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Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnian and Herzegovinian Geography Stats

Definitions

  • Agricultural land > % of land area: Agricultural land refers to the share of land area that is arable, under permanent crops, and under permanent pastures. Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded. Land under permanent crops is land cultivated with crops that occupy the land for long periods and need not be replanted after each harvest, such as cocoa, coffee, and rubber. This category includes land under flowering shrubs, fruit trees, nut trees, and vines, but excludes land under trees grown for wood or timber. Permanent pasture is land used for five or more years for forage, including natural and cultivated crops.
  • Arable land > % of land area: Arable land (% of land area). Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded.
  • Area > Comparative: The area of various small countries expressed in comparison to various areas within the United States of America.
  • Area > Comparative to US places: This entry provides an area comparison based on total area equivalents. Most entities are compared with the entire US or one of the 50 states based on area measurements (1990 revised) provided by the US Bureau of the Census. The smaller entities are compared with Washington, DC (178 sq km, 69 sq mi) or The Mall in Washington, DC (0.59 sq km, 0.23 sq mi, 146 acres).
  • Area > Land: Total land area in square kilometres
  • Area > Land > Per capita: Total land area in square kilometres Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Area > Land per 1000: Total land area in square kilometres. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Area > Total: Total area in square kilometers
  • Area > Total > Per capita: Total area in square kilometers Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Area > Total per 1000: Total area in square kilometers. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Area > Water: Total water area in square kilometers
  • Area > Water > Per capita: Total water area in square kilometers Per capita figures expressed per 1 million population.
  • Area > Water per 1000: Total water area in square kilometers. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Average precipitation in depth > Mm per year: Average precipitation in depth (mm per year). Average precipitation is the long-term average in depth (over space and time) of annual precipitation in the country. Precipitation is defined as any kind of water that falls from clouds as a liquid or a solid.
  • Average rainfall in depth > Mm per year: Average rainfall is the long-term average in depth (over space and time) of annual precipitation in the country. Precipitation is defined as any kind of water that falls from clouds as a liquid or a solid.
  • Border to area ratio: The ratio of a country's land border to its surface area.
  • Capital city with population: Capital cities including most recent population (estimates included). Populations are figures only within the city limits, unless otherwise specified. All populations are from 2001 t0 2005 unless otherwise specified.
  • Climate: A brief description of typical weather regimes throughout the year.
  • Coastline: The total length of the boundary between the land area (including islands) and the sea.
  • Coastline per 1000: The total length of the boundary between the land area (including islands) and the sea. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Elevation extremes > Highest point: Highest point above sea level
  • Elevation extremes > Lowest point: This entry is derived from Geography > Elevation extremes, which includes both the highest point and the lowest point.
  • Environment > Current issues: This entry lists the most pressing and important environmental problems. The following terms and abbreviations are used throughout the entry:
    Acidification - the lowering of soil and water pH due to acid precipitation and deposition usually through precipitation; this process disrupts ecosystem nutrient flows and may kill freshwater fish and plants dependent on more neutral or alkaline conditions (see acid rain).
    Acid rain - characterized as containing harmful levels of sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxide; acid rain is damaging and potentially deadly to the earth's fragile ecosystems; acidity is measured using the pH scale where 7 is neutral, values greater than 7 are considered alkaline, and values below 5.6 are considered acid precipitation; note - a pH of 2.4 (the acidity of vinegar) has been measured in rainfall in New England.
    Aerosol - a collection of airborne particles dispersed in a gas, smoke, or fog.
    Afforestation - converting a bare or agricultural space by planting trees and plants; reforestation involves replanting trees on areas that have been cut or destroyed by fire.
    Asbestos - a naturally occurring soft fibrous mineral commonly used in fireproofing materials and considered to be highly carcinogenic in particulate form.
    Biodiversity - also biological diversity; the relative number of species, diverse in form and function, at the genetic, organism, community, and ecosystem level; loss of biodiversity reduces an ecosystem's ability to recover from natural or man-induced disruption.
    Bio-indicators - a plant or animal species whose presence, abundance, and health reveal the general condition of its habitat.
