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Crime Stats: compare key data on Brazil & Canada

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Definitions

  • Age of criminal responsibility: The age at which a person is no longer excluded from criminal liability.  The lowest age is indicated for countries where there isn’t a single age limit, for example where different states have different regulations (such as the USA) or there is different limits for boy and girls (such as in Iran). The spectrum is specifically wide for the USA and Mexico (both 6-12 years). Several US states do not stipulate any minimal age for criminal responsibility at all. For further qualifications, exceptions and other notes, please refer to notes.
  • Believes crime increasing in the past 3 years: Crime increasing in the past 3 years. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "In the past three years would you say the level of crime in your community has increased, stayed about the same, or decreased?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Crime levels: Level of crime. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How serious you feel the level of crime is?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Drugs > Annual cannabis use: Estimate of percentage of 15-64 year old population who use Cannabis.
  • Drugs > Opiates use: Annual prevalence.
  • Fear of crime > Feels safe walking alone > At night: Safety walking alone during night. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How safe do you feel walking alone in this city during the night?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Fear of crime > Violent hate crime: Worries being subject to a physical attack because of your skin colour, ethnic origin or religion. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How worried are you about)......being subject to a physical attack because of your skin colour, ethnic origin or religion?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Murder rate: Homicide rate per year per 100,000 inhabitants in various countries.
  • Murders > Per 100,000 people: Intentional homicide rate is the estimate of intentional homicides in a country as a result of domestic disputes that end in a killing, interpersonal violence, violent conflicts over land resources, inter-gang violence over turf or control, and predatory violence and killing by armed groups. The term, intentional homicide, is broad, but it does not include all intentional killing. In particular, deaths arising from armed conflict are usually considered separately. The difference is usually described by the organisation of the killing. Individuals or small groups usually commit homicide, whereas the killing in armed conflict is usually committed by more or less cohesive groups of up to several hundred members. Two main sources of data are presented: criminal justice (law enforcement) measures (this series), supplemented by data from national statistical agencies, and measures from public health sources (see other intentional homicide series). These various sources measure slightly different phenomena and are therefore unlikely to provide identical numbers."
  • Violent crime > Gun crime > Guns per 100 residents: Number of privately owned small firearms per 100 residents.
  • Violent crime > Intentional homicide rate: Homicides per 100’000 residents. Homicide is the death of a person purposefully inflicted by another person (it excludes suicides) outside of a state of war. Homicide is a broader category than murder, as it also includes manslaughter. The exact legal definition varies across countries, some of which include infanticide, assisted suicide, euthanasia and deaths caused by dangerous driving.
  • Violent crime > Murder rate: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population.
  • Violent crime > Murder rate per million people: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
  • Violent crime > Murders: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population.
  • Violent crime > Murders per million people: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
  • Prisoners: Total persons incarcerated
  • Punishment > Maximum length of sentence: Maximum length of sentence (under life).

