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Education Stats: compare key data on Iran & Iraq

Definitions

  • Average IQ: Average IQ of different countries according to the controversial book "IQ and the Wealth of Nations".
  • Children out of school, primary: Children out of school, primary. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Total is the total number of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
  • Children out of school, primary per 1000: Children out of school, primary. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Total is the total number of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Children out of school, primary, female: Children out of school, primary, female. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Female is the total number of female primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
  • Children out of school, primary, female per 1000: Children out of school, primary, female. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Female is the total number of female primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • College and university > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index for college and university enrollment. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled.
  • Compulsary education duration: Number of years students are required to be enrolled in school for all levels of education. For instance, compulsary education lasts for 12 years in the United States.
  • Government spending on education > Proportion of GDP: Percentage of public funding for education out of country's total GDP.
  • Literacy > Female: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
  • Literacy > Total population: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
  • Primary education, duration > Years: Primary education, duration (years). Duration of primary is the number of grades (years) in primary education.
  • Primary education, teachers per 1000: Primary education, teachers. Teaching staff in primary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Pupil-teacher ratio, primary: Pupil-teacher ratio, primary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Primary is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers.
  • Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary: Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Secondary is the number of pupils enrolled in secondary school divided by the number of secondary school teachers.
  • Secondary education, duration > Years: Secondary education, duration (years). Duration of secondary education is the number of grades (years) in secondary education (ISCED 2 & 3).
  • Child care (preschool) > Duration: Number of years students study at the pre-primary (preschool) level. It should be noted that not all countries require pre-primary education.
  • Secondary education > Teachers > Per capita: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Secondary education, pupils: Secondary education, pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled at public and private secondary education institutions.
  • College and university > Private school share: Percentage of post-secondary students who attend a private school, college, or university.
  • School life expectancy > Total: School life expectancy and transition from primary to secondary for school years 1998/99 and 1999/00, published in http://www.uis.unesco.org accessed on Sept. 2002 and Women's Indicators and Statistics Database (Wistat), Version 4, CD-ROM (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.00.XVII.4) based on data provided by UNESCO in 1999.
  • Literacy > Adult literacy: Adult literacy rate (%).
  • Primary education, pupils: Primary education, pupils. Enrolment in primary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in public and private primary education institutions.
  • Primary education, teachers: Primary education, teachers. Teaching staff in primary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
  • Compulsary education starting age: Age at which children must be enrolled in school.
  • Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary per million: Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Secondary is the number of pupils enrolled in secondary school divided by the number of secondary school teachers. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Literacy > Definition: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
  • High school > Upper secondary school duration: Number of years students study at the upper secondary (high school) level.
  • Literacy > Male: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
  • High school > Private school share: Percentage of secondary students who attend a private school.
  • Pupil-teacher ratio > Primary: Primary school pupil-teacher ratio is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers (regardless of their teaching assignment).
  • Child care (preschool) > Starting age: Average age at which students begin pre-primary (preschool) education.
  • Tertiary > Students studying abroad: Total number of post-secondary students who were studying abroad during given year.
  • Elementary (primary school) > Duration: Number of years students study at the primary level.
  • Secondary education, teachers per 1000: Secondary education, teachers. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Secondary education, teachers: Secondary education, teachers. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
  • Child care (preschool) > Students per teacher: Number of students per teacher for pre-primary (preschool) education.
  • High school > Lower secondary school duration: Number of years students study at the lower secondary (middle school) level.
  • Children out of school, primary, male per 1000: Children out of school, primary, male. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Male is the total number of male primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Secondary education, general pupils: Secondary education, general pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. General programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in general programmes at public and private secondary education institutions.
  • High school > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index for secondary level enrollment. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled.
  • Scientific and technical journal articles: Scientific and technical journal articles refer to the number of scientific and engineering articles published in the following fields: physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, clinical medicine, biomedical research, engineering and technology, and earth and space sciences.
  • College and university > Teachers > Proportion of teachers female: Percentage of country's college and university professors that are female.
  • Tertiary > Students studying abroad proportion: The number of students from a given country studying abroad in a given year, expressed as a percentage of total tertiary enrollment in that country. Ratios greater than 100 % are possible, because those currently studying abroad do not count towards total enrollment.
  • Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Elementary (primary school) > Starting age: Average age at which students begin primary education.
  • Children out of school, primary, male: Children out of school, primary, male. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Male is the total number of male primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
  • High school > Students per teacher: Number of students per teacher for all levels of secondary education.
  • Secondary education > General pupils: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training.
  • Secondary school starting age > Years: Secondary school starting age (years). Entrance age of 2A lower secondary is the age at which students would enter lower secondary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade.
  • Primary education > Teachers > Per capita: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • High school > Population with at least high school education > Women: Population with at least high school education > Women.