    Biomass - the total weight or volume of living matter in a given area or volume.
    Carbon cycle - the term used to describe the exchange of carbon (in various forms, e.g., as carbon dioxide) between the atmosphere, ocean, terrestrial biosphere, and geological deposits.
    Catchments - assemblages used to capture and retain rainwater and runoff; an important water management technique in areas with limited freshwater resources, such as Gibraltar.
    DDT (dichloro-diphenyl-trichloro-ethane) - a colorless, odorless insecticide that has toxic effects on most animals; the use of DDT was banned in the US in 1972.
    Defoliants - chemicals which cause plants to lose their leaves artificially; often used in agricultural practices for weed control, and may have detrimental impacts on human and ecosystem health.
    Deforestation - ...
    Full definition
  • Environment > International agreements > Party to: This entry is derived from Geography > Environment > International agreements, which separates country participation in international environmental agreements into two levels - party to and signed, but not ratified. Agreements are listed in alphabetical order by the abbreviated form of the full name.
  • Environment > International agreements > Signed, but not ratified: This entry is derived from Geography > Environment > International agreements, which separates country participation in international environmental agreements into two levels - party to and signed, but not ratified. Agreements are listed in alphabetical order by the abbreviated form of the full name.
  • Forest area > % of land area: Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees of at least 5 meters in situ, whether productive or not, and excludes tree stands in agricultural production systems (for example, in fruit plantations and agroforestry systems) and trees in urban parks and gardens."
  • Forest area > Sq. km: Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees of at least 5 meters in situ, whether productive or not, and excludes tree stands in agricultural production systems (for example, in fruit plantations and agroforestry systems) and trees in urban parks and gardens."
  • Forested Land: Forested land as a proportion of total land area, estimate by FAO
  • Geographic coordinates: This entry includes rounded latitude and longitude figures for the purpose of finding the approximate geographic center of an entity and is based on the Gazetteer of Conventional Names, Third Edition, August 1988, US Board on Geographic Names and on other sources.
  • Note: This entry includes miscellaneous geographic information of significance not included elsewhere.
  • Highest point: Name of country’s highest point.
  • Highest point elevation: Name of country’s highest point.
  • Highest town: Name of country’s highest permanent settlement, which is occupied year-round.
  • Irrigated land: The number of square kilometers of land area that is artificially supplied with water.
  • Irrigated land > Per capita: The number of square kilometers of land area that is artificially supplied with water. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Irrigated land per million: The number of square kilometers of land area that is artificially supplied with water. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Land area > Sq. km: Land area is a country's total area, excluding area under inland water bodies, national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones. In most cases the definition of inland water bodies includes major rivers and lakes."
  • Land area > Sq. km > Per capita: Land area is a country's total area, excluding area under inland water bodies, national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones. In most cases the definition of inland water bodies includes major rivers and lakes." Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Land boundaries > Border countries: Length of land boundaries by border country
  • Land boundaries > Total: The total length of all land boundaries and the individual lengths for each of the contiguous border countries
  • Land boundaries > Total > Per capita: The total length of all land boundaries and the individual lengths for each of the contiguous border countries Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Land boundaries > Total per million: The total length of all land boundaries and the individual lengths for each of the contiguous border countries. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Land use > Arable land: The percentage of used land that is arable. Arable land is land cultivated for crops that are replanted after each harvest like wheat, maize, and rice
  • Land use > Other: The percentage share of used land that is not arable or under permanent crops. This includes permanent meadows and pastures, forests and woodlands, built-on areas, roads, barren land, etc.
  • Land use > Permanent crops: The percentage share of used land on which permanent crops are grown. This is land cultivated for crops that are not replanted after each harvest like citrus, coffee, and rubber. It includes land under flowering shrubs, fruit trees, nut trees, and vines, but excludes land under trees grown for wood or timber.