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Perceived problems > Problem violent crimes including assault and armed robbery: Problem violent crimes such as assault and armed robbery. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How much of a problem are...) violent crimes such as assault and armed robbery?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Murders > WHO: Intentional homicide rate is the estimate of intentional homicides in a country as a result of domestic disputes that end in a killing, interpersonal violence, violent conflicts over land resources, inter-gang violence over turf or control, and predatory violence and killing by armed groups. The term, intentional homicide, is broad, but it does not include all intentional killing. In particular, deaths arising from armed conflict are usually considered separately. The difference is usually described by the organisation of the killing. Individuals or small groups usually commit homicide, whereas the killing in armed conflict is usually committed by more or less cohesive groups of up to several hundred members. Two main sources of data are presented: criminal justice (law enforcement) measures (this series), supplemented by data from national statistical agencies, and measures from public health sources (see other intentional homicide series). These various sources measure slightly different phenomena and are therefore unlikely to provide identical numbers."
  • Fear of crime > Feels safe walking alone > During the day: Safety walking alone during daylight. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How safe do you feel walking alone in this city during the daylight?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Prisoners > Per capita: Data for 2003. Number of prisoners held per 100,000 population.
  • Punishment > Crimes possibly attracting life sentence: Possible other sentence.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Fear of crime > Worries about being attacked: Worries attacked. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How worried are you about)......being physically attacked by strangers?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Software piracy rate: The piracy rate is the total number of units of pirated software deployed in 2007 divided by the total units of software installed.
  • Perceived problems > Property crimes including vandalism and theft: Problem property crimes such as vandalism and theft. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How much of a problem are...) property crimes such as vandalism and theft?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Perceived problems > Illegal drugs: Problem people using or dealing drugs. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How much of a problem are...) people using or dealing drugs?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Perceived problems > Problem corruption and bribery: Problem corruption and bribery. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How much of a problem are...) corruption and bribery?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Punishment > Minimum life sentence to serve before eligibility for requesting parole: Minimum to serve before eligibility for requesting parole.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Fear of crime > Worries about being insulted: Worries being insulted. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How worried are you about)......being insulted or pestered by anybody, while in the street or any other public place?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Fear of crime > Worries about being mugged or robbed: Worries being mugged or robbed. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How worried are you about)......being mugged and robbed?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Illicit drugs: Crime statistics are often better indicators of prevalence of law enforcement and willingness to report crime, than actual prevalence.
  • Prisoners per 1000: Total persons incarcerated. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Murders committed by youths: Homicide rates among youths aged 10–29 years by country or area: most recent year available (variable 1990–1999).
  • Punishment > Crimes requiring mandatory sentence: Mandatory sentence.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Fear of crime > Worries about home break and enter: Worries home broken and things stolen. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How worried are you about....having your home broken into and something stolen?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Drugs > HIV testing amongst drug users: Estimated percentage of injecting drug users who have been tested for HIV.
  • Prisoners > Female: Female prisoners, expressed as a percentage share of the total prison population. Data for 2003.
  • Punishment > Life sentence under the age of 18 or 21: Under age of 18 (or 21).

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Drugs > HIV infections amongst drug users: Percentage of injecting drug users who are HIV positive.
  • Punishment > Has life imprisonment: Life imprisonment.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Murders committed by youths per million: Homicide rates among youths aged 10–29 years by country or area: most recent year available (variable 1990–1999). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Fear of crime > Worries about things from car being stolen: Worries things from car stolen. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How worried are you about)......having things stolen from your car?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Punishment > Has indefinite sentence: Indefinite sentence (excl. preventive or psychiatric detainment).

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Fear of crime > Worries about car being stolen: Worries car stolen. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How worried are you about)......having your car stolen?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Murders committed by youths per capita: Homicide rate per 100,000 population aged 10–29 years
  • Prisoners > Share of prison capacity filled: The percentage of the offical prison capacity filled. This is obtained by comparing the number of prisoners in a nation to the offical capacity of the nation's prison system. Data for 2003.
  • Prisoners > Pre-trial detainees: The percentage of the prison population that is being held pre-trial / on remand. Data for 2003.
  • Unpaid diplomatic parking fines: Average Unpaid Annual New York City Parking Violations per Diplomat, 11/1997 to 11/2002.
  • Unpaid diplomatic parking fines per million: Average Unpaid Annual New York City Parking Violations per Diplomat, 11/1997 to 11/2002. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
STAT Brazil Canada HISTORY
Age of criminal responsibility 18
Ranked 2nd. 50% more than Canada
12
Ranked 35th.
Believes crime increasing in the past 3 years 74.9
Ranked 20th. 34% more than Canada
56.01
Ranked 70th.
Crime levels 78.04
Ranked 10th. Twice as much as Canada
39.03
Ranked 53th.
Drugs > Annual cannabis use 2.6%
Ranked 10th.
12.6%
Ranked 2nd. 5 times more than Brazil
Drugs > Opiates use 0.6%
Ranked 4th. 50% more than Canada
0.4%
Ranked 9th.
Fear of crime > Feels safe walking alone > At night 14.86
Ranked 86th.
59.14
Ranked 32nd. 4 times more than Brazil
Fear of crime > Violent hate crime 23.57
Ranked 59th. 11% more than Canada
21.24
Ranked 67th.
Murder rate 22 2.05
Murders > Per 100,000 people 30.8
Ranked 10th. 15 times more than Canada
2
Ranked 98th.
Violent crime > Gun crime > Guns per 100 residents 8
Ranked 72nd.
30.8
Ranked 13th. 4 times more than Brazil
Violent crime > Intentional homicide rate 27
Ranked 12th. 17 times more than Canada
1.56
Ranked 12th.

Violent crime > Murder rate 40,974
Ranked 1st. 74 times more than Canada
554
Ranked 31st.

Violent crime > Murder rate per million people 209.9
Ranked 19th. 13 times more than Canada
16.23
Ranked 62nd.

