Military Stats: compare key data on Serbia and Montenegro & United Kingdom

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STAT	Serbia and Montenegro	United Kingdom	HISTORY
Armed forces personnel > Total	24,000 Ranked 89th.	160,000 Ranked 36th. 7 times more than Serbia and Montenegro
Arms imports > Constant 1990 US$	27 million constant 1990 US$ Ranked 57th.	94 million constant 1990 US$ Ranked 40th. 3 times more than Serbia and Montenegro
Branches	Serbian Armed Forces (Vojska Srbije, VS): Land Forces Command (includes Riverine Component, consisting of a river flotilla on the Danube), Joint Operations Command, Air and Air Defense Forces Command	Army, Royal Navy (includes Royal Marines), Royal Air Force
Expenditure > Current LCU	47782000000	31358000000
Expenditures > Dollar figure	$654.00 million Ranked 14th.	$42.84 billion Ranked 3rd. 65 times more than Serbia and Montenegro
Manpower > Reaching military age annually > Males	66,263 Ranked 94th.	400,927 Ranked 28th. 6 times more than Serbia and Montenegro
Manpower fit for military service > Males age 16-49	1395426	None
Military expenditure > Current LCU	64.29 billion Ranked 34th. 70% more than United Kingdom	37.78 billion Ranked 43th.
Personnel	110,000 Ranked 52nd.	217,000 Ranked 28th. 97% more than Serbia and Montenegro
Personnel > Per capita	13.61 per 1,000 people Ranked 21st. 4 times more than United Kingdom	3.6 per 1,000 people Ranked 93th.
Service age and obligation	19-35 years of age for compulsory military service; under a state of war or impending war, conscription can begin at age 16; conscription is to be abolished in 2010; 9-month service obligation, with a reserve obligation to age 60 for men and 50 for women	16-33 years of age (officers 17-28) for voluntary military service (with parental consent under 18); women serve in military services, but are excluded from ground combat positions and some naval postings; must be citizen of the UK, Commonwealth, or Republic of Ireland; reservists serve a minimum of 3 years, to age 45 or 55; 16 years of age for voluntary military service by Nepalese citizens in the Brigade of the Gurkhas; 16-34 years of age for voluntary military service by Papua New Guinean citizens
WMD > Biological	There is no evidence in the open literature of the existence of a biological warfare program within the FRY or any of its successor states. Published allegations during the 2002 Boka Star smuggling incident suggested Serbia and Montenegro had possibly shipped biological equipment to Iraq, although this could not be confirmed. Yugoslavia signed the Geneva Protocol in 1929. Serbia and Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and Slovenia are all states parties to the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BWC).	Under its former biological warfare program (1936-1956), the United Kingdom weaponized anthrax and conducted research on the pathogens that cause plague and typhoid fever, as well as botulinum toxin. The United Kingdom no longer has an offensive biological weapons program, although its defensive biological program is strong. On March 28, 2005, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Russia issued a joint statement in affirmation of their support for the BTWC and called on all remaining countries not party to the BWC to implement and comply with the pact. London ratified the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention in March 1975.
WMD > Missile	Yugoslavia has acquired and developed short-range tactical rockets and anti-aircraft systems, including the 262mm M-87 Orkan multiple rocket launcher produced at the Vogosca facility north of Sarajevo. Timer fuses for the rocket are produced at the Binas facility. Prior to Desert Storm, Yugoslavia worked cooperatively with Iraq in the latter's efforts to manufacture this rocket indigenously and others. The 2002 Boka Star incident included the confiscation of 208 solid-propellant rocket fuel components, as well as undocumented reports that the shipment included missiles. Belgrade and Baghdad cooperated on other military projects, including Iraq's transfer of production plans for the Al-Taw'han medium-range air-to-air missile and Yugoslavia's reported assistance with Iraq's Al-Samoud ballistic missile. There are unconfirmed reports that Serbia had a ballistic missile development program during the 1990s, which it may have abandoned due to financial constraints, while other companies were contracted though Jugoimport-SDPR for Iraq to provide for maintenance and adaptation of SA-2 and SA-6 anti-aircraft missiles. Yugoslavian air defenses extensively utilize Soviet/Russian short-range surface-to-air missiles (SAM), and Belgrade used the SA-2 SAM as a ballistic missile during the recent Balkan conflicts. Other medium-range missile systems employed by Belgrade include the Russian-made FROG-7 and the Swedish RBS-15F air-to-ship missile. The U.S. Embassy's 2002 non-paper claimed the FRY assisted both Libya and Iraq with their "long range" missile/rocket programs, sighting the presence of FRY missile specialists in Iraq throughout 2001. Other scientists from Belgrade have developed a plethora of dual-use technologies suitable for a "poor-man's" cruise missile, and are rumored to have helped Iraqi scientists convert Iraqi MiG-21 and other training vehicles into unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In January 2004, Serbia began destroying approximately 1,200 heat-seeking Strela shoulder-fired missiles after Russia, the United States, and 31 other nations pressured Belgrade to remove the obsolete weapons, fearing they might be diverted and used by terrorists. In a related development, NATO announced in March 2004 that it had destroyed 3,000 surface-to-air missiles in Croatia. In December of 2004, however, three Strela 2 missiles were intercepted by Albanian police en route to Macedonia. November 2004 events indicate the United States acquired a S-300 Russian missile defense system from Croatia. None of the former republics of Yugoslavia is a member of the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR).	The United Kingdom's sole nuclear deterrent is based on four new Vanguard-class submarines, each outfitted to carry 16 U.S.-supplied Trident II sea-launched ballistic missiles (SLBM) and 48 warheads. Britain shares a pool of missiles with the United States at the Strategic Weapons Facility Atlantic, Kings Bay Submarine Base, Georgia. The Royal Navy retrieves missiles from the U.S. storage area and places warheads on the missiles onboard. Missiles are serviced by the United States. Although Britain has title to 58 SLBMs, it technically does not own them. The nuclear role of Britain's Tornado aircraft was terminated in 1998, bringing to an end a four-decade history of Royal Air Force aircraft carrying nuclear weapons. In 2004, British and U.S. officials conducted negotiations concerning the development of new "mini-nukes" to replace Britain's aging Trident system, a politically sensitive subject in the country.
