Environment Stats: compare key data on Morocco & South Africa

Definitions

Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$: Adjusted net national income (constant 2000 US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion.
CO2 Emissions per 1000: CO2: Total Emissions (excluding land-use) Units: thousand metric tonnes of carbon dioxide. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > Million metric tons: CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total (million metric tons). CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production is the sum of three IEA categories of CO2 emissions: (1) Main Activity Producer Electricity and Heat which contains the sum of emissions from main activity producer electricity generation, combined heat and power generation and heat plants. Main activity producers (formerly known as public utilities) are defined as those undertakings whose primary activity is to supply the public. They may be publicly or privately owned. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 1 a. For the CO2 emissions from fuel combustion (summary) file, emissions from own on-site use of fuel in power plants (EPOWERPLT) are also included. (2) Unallocated Autoproducers which contains the emissions from the generation of electricity and/or heat by autoproducers. Autoproducers are defined as undertakings that generate electricity and/or heat, wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, these emissions would normally be distributed between industry, transport and "other" sectors. (3) Other Energy Industries contains emissions from fuel combusted in petroleum refineries, for the manufacture of solid fuels, coal mining, oil and gas extraction and other energy-producing industries. This corresponds to the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 1 b and 1 A 1 c. According to the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, emissions from coke inputs to blast furnaces can either be counted here or in the Industrial Processes source/sink category. Within detailed sectoral calculations, certain non-energy processes can be distinguished. In the reduction of iron in a blast furnace through the combustion of coke, the primary purpose of the coke oxidation is to produce pig iron and the emissions can be considered as an industrial process. Care must be taken not to double count these emissions in both Energy and Industrial Processes. In the IEA estimations, these emissions have been included in this category.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > Million metric tons per million: CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total (million metric tons). CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production is the sum of three IEA categories of CO2 emissions: (1) Main Activity Producer Electricity and Heat which contains the sum of emissions from main activity producer electricity generation, combined heat and power generation and heat plants. Main activity producers (formerly known as public utilities) are defined as those undertakings whose primary activity is to supply the public. They may be publicly or privately owned. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 1 a. For the CO2 emissions from fuel combustion (summary) file, emissions from own on-site use of fuel in power plants (EPOWERPLT) are also included. (2) Unallocated Autoproducers which contains the emissions from the generation of electricity and/or heat by autoproducers. Autoproducers are defined as undertakings that generate electricity and/or heat, wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, these emissions would normally be distributed between industry, transport and "other" sectors. (3) Other Energy Industries contains emissions from fuel combusted in petroleum refineries, for the manufacture of solid fuels, coal mining, oil and gas extraction and other energy-producing industries. This corresponds to the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 1 b and 1 A 1 c. According to the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, emissions from coke inputs to blast furnaces can either be counted here or in the Industrial Processes source/sink category. Within detailed sectoral calculations, certain non-energy processes can be distinguished. In the reduction of iron in a blast furnace through the combustion of coke, the primary purpose of the coke oxidation is to produce pig iron and the emissions can be considered as an industrial process. Care must be taken not to double count these emissions in both Energy and Industrial Processes. In the IEA estimations, these emissions have been included in this category. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Current issues: This entry lists the most pressing and important environmental problems. The following terms and abbreviations are used throughout the entry:
Ecological footprint: Ecological footprint per capita
Units: Hectares per Person
Forest area > Sq. km > Per capita: Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Marine fish catch: Total marine fish catch
Units: Metric Tons
Pollution perceptions > Air pollution: Air Pollution. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How satisfied are you with the quality of air in this city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Pollution perceptions > Air quality: Air quality. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How satisfied are you with the quality of air in this city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Pollution perceptions > Clean water: Water Quality. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Are you concerned with the water pollution in this city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Pollution perceptions > Drinking water pollution: Drinking Water Pollution and Inaccessibility. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How do you find quality and the accessibility of drinking water?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Pollution perceptions > Water pollution: Water Pollution. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Are you concerned with the water pollution in this city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Proportion of land area under protection: Terrestrial areas protected to total surface area, percentage.
Water > Freshwater pollution: Industrial organic pollutants per available freshwater
Units: Metric Tons of BOD Emissions per Cubic Km of Water
Units: Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants. The data from the World Bank, which represented BOD emissions (kilograms per day) were normalized by the combination of water availability per capita and water inflow availability per capita from the WaterGap2.1 model. In calculating the ESI, the base-10 logarithm of this variable was used.
Water pollution > Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day: Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants."
Marine fish catch per 1000: Total marine fish catch
Units: Metric Tons. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Water > Severe water stress: Percent of country's territory under severe water stress
Units: Percent of Land Area
Units: This data is derived from the WaterGap 2.1 gridded hydrological model developed by the Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, Germany. The modellers derived, for each country, grid cell by grid cell estimates of whether the water consumption exceeds 40 percent of the water available in that particular grid cell. These were then converted to land area equivalents in order to calculate the percentage of the territory under severe water stress.
CFC > Consumption: CFC consumption
Units: Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) Tons (Metric Tons x ODP)
Units: The indicator was obtained by multiplying the Total CFCs emissions (metric tons per ozone depletion potential) with the Per capita CFCs emissions (obtained by dividing the total CFCs emissions by the population in 1997). In calculating the ESI, the base-10 logarithm of this variable was used.
Pollution perceptions > Noise and light pollution: Noise and Light Pollution. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How concerned are you with noise pollution and light during the night in this city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Endangered species > Mammal species > Number: Mammal species are mammals excluding whales and porpoises. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known."
Biodiversity > Mammal species, threatened: Mammal species, threatened. Mammal species are mammals excluding whales and porpoises. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known.
Pollution perceptions > Drinking water quality: Drinking Water Quality and Accessibility. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How do you find quality and the accessibility of drinking water?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
CO2 emissions > Kt: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
Pollution perceptions > Pollution index: Pollution Index is an estimation of the overall pollution in the city. The biggest weight is given to air pollution, than to water pollution/accessibility, two main pollution factors. Small weight is given to other pollution types.
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Urban and rural: Proportion of the population using improved drinking water sources, total.
National parks > Number of parks: Number of parks.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Metric tons per capita: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring."
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Metric tons per capita: CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita). Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
Biodiversity > Bird species, threatened: Bird species, threatened. Birds are listed for countries included within their breeding or wintering ranges. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known.
Carbon efficiency: Carbon economic efficiency (CO2 emissions per dollar GDP)
Units: Metric Tons/US Dollar GDP
CO2 emissions > Kt per 1000: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Endangered species > Bird species: Birds are listed for countries included within their breeding or wintering ranges. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known."
Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$ per capita: Adjusted net national income (constant 2000 US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
SO2 emissions per populated area: SO2 emissions per populated land area
Units: 1000 Metric Tons/Sq. Km. of Populated Land Area
Units: We obtained the total emissions for each country by summarizing emissions data, originally available as a grid map with 1 degree x 1 degree cells. Air pollution is generally greatest in densely populated areas. To take this into account, we used the Gridded Population of the World dataset available from CIESIN and calculated the total land area in each country inhabited with a population density of greater than 5 persons per sq. km. We then used this land area as a denominator for the emissions data.
Biodiversity > Fish species, threatened: Fish species, threatened. Fish species are based on Froese, R. and Pauly, D. (eds). 2008. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known.
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kt: CO2 emissions (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
CO2 emissions > Kt > Per capita: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Endangered species > Fish species > Number: Fish species are based on Froese, R. and Pauly, D. (eds). 2008. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known."
Pollution > Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day: Organic water pollutant (BOD) emissions (kg per day). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Pollution perceptions > Waste management dissatisfaction: Dissatisfaction with Garbage Disposal. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How satisfied are you with a garbage disposal in the city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Pollution > Climate change > Agrees climate change is caused by human activity: Percentage of population who responded yes when asked if they believed global warming was a result of human activities. In this survey, global warming refers to the current rise in earth's temperature and not climate change as a whole.
Water > Percent of water resources used: Proportion of total water resources used, percentage.
Endangered species > Higher plant species > Number: Higher plants are native vascular plant species. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known."
Pollution > Ozone depleting substance consumption: Consumption of all Ozone-Depleting Substances in ODP metric tons.
NOx emissions per populated area: NOx emissions per populated land area
Units: 1000 Metric Tons/Sq. Km. of Populated Land Area
Units: We obtained the total emissions for each country by summarizing emissions data, originally available as a grid map with 1 degree x 1 degree cells. Air pollution is generally greatest in densely populated areas. To take this into account, we used the Gridded Population of the World dataset available from CIESIN and calculated the total land area in each country inhabited with a population density of greater than 5 persons per sq. km. We then used this land area as a denominator for the emissions data.
Water > Dissolved oxygen concentration: Dissolved oxygen concentration
Units: Milligrams/Liter
Units: The country values represent averages of the station-level values for the three year time period 1994-96, exceptwhere data were only available for an earlier time period (1988-1993). The number of stations per country varies depending on country size; number of bodies of water; and level of participation in the GEMS monitoring system. The data from "The Wellbeing of Nations" included a smaller subset of stations representing outfalls of major watersheds. An analysis of a sample of countries with numerous stations found that the data for stations in the subset is broadly comparable to the data for all GEMS stations in those countries.
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kt per 1000: CO2 emissions (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Forest area > Sq. km: Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not.