Violent crime > Murders 40,974
Ranked 1st. 74 times more than Canada
554
Ranked 31st.

Violent crime > Murders per million people 209.9
Ranked 19th. 13 times more than Canada
16.23
Ranked 62nd.

Prisoners 308,304 prisoners
Ranked 5th. 9 times more than Canada
35,519 prisoners
Ranked 39th.
Punishment > Maximum length of sentence 30 years None
Perceived problems > Problem violent crimes including assault and armed robbery 80.14
Ranked 8th. 2 times more than Canada
34.04
Ranked 57th.
Murders > WHO 26.2
Ranked 16th. 17 times more than Canada
1.5
Ranked 141st.
Fear of crime > Feels safe walking alone > During the day 47.36
Ranked 84th.
84.64
Ranked 29th. 79% more than Brazil

United States extradition treaties > Entered into force December 17, 1964<br>December 17, 1964 March 22, 1976<br>March 22, 1976<br>November 26, 1991<br>April 30, 2003
Prisoners > Per capita 169 per 100,000 people
Ranked 49th. 46% more than Canada
116 per 100,000 people
Ranked 75th.
Punishment > Crimes possibly attracting life sentence No life imprisonment sentence Various crimes including armed robbery, extortion, and most offenses resulting in death
Fear of crime > Worries about being attacked 59.69
Ranked 15th. 90% more than Canada
31.37
Ranked 66th.
Software piracy rate 59%
Ranked 57th. 79% more than Canada
33%
Ranked 90th.
Perceived problems > Property crimes including vandalism and theft 75.71
Ranked 9th. 63% more than Canada
46.34
Ranked 58th.
United States extradition treaties > Citation 15 UST 2093; TIAS 5691; 532 UNTS 177.<br>15 UST 2112; TIAS 5691; 532 UNTS 198. 27 UST 983; TIAS 8237.<br>1853 UNTS 407<br>TIAS.
Perceived problems > Illegal drugs 76.18
Ranked 6th. 42% more than Canada
53.53
Ranked 30th.
Perceived problems > Problem corruption and bribery 86.31
Ranked 21st. 3 times more than Canada
32.31
Ranked 77th.
Punishment > Minimum life sentence to serve before eligibility for requesting parole Varies, depending on sentence 7 years minimum to infinite
Fear of crime > Worries about being insulted 43.9
Ranked 34th. 30% more than Canada
33.84
Ranked 57th.
Fear of crime > Worries about being mugged or robbed 76.95
Ranked 9th. 3 times more than Canada
29.85
Ranked 68th.
Illicit drugs second-largest consumer of cocaine in the world; illicit producer of cannabis; trace amounts of coca cultivation in the Amazon region, used for domestic consumption; government has a large-scale eradication program to control cannabis; important transshipment country for Bolivian, Colombian, and Peruvian cocaine headed for Europe; also used by traffickers as a way station for narcotics air transshipments between Peru and Colombia; upsurge in drug-related violence and weapons smuggling; important market for Colombian, Bolivian, and Peruvian cocaine; illicit narcotics proceeds earned in Brazil are often laundered through the financial system; significant illicit financial activity in the Tri-Border Area illicit producer of cannabis for the domestic drug market and export to US; use of hydroponics technology permits growers to plant large quantities of high-quality marijuana indoors; increasing ecstasy production, some of which is destined for the US; vulnerable to narcotics money laundering because of its mature financial services sector
Prisoners per 1000 1.72 prisoners
Ranked 51st. 52% more than Canada
1.13 prisoners
Ranked 82nd.
Murders committed by youths 20,386
Ranked 1st. 143 times more than Canada
143
Ranked 28th.
Background Violent crime is major area of concern for Brazil. The recent figures show that it has the highest number of <a href="http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/cri_mur_com_by_you-crime-murders-committed-by-youths">murders committed by youths</a>, at more than 20,000 committed between 1990 and 1999. Brazil also has the 5th highest rate of <a href="http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/cri_mur_com_by_you_per_cap-murders-committed-youths-per-capita">murders by youths per capita</a>, with 32.5 per 100,000 of the population. &nbsp;However, corruption is also a big problem, with almost 67% of business managers identifying <a href="http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/cri_cor_of_man_sur_ran_thi_as_a_maj_bus_con-surveyed-ranking-major-business-constraint">corruption as a constraint to business</a>. Canada has the 6th highest number of <a href="http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/cri_tot_cri-crime-total-crimes">total crimes</a>&nbsp;in the world, with more than 2.5 million crimes reported in 2002, while the 7th highest share of the population - 23.8% - claiming to have been <a href="http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/cri_tot_cri_vic-crime-total-victims">victims of crime</a>. However, despite these faces, Canadian has a positive overall <a href="http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/cri_per_of_saf_wal_in_dar-crime-perception-safety-walking-dark">perception of safety</a>&nbsp;in the country, with 82% saying it was safe to walk at night, while 87% expressed satisfaction with <a href="http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/cri_bel_in_pol_eff-crime-believe-in-police-efficiency">police efficiency</a>, the 2nd highest rate globally.
Punishment > Crimes requiring mandatory sentence No life imprisonment sentence High treason, murder, war crimes, and crimes against humanity
Fear of crime > Worries about home break and enter 55.36
Ranked 25th. 59% more than Canada
34.74
Ranked 67th.
Drugs > HIV testing amongst drug users 15%
Ranked 49th.
79.6%
Ranked 3rd. 5 times more than Brazil