  • Secondary education, pupils per 1000: Secondary education, pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled at public and private secondary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Primary education, pupils per 1000: Primary education, pupils. Enrolment in primary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in public and private primary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Tertiary > Students studying abroad per thousand people: Total number of post-secondary students who were studying abroad during given year. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
  • Primary education > Duration > Years: Primary duration refers to the number of years of full-time equivalent duration in primary education in the school system according to ISCED.
  • Secondary education, general pupils per 1000: Secondary education, general pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. General programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in general programmes at public and private secondary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Elementary (primary) school) > Private school share: Percentage of primary students who attend a private school.
  • High school > Lower secondary starting age: Average age at which students begin lower secondary (middle school) education.
  • Secondary education > Pupils: Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
  • Primary education > Pupils: Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
  • High school > Population with at least high school education > Men: Gender Inequality Index.
  • Education enrolment by level > Secondary level > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Secondary education, vocational pupils: Secondary education, vocational pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. Technical/vocational programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in technical/vocational programmes at public and private secondary education institutions.
  • Elementary (primary) school > Trained teachers > Both sexes: Percentage of all primary teachers with at least the minimum level of traning required to teach at the primary level.
  • Elementary (primary) school > Students per teacher: Number of students per teacher for primary education.
  • Secondary education > Teachers: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
  • Scientific and technical journal articles per million: Scientific and technical journal articles refer to the number of scientific and engineering articles published in the following fields: physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, clinical medicine, biomedical research, engineering and technology, and earth and space sciences. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Illiterate population by sex > Aged 15+ per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Progression to secondary school: Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year.
  • Child care (preschool) > Trained teachers > Both sexes: Percentage of all pre-primary (preschool) teachers with at least the minimum level of traning required to teach at the pre-primary level.
  • High school > Upper secondary starting age: Average age at which students begin upper secondary (high school) education.
  • School life expectancy > Male: School life expectancy and transition from primary to secondary for school years 1998/99 and 1999/00, published in http://www.uis.unesco.org accessed on Sept. 2002 and Women's Indicators and Statistics Database (Wistat), Version 4, CD-ROM (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.00.XVII.4) based on data provided by UNESCO in 1999.
  • Secondary education > General pupils > Per capita: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Education enrolment by level > Primary level > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
  • Education enrolment by level > Primary level per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Elementary (primary school) > Teachers > Proportion of teachers female: Percentage of country's elementary, or primary, teachers that are female.
  • Primary education > Teachers: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
  • Secondary education > Vocational pupils: Secondary vocational pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in technical and vocational education programs, including teacher training.
  • Secondary education > Pupils per 1000: Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Primary education > Teachers per 1000: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Literacy > Men above 14 years: Percent of male population above the age of 14 years that is literate.
  • Primary school starting age > Years: Primary school starting age (years). Entrance age of primary is the age at which students would enter primary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade.
  • High school > Lower Secondary > Trained teachers > Women: Percentage of female lower secondary level (middle school) teachers with at least the minimum level of traning required to teach at the lower secondary level.
  • Ratio of female to male primary enrollment: Ratio of female to male primary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
  • Secondary education > Teachers per 1000: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Secondary education > General pupils per 1000: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Elementary (primary) school > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index in primary, or elementary, school. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled. 
  • Education enrolment by level > Secondary level per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • School life expectancy > Female: School life expectancy and transition from primary to secondary for school years 1998/99 and 1999/00, published in http://www.uis.unesco.org accessed on Sept. 2002 and Women's Indicators and Statistics Database (Wistat), Version 4, CD-ROM (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.00.XVII.4) based on data provided by UNESCO in 1999.
  • Literacy > Women above 14 years: Percent of female population above the age of 14 years that is literate.
  • Gender ratio > Literacy rate of 15-24 year-olds: Literacy gender parity rate of 15-24 year olds in each country. This number is achieved by dividing the total amount of females who are literate by the total amount of males who are literate. Numbers below 1 mean that more males are literate, while numbers over 1 indicate that more females are literate, with the difference in the numbers indicating to what extent this is true. For instance, in Chad (with a parity rate of .42%) a substantial amount of more males are literate than females. These numbers are only for 15-24 year olds.
  • Teachers' Day date: Date when Teacher's Day is celebrated around the world.
  • Illiterate population by sex > Aged 15+ > Women per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Illiterate population by sex > Aged 15+ > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Primary education > Pupils per 1000: Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Secondary education > Pupils > Per capita: Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment: Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
  • Intake ratio to last grade of primary > Females: Number of female entrants in the last grade of primary education (regardless of age) expressed as a percentage of the female population at entrance age to the last grade.
  • Literacy rate > Adult male > % of males ages 15 and above: Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can, with understanding, read and write a short, simple statement on their everyday life.
  • Public spending on education, total > % of GDP: Public spending on education, total (% of GDP). Public expenditure on education as % of GDP is the total public expenditure (current and capital) on education expressed as a percentage of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in a given year. Public expenditure on education includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration, and transfers/subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities).
  • School enrollment > Primary > Female > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
