4%
Ranked 28th. 46% more than Singapore
107.1%
Ranked 81st.
Organised crime gang membership > Police recorded offenses 1
Ranked 49th.
0.0
Ranked 55th.

Organised crime gang membership > Police recorded offenses per million 0.0114
Ranked 51st.
0.0
Ranked 54th.

Prisoners > Pre-trial detainees 38.2%
Ranked 53th. 3 times more than Singapore
11.8%
Ranked 127th.
Unpaid diplomatic parking fines 11.5
Ranked 53th. 3 times more than Singapore
3.5
Ranked 92nd.
United States extradition treaties > Date signed November 13, 1994 December 22, 1931
Smuggling of migrants > Police recorded offences per million 0.0
Ranked 52nd.
1,305.04
Ranked 1st.

Unpaid diplomatic parking fines per million 0.142
Ranked 103th.
0.838
Ranked 67th. 6 times more than Philippines
Smuggling of migrants > Convictions 1
Ranked 33th.
0.0
Ranked 35th.

Smuggling of migrants > Police recorded offences 0.0
Ranked 54th.
5,744
Ranked 3rd.

Smuggling of migrants > Number prosecuted 1
Ranked 40th.
0.0
Ranked 49th.
Smuggling of migrants > Number prosecuted per million 0.0114
Ranked 42nd.
0.0
Ranked 49th.
Smuggling of migrants > Convictions per million 0.0114
Ranked 34th.
0.0
Ranked 35th.

SOURCES: Wikipedia: Defense of infancy (Ages of criminal responsibility by country); European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control International Statistics on Crime and Justice, 2011; crime; https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/WDR2011/World_Drug_Report_2011_ebook.pdf, World Drug Report 2011, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), 2011, p. 217.; Wikipedia: Capital punishment in Europe (Abolition); UN Crime Stats; Wikipedia: List of countries by suicide rate (Suicide rates per 100,000 by country, year and sex (Table) ); Annexe I of the Small Arms Survey 2007 ; Wikipedia: List of countries by intentional homicide rate by decade; United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Source tables; United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Statistics : Crime : Sexual Violence (UNODC) and Crime Statistics : Sexual Violence Against Children and Rape, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime; Statistics : Crime : Sexual Violence (UNODC) and Crime Statistics : Sexual Violence Against Children and Rape, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control International Statistics on Crime and Justice, 2011; UN Office on Drugs and Crime, UN Survey of Crime Trends, at http://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/IHS-rates-05012009.pdf.; The Eighth United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2002) (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Centre for International Crime Prevention); World Health Organisation.; Wikipedia: List of United States extradition treaties; International Centre for Prison Studies - World Prison Brief; Fifth Annual BSA and IDC Global Software Piracy Study; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; The Eighth United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2002) (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Centre for International Crime Prevention). Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Health Organization: World report on violence and health, 2002; World Health Organization: World report on violence and health, 2002. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control International Statistics on Crime and Justice, 2011. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Cultures of Corruption: Evidence from Diplomatic Parking Tickets Ray Fisman Edward Miguel Columbia University and NBER University of California, Berkeley and NBER 2006; Cultures of Corruption: Evidence from Diplomatic Parking Tickets Ray Fisman Edward Miguel Columbia University and NBER University of California, Berkeley and NBER 2006. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.

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