Prisoners > Female 4.1%
Ranked 67th.
5%
Ranked 47th. 22% more than Brazil
Punishment > Life sentence under the age of 18 or 21 ?? Yes, but only when tried as adult, with lower parole eligibility date.
Drugs > HIV infections amongst drug users 5.92%
Ranked 37th.
10.9%
Ranked 7th. 84% more than Brazil

Punishment > Has life imprisonment No (except in wartime) Yes
Murders committed by youths per million 118.52
Ranked 4th. 25 times more than Canada
4.69
Ranked 42nd.
Fear of crime > Worries about things from car being stolen 74.79
Ranked 12th. 63% more than Canada
45.76
Ranked 58th.
Punishment > Has indefinite sentence No Yes
Fear of crime > Worries about car being stolen 72.3
Ranked 7th. 2 times more than Canada
31.47
Ranked 65th.
Murders committed by youths per capita 32.5
Ranked 4th. 19 times more than Canada
1.7
Ranked 40th.
Prisoners > Share of prison capacity filled 133.8%
Ranked 49th. 42% more than Canada
94.3%
Ranked 99th.
Prisoners > Pre-trial detainees 28.1%
Ranked 81st. 33% more than Canada
21.1%
Ranked 104th.
Unpaid diplomatic parking fines 29.9
Ranked 29th.
0.0
Ranked 142nd.
United States extradition treaties > Date signed January 13, 1961<br>June 18, 1962 December 3, 1971<br>Jun. 28, July 9, 1974<br>January 11, 1988<br>January 12, 2001
Unpaid diplomatic parking fines per million 0.167
Ranked 101st.
0.0
Ranked 140th.
Judges of the International Criminal Court > Term End 2012 2009
Judges of the International Criminal Court > Elected 2003 2003

SOURCES: Wikipedia: Defense of infancy (Ages of criminal responsibility by country); crime; https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/WDR2011/World_Drug_Report_2011_ebook.pdf, World Drug Report 2011, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), 2011, p. 217.; Wikipedia: List of countries by prevalence of opiates use ("World Drug Report 2011" . United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 2011. "World Drug Report 2006" . United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 2006. http://www.unodc.org/documents/wdr/WDR_2009/WDR2009_eng_web.pdf); UN Office on Drugs and Crime, UN Survey of Crime Trends, at http://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/IHS-rates-05012009.pdf.; Annexe I of the Small Arms Survey 2007 ; Wikipedia: List of countries by intentional homicide rate by decade; United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Source tables; United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; The Eighth United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2002) (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Centre for International Crime Prevention); Wikipedia: Life imprisonment (Summary by country); World Health Organisation.; Wikipedia: List of United States extradition treaties; International Centre for Prison Studies - World Prison Brief; Fifth Annual BSA and IDC Global Software Piracy Study; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; The Eighth United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2002) (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Centre for International Crime Prevention). Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Health Organization: World report on violence and health, 2002; Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. Source tables; Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. Source tables; World Health Organization: World report on violence and health, 2002. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Cultures of Corruption: Evidence from Diplomatic Parking Tickets Ray Fisman Edward Miguel Columbia University and NBER University of California, Berkeley and NBER 2006; Cultures of Corruption: Evidence from Diplomatic Parking Tickets Ray Fisman Edward Miguel Columbia University and NBER University of California, Berkeley and NBER 2006. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Wikipedia: Judges of the International Criminal Court

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