  • Primary education > Teachers > % female: Female teachers as a percentage of total primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
  • Secondary education > Pupils > % female: Female pupils as a percentage of total pupils at secondary level includes enrollments in public and private schools.
  • Literacy rate > Adult total > % of people ages 15 and above: Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can, with understanding, read and write a short, simple statement on their everyday life.
  • Trained teachers in primary education > % of total teachers: Trained teachers in primary education are the percentage of primary school teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching in their country.
  • Primary completion rate > Total > % of relevant age group: Primary completion rate is the percentage of students completing the last year of primary school. It is calculated by taking the total number of students in the last grade of primary school, minus the number of repeaters in that grade, divided by the total number of children of official graduation age.
  • Persistence to grade 5 > Male > % of cohort: Persistence to grade 5 (percentage of cohort reaching grade 5) is the share of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach grade 5. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.
  • Literacy > Ratio of young literate females to males > % ages 15-24: Ratio of young literate females to males (% ages 15-24). Gender parity index for youth literacy rate is the ratio of female youth literacy rate to male youth literacy rate. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.
  • Literacy > Literacy rate, adult total > % of people ages 15 and above: Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above). Adult (15+) literacy rate (%). Total is the percentage of the population age 15 and above who can, with understanding, read and write a short, simple statement on their everyday life. Generally, u2018literacyu2019 also encompasses u2018numeracyu2019, the ability to make simple arithmetic calculations. This indicator is calculated by dividing the number of literates aged 15 years and over by the corresponding age group population and multiplying the result by 100.
  • Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education > %: Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education (%). Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary and secondary levels in public and private schools.
  • School enrollment, preprimary, female > % gross: School enrollment, preprimary, female (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Pre-primary. Female is the total female enrollment in pre-primary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total female population of official pre-primary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
  • School enrollment, preprimary, male > % gross: School enrollment, preprimary, male (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Pre-primary. Male is the total male enrollment in pre-primary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total male population of official pre-primary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
  • Secondary education, pupils > % female: Secondary education, pupils (% female). Percentage of female students. Total secondary. All programmes is the number of female students enrolled in all secondary education programmes expressed as a percentage of the total number of students (male and female) enrolled at the secondary education level in a given school year.
  • Secondary education, vocational pupils per 1000: Secondary education, vocational pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. Technical/vocational programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in technical/vocational programmes at public and private secondary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Secondary education, teachers, female per 1000: Secondary education, teachers, female. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Female is the total number of female teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Literacy rate > Youth male > % of males ages 15-24: Youth literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15-24 who can, with understanding, read and write a short, simple statement on their everyday life.
  • Literacy rate > Adult female > % of females ages 15 and above: Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can, with understanding, read and write a short, simple statement on their everyday life.
  • Adjusted savings: education expenditure > % of GNI: Adjusted savings: education expenditure (% of GNI). Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment.
  • Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment > %: Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment (%). Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment is the percentage of men to women enrolled at tertiary level in public and private schools.
  • Persistence to last grade of primary, total > % of cohort: Persistence to last grade of primary, total (% of cohort). Survival rate to last grade of primary. Total is the share of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach the last grade of primary. The estimate is calculated on the basis of the reconstructed cohort method, which uses data on enrolment and repeaters for two consecutive years.
  • School enrollment, primary, female > % net: School enrollment, primary, female (% net). Net enrolment rate. Primary. Female is the ratio of female children of the official primary school age who are enrolled in primary school to the female population of the official primary school age.
  • Persistence to grade 5, total > % of cohort: Persistence to grade 5, total (% of cohort). Survival rate to grade 5. Total is the share of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach grade 5. The estimate is calculated on the basis of the reconstructed cohort method, which uses data on enrolment and repeaters for two consecutive years.
  • Persistence to last grade of primary, male > % of cohort: Persistence to last grade of primary, male (% of cohort). Survival rate to last grade of primary. Male is the share of male children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach the last grade of primary. The estimate is calculated on the basis of the reconstructed cohort method, which uses data on enrolment and repeaters for two consecutive years.
  • School enrollment, secondary, female > % gross: School enrollment, secondary, female (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Secondary. All programmes. Female is the total female enrollment in secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the female population of official secondary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
  • School enrollment, secondary, male > % net: School enrollment, secondary, male (% net). Net enrolment rate. Secondary. All programmes. Male is the ratio of male children of the official secondary school age who are enrolled in secondary school to the male population of the official secondary school age.
  • Repeaters, secondary, female > % of female enrollment: Repeaters, secondary, female (% of female enrollment). Percentage of repeaters in secondary. All grades. Female is the number of female students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all female students enrolled in secondary school. It is calculated by dividing the sum of female repeaters in all grades of secondary education by the total female enrolment of secondary education and multiplying the result by 100.
  • Secondary education, teachers, female: Secondary education, teachers, female. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Female is the total number of female teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
  • School enrollment, tertiary, male > % gross: School enrollment, tertiary, male (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Tertiary (ISCED 5 and 6). Male is the total male enrollment in tertiary education (ISCED 5 and 6), regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total male population of the five-year age group following on from secondary school leaving.
STAT Iran Iraq HISTORY
Average IQ 84
Ranked 35th.
87
Ranked 29th. 4% more than Iran
Children out of school, primary 3,468
Ranked 54th.
373,276
Ranked 20th. 108 times more than Iran