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 US$ of GDP: CO2 emissions (kg per 2000 US$ of GDP). Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Urban and rural: Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities, total.
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kt: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring."
Pollution perceptions > Clean, tidy cities: Clean and Tidy. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Do you find city clean and tidy?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Pollution > Ozone depleting substance consumption per million people: Consumption of all Ozone-Depleting Substances in ODP metric tons. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
Water > Availability: Water availability per capita (1961-1990 (avg.))
Units: Thousands Cubic Meters/Person
Units: This variable measures internal renewable water (average annual surface runoff and groundwater recharge generated from endogenous precipitation)
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Rural: Proportion of the population using improved drinking water sources, rural.
Biodiversity > Plant species > Higher, threatened: Plant species (higher), threatened. Higher plants are native vascular plant species. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known.
Adjusted net national income > Current US$ per capita: Adjusted net national income (current US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Biodiversity > Number: GEF benefits index for biodiversity is a composite index of relative biodiversity potential for each country based on the species represented in each country, their threat status, and the diversity of habitat types in each country. The index has been normalized so that values run from 0 (no biodiversity potential) to 100 (maximum biodiversity potential)."
Adjusted net national income > Current US$: Adjusted net national income (current US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion.
Water > Freshwater internal flow: Internal flow of water: River run-off and groundwater produced during a year through perception minus evaporation.
Water > Freshwater internal flow per capita: Internal flow of water: River run-off and groundwater produced during a year through perception minus evaporation. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Pollution > Climate change > Climate change awareness: Percentage of each country's population who claimed knowing "something" or a "great deal" about climate change when asked: "How much do you know about global warming or climate change?"
Pollution perceptions > Urban comfort > Low pollution: Comfortable to Spend Time in the City. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Are you feeling comfortable to spend time in the city because of the pollution?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
CFC > Consumption per 1000: CFC consumption
Units: Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) Tons (Metric Tons x ODP)
Units: The indicator was obtained by multiplying the Total CFCs emissions (metric tons per ozone depletion potential) with the Per capita CFCs emissions (obtained by dividing the total CFCs emissions by the population in 1997). In calculating the ESI, the base-10 logarithm of this variable was used. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Protected area: Environmentally protected area (1997)
Pollution perceptions > Dirty, untidy cities: Dirty and Untidy. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Do you find city clean and tidy?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Biodiversity > GEF benefits index for biodiversity > 0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum: GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum). GEF benefits index for biodiversity is a composite index of relative biodiversity potential for each country based on the species represented in each country, their threat status, and the diversity of habitat types in each country. The index has been normalized so that values run from 0 (no biodiversity potential) to 100 (maximum biodiversity potential).
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 US$ of GDP: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring."
Pollution perceptions > Free of noise and light pollution: Quiet and No Problem with Night Lights. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How concerned are you with noise pollution and light during the night in this city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Freshwater > Renewable internal freshwater resources > Total > Billion cubic meters: Renewable internal freshwater resources flows refer to internal renewable resources (internal river flows and groundwater from rainfall) in the country.
Acidification: Percentage of country with acidification excedence
Units: Percent of Land Area
Units: From a map of acidification excedence, all areas at risk within each country were added together in order to calculate the percentage of the entire country at risk of excedence. See pages 21-22 of the 2001 ESI report for more details on how the acidification excedence map was produced.
Emissions > Methane emissions > Kt of CO2 equivalent: Methane emissions are those stemming from human activities such as agriculture and from industrial methane production.
Freshwater > Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita > Cubic meters: Renewable internal freshwater resources flows refer to internal renewable resources (internal river flows and groundwater from rainfall) in the country. Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita are calculated using the World Bank's population estimates.
Pollution > PM10, country level > Micrograms per cubic meter: PM10, country level (micrograms per cubic meter). Particulate matter concentrations refer to fine suspended particulates less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10) that are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing significant health damage. Data for countries and aggregates for regions and income groups are urban-population weighted PM10 levels in residential areas of cities with more than 100,000 residents. The estimates represent the average annual exposure level of the average urban resident to outdoor particulate matter. The state of a country's technology and pollution controls is an important determinant of particulate matter concentrations.
Wetlands of intl importance > Area: Wetlands of international importance 2002
Biodiversity and protected areas > Terrestrial protected areas > Number: Terrestrial protected areas are those officially documented by national authorities.
CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 PPP $ of GDP: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
Proportion of land and marine area under protection: Terrestrial and marine areas protected to total territorial area, percentage.
Endangered species protection: Percent of CITES reporting requirements met
Units: Percent of Requirements Met
Units: Countries that have not ratified the CITES convention are recorded as having zero percent of their requirements met.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from other sectors, excluding residential buildings and commercial and public services > Million metric tons: CO2 emissions from other sectors, excluding residential buildings and commercial and public services (million metric tons). CO2 emissions from other sectors, less residential buildings and commercial and public services, contains the emissions from commercial/institutional activities, residential, agriculture/forestry, fishing and other emissions not specified elsewhere that are included in the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 4 and 1 A 5. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, the category also includes emissions from autoproducers in the commercial/residential/agricultural sectors that generate electricity and/or heat. The IEA data are not collected in a way that allows the energy consumption to be split by specific end-use and therefore, autoproducers are shown as a separate item (Unallocated Autoproducers).
Pollution perceptions > Urban discomfort from pollution: Dissatisfaction to Spend Time in the City. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Are you feeling comfortable to spend time in the city because of the pollution?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Biodiversity > GEF benefits index for biodiversity > 0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum per million: GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum). GEF benefits index for biodiversity is a composite index of relative biodiversity potential for each country based on the species represented in each country, their threat status, and the diversity of habitat types in each country. The index has been normalized so that values run from 0 (no biodiversity potential) to 100 (maximum biodiversity potential). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Water > Population connected to wastewater treatment: Population connected to wastewater treatment.
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Urban: Proportion of the population using improved drinking water sources, urban.
Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Rural: Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities, rural.
Sea > Blue Flag beaches per million people: Number of beaches or marinas with blue flag designation, indicating high environmental and quality standards. Blue flag status is awarded by the Foundation for Environmental Education (FEE) based on criteria such as water quality, safety, environmental education and information, the provision of services and environmental management. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
Pollution perceptions > Waste management satisfaction: Garbage Disposal Satisfaction. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How satisfied are you with a garbage disposal in the city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Pollution > Climate change > Perceived as threat: Percentage of country's population that perceives climate change as a threat. Results are from a 2008 Gallop Poll.
Emissions > Nitrous oxide emissions > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent: Nitrous oxide emissions are emissions from agricultural biomass burning, industrial activities, and livestock management."
Wildness: Percent of land area having very low anthropogenic impact
Units: Percent of Land Area
Units: Global grids for population (GPW), land use (USGS AVHRR based classification from EROS data center), VMAP roads, VMAP railways, VMAP coastlines, VMAP major rivers and the stable lights data were all scored for "wildness". The scores were aggregated and normalized.
Biosphere > Reserves area: Biosphere reserves area 2002.
Forest area > Sq. km per 1000: Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Threatened species > Mammal: Number of threatened mammal species (1997)
Water > Net freshwater supplied by water supply industry to households per capita: Water supplied annually to households, where losses during transportation have been subtracted. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Water > Population supplied by water supply industry: Total population supplied by water supply industry.
Known mammal species: Known mammal species (1992-2002).
Climate change > CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services > Million metric tons: CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services (million metric tons). CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services contains all emissions from fuel combustion in households. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 4 b. Commercial and public services includes emissions from all activities of ISIC Divisions 41, 50-52, 55, 63-67, 70-75, 80, 85, 90-93 and 99.
Pollution > Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day per worker: Organic water pollutant (BOD) emissions (kg per day per worker). Emissions per worker are total emissions of organic water pollutants divided by the number of industrial workers. Organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Total > Billion cubic meters: Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for agriculture and industry are total withdrawals for irrigation and livestock production and for direct industrial use (including withdrawals for cooling thermoelectric plants). Withdrawals for domestic uses include drinking water, municipal use or supply, and use for public services, commercial establishments, and homes. Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002."
Sea > Blue Flag beaches: Number of beaches or marinas with blue flag designation, indicating high environmental and quality standards. Blue flag status is awarded by the Foundation for Environmental Education (FEE) based on criteria such as water quality, safety, environmental education and information, the provision of services and environmental management.
Pollution > Carbon dioxide 1999: 1999 total CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel burning, cement production, and gas flaring. Emissions are expressed in thousand metric tons of carbon (not CO2).
Breeding birds threatened: Percentage of breeding birds threatened
Units: Percent of Breeding Birds
Units: The number of bird species threatened divided by known bird species in the country, expressed as a percentage.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > Kt per 1000: CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of petroleum-derived fuels as an energy source. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > Kt per 1000: CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of natural gas as an energy source. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > Kt per 1000: CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from solid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of coal as an energy source. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > Kt: CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of natural gas as an energy source.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > Kt: CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from solid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of coal as an energy source.
Climate change > Other greenhouse gas emissions, HFC, PFC and SF6 > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent per million: Other greenhouse gas emissions, HFC, PFC and SF6 (thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent). Other greenhouse gas emissions are by-product emissions of hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Biodiversity and protected areas > Marine protected areas > Number: Marine protected areas are areas of intertidal or subtidal terrain--and overlying water and associated flora and fauna and historical and cultural features--that have been reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclosed environment.
Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Urban: Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities, urban.
Emissions > Other greenhouse gas emissions > HFC > PFC and SF6 > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent: Other greenhouse gas emissions are by-product emissions of hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride."
Urban SO2 concentration: Urban SO2 concentration
Units: Micrograms/m3
Units: The values were originally collected at the city level. Each nation varied in terms of the number of cities reported, so this data should be used with some caution. Within each country the values have been normalized by city population for the year 1995, then added together to obtain the total concentration for the given country.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Consumption of fixed capital > Current US$: Consumption of fixed capital represents the replacement value of capital used up in the process of production.
Marine areas under protection: Protected marine areas under IUCN management categories I - VI (1992-2003)
Water > Population connected to wastewater collecting system: Population connected to wastewater collecting system.
Water > Surface and Groundwater inflow: Inflow of surface and groundwaters for neighboring countries.
Water > Proportion of marine area under protection: Marine areas protected to territorial waters, percentage.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Including particulate emission damage > Current US$: Adjusted net savings are equal to net national savings plus education expenditure and minus energy depletion, mineral depletion, net forest depletion, and carbon dioxide and particulate emissions damage."
Pollution > Carbon dioxide 1999 per 1000: 1999 total CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel burning, cement production, and gas flaring. Emissions are expressed in thousand metric tons of carbon (not CO2). Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Freshwater > Withdrawal per million: . Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Emissions > PM10 > Country level > Micrograms per cubic meter: Particulate matter concentrations refer to fine suspended particulates less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10) that are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing significant health damage. Data for countries and aggregates for regions and income groups are urban-population weighted PM10 levels in residential areas of cities with more than 100,000 residents. The estimates represent the average annual exposure level of the average urban resident to outdoor particulate matter. The state of a country's technology and pollution controls is an important determinant of particulate matter concentrations."
Wetlands of intl importance > Area per million: Wetlands of international importance 2002. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Known mammal species per million: Known mammal species (1992-2002). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Areas under protection per million: Protected Areas under IUCN management categories I - VI (1992-2003). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Water > Salinisation: Electrical conductivity
Units: Micro-Siemens/Centimeter
Units: The country values represent averages of the station-level values for the three year time period 1994-96, except where data were only available for an earlier time period (1988-1993). The number of stations per country varies depending on country size; number of water bodies; and level of participation in the GEMS monitoring system.
Marine areas under protection per million: Protected marine areas under IUCN management categories I - VI (1992-2003). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Areas under protection: Protected Areas under IUCN management categories I - VI (1992-2003)
Biosphere > Reserves area per million: Biosphere reserves area 2002. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Fertiliser > Consumption: Fertilizer consumption per hectare of arable land
Units: Hundreds Grams/Hectare of Arable Land
Urban NO2 concentration: Urban NO2 concentration
Units: Micrograms/m3
Units: The values were originally collected at the city level. Each nation varied in terms of the number of cities reported, so this data should be used with some caution. Within each country the values have been normalized by city population for the year 1995, then added together to obtain the total concentration for the given country.
Non-wildness: Percent of land area having very high anthropogenic impact
Units: Percent of Land Area
Units: Global grids for population (GPW), land use (USGS AVHRR based classification from EROS data center), VMAP roads, VMAP railways, VMAP coastlines, VMAP major rivers and the stable lights data were all scored for "wildness". The scores were aggregated and normalized.
Pollution > Water pollution, paper and pulp industry > % of total BOD emissions: Water pollution, paper and pulp industry (% of total BOD emissions). Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: paper and pulp (34). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$, % of GDP: Adjusted net national income (constant 2000 US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Mineral depletion > Current US$: Mineral depletion is equal to the product of unit resource rents and the physical quantities of minerals extracted. It refers to bauxite, copper, iron, lead, nickel, phosphate, tin, zinc, gold, and silver."
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Mineral depletion > % of GNI: Mineral depletion is equal to the product of unit resource rents and the physical quantities of minerals extracted. It refers to bauxite, copper, iron, lead, nickel, phosphate, tin, zinc, gold, and silver."
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > Current US$: Particulate emissions damage is calculated as the willingness to pay to avoid mortality attributable to particulate emissions.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Excluding particulate emission damage > Current US$: Adjusted net savings are equal to net national savings plus education expenditure and minus energy depletion, mineral depletion, net forest depletion, and carbon dioxide. This series excludes particulate emissions damage."
Water pollution > Clay and glass industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: stone, ceramics, and glass (36). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Emissions > Industrial methane emissions > % of total: Industrial methane emissions are emissions from the handling, transmission, and combustion of fossil fuels and biofuels."
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Domestic > % of total freshwater withdrawal: Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for domestic uses include drinking water, municipal use or supply, and use for public services, commercial establishments, and homes. Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002."
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Industry > % of total freshwater withdrawal: Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for industry are total withdrawals for direct industrial use (including withdrawals for cooling thermoelectric plants). Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002."
Oil rents > % of GDP: Oil rents (% of GDP). Oil rents are the difference between the value of crude oil production at world prices and total costs of production.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services > Million metric tons per million: CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services (million metric tons). CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services contains all emissions from fuel combustion in households. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 4 b. Commercial and public services includes emissions from all activities of ISIC Divisions 41, 50-52, 55, 63-67, 70-75, 80, 85, 90-93 and 99. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Water > Net freshwater supplied by water supply industry to households: Water supplied annually to households, where losses during transportation have been subtracted.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change sign date: Signature.
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Total > % of internal resources: Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for agriculture and industry are total withdrawals for irrigation and livestock production and for direct industrial use (including withdrawals for cooling thermoelectric plants). Withdrawals for domestic uses include drinking water, municipal use or supply, and use for public services, commercial establishments, and homes. Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002."
Forest area > % of land area: Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not.
Water pollution > Metal industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: primary metals (ISIC division 37). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Pollution > Water pollution, wood industry > % of total BOD emissions: Water pollution, wood industry (% of total BOD emissions). Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: wood (33). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services > % of total fuel combustion: CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services (% of total fuel combustion). CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services contains all emissions from fuel combustion in households. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 4 b. Commercial and public services includes emissions from all activities of ISIC Divisions 41, 50-52, 55, 63-67, 70-75, 80, 85, 90-93 and 99.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net forest depletion > Current US$: Net forest depletion is calculated as the product of unit resource rents and the excess of roundwood harvest over natural growth.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Excluding particulate emission damage > % of GNI: Adjusted net savings are equal to net national savings plus education expenditure and minus energy depletion, mineral depletion, net forest depletion, and carbon dioxide. This series excludes particulate emissions damage."
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Energy depletion > Current US$: Energy depletion is equal to the product of unit resource rents and the physical quantities of energy extracted. It covers crude oil, natural gas, and coal."
Emissions > CO2 intensity > Kg per kg of oil equivalent energy use: Carbon dioxide emissions from solid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of coal as an energy source.
PM10 > Country level > Micrograms per cubic meter: Particulate matter concentrations refer to fine suspended particulates less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10) that are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing significant health damage. Data for countries and aggregates for regions and income groups are urban-population weighted PM10 levels in residential areas of cities with more than 100,000 residents. The estimates represent the average annual exposure level of the average urban resident to outdoor particulate matter. The state of a countryÂ’s technology and pollution controls is an important determinant of particulate matter concentrations.
Pollution > Water pollution, food industry > % of total BOD emissions: Water pollution, food industry (% of total BOD emissions). Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: food and beverages (31). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Pollution > Water pollution, other industry > % of total BOD emissions: Water pollution, other industry (% of total BOD emissions). Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: other (38 and 39). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Climate change > GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF > Mt of CO2 equivalent: GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (Mt of CO2 equivalent). GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF refers to changes in atmospheric levels of all greenhouse gases attributable to forest and land-use change activities, including but not limited to (1) emissions and removals of CO2 from decreases or increases in biomass stocks due to forest management, logging, fuelwood collection, etc.; (2) conversion of existing forests and natural grasslands to other land uses; (3) removal of CO2 from the abandonment of formerly managed lands (e.g. croplands and pastures); and (4) emissions and removals of CO2 in soil associated with land-use change and management. For Annex-I countries under the UNFCCC, these data are drawn from the annual GHG inventories submitted to the UNFCCC by each country; for non-Annex-I countries, data are drawn from the most recently submitted National Communication where available. Because of differences in reporting years and methodologies, these data are not generally considered comparable across countries. Data are in million metric tons.
Water pollution > Wood industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: wood (33). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Water > Phosphorus concentration: Phosphorus concentration
Units: Milligrams/Liter
Units: The country values represent averages of the station-level values for the three year time period 1994-96, except where data were only available for an earlier time period (1988-1993). The number of stations per country varies depending on country size; number of bodies of water; and level of participation in the GEMS monitoring system. The data from "The Wellbeing of Nations" included a smaller subset of stations representing outfalls of major watersheds. An analysis of a sample of countries with numerous stations found that the data for stations in the subset is broadly comparable to the data for all GEMS stations in those countries.
Pollution perceptions > Green space and parks satisfaction: Quality of Green and Parks. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How satisfied are you with green and parks in the city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Total natural resources rents > % of GDP: Total natural resources rents (% of GDP). Total natural resources rents are the sum of oil rents, natural gas rents, coal rents (hard and soft), mineral rents, and forest rents.
Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day per worker: Emissions per worker are total emissions of organic water pollutants divided by the number of industrial workers. Organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Energy depletion > % of GNI: Energy depletion is equal to the product of unit resource rents and the physical quantities of energy extracted. It covers crude oil, natural gas, and coal."
Climate change > GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF > Mt of CO2 equivalent per million: GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (Mt of CO2 equivalent). GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF refers to changes in atmospheric levels of all greenhouse gases attributable to forest and land-use change activities, including but not limited to (1) emissions and removals of CO2 from decreases or increases in biomass stocks due to forest management, logging, fuelwood collection, etc.; (2) conversion of existing forests and natural grasslands to other land uses; (3) removal of CO2 from the abandonment of formerly managed lands (e.g. croplands and pastures); and (4) emissions and removals of CO2 in soil associated with land-use change and management. For Annex-I countries under the UNFCCC, these data are drawn from the annual GHG inventories submitted to the UNFCCC by each country; for non-Annex-I countries, data are drawn from the most recently submitted National Communication where available. Because of differences in reporting years and methodologies, these data are not generally considered comparable across countries. Data are in million metric tons. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Water pollution > Water pollution > Other industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: other (38 and 39). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants."
Climate change > CO2 emissions from other sectors, excluding residential buildings and commercial and public services > % of total fuel combustion: CO2 emissions from other sectors, excluding residential buildings and commercial and public services (% of total fuel combustion). CO2 emissions from other sectors, less residential buildings and commercial and public services, contains the emissions from commercial/institutional activities, residential, agriculture/forestry, fishing and other emissions not specified elsewhere that are included in the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 4 and 1 A 5. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, the category also includes emissions from autoproducers in the commercial/residential/agricultural sectors that generate electricity and/or heat. The IEA data are not collected in a way that allows the energy consumption to be split by specific end-use and therefore, autoproducers are shown as a separate item (Unallocated Autoproducers).
Water > Surface and Groundwater inflow per capita: Inflow of surface and groundwaters for neighboring countries. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Biodiversity and protected areas > Terrestrial protected areas > % of total surface area: Terrestrial protected areas are those officially documented by national authorities.
Adjusted net national income > Current US$, % of GDP: Adjusted net national income (current US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Gross savings > % of GNI: Gross savings are the difference between gross national income and public and private consumption, plus net current transfers."
Known breeding bird species: Known breeding bird mammal species (1992-2002).
Adjusted savings > Net forest depletion > % of GNI: Net forest depletion is calculated as the product of unit resource rents and the excess of roundwood harvest over natural growth.
Natural gas rents > % of GDP: Natural gas rents (% of GDP). Natural gas rents are the difference between the value of natural gas production at world prices and total costs of production.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > % of GNI: Particulate emissions damage is calculated as the willingness to pay to avoid mortality attributable to particulate emissions.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net forest depletion > % of GNI: Net forest depletion is calculated as the product of unit resource rents and the excess of roundwood harvest over natural growth.
Water pollution > Water pollution > Chemical industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: chemicals (35). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants."
Emissions > Agricultural methane emissions > % of total: Agricultural methane emissions are emissions from animals, animal waste, rice production, agricultural waste burning (nonenergy, on-site), and savannah burning."
Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Including particulate emission damage > % of GNI: Adjusted net savings are equal to net national savings plus education expenditure and minus energy depletion, mineral depletion, net forest depletion, and carbon dioxide and particulate emissions damage."
Water pollution > Water pollution > Wood industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: wood (33). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants."
Known breeding bird species per million: Known breeding bird mammal species (1992-2002). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net national savings > Current US$: Net national savings are equal to gross national savings less the value of consumption of fixed capital.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > Kt: CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of petroleum-derived fuels as an energy source.
Water > Suspended solids: Suspended solids
Units: Natural Log of Milligrams/Liter
Units: The country values represent averages of the station-level values for the three year time period 1994-96, exceptwhere data were only available for an earlier time period (1988-1993). The number of stations per country varies depending on country size; number of bodies of water; and level of participation in the GEMS monitoring system. Data from "The Wellbeing of Nations" included a smaller subset of stations representing outfalls of majorwatersheds. An analysis of a sample of countries with numerous stations found that the data for stations in the subset is broadly comparable to the data for all GEMS stations in those countries. The data in this table was transformed using the natural logarithm.
Emissions > Agricultural nitrous oxide emissions > % of total: Agricultural nitrous oxide emissions are emissions produced through fertilizer use (synthetic and animal manure), animal waste management, agricultural waste burning (nonenergy, on-site), and savannah burning."
Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > % of total: CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption (% of total). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of natural gas as an energy source.
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2005 PPP $ of GDP: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring."
Water pollution > Food industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: food and beverages (31). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Water pollution > Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day per worker: Emissions per worker are total emissions of organic water pollutants divided by the number of industrial workers. Organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants."
Pollution perceptions > Green space and parks dissatisfaction: Dissatisfaction with Green and Parks in the City. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How satisfied are you with green and parks in the city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per PPP $ of GDP: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring."
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net national savings > % of GNI: Net national savings are equal to gross national savings less the value of consumption of fixed capital.
Water pollution > Other industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: other (38 and 39). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Water pollution > Water pollution > Paper and pulp industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: paper and pulp (34). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants."
Pollution > Water pollution, clay and glass industry > % of total BOD emissions: Water pollution, clay and glass industry (% of total BOD emissions). Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: stone, ceramics, and glass (36). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > % of GNI: Particulate emissions damage is calculated as the willingness to pay to avoid mortality attributable to particulate emissions.
Water pollution > Chemical industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: chemicals (35). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved sanitation > Rural: Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities, rural.
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Agriculture > % of total freshwater withdrawal: Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for agriculture are total withdrawals for irrigation and livestock production. Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002."
Water pollution > Water pollution > Textile industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: textiles (32). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants."
International agreements > Signed but not ratified: The various international environmental agreements which a country has signed but not ratified. Agreements are listed in alphabetical order by the abbreviated form of the full name.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > % of total: CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption (% of total). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of petroleum-derived fuels as an energy source.
Water pollution > Paper and pulp industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: paper and pulp (34). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Carbon dioxide damage > % of GNI: Carbon dioxide damage is estimated to be $20 per ton of carbon (the unit damage in 1995 U.S. dollars) times the number of tons of carbon emitted.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Consumption of fixed capital > % of GNI: Consumption of fixed capital represents the replacement value of capital used up in the process of production.
Marine protected areas > % of territorial waters: Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters). Marine protected areas are areas of intertidal or subtidal terrain--and overlying water and associated flora and fauna and historical and cultural features--that have been reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclosed environment.
CO2 Emissions: CO2: Total Emissions (excluding land-use) Units: thousand metric tonnes of carbon dioxide
Water pollution > Water pollution > Metal industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: primary metals (ISIC division 37). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants."
Adjusted net national income > Annual % growth: Adjusted net national income (annual % growth). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion.
Water > Prevalence of public-private partnerships: Cities.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Pollution > Water pollution, chemical industry > % of total BOD emissions: Water pollution, chemical industry (% of total BOD emissions). Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: chemicals (35). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Climate change > Other greenhouse gas emissions, HFC, PFC and SF6 > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent: Other greenhouse gas emissions, HFC, PFC and SF6 (thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent). Other greenhouse gas emissions are by-product emissions of hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride.
Adjusted savings > Carbon dioxide damage > % of GNI: Carbon dioxide damage is estimated to be $20 per ton of carbon (the unit damage in 1995 U.S. dollars) times the number of tons of carbon emitted.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > % of total: CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption (% of total). Carbon dioxide emissions from solid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of coal as an energy source.
Pollution > Water pollution, metal industry > % of total BOD emissions: Water pollution, metal industry (% of total BOD emissions). Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: primary metals (ISIC division 37). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > % of total fuel combustion: CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total (% of total fuel combustion). CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production is the sum of three IEA categories of CO2 emissions: (1) Main Activity Producer Electricity and Heat which contains the sum of emissions from main activity producer electricity generation, combined heat and power generation and heat plants. Main activity producers (formerly known as public utilities) are defined as those undertakings whose primary activity is to supply the public. They may be publicly or privately owned. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 1 a. For the CO2 emissions from fuel combustion (summary) file, emissions from own on-site use of fuel in power plants (EPOWERPLT) are also included. (2) Unallocated Autoproducers which contains the emissions from the generation of electricity and/or heat by autoproducers. Autoproducers are defined as undertakings that generate electricity and/or heat, wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, these emissions would normally be distributed between industry, transport and "other" sectors. (3) Other Energy Industries contains emissions from fuel combusted in petroleum refineries, for the manufacture of solid fuels, coal mining, oil and gas extraction and other energy-producing industries. This corresponds to the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 1 b and 1 A 1 c. According to the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, emissions from coke inputs to blast furnaces can either be counted here or in the Industrial Processes source/sink category. Within detailed sectoral calculations, certain non-energy processes can be distinguished. In the reduction of iron in a blast furnace through the combustion of coke, the primary purpose of the coke oxidation is to produce pig iron and the emissions can be considered as an industrial process. Care must be taken not to double count these emissions in both Energy and Industrial Processes. In the IEA estimations, these emissions have been included in this category.