WMD > Nuclear	The FRY currently has no active nuclear weapons program. From the early 1950s through the mid-1970s, Yugoslavia intermittently pursued both a nuclear energy and weapons program. The regime of Josip Tito, primarily driven by a desire for international status rather than security concerns, initiated the program in the late 1940s (though the Tito regime was truly frightened by the potential aggression of the Stalinist USSR and strengthened its defenses accordingly). Belgrade collaborated with Norway, which had an advanced nuclear research program, until Tito deactivated the weapons program in the early 1960s. After India conducted its first nuclear test in 1974, Yugoslavia restarted its weapons program to "compete" with its rival for leadership of the nonaligned movement. Limited financial resources and indifference among the nuclear scientists working on the program brought it to an end in 1987 without ever producing a functioning weapon. In August 2002, 48 kilograms of 80 percent highly enriched uranium (HEU) were transferred from the Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences near Belgrade to a processing plant in Dmitrovgrad, Russia. The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia acceded to the Treaty on Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) in 1970 and signed an Additional Protocol with the International Atomic Energy Agency in July 2005. (Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro, and Slovenia are signatories to the NPT.)	The United Kingdom is a nuclear weapon state party to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). The UK's current stockpile is thought to consist of less than 200 strategic and "sub-strategic" warheads on Vanguard-class nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines (SSBN). The Strategic Defense Review of July 1998 called for major changes in the United Kingdom's nuclear weapons program. Air-delivered weapons were removed from service, leaving the SSBNs as the United Kingdom's only nuclear deterrent. The Review mandated that only one submarine be on patrol at a time, with its missiles detargeted and with a reduced number of warheads (maximum of 48). On May 1, 2004, the Nuclear Safeguards Act went into effect in the United Kingdom, providing necessary legislation for the enforcement of the "additional protocol" designed to provide greater protection against nuclear non-proliferation. This protocol built on existing nuclear safeguards agreements with the IAEA. The United Kingdom ratified the NPT in November 1968 and the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty in June 1998.
War deaths	0.0 Ranked 192nd.	0.0 Ranked 125th.
Expenditures > Dollar figure > Per $ GDP	$42.12 per 1,000 $ of GDP Ranked 11th. 78% more than United Kingdom	$23.72 per 1,000 $ of GDP Ranked 34th.
WMD > Overview	The Former Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), now known as the Federation of Serbia and Montenegro, currently has no active nuclear weapons program, though it intermittently pursued both a nuclear energy and weapons program throughout the Tito regime. The FRY is known to have produced a variety of chemical weapons, with a majority of the stockpile inherited by the FRY. There were allegations of chemical weapons use in the former Yugoslavia during the wars of the 1990s. There is no evidence of a biological warfare program in the FRY or any of its successor states. The FRY has acquired and developed short-range tactical rockets, predominantly multiple launch rocket systems (MLRSs), and cooperated with Iraq on the manufacture of rockets and other military projects before Desert Storm. The FRY extensively employs Soviet/Russian air-defense missile systems.	The United Kingdom is party to all major nonproliferation treaties and is a member of all major international export control regimes. The British government has made substantial reductions in its nuclear forces, partly due to changes in response to its July 1998 Strategic Defence Review. Though it once possessed biological and chemical warfare programs, London ended both programs in the mid-50s. Its limited missile program is now composed entirely of sea-launched missiles.