Children out of school, primary per 1000 0.0454
Ranked 64th.
12.99
Ranked 32nd. 286 times more than Iran

Children out of school, primary, female 112,387
Ranked 26th.
307,444
Ranked 13th. 3 times more than Iran

Children out of school, primary, female per 1000 1.6
Ranked 76th.
10.7
Ranked 26th. 7 times more than Iran

College and university > Gender parity index 1.01
Ranked 57th. 69% more than Iraq
0.599
Ranked 107th.

Compulsary education duration 8
Ranked 82nd. 33% more than Iraq
6
Ranked 163th.

Government spending on education > Proportion of GDP 3.71%
Ranked 8th.
5.11%
Ranked 18th. 38% more than Iran

Literacy > Female 73%
Ranked 108th. 3 times more than Iraq
24.4%
Ranked 154th.

Literacy > Total population 79.4%
Ranked 110th. 97% more than Iraq
40.4%
Ranked 156th.

Primary education, duration > Years 5
Ranked 152nd.
6
Ranked 40th. 20% more than Iran

Primary education, teachers per 1000 3.78
Ranked 93th.
9.98
Ranked 3rd. 3 times more than Iran

Pupil-teacher ratio, primary 20.49
Ranked 69th. 21% more than Iraq
16.96
Ranked 96th.

Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary 31.31
Ranked 4th. 2 times more than Iraq
13.73
Ranked 72nd.

Secondary education, duration > Years 7
Ranked 31st. 17% more than Iraq
6
Ranked 91st.

Child care (preschool) > Duration 1
Ranked 194th.
2
Ranked 141st. Twice as much as Iran

Secondary education > Teachers > Per capita 6 per 1,000 people
Ranked 23th. 68% more than Iraq
3.58 per 1,000 people
Ranked 44th.

Secondary education, pupils 7.12 million
Ranked 2nd. 3 times more than Iraq
2.04 million
Ranked 41st.

College and university > Private school share 44.71%
Ranked 13th. 13% more than Iraq
39.51%
Ranked 18th.
Girls to boys ratio > Primary level enrolment 1.22
Ranked 1st. 47% more than Iraq
0.83
Ranked 137th.

School life expectancy > Total 11.3 years
Ranked 58th. 24% more than Iraq
9.1 years
Ranked 84th.
Literacy > Adult literacy 84.7%
Ranked 72nd. 14% more than Iraq
74.1%
Ranked 6th.
Primary education, pupils 5.75 million
Ranked 7th. 18% more than Iraq
4.86 million
Ranked 26th.

Primary education, teachers 277,991
Ranked 13th.
286,890
Ranked 16th. 3% more than Iran

Compulsary education starting age 6
Ranked 28th. The same as Iraq
6
Ranked 47th.

Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary per million 0.501
Ranked 40th. 5% more than Iraq
0.478
Ranked 95th.

Literacy > Definition age 15 and over can read and write age 15 and over can read and write
High school > Upper secondary school duration 4
Ranked 15th. 33% more than Iraq
3
Ranked 61st.

Literacy > Male 85.6%
Ranked 100th. 53% more than Iraq
55.9%
Ranked 147th.

High school > Private school share 11.95%
Ranked 36th.
0.0
Ranked 123th.

Pupil-teacher ratio > Primary 19.22
Ranked 68th.
20.53
Ranked 64th. 7% more than Iran

Child care (preschool) > Starting age 5
Ranked 7th. 25% more than Iraq
4
Ranked 25th.

Literacy rates > Aged 15-24 97.4%
Ranked 5th. 15% more than Iraq
84.8%
Ranked 22nd.

Tertiary > Students studying abroad 46,920.29
Ranked 13th. 4 times more than Iraq
12,705.22
Ranked 63th.

Primary completion rate 96
Ranked 46th. 30% more than Iraq
74
Ranked 94th.

Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level 1.71 million
Ranked 22nd. 5 times more than Iraq
317,993
Ranked 44th.

Elementary (primary school) > Duration 5
Ranked 161st.
6
Ranked 45th. 20% more than Iran

Secondary education, teachers per 1000 4.48
Ranked 34th.
5.16
Ranked 67th. 15% more than Iran

Secondary education, teachers 280,309
Ranked 9th. 89% more than Iraq
148,363
Ranked 28th.

Child care (preschool) > Students per teacher 26.91
Ranked 18th. 79% more than Iraq
15.06
Ranked 73th.

High school > Lower secondary school duration 3
Ranked 97th. The same as Iraq
3
Ranked 95th.

Children out of school, primary, male per 1000 0.849
Ranked 87th.
2.29
Ranked 60th. 3 times more than Iran

Secondary education, general pupils 6.31 million
Ranked 3rd. 3 times more than Iraq
1.97 million
Ranked 38th.

Illiteracy rates by sex > Aged 15+ 20.9%
Ranked 52nd.
59.6%
Ranked 6th. 3 times more than Iran

High school > Gender parity index 0.959
Ranked 75th. 28% more than Iraq
0.748
Ranked 134th.

Scientific and technical journal articles 1,806
Ranked 36th. 86 times more than Iraq
21
Ranked 106th.

College and university > Teachers > Proportion of teachers female 24%
Ranked 60th.
35%
Ranked 3rd. 46% more than Iran
Tertiary > Students studying abroad proportion 1.14%
Ranked 108th.
1.31%
Ranked 113th. 15% more than Iran

Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level per 1000 25.31
Ranked 64th. 95% more than Iraq
12.97
Ranked 86th.

Elementary (primary school) > Starting age 6
Ranked 68th. The same as Iraq
6
Ranked 63th.

Children out of school, primary, male 59,578
Ranked 33th.
65,832
Ranked 31st. 10% more than Iran

High school > Students per teacher 31.31
Ranked 4th. 2 times more than Iraq
13.73
Ranked 74th.

Secondary education > General pupils 9.07 million
Ranked 3rd. 6 times more than Iraq
1.61 million
Ranked 19th.

Secondary school starting age > Years 11
Ranked 144th.
12
Ranked 50th. 9% more than Iran

Primary education > Teachers > Per capita 5.57 per 1,000 people
Ranked 32nd.
8.28 per 1,000 people
Ranked 7th. 49% more than Iran

Education enrolment by level > Primary level 7.03 million
Ranked 18th. 64% more than Iraq
4.28 million
Ranked 29th.

High school > Population with at least high school education > Women 62.1%
Ranked 68th. 3 times more than Iraq
22%
Ranked 123th.

Secondary education, pupils per 1000 93.14
Ranked 21st. 31% more than Iraq
70.89
Ranked 118th.

Primary education, pupils per 1000 75.2
Ranked 64th.
169.25
Ranked 27th. 2 times more than Iran

Girls to boys ratio > Tertiary level enrolment 1.09
Ranked 52nd. 85% more than Iraq
0.59
Ranked 81st.

Illiterate population by sex > Aged 15+ 10.12 million
Ranked 11th. 14% more than Iraq
8.84 million
Ranked 13th.

Girls to boys ratio > Secondary level enrolment 0.94
Ranked 98th. 42% more than Iraq
0.66
Ranked 131st.

Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level > Per capita 26.16 per 1,000 people
Ranked 62nd. 2 times more than Iraq
11.84 per 1,000 people
Ranked 79th.

Tertiary > Students studying abroad per thousand people 0.622
Ranked 134th. 56% more than Iraq
0.4
Ranked 151st.

Illiterate population by sex > Aged 15+ > Women 6.51 million
Ranked 11th. 18% more than Iraq
5.53 million
Ranked 13th.

Percentage of pupils starting grade 1 reaching grade 5 87.8%
Ranked 50th. 25% more than Iraq
70.1%
Ranked 72nd.

Primary education > Duration > Years 5 years
Ranked 147th.
6 years
Ranked 41st. 20% more than Iran

Secondary education, general pupils per 1000 82.5
Ranked 28th. 21% more than Iraq
68.43
Ranked 86th.

Elementary (primary) school) > Private school share 7.52%
Ranked 49th.
0.0
Ranked 152nd.

High school > Lower secondary starting age 11
Ranked 147th.
12
Ranked 51st. 9% more than Iran

Illiteracy rates by sex > Aged 15+ > Women 27.4%
Ranked 51st.
75.5%
Ranked 4th. 3 times more than Iran

Education enrolment ratio > Net > Primary level 95%
Ranked 60th. 8% more than Iraq
88%
Ranked 97th.

Secondary education > Pupils 9.94 million
Ranked 2nd. 6 times more than Iraq
1.75 million
Ranked 18th.

Primary education > Pupils 7.31 million
Ranked 6th. 65% more than Iraq
4.43 million
Ranked 12th.

High school > Population with at least high school education > Men 69.1%
Ranked 63th. 62% more than Iraq
42.7%
Ranked 106th.

Education enrolment by level > Percentage girls > Tertiary level 50.74%
Ranked 76th. 49% more than Iraq
34.04%
Ranked 109th.

Education enrolment by level > Secondary level > Per capita 152.95 per 1,000 people
Ranked 3rd. 3 times more than Iraq
50.19 per 1,000 people
Ranked 115th.

Secondary education, vocational pupils 813,189
Ranked 2nd. 11 times more than Iraq
70,869
Ranked 61st.

Elementary (primary) school > Trained teachers > Both sexes 98.44%
Ranked 20th.
100%
Ranked 5th. 2% more than Iran

Elementary (primary) school > Students per teacher 20.49
Ranked 67th. 21% more than Iraq
16.96
Ranked 95th.

Secondary education > Teachers 409,196
Ranked 3rd. 4 times more than Iraq
93,219
Ranked 12th.

School life expectancy > Primary to tertiary 13 years
Ranked 8th. 30% more than Iraq
10 years
Ranked 26th.
Education enrolment by level > Secondary level 10.02 million
Ranked 9th. 7 times more than Iraq
1.48 million
Ranked 44th.

Scientific and technical journal articles per million 26.35
Ranked 58th. 29 times more than Iraq
0.909
Ranked 150th.

Women to men parity index > As ratio of literacy rates > Aged 15-24 0.99
Ranked 5th. 9% more than Iraq
0.91
Ranked 27th.

Illiterate population by sex > Aged 15+ per 1000 147.65
Ranked 44th.
340.65
Ranked 7th. 2 times more than Iran

Education enrolment by level > Percentage girls > Primary level 47.89%
Ranked 120th. 8% more than Iraq
44.47%
Ranked 155th.

Progression to secondary school 90.26%
Ranked 32nd. 29% more than Iraq
70.21%
Ranked 56th.

Literacy rates > Aged 15-24 > Women 96.7%
Ranked 5th. 20% more than Iraq
80.5%
Ranked 23th.

Education enrolment ratio > Net > Primary level > Women 100%
Ranked 1st. 23% more than Iraq
81%
Ranked 104th.

Child care (preschool) > Trained teachers > Both sexes 79.33%
Ranked 17th.
100%
Ranked 5th. 26% more than Iran

High school > Upper secondary starting age 14
Ranked 176th.
15
Ranked 79th. 7% more than Iran

School life expectancy > Male 12 years
Ranked 42nd. 17% more than Iraq
10.3 years
Ranked 70th.
Secondary education > General pupils > Per capita 132.84 per 1,000 people
Ranked 3rd. 2 times more than Iraq
61.8 per 1,000 people
Ranked 60th.