Pollution > Water pollution, textile industry > % of total BOD emissions: Water pollution, textile industry (% of total BOD emissions). Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: textiles (32). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Water pollution > Textile industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: textiles (32). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Biodiversity and protected areas > Marine protected areas > % of total surface area: Marine protected areas are areas of intertidal or subtidal terrain--and overlying water and associated flora and fauna and historical and cultural features--that have been reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclosed environment.

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STAT	Morocco	South Africa
Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$	$66.63 billion Ranked 26th.	$252.67 billion Ranked 11th. 4 times more than Morocco
CO2 Emissions per 1000	1.12 Ranked 102nd.	7.47 Ranked 36th. 7 times more than Morocco
Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > Million metric tons	19.54 Ranked 59th.	229.05 Ranked 11th. 12 times more than Morocco
Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > Million metric tons per million	0.609 Ranked 87th.	4.53 Ranked 23th. 7 times more than Morocco
Current issues	land degradation/desertification (soil erosion resulting from farming of marginal areas, overgrazing, destruction of vegetation); water supplies contaminated by raw sewage; siltation of reservoirs; oil pollution of coastal waters	lack of important arterial rivers or lakes requires extensive water conservation and control measures; growth in water usage outpacing supply; pollution of rivers from agricultural runoff and urban discharge; air pollution resulting in acid rain; soil erosion; desertification
Ecological footprint	1.3 Ranked 41st.	4.04 Ranked 41st. 3 times more than Morocco
Forest area > Sq. km > Per capita	1.45 kmÂ² per 1,000 people Ranked 130th.	1.96 kmÂ² per 1,000 people Ranked 112th. 36% more than Morocco
Marine fish catch	619,136 tons Ranked 21st. 7% more than South Africa	576,551 tons Ranked 22nd.
Pollution perceptions > Air pollution	61.84 Ranked 29th. 20% more than South Africa	51.44 Ranked 14th.
Pollution perceptions > Air quality	38.16 Ranked 31st.	48.56 Ranked 14th. 27% more than Morocco
Pollution perceptions > Clean water	42.19 Ranked 32nd. 4% more than South Africa	40.38 Ranked 22nd.
Pollution perceptions > Drinking water pollution	42.5 Ranked 28th. 25% more than South Africa	34.13 Ranked 13th.
Pollution perceptions > Water pollution	57.81 Ranked 28th.	59.62 Ranked 6th. 3% more than Morocco
Proportion of land area under protection	21.54% Ranked 60th. 3 times more than South Africa	6.2% Ranked 156th.
Water > Freshwater pollution	7.85 tons/cubic km Ranked 6th. 66% more than South Africa	4.74 tons/cubic km Ranked 11th.
Water pollution > Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day	80,426.7 Ranked 11th.	191,580.5 Ranked 6th. 2 times more than Morocco
Marine fish catch per 1000	21.82 tons Ranked 29th. 62% more than South Africa	13.43 tons Ranked 36th.
Water > Severe water stress	81.5 Ranked 22nd. 19% more than South Africa	68.5 Ranked 28th.
CFC > Consumption	29,193.2 Ranked 30th. 47 times more than South Africa	619.83 Ranked 67th.
Pollution perceptions > Noise and light pollution	41.67 Ranked 44th.	45.1 Ranked 11th. 8% more than Morocco
Endangered species > Mammal species > Number	18 Ranked 45th.	23 Ranked 36th. 28% more than Morocco
Biodiversity > Mammal species, threatened	17 Ranked 49th.	24 Ranked 35th. 41% more than Morocco
Pollution perceptions > Drinking water quality	57.5 Ranked 32nd.	65.87 Ranked 15th. 15% more than Morocco
CO2 emissions > Kt	37,897.4 kt Ranked 64th.	364,157.2 kt Ranked 14th. 10 times more than Morocco
Pollution perceptions > Pollution index	66.12 Ranked 25th. 14% more than South Africa	58.07 Ranked 13th.
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Urban and rural	82.12 Ranked 149th.	91.49 Ranked 124th. 11% more than Morocco
National parks > Number of parks	10 Ranked 11th.	19 Ranked 2nd. 90% more than Morocco
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Metric tons per capita	1.49 Ranked 113th.	8.98 Ranked 38th. 6 times more than Morocco
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Metric tons per capita	1.6 Ranked 122nd.	9.2 Ranked 31st. 6 times more than Morocco
Biodiversity > Bird species, threatened	11 Ranked 112th.	41 Ranked 21st. 4 times more than Morocco
Carbon efficiency	0.91 CO2 emissions/$ GDP Ranked 87th.	2.56 CO2 emissions/$ GDP Ranked 23th. 3 times more than Morocco
CO2 emissions > Kt per 1000	1.28 kt Ranked 114th.	7.9 kt Ranked 40th. 6 times more than Morocco
Endangered species > Bird species	10 Ranked 93th.	35 Ranked 22nd. 4 times more than Morocco
Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$ per capita	$2,078.45 Ranked 40th.	$4,994.77 Ranked 18th. 2 times more than Morocco
SO2 emissions per populated area	530 thousand metric tons/squ Ranked 75th.	2,350 thousand metric tons/squ Ranked 25th. 4 times more than Morocco
Biodiversity > Fish species, threatened	44 Ranked 43th.	87 Ranked 11th. 98% more than Morocco
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kt	50,608.27 Ranked 62nd.	460,124.16 Ranked 13th. 9 times more than Morocco
CO2 emissions > Kt > Per capita	1.28 kt per 1,000 people Ranked 117th.	7.94 kt per 1,000 people Ranked 44th. 6 times more than Morocco
Endangered species > Fish species > Number	31 Ranked 35th.	65 Ranked 10th. 2 times more than Morocco
Pollution > Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day	73,988.71 Ranked 10th.	229,582 Ranked 5th. 3 times more than Morocco
Pollution perceptions > Waste management dissatisfaction	56.58 Ranked 27th. 22% more than South Africa	46.5 Ranked 18th.
Pollution > Climate change > Agrees climate change is caused by human activity	68% Ranked 30th. 2 times more than South Africa	29% Ranked 120th.
Water > Percent of water resources used	43.45% Ranked 20th. 79% more than South Africa	24.28% Ranked 34th.
Endangered species > Higher plant species > Number	2 Ranked 136th.	74 Ranked 33th. 37 times more than Morocco
Pollution > Ozone depleting substance consumption	129.7 Ranked 31st.	379.3 Ranked 18th. 3 times more than Morocco
NOx emissions per populated area	0.1 thousand metric tons/squ Ranked 123th.	0.64 thousand metric tons/squ Ranked 29th. 6 times more than Morocco
Water > Dissolved oxygen concentration	6.25 mls/litre Ranked 109th.	7.54 mls/litre Ranked 78th. 21% more than Morocco
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kt per 1000	1.6 Ranked 122nd.	9.2 Ranked 31st. 6 times more than Morocco
Forest area > Sq. km	43,640 kmÂ² Ranked 73th.	92,030 kmÂ² Ranked 57th. 2 times more than Morocco
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 US$ of GDP	$0.67 Ranked 62nd.	$1.59 Ranked 20th. 2 times more than Morocco
Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Urban and rural	69.7 Ranked 125th.	73.96 Ranked 120th. 6% more than Morocco
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kt	46,367.92 Ranked 56th.	433,172.74 Ranked 12th. 9 times more than Morocco
Pollution perceptions > Clean, tidy cities	46.25 Ranked 31st. 20% more than South Africa	38.46 Ranked 21st.
Pollution > Ozone depleting substance consumption per million people	4.05 Ranked 57th.	7.5 Ranked 35th. 85% more than Morocco
Water > Availability	0.42 thousand cubic metres Ranked 119th.	1.25 thousand cubic metres Ranked 101st. 3 times more than Morocco
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Rural	60.82 Ranked 159th.	79.27 Ranked 136th. 30% more than Morocco
Biodiversity > Plant species > Higher, threatened	34 Ranked 62nd.	100 Ranked 33th. 3 times more than Morocco
Adjusted net national income > Current US$ per capita	$2,678.13 Ranked 92nd.	$6,333.31 Ranked 54th. 2 times more than Morocco
Biodiversity > Number	3.48 Ranked 69th.	20.74 Ranked 18th. 6 times more than Morocco
Adjusted net national income > Current US$	$85.86 billion Ranked 55th.	$320.38 billion Ranked 27th. 4 times more than Morocco
Water > Freshwater internal flow	22 billion cubic metres Ranked 20th.	49.04 billion cubic metres Ranked 19th. 2 times more than Morocco
Water > Freshwater internal flow per capita	717.38 cubic metres Ranked 36th.	1,114.55 cubic metres Ranked 38th. 55% more than Morocco
Pollution > Climate change > Climate change awareness	30% Ranked 117th.	31% Ranked 116th. 3% more than Morocco
Pollution perceptions > Urban comfort > Low pollution	45 Ranked 34th.	55.29 Ranked 16th. 23% more than Morocco
CFC > Consumption per 1000	1.06 Ranked 33th. 70 times more than South Africa	0.0151 Ranked 83th.