  • Largest city with population: Largest cities including most recent population (estimates included). Populations are figures only within the city limits, unless otherwise specified. All populations are from 2001 t0 2005 unless otherwise specified.
  • Location: The country's regional location, neighboring countries, and adjacent bodies of water.
  • Low-lying areas > Elevation under 5 metres > % of land area: Land area where elevation is below 5 meters (% of total land area). Land area below 5m is the percentage of total land where the elevation is 5 meters or less.
  • Map references: The name of the CIA World Factbook reference map on which a country may be found. The entry on Geographic coordinates may be helpful in finding some smaller countries.
  • Marine Coastline: Length of each country's coastline in kilometers.
  • Maritime claims: Includes the contiguous zone, continental shelf, exclusive economic zone, exclusive fishing zone, and territorial sea. Full and definitive definitions can be found in the Law of the Sea (LOS) Convention
  • Natural hazards: Potential natural disasters.
  • Natural resources: A country's mineral, petroleum, hydropower, and other resources of commercial importance.
  • Northernmost point: Northernmost point.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Northernmost point latitude: Latitude.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Population density: People per square kilometre, in 1999. At this time the world average was 14.42.
  • Population density > People per sq. km: Population density is midyear population divided by land area in square kilometers. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. Land area is a country's total area, excluding area under inland water bodies, national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones. In most cases the definition of inland water bodies includes major rivers and lakes.
  • Population living in areas where elevation is below 5 meters > % of total population: Population living in areas where elevation is below 5 meters (% of total population). Population below 5m is the percentage of the total population living in areas where the elevation is 5 meters or less.
  • Road density > Km of road per 100 sq. km of land area: Road density (km of road per 100 sq. km of land area). Road density is the ratio of the length of the country's total road network to the country's land area. The road network includes all roads in the country: motorways, highways, main or national roads, secondary or regional roads, and other urban and rural roads.
  • Rural population density > Rural population per sq. km of arable land: Rural population density is the rural population divided by the arable land area. Rural population is calculated as the difference between the total population and the urban population. Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded.
  • Surface area > Sq. km: Surface area is a country's total area, including areas under inland bodies of water and some coastal waterways.
  • Surface area > Sq. km > Per capita: Surface area is a country's total area, including areas under inland bodies of water and some coastal waterways. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Surface area > Sq. km per 1000: Surface area is a country's total area, including areas under inland bodies of water and some coastal waterways. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Terrain: A brief description of the topography
  • Terrestrial and marine protected areas > % of total territorial area: Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area). Terrestrial protected areas are totally or partially protected areas of at least 1,000 hectares that are designated by national authorities as scientific reserves with limited public access, national parks, natural monuments, nature reserves or wildlife sanctuaries, protected landscapes, and areas managed mainly for sustainable use. Marine protected areas are areas of intertidal or subtidal terrain--and overlying water and associated flora and fauna and historical and cultural features--that have been reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclosed environment. Sites protected under local or provincial law are excluded.
  • Total area > Sq. km: Surface area is a country's total area, including areas under inland bodies of water and some coastal waterways."
  • Weather: Weather overview articles.
STAT AMOUNT DATE RANK HISTORY
Agricultural land > % of land area 41.97% 2007 90th out of 197
Arable land > % of land area 19.71% 2011 54th out of 204
Area > Comparative slightly smaller than West Virginia 2013
Area > Comparative to US places slightly smaller than West Virginia 2008
Area > Land 51,197 sq km 2008 125th out of 235
Area > Land > Per capita 11.15 sq km per 1,000 people 2008 121st out of 224
Area > Land per 1000 13.26 sq km 2008 95th out of 196
Area > Total 51,197 sq km 2013 130th out of 251
Area > Total > Per capita 11.16 sq km per 1,000 people 2008 125th out of 228
Area > Total per 1000 13.26 sq km 2008 98th out of 199
Area > Water 10 sq km 2013 153th out of 246
Area > Water > Per capita 2.66 sq km per 1 million peo 2008 141st out of 142
Area > Water per 1000 0.00316 sq km 2008 137th out of 138
Average precipitation in depth > Mm per year 1,028 2011 92nd out of 178
Average rainfall in depth > Mm per year 1,028 2008 88th out of 169
Border to area ratio 0.0285 km/km² 2014 28th out of 197
Capital city with population Sarajevo - 310,000 2005