Education enrolment by level > Primary level > Per capita 0.107 per capita
Ranked 98th.
0.149 per capita
Ranked 47th. 39% more than Iran

Education enrolment by level > Primary level per 1000 103.78
Ranked 102nd.
169.61
Ranked 28th. 63% more than Iran

Illiteracy rates by sex > Aged 15+ > Men 14.5%
Ranked 58th.
44.1%
Ranked 10th. 3 times more than Iran

Education enrolment ratio > Net > Primary level > Men 91%
Ranked 78th.
94%
Ranked 61st. 3% more than Iran

Literacy rates > Aged 15-24 > Men 98.1%
Ranked 3rd. 10% more than Iraq
88.9%
Ranked 21st.

Elementary (primary school) > Teachers > Proportion of teachers female 57%
Ranked 9th.
69%
Ranked 4th. 21% more than Iran
Primary education > Teachers 380,199
Ranked 3rd. 76% more than Iraq
215,795
Ranked 5th.

Secondary education > Vocational pupils 875,814
Ranked 1st. 6 times more than Iraq
139,650
Ranked 15th.

Education enrolment by level > Percentage girls > Secondary level 47.23%
Ranked 121st. 17% more than Iraq
40.46%
Ranked 148th.

Secondary education > Pupils per 1000 141.72
Ranked 2nd. 2 times more than Iraq
63.96
Ranked 61st.

Primary education > Teachers per 1000 5.42
Ranked 31st.
7.88
Ranked 10th. 45% more than Iran

Literacy > Men above 14 years 88%
Ranked 6th. 5% more than Iraq
84.1%
Ranked 20th.
Primary school starting age > Years 6
Ranked 68th. The same as Iraq
6
Ranked 63th.

High school > Lower Secondary > Trained teachers > Women 100%
Ranked 1st. The same as Iraq
100%
Ranked 2nd.

Ratio of female to male primary enrollment 122.22
Ranked 1st. 48% more than Iraq
82.53
Ranked 94th.

Secondary education > Teachers per 1000 5.83
Ranked 26th. 71% more than Iraq
3.41
Ranked 45th.

Secondary education > General pupils per 1000 129.24
Ranked 4th. 2 times more than Iraq
58.86
Ranked 65th.

Elementary (primary) school > Gender parity index 0.988
Ranked 52nd. 17% more than Iraq
0.843
Ranked 157th.

Education enrolment by level > Secondary level per 1000 148.01
Ranked 7th. 3 times more than Iraq
58.55
Ranked 128th.

Primary completion rate > Women 100
Ranked 29th. 59% more than Iraq
63
Ranked 92nd.

School life expectancy > Female 10.5 years
Ranked 63th. 36% more than Iraq
7.7 years
Ranked 78th.
Percentage of pupils starting grade 1 reaching grade 5 > Men 88.1%
Ranked 49th. 13% more than Iraq
78.3%
Ranked 52nd.

Literacy > Women above 14 years 76.8%
Ranked 6th. 20% more than Iraq
64.2%
Ranked 23th.
Gender ratio > Literacy rate of 15-24 year-olds 0.99%
Ranked 5th. 9% more than Iraq
0.91%
Ranked 26th.
Teachers' Day date 5/2/2011 3/1/2011
Illiterate population by sex > Aged 15+ > Women per 1000 94.98
Ranked 47th.
213.19
Ranked 7th. 2 times more than Iran

Illiterate population by sex > Aged 15+ > Per capita 152.44 per 1,000 people
Ranked 43th.
358.27 per 1,000 people
Ranked 5th. 2 times more than Iran

Primary completion rate > Men 91
Ranked 59th. 7% more than Iraq
85
Ranked 72nd.

Primary education > Pupils per 1000 104.16
Ranked 71st.
161.82
Ranked 31st. 55% more than Iran

Secondary education > Pupils > Per capita 145.67 per 1,000 people
Ranked 2nd. 2 times more than Iraq
67.16 per 1,000 people
Ranked 57th.

Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment 93.96
Ranked 60th. 42% more than Iraq
66.22
Ranked 88th.

Intake ratio to last grade of primary > Females None
None

Literacy rate > Adult male > % of males ages 15 and above 83.5%
Ranked 71st.
84.09%
Ranked 69th. 1% more than Iran

Public spending on education, total > % of GDP 3.71%
Ranked 8th.
5.11%
Ranked 18th. 38% more than Iran

School enrollment > Primary > Female > % gross 122.11% gross
Ranked 9th. 37% more than Iraq
88.89% gross
Ranked 83th.

Primary education > Teachers > % female 61.23% female
Ranked 53th.
72.16% female
Ranked 40th. 18% more than Iran

Secondary education > Pupils > % female 47.16% female
Ranked 58th. 21% more than Iraq
38.93% female
Ranked 83th.