Protected area	0.7% Ranked 128th.	5.4% Ranked 76th. 8 times more than Morocco
Pollution perceptions > Dirty, untidy cities	53.75 Ranked 29th.	61.54 Ranked 7th. 14% more than Morocco
Biodiversity > GEF benefits index for biodiversity > 0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum	3.48 Ranked 70th.	20.74 Ranked 18th. 6 times more than Morocco
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 US$ of GDP	$0.89 Ranked 58th.	$2.42 Ranked 16th. 3 times more than Morocco
Pollution perceptions > Free of noise and light pollution	58.33 Ranked 15th. 6% more than South Africa	54.9 Ranked 17th.
Freshwater > Renewable internal freshwater resources > Total > Billion cubic meters	29 Ranked 92nd.	44.8 Ranked 78th. 54% more than Morocco
Acidification	0.0 Ranked 116th.	0.0 Ranked 71st.
Freshwater > Withdrawal	12.6 Ranked 35th. 1% more than South Africa	12.5 Ranked 37th.
Emissions > Methane emissions > Kt of CO2 equivalent	13,240 Ranked 59th.	59,200 Ranked 24th. 4 times more than Morocco
Freshwater > Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita > Cubic meters	917.56 Ranked 131st.	918.16 Ranked 130th. The same as Morocco
Pollution > PM10, country level > Micrograms per cubic meter	23.05 Ranked 111th. 29% more than South Africa	17.93 Ranked 138th.
Wetlands of intl importance > Area	14 thousand hectares Ranked 95th.	499 thousand hectares Ranked 30th. 36 times more than Morocco
Biodiversity and protected areas > Terrestrial protected areas > Number	31 Ranked 114th.	931 Ranked 24th. 30 times more than Morocco
CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 PPP $ of GDP	0.33 kg/PPP$ Ranked 80th.	0.79 kg/PPP$ Ranked 24th. 2 times more than Morocco
Proportion of land and marine area under protection	19.92% Ranked 58th. 3 times more than South Africa	6.56% Ranked 134th.
Endangered species protection	60.9% Ranked 80th.	95.8% Ranked 24th. 57% more than Morocco
Climate change > CO2 emissions from other sectors, excluding residential buildings and commercial and public services > Million metric tons	4.84 Ranked 28th.	6.41 Ranked 25th. 32% more than Morocco
Pollution perceptions > Urban discomfort from pollution	55 Ranked 25th. 23% more than South Africa	44.71 Ranked 12th.
Biodiversity > GEF benefits index for biodiversity > 0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum per million	0.112 Ranked 128th.	0.425 Ranked 82nd. 4 times more than Morocco
Water > Population connected to wastewater treatment	80% Ranked 11th. 40% more than South Africa	57% Ranked 23th.
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Urban	98.17 Ranked 100th.	98.98 Ranked 84th. 1% more than Morocco
Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Rural	52% Ranked 127th.	57.09% Ranked 118th. 10% more than Morocco
Sea > Blue Flag beaches per million people	0.799 Ranked 22nd. 2 times more than South Africa	0.365 Ranked 28th.
Pollution perceptions > Waste management satisfaction	43.42 Ranked 33th.	53.5 Ranked 10th. 23% more than Morocco
Pollution > Climate change > Perceived as threat	29% Ranked 111th. 38% more than South Africa	21% Ranked 119th.
Emissions > Nitrous oxide emissions > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent	15,510 Ranked 43th.	29,250 Ranked 26th. 89% more than Morocco
Wildness	17.54% Ranked 50th.	19.78% Ranked 47th. 13% more than Morocco
Biosphere > Reserves area	9,754 thousand hectares Ranked 6th. 3 times more than South Africa	3,371 thousand hectares Ranked 13th.
Forest area > Sq. km per 1000	1.45 kmÂ² Ranked 129th.	1.95 kmÂ² Ranked 110th. 35% more than Morocco
Threatened species > Mammal	18 Ranked 40th.	33 Ranked 18th. 83% more than Morocco
Water > Net freshwater supplied by water supply industry to households per capita	23.64 cubic metres Ranked 42nd.	82.05 cubic metres Ranked 8th. 3 times more than Morocco
Water > Population supplied by water supply industry	71.9% Ranked 36th. 6% more than South Africa	68% Ranked 37th.
Known mammal species	105 Ranked 81st.	247 Ranked 27th. 2 times more than Morocco
Climate change > CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services > Million metric tons	3.54 Ranked 54th.	17.25 Ranked 27th. 5 times more than Morocco
Pollution > Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day per worker	0.159 Ranked 25th.	0.173 Ranked 17th. 9% more than Morocco
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Total > Billion cubic meters	12.6 Ranked 37th. 1% more than South Africa	12.5 Ranked 39th.
Sea > Blue Flag beaches	25 Ranked 14th. 39% more than South Africa	18 Ranked 16th.
Pollution > Carbon dioxide 1999	9,781 Ranked 62nd.	91,316 Ranked 14th. 9 times more than Morocco
Breeding birds threatened	4.29% Ranked 42nd. 28% more than South Africa	3.36% Ranked 56th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > Kt per 1000	1 Ranked 112th.	1.32 Ranked 102nd. 31% more than Morocco
Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > Kt per 1000	0.0413 Ranked 104th.	0.135 Ranked 89th. 3 times more than Morocco
Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > Kt per 1000	0.334 Ranked 59th.	7.62 Ranked 4th. 23 times more than Morocco
Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > Kt	1,305.45 Ranked 93th.	6,754.61 Ranked 69th. 5 times more than Morocco
Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > Kt	10,568.29 Ranked 47th.	381,034.3 Ranked 7th. 36 times more than Morocco
Climate change > Other greenhouse gas emissions, HFC, PFC and SF6 > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent per million	0.0 Ranked 132nd.	64.21 Ranked 54th.
Biodiversity and protected areas > Marine protected areas > Number	11 Ranked 68th.	30 Ranked 27th. 3 times more than Morocco
Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Urban	83.15 Ranked 123th.	84.31 Ranked 119th. 1% more than Morocco
Emissions > Other greenhouse gas emissions > HFC > PFC and SF6 > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent	0.0 Ranked 117th.	2,600 Ranked 21st.
Urban SO2 concentration	78.15 micrograms/m3 Ranked 40th. 3 times more than South Africa	22.37 micrograms/m3 Ranked 100th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Consumption of fixed capital > Current US$	$8.84 billion Ranked 53th.	$37.15 billion Ranked 31st. 4 times more than Morocco
Marine areas under protection	4 Ranked 58th.	20 Ranked 19th. 5 times more than Morocco
Water > Population connected to wastewater collecting system	87.2% Ranked 17th. 45% more than South Africa	60% Ranked 29th.
Water > Surface and Groundwater inflow	0.0 Ranked 36th.	5.26 billion cubic metres Ranked 25th.
Water > Proportion of marine area under protection	2.53% Ranked 95th.	12.76% Ranked 46th. 5 times more than Morocco
Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Including particulate emission damage > Current US$	$17.31 billion Ranked 32nd.	$-9,222,704,751.44 Ranked 115th.
Pollution > Carbon dioxide 1999 per 1000	0.345 Ranked 111th.	2.13 Ranked 37th. 6 times more than Morocco
Freshwater > Withdrawal per million	0.439 Ranked 57th. 54% more than South Africa	0.284 Ranked 72nd.
Emissions > PM10 > Country level > Micrograms per cubic meter	21.02 Ranked 132nd. 2% more than South Africa	20.54 Ranked 135th.
Wetlands of intl importance > Area per million	0.478 thousand hectares Ranked 102nd.	10.96 thousand hectares Ranked 58th. 23 times more than Morocco
Known mammal species per million	3.58 Ranked 115th.	5.42 Ranked 105th. 51% more than Morocco
Areas under protection per million	0.406 Ranked 135th.	11.75 Ranked 41st. 29 times more than Morocco
Water > Salinisation	3,300.63 Ranked 2nd. 3 times more than South Africa	1,312.26 Ranked 27th.
Marine areas under protection per million	0.135 Ranked 76th.	0.434 Ranked 51st. 3 times more than Morocco
Areas under protection	12 Ranked 109th.	542 Ranked 19th. 45 times more than Morocco
Biosphere > Reserves area per million	332.77 thousand hectares Ranked 10th. 4 times more than South Africa	74.03 thousand hectares Ranked 33th.
Fertiliser > Consumption	387.91 hundred grams/hectare Ranked 87th.	529.11 hundred grams/hectare Ranked 77th. 36% more than Morocco
Urban NO2 concentration	59.76 micrograms/m3 Ranked 46th. 36% more than South Africa	44.03 micrograms/m3 Ranked 89th.
Non-wildness	1.48% Ranked 92nd.	2.92% Ranked 71st. 97% more than Morocco
Pollution > Water pollution, paper and pulp industry > % of total BOD emissions	2.91% Ranked 27th.	6.58% Ranked 6th. 2 times more than Morocco
Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$, % of GDP	67.16% Ranked 18th. 7% more than South Africa	62.88% Ranked 26th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Mineral depletion > Current US$	$5.36 billion Ranked 12th.	$6.97 billion Ranked 10th. 30% more than Morocco
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Mineral depletion > % of GNI	6.14% Ranked 8th. 2 times more than South Africa	2.61% Ranked 16th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > Current US$	$100.54 million Ranked 54th.	$219.23 million Ranked 39th. 2 times more than Morocco
Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Excluding particulate emission damage > Current US$	$17.41 billion Ranked 32nd.	$-9,003,473,621.35 Ranked 121st.