Climate hot summers and cold winters; areas of high elevation have short, cool summers and long, severe winters; mild, rainy winters along coast 2013
Coastline 20 km 2014 192nd out of 242
Coastline per 1000 0.00521 km 2011 156th out of 161
Elevation extremes > Highest point Maglic 2,386 m 2013
Elevation extremes > Lowest point Adriatic Sea 0 m 2013
Environment > Current issues air pollution from metallurgical plants; sites for disposing of urban waste are limited; water shortages and destruction of infrastructure because of the 1992-95 civil strife; deforestation 2013
Environment > International agreements > Party to Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands 2013
Environment > International agreements > Signed, but not ratified none of the selected agreements 2013
Forest area > % of land area 42.68% 2007 55th out of 195
Forest area > Sq. km 21,850 2007 98th out of 195
Forested Land 44.6% 2000 50th out of 193
Geographic coordinates 44 00 N, 18 00 E 2013
Note within Bosnia and Herzegovina's recognized borders, the country is divided into a joint Bosniak/Croat Federation (about 51% of the territory) and the Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska or RS (about 49% of the territory); the region called Herzegovina is contiguous to Croatia and Montenegro, and traditionally has been settled by an ethnic Croat majority in the west and an ethnic Serb majority in the east 2013
Highest point Maglić 2014
Highest point elevation None 2014
Highest town Lukomir 2014
Irrigated land 30 sq km 2008 156th out of 174
Irrigated land > Per capita 0.008 sq km per 1,000 people 2003 160th out of 166
Irrigated land per million 7.7 sq km 2003 157th out of 162
Land area > Sq. km 51,200 sq km 2008 121st out of 199
Land area > Sq. km > Per capita 11.15 per 1,000 people 2008 111th out of 198
Land boundaries > Border countries Croatia 932 km, Montenegro 249 km, Serbia 357 km 2013
Land boundaries > Total 1,538 km 2013 103th out of 166
Land boundaries > Total > Per capita 0.335 km per 1,000 people 2008 53th out of 162
Land boundaries > Total per million 398.32 km 2008 44th out of 153
Land use > Arable land 19.63% 2013 53th out of 246
Land use > Other 78.38% 2011 175th out of 245
Land use > Permanent crops 1.99% 2013 87th out of 247
Largest city with population Sarajevo - 310,000 2005
Location Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and Croatia 2013
Low-lying areas > Elevation under 5 metres > % of land area 0.0732% 2000 167th out of 206
Map references Europe 2013
Marine Coastline 20 km 2014 192nd out of 242
Maritime claims no data available 2008
Natural hazards destructive earthquakes 2011
Natural resources coal, iron ore, bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, cobalt, manganese, nickel, clay, gypsum, salt, sand, timber, hydropower 2013
Northernmost point East of Jasenovac 2014
Northernmost point latitude 45\u00b043'N 2014
Population density 67.97 people per sqkm 1999 121st out of 255
Population density > People per sq. km 76.31 people/m² 2005 102nd out of 202
Population living in areas where elevation is below 5 meters > % of total population 0.0792% 2000 169th out of 206
Road density > Km of road per 100 sq. km of land area 44.33 sq. km 2010 44th out of 92
Rural population density > Rural population per sq. km of arable land 212.15 people/km² of arable lan 2005 34th out of 73
Surface area > Sq. km 51,210 km² 2005 125th out of 204
Surface area > Sq. km > Per capita 13.11 km² per 1,000 people 2005 104th out of 204
Surface area > Sq. km per 1000 13.2 km² 2005 104th out of 198
Terrain mountains and valleys 2013
Terrestrial and marine protected areas > % of total territorial area 1.51% 2012 171st out of 202
Total area > Sq. km 51,210 2008 121st out of 199
Total renewable water resources 2011 101st out of 172
Weather

This small Southeast Asian country comprises the largely mountainous eastern half of the island of Timor in the Malay Archipelago together with two islands, Atauro and Jaco,

2012

SOURCES: Food and Agriculture Organization, electronic files and web site.; Food and Agriculture Organization; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Food and Agriculture Organisation, electronic files and web site.; Wikipedia: List of countries and territories by border/area ratio (Border/area ratio); United Nations World Statistics Pocketbook and Statistical Yearbook, City Population, CIA World Factbook, World Gazetteer, Official government websites.; CIA World Factbooks 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013; FAO; Wikipedia: List of countries by highest point (Sovereign, fully recognized countries); Wikipedia: List of highest towns by country (Sovereign, fully recognized countries); Center for International Earth Science Information Network; CIA Factbook: List of countries by coastline size; Wikipedia: List of countries by northernmost point; Heal The World Foundation.; World Development Indicators database; International Road Federation, World Road Statistics and electronic files, except where noted.; World Development Indicators database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Environmental Program and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre; British Broadcasting Corporation 2014

Citation

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Bosnia and Herzegovina Geography Profiles (Subcategories)

Area 11 Land use 3
Environment 3 Surface area 3
Land boundaries 4

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