Literacy rate > Adult total > % of people ages 15 and above 77%
Ranked 74th. 4% more than Iraq
74.05%
Ranked 77th.

Illiterate population by sex > Aged 15+ > Men 3.58 million
Ranked 11th. 8% more than Iraq
3.31 million
Ranked 13th.

Trained teachers in primary education > % of total teachers 100%
Ranked 5th. The same as Iraq
100%
Ranked 1st.

Primary completion rate > Total > % of relevant age group 95.72%
Ranked 31st. 29% more than Iraq
74.31%
Ranked 65th.

Persistence to grade 5 > Male > % of cohort 88.07%
Ranked 35th. 1% more than Iraq
87.45%
Ranked 18th.

School life expectancy > Primary to tertiary > Female 13 years
Ranked 10th. 63% more than Iraq
8 years
Ranked 29th.
Literacy > Ratio of young literate females to males > % ages 15-24 99.72%
Ranked 18th. 4% more than Iraq
95.77%
Ranked 64th.

Literacy > Literacy rate, adult total > % of people ages 15 and above 85.02%
Ranked 19th. 8% more than Iraq
78.48%
Ranked 62nd.

Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education > % 95.85%
Ranked 39th. 18% more than Iraq
81.39%
Ranked 133th.

School enrollment, preprimary, female > % gross 35.6%
Ranked 37th. 5 times more than Iraq
6.53%
Ranked 133th.

School enrollment, preprimary, male > % gross 34.66%
Ranked 38th. 5 times more than Iraq
6.51%
Ranked 133th.

Secondary education, pupils > % female 47.55%
Ranked 46th. 15% more than Iraq
41.45%
Ranked 143th.

Secondary education, vocational pupils per 1000 10.64
Ranked 18th. 4 times more than Iraq
2.47
Ranked 98th.

Secondary education, teachers, female per 1000 1.98
Ranked 33th.
2.82
Ranked 59th. 42% more than Iran

Literacy rate > Youth male > % of males ages 15-24 91.73%
Ranked 63th. 3% more than Iraq
88.91%
Ranked 72nd.

Literacy rate > Adult female > % of females ages 15 and above 70.4%
Ranked 74th. 10% more than Iraq
64.17%
Ranked 79th.

Adjusted savings: education expenditure > % of GNI 4.11%
Ranked 89th.
4.63%
Ranked 48th. 13% more than Iran

Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment > % 100.14%
Ranked 32nd. 67% more than Iraq
59.81%
Ranked 103th.

Persistence to last grade of primary, total > % of cohort 96.18%
Ranked 17th. 94% more than Iraq
49.5%
Ranked 93th.

School enrollment, primary, female > % net 96.24%
Ranked 30th. 12% more than Iraq
86.02%
Ranked 86th.

Persistence to grade 5, total > % of cohort 96.18%
Ranked 11th. 47% more than Iraq
65.56%
Ranked 68th.

Persistence to last grade of primary, male > % of cohort 95.82%
Ranked 15th. 86% more than Iraq
51.45%
Ranked 81st.

School enrollment, secondary, female > % gross 83.44%
Ranked 29th. 84% more than Iraq
45.29%
Ranked 123th.

School enrollment, secondary, male > % net 81.28%
Ranked 46th. 65% more than Iraq
49.12%
Ranked 76th.

Repeaters, secondary, female > % of female enrollment 2.87%
Ranked 44th.
14.09%
Ranked 9th. 5 times more than Iran

Secondary education, teachers, female 123,926
Ranked 7th. 53% more than Iraq
81,142
Ranked 24th.

School enrollment, tertiary, male > % gross 55.13%
Ranked 4th. 3 times more than Iraq
19.86%
Ranked 73th.

SOURCES: Lynn, R. and Vanhanen, T. (2002). IQ and the Wealth of Nations. Westport, CT: Praeger. ISBN 0-275-97510-X; UNESCO Institute for Statistics; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; World Development Indicators database; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; Source: UNESCO UIS Data | UNESCO Institute for Statistics; World Health Organization. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; Source: UNESCO UIS Data | UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; United Nations Development Programme. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008; World Development Indicators database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=GenderStat&f=inID%3a49, Adult literacy rate; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Various sources compiled into Wikipedia's Teachers' Day; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=GenderStat&f=inID%3a91, Gross intake ratio to last grade of primary; United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.; World Bank staff estimates

Citation

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