Water pollution > Clay and glass industry > % of total BOD emissions	0.27% Ranked 17th. 93% more than South Africa	0.14% Ranked 40th.
Emissions > Industrial methane emissions > % of total	2.64% Ranked 123th.	54.29% Ranked 21st. 21 times more than Morocco
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Domestic > % of total freshwater withdrawal	9.76% Ranked 92nd.	31.24% Ranked 28th. 3 times more than Morocco
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Industry > % of total freshwater withdrawal	2.86% Ranked 101st.	6.05% Ranked 77th. 2 times more than Morocco
Oil rents > % of GDP	0.0065% Ranked 78th.	0.162% Ranked 69th. 25 times more than Morocco
Climate change > CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services > Million metric tons per million	0.11 Ranked 90th.	0.341 Ranked 47th. 3 times more than Morocco
Freshwater > Withdrawal > Industrial	3% Ranked 80th.	6% Ranked 60th. Twice as much as Morocco
Water > Net freshwater supplied by water supply industry to households	693 million cubic metres Ranked 9th.	3.61 billion cubic metres Ranked 2nd. 5 times more than Morocco
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change sign date	June 13, 1992	June 15, 1993
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Total > % of internal resources	43.45% Ranked 33th. 56% more than South Africa	27.89% Ranked 43th.
Forest area > % of land area	9.78% of land area Ranked 149th. 29% more than South Africa	7.58% of land area Ranked 157th.
Water pollution > Metal industry > % of total BOD emissions	2.1% Ranked 21st.	15.12% Ranked 6th. 7 times more than Morocco
Pollution > Water pollution, wood industry > % of total BOD emissions	1.97% Ranked 20th.	4.24% Ranked 11th. 2 times more than Morocco
Climate change > CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services > % of total fuel combustion	7.06% Ranked 77th. 50% more than South Africa	4.69% Ranked 96th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net forest depletion > Current US$	0.0 Ranked 140th.	$1.30 billion Ranked 2nd.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Excluding particulate emission damage > % of GNI	19.94% Ranked 15th.	-3.37% Ranked 106th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Energy depletion > Current US$	$24.75 million Ranked 91st.	$17.04 billion Ranked 30th. 689 times more than Morocco
Emissions > CO2 intensity > Kg per kg of oil equivalent energy use	3.23 Ranked 12th. About the same as South Africa	3.22 Ranked 13th.
PM10 > Country level > Micrograms per cubic meter	19.81 mcg/mÂ³ Ranked 145th.	26.14 mcg/mÂ³ Ranked 131st. 32% more than Morocco
Pollution > Water pollution, food industry > % of total BOD emissions	16.27% Ranked 22nd. 4% more than South Africa	15.65% Ranked 23th.
Pollution > Water pollution, other industry > % of total BOD emissions	19.91% Ranked 24th.	37.43% Ranked 7th. 88% more than Morocco
Freshwater > Withdrawal > Domestic	10% Ranked 76th.	31% Ranked 22nd. 3 times more than Morocco
Climate change > GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF > Mt of CO2 equivalent	3.64 Ranked 4th.	-18.616 Ranked 72nd.
Water pollution > Wood industry > % of total BOD emissions	1.11% Ranked 26th.	3.89% Ranked 17th. 4 times more than Morocco
Water > Phosphorus concentration	0.26 mls/litre Ranked 89th.	0.73 mls/litre Ranked 9th. 3 times more than Morocco
Pollution perceptions > Green space and parks satisfaction	36.76 Ranked 52nd.	48.08 Ranked 20th. 31% more than Morocco
Total natural resources rents > % of GDP	4.11% Ranked 76th.	10.64% Ranked 48th. 3 times more than Morocco
Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day per worker	0.16 kg per day per worker Ranked 22nd.	0.18 kg per day per worker Ranked 23th. 13% more than Morocco
Freshwater > Withdrawal > Agricultural	87% Ranked 39th. 38% more than South Africa	63% Ranked 84th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Energy depletion > % of GNI	0.03% Ranked 85th.	6.37% Ranked 33th. 212 times more than Morocco
Climate change > GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF > Mt of CO2 equivalent per million	0.127 Ranked 9th.	-0.486 Ranked 45th.
Water pollution > Water pollution > Other industry > % of total BOD emissions	16.63% Ranked 23th.	39.63% Ranked 4th. 2 times more than Morocco
Climate change > CO2 emissions from other sectors, excluding residential buildings and commercial and public services > % of total fuel combustion	9.65% Ranked 13th. 6 times more than South Africa	1.74% Ranked 76th.
Water > Surface and Groundwater inflow per capita	0.0 Ranked 34th.	119.55 cubic metres Ranked 26th.
Biodiversity and protected areas > Terrestrial protected areas > % of total surface area	1.22% Ranked 170th.	6.05% Ranked 127th. 5 times more than Morocco
Adjusted net national income > Current US$, % of GDP	86.54% Ranked 45th. 9% more than South Africa	79.74% Ranked 102nd.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Gross savings > % of GNI	31.44% Ranked 29th. 95% more than South Africa	16.13% Ranked 89th.
Known breeding bird species	206 Ranked 72nd.	304 Ranked 19th. 48% more than Morocco
Adjusted savings > Net forest depletion > % of GNI	0.14% of GNI Ranked 47th.	0.17% of GNI Ranked 41st. 21% more than Morocco
Natural gas rents > % of GDP	0.00856% Ranked 76th.	0.0222% Ranked 67th. 3 times more than Morocco
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > % of GNI	0.12% Ranked 95th. 50% more than South Africa	0.08% Ranked 106th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net forest depletion > % of GNI	0.0 Ranked 131st.	0.49% Ranked 28th.
Water pollution > Water pollution > Chemical industry > % of total BOD emissions	8.69% Ranked 18th.	11.44% Ranked 9th. 32% more than Morocco
Emissions > Agricultural methane emissions > % of total	41.62% Ranked 65th. 75% more than South Africa	23.82% Ranked 96th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Including particulate emission damage > % of GNI	19.83% Ranked 14th.	-3.45% Ranked 105th.
Water pollution > Water pollution > Wood industry > % of total BOD emissions	1.91% Ranked 21st.	4.28% Ranked 13th. 2 times more than Morocco
Known breeding bird species per million	7.03 Ranked 111th. 5% more than South Africa	6.68 Ranked 114th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net national savings > Current US$	$18.61 billion Ranked 38th. 3 times more than South Africa	$5.99 billion Ranked 51st.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > Kt	31,756.22 Ranked 48th.	65,851.99 Ranked 28th. 2 times more than Morocco
Water > Suspended solids	4.4 mls/litre Ranked 89th.	4.44 mls/litre Ranked 87th. 1% more than Morocco
Emissions > Agricultural nitrous oxide emissions > % of total	75.18% Ranked 88th.	82.7% Ranked 73th. 10% more than Morocco
Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > % of total	2.58% Ranked 101st. 76% more than South Africa	1.47% Ranked 108th.
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2005 PPP $ of GDP	$0.39 Ranked 51st.	$0.96 Ranked 9th. 2 times more than Morocco
Water pollution > Food industry > % of total BOD emissions	43.04% Ranked 21st. 19% more than South Africa	36.04% Ranked 38th.
Water pollution > Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day per worker	0.16 Ranked 21st. The same as South Africa	0.16 Ranked 22nd.
Pollution perceptions > Green space and parks dissatisfaction	63.24 Ranked 8th. 22% more than South Africa	51.92 Ranked 8th.
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per PPP $ of GDP	$0.36 Ranked 51st.	$0.90 Ranked 9th. 3 times more than Morocco
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net national savings > % of GNI	21.31% Ranked 29th. 10 times more than South Africa	2.24% Ranked 106th.
Water pollution > Other industry > % of total BOD emissions	3.39% Ranked 19th.	5.46% Ranked 25th. 61% more than Morocco
Water pollution > Water pollution > Paper and pulp industry > % of total BOD emissions	2.8% Ranked 25th.	6.98% Ranked 6th. 2 times more than Morocco
Pollution > Water pollution, clay and glass industry > % of total BOD emissions	6.48% Ranked 14th. 25% more than South Africa	5.21% Ranked 19th.
Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > % of GNI	0.06% of GNI Ranked 147th.	0.14% of GNI Ranked 122nd. 2 times more than Morocco
Water pollution > Chemical industry > % of total BOD emissions	6.78% Ranked 18th.	10.51% Ranked 19th. 55% more than Morocco
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved sanitation > Rural	52 Ranked 127th.	57.09 Ranked 118th. 10% more than Morocco
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Agriculture > % of total freshwater withdrawal	87.38% Ranked 33th. 39% more than South Africa	62.71% Ranked 82nd.
Water pollution > Water pollution > Textile industry > % of total BOD emissions	41.99% Ranked 5th. 4 times more than South Africa	11.92% Ranked 16th.
International agreements > Signed but not ratified	Environmental Modification	none of the selected agreements
Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > % of total	62.75% Ranked 104th. 4 times more than South Africa	14.31% Ranked 188th.