WMD > Chemical	Yugoslavia is known to have produced a variety of chemical weapons. The majority of stockpiled weapons is believed to have been inherited by its successor, Serbia and Montenegro. Reports indicate that the former Yugoslavia's Army produced significant quantities of sarin (50 tons), sulfur mustard, phosgene, the incapacitant BZ (allegedly a stockpile of 300 tons), and tear gas. At least four chemical warfare production facilities have been identified in Serbia: Prva Iskra in Baric; Miloje Blagojevic in Lucani; and Milojie Zakic and Merima in Krusevac. While the Trajal plant in Krusevac is no longer associated with the production of CW agents, serious questions exist about accounting and previous production and storage of chemical materials there, as well the lack of accounting on the other three sites. Yugoslavia used its chemical warfare (CW) technologies to develop chemical munitions for Iraq prior to the first Gulf War in the "Jastrebac" (Little Hawk) program and chemical munitions for the Orkan MLRS system under the "KOL15" program. There have been allegations that chemical weapons were used in the area of the former Yugoslavia: both Bosnian Serbs and Bosnian Croats alleged that Bosnian government forces used chlorine during the conflict in Bosnia; Bosnian Serbs allegedly used BZ against Moslem refugees in July 1995; and the FRY Army may have used BZ against Kosovo Albanians in 1999. Mysterious deaths during the 1999 NATO bombings of suspected chemical facilities have also been attributed to chemical weapons production. The former Yugoslavia signed the Geneva Protocol in 1929. In April 2000, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia acceded to the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). In September of 2003, all remaining equipment and materials associated with the production of CW agents was destroyed under the supervision of OPCW inspectors.	The United Kingdom's World War II stockpile of chemical warfare (CW) agents included phosgene, mustard gas, and lewisite. However, the United Kingdom renounced its chemical weapons program in 1957 and subsequently destroyed its chemical stockpiles. The United Kingdom formally backed the U.S.-initiated Proliferation Security Initiative in 2004 and has participated in joint exercises to practice intercepting and boarding ships engaged in weapons proliferation, including chemical weapons. In addition, the United Kingdom continues to give monetary assistance to Moscow for the dismantlement of Russia's chemical weapons stockpile. Britain ratified the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) in May 1996.
Manpower fit for military service > Females age 16-49	1356415	11779679
Arms > Exports > Constant 1990 US$	7 million constant 1990 US$ Ranked 31st.	791 million constant 1990 US$ Ranked 7th. 113 times more than Serbia and Montenegro
Exports > USD	6 million Ranked 34th.	1.07 billion Ranked 5th. 179 times more than Serbia and Montenegro
Expenditures > Dollar figure > Per capita	$80.54 per capita Ranked 18th.	$718.95 per capita Ranked 7th. 9 times more than Serbia and Montenegro
Manpower > Availability > Males	2.39 million Ranked 77th.	14.73 million Ranked 20th. 6 times more than Serbia and Montenegro
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty > Signatures and Ratifications > Signature	08 JUN 2001	24 SEP 1996
Arms > Exports > Constant 1990 US$ > Per capita	861.63 constant 1990 US$ per 1 Ranked 27th.	13,133.75 constant 1990 US$ per 1 Ranked 10th. 15 times more than Serbia and Montenegro
Manpower > Fit for military service > Males	1.96 million Ranked 66th.	12.12 million Ranked 19th. 6 times more than Serbia and Montenegro
Manpower > Availability > Males age 15-49	2.58 million Ranked 73th.	14.88 million Ranked 20th. 6 times more than Serbia and Montenegro
Arms imports > Constant 1990 US$ > Per capita	3.32 constant 1990 US$ per c Ranked 51st. 2 times more than United Kingdom	1.56 constant 1990 US$ per c Ranked 52nd.
Manpower > Fit for military service > Males age 15-49	2.08 million Ranked 63th.	12.35 million Ranked 15th. 6 times more than Serbia and Montenegro
Manpower > Fit for military service > Males age 15-49 > Per capita	0.27 per capita Ranked 2nd. 30% more than United Kingdom	0.207 per capita Ranked 40th.
Manpower > Reaching military age annually > Females > Per capita	6.12 per 1,000 people Ranked 190th.	6.29 per 1,000 people Ranked 185th. 3% more than Serbia and Montenegro
Manpower > Availability > Males age 15-49 > Per capita	0.336 per capita Ranked 5th. 34% more than United Kingdom	0.25 per capita Ranked 106th.
Manpower > Reaching military age annually > Males > Per capita	6.52 per 1,000 people Ranked 185th.	6.58 per 1,000 people Ranked 184th. 1% more than Serbia and Montenegro
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty > Signatures and Ratifications > Ratification	19 MAY 2004	06 APR 1998
Manpower > Reaching military age annually > Females	62,165 Ranked 94th.	383,593 Ranked 27th. 6 times more than Serbia and Montenegro
Personnel > % of total labor force	2.83% Ranked 24th. 4 times more than United Kingdom	0.71% Ranked 101st.
Expenditure > % of GDP	2.74% Ranked 23th. 6% more than United Kingdom	2.59% Ranked 26th.
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually > Male	43945	383989
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually > Female	41080	365491
Expenditure > % of central government expenditure	10.97% Ranked 22nd. 74% more than United Kingdom	6.31% Ranked 27th.
Military expenditure > % of GDP	2.23% Ranked 36th.	2.71% Ranked 30th. 22% more than Serbia and Montenegro

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