Water pollution > Paper and pulp industry > % of total BOD emissions	7.97% Ranked 28th.	17.96% Ranked 18th. 2 times more than Morocco
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Carbon dioxide damage > % of GNI	0.42% Ranked 57th.	1.28% Ranked 6th. 3 times more than Morocco
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Consumption of fixed capital > % of GNI	10.13% Ranked 94th.	13.89% Ranked 21st. 37% more than Morocco
Marine protected areas > % of territorial waters	2.41% Ranked 88th.	9.37% Ranked 52nd. 4 times more than Morocco
CO2 Emissions	33,236.1 Ranked 62nd.	344,590 Ranked 13th. 10 times more than Morocco
Water pollution > Water pollution > Metal industry > % of total BOD emissions	0.95% Ranked 20th.	5.75% Ranked 6th. 6 times more than Morocco
Adjusted net national income > Annual % growth	4.04% Ranked 39th.	5.34% Ranked 27th. 32% more than Morocco
Water > Prevalence of public-private partnerships	Casablanca , Rabat , Tangiers and Tetouan	Mbombela and Dolphin Coast
Pollution > Water pollution, chemical industry > % of total BOD emissions	7.89% Ranked 20th.	10.58% Ranked 10th. 34% more than Morocco
Climate change > Other greenhouse gas emissions, HFC, PFC and SF6 > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent	0.0 Ranked 132nd.	3,210 Ranked 25th.
Adjusted savings > Carbon dioxide damage > % of GNI	0.55% of GNI Ranked 60th.	1.12% of GNI Ranked 27th. 2 times more than Morocco
Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > % of total	20.88% Ranked 50th.	82.81% Ranked 4th. 4 times more than Morocco
Pollution > Water pollution, metal industry > % of total BOD emissions	1.04% Ranked 23th.	9.93% Ranked 4th. 10 times more than Morocco
Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > % of total fuel combustion	38.96% Ranked 64th.	62.31% Ranked 13th. 60% more than Morocco
Pollution > Water pollution, textile industry > % of total BOD emissions	43.52% Ranked 4th. 4 times more than South Africa	10.37% Ranked 21st.
Water pollution > Textile industry > % of total BOD emissions	35.34% Ranked 3rd. 3 times more than South Africa	10.88% Ranked 23th.
Biodiversity and protected areas > Marine protected areas > % of total surface area	1.61% Ranked 63th.	6.22% Ranked 27th. 4 times more than Morocco

SOURCES: The Changing Wealth of Nations: Measuring Sustainable Development in the New Millennium; World Resources Institute. 2003. Carbon Emissions from energy use and cement manufacturing, 1850 to 2000. Available on-line through the Climate Analysis Indicators Tool (CAIT) at Washington, DC: World Resources Institute. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; International Energy Agency; International Energy Agency. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), Living Planet Report 2000, Gland, Switzerland: 2000, and Redefining Progress.; World Development Indicators database; FAOSTAT on-line database; pollution; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; World Bank, World Development Indicators 2001, Washington, DC: World Bank, 2001 (for BOD emissions)and Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, WaterGap 2.1, 2000 (for data on waterquantity). via ciesin.org; 1998 study by Hemamala Hettige, Muthukumara Mani, and David Wheeler, ""Industrial Pollution in Economic Development: Kuznets Revisited"" (available at www.worldbank.org/nipr). The data were updated through 2005 by the World Bank's Development Research Group using the same methodology as the initial study.; FAOSTAT on-line database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, WaterGap 2.1, 2000 via ciesin.org; UNEP, Production and Consumption of Ozone Depleting Substances, 1986-1998, October 1999. via ciesin.org; United Nations Environmental Program and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre, and International Union for Conservation of Nature, Red List of Threatened Species.; United Nations Environmental Program and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Wikipedia: List of national parks (Africa); Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, United States.; United Nations Environmental Program and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre; Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center; World Development Indicators database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; The Changing Wealth of Nations: Measuring Sustainable Development in the New Millennium. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: Special Report on Emissions Scenarios, Data Version 1.1, B1Illustrative Marker Scenario with model IMAGE; Froese, R. and Pauly, D. (eds). 2008. FishBase database, www.fishbase.org.; Froese, R. and Pauly, D. (eds). 2008. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org. version (07/2008). Accessed: 28 September 2008.; Industrial Pollution in Economic Development: Kuznets Revisited; Wikipedia: Climate change opinion by country; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Global Environmental Monitoring System/Water Quality Monitoring System, with data for an additional 29 countries from Prescott-Allen,R. The Well being of Nations, Washington, DC: Island Press, 2001; Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, United States. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, WaterGAP 2.1B, 2001 via ciesin.org; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Kiran Dev Pandey, Piet Buys, Ken Chomitz, and David Wheeler's, ""Biodiversity Conservation Indicators: New Tools for Priority Setting at the Global Environment Facility"" (2006).; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=ENV&f=variableID%3a5, Freshwater internal flow; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=ENV&f=variableID%3a5, Freshwater internal flow. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNEP, Production and Consumption of Ozone Depleting Substances, 1986-1998, October 1999. via ciesin.org. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Jacaranda Atlas; Kiran Dev Pandey, Piet Buys, Ken Chomitz, and David Wheeler's, "Biodiversity Conservation Indicators: New Tools for Priority Setting at the Global Environment Facility" (2006).; Food and Agriculture Organisation, AQUASTAT data.; Stockholm Environment Institute at York, Acidification in Developing Countries: Ecosystem Sensitivity and the Critical Loads Approach at the Global scale, 2000 via ciesin.org; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008; World Resources Institute.; World Bank, Development Research Group and Environment Department; World Resources Institute; United Nations Environmental Program and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre, as compiled by the World Resources Institute, based on data from national authorities, national legislation and international agreements.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, Report on National Reports Required Under Article VIII, Paragraph 7(a), of the Convention, Eleventh Meeting of the Conference of the Parties, Gigiri, Kenya, April 2000; Kiran Dev Pandey, Piet Buys, Ken Chomitz, and David Wheeler's, "Biodiversity Conservation Indicators: New Tools for Priority Setting at the Global Environment Facility" (2006). Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; http://www.blueflag.org/Menu/Blue+Flag+beaches%2fmarinas. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; International Energy Agency (IEA Statistics \xA9 OECD/IEA, http://www.iea.org/stats/index.asp).; Wild Areas Project (WAP), joint Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) and CIESIN project to map the lastwild places on the earth's surface. via ciesin.org; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=ENV&f=variableID%3a38, Net freshwater supplied by water supply industry to: Households. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; World Bank and UNIDO's industry database.; http://www.blueflag.org/Menu/Blue+Flag+beaches%2fmarinas; Gregg Marland, Tom Boden, and Bob Andres, University of North Dakota, via net publication; 2000 IUCN Red List, and World Resources Institute,World Resources 2000-2001, Washington, DC: WRI, 2000. Original sources: World Conservation Monitoring Center, IUCN-The World Conservation Union, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and other sources.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; World Resources Institute, World Resources 1998-99; World Bank, World Development Indicators 2000; WHO,Air Management Information System-AMIS 2.0, 1998; and Global Urban Observatory, Citibase, 1999. via ciesin.org; World Bank staff estimates using data from the United Nations Statistics Division's National Accounts Statistics.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=ENV&f=variableID%3a8, Inflow of surface and groundwaters; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; World Bank staff estimates. The conceptual underpinnings of the savings measure appear in Hamilton and Clemens' ""Genuine Savings Rates in Developing Countries"" (1999).; Gregg Marland, Tom Boden, and Bob Andres, University of North Dakota, via net publication. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Kiren Dev Pandey, David Wheeler, Bart Ostro, Uwe Deichmann, Kirk Hamilton, and Katherine Bolt. ""Ambient Particulate Matter Concentrations in Residential and Pollution Hotspot Areas of World Cities: New Estimates Based on the Global Model of Ambient Particulates (GMAPS),"" World Bank, Development Research Group and Environment Department (2006).; World Resources Institute. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Bank, World Development Indicators 2001. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2001. via ciesin.org; Wild Areas Project (WAP), joint Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) and CIESIN project to map the last wild places on the earth's surface. Accessed via ciesin.org; The Changing Wealth of Nations: Measuring Sustainable Development in the New Millennium. GDP figures sourced from World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; World Bank staff estimates based on sources and methods in Arundhati Kunte and others' ""Estimating National Wealth: Methodology and Results"" (1998).; Kiran D. Pandey and others' ""The Human Costs of Air Pollution: New Estimates for Developing Countries"" (2006).; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=ENV&f=variableID%3a38, Net freshwater supplied by water supply industry to: Households; Wikipedia: List of parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (List of parties) (Parties & Observers , UNFCCC, 1 June 2011); United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Global Environmental Monitoring System/Water Quality Monitoring System, with data for an additional 29 countries from Prescott-Allen, R. The Well being of Nations, Washington, DC: Island Press, 2001; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=ENV&f=variableID%3a8, Inflow of surface and groundwaters. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Bank national accounts data files.; World Bank staff estimates.; United Nations Statistics Division Original html; World Bank staff estimates based on Samuel Fankhauser's ""Valuing Climate Change: The Economics of the Greenhouse"" (1995).; World Resources Institute. 2003. Carbon Emissions from energy use and cement manufacturing, 1850 to 2000. Available on-line through the Climate Analysis Indicators Tool (CAIT) at Washington, DC: World Resources Institute; Wikipedia: Water privatization (Prevalence of public-private partnerships) (World Bank / Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility: Public-Private Partnerships for Urban Water Utilities: A Review of Experiences in Developing Countries , by Philippe Marin, 2009, Overview, pp. 6-7.)

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