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Environment Stats: compare key data on Madagascar & United States

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Definitions

  • Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$: Adjusted net national income (constant 2000 US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion.
  • Biodiversity > Mammal species, threatened: Mammal species, threatened. Mammal species are mammals excluding whales and porpoises. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known.
  • CFC > Consumption: CFC consumption
    Units: Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) Tons (Metric Tons x ODP)
    Units: The indicator was obtained by multiplying the Total CFCs emissions (metric tons per ozone depletion potential) with the Per capita CFCs emissions (obtained by dividing the total CFCs emissions by the population in 1997). In calculating the ESI, the base-10 logarithm of this variable was used.
  • CO2 Emissions per 1000: CO2: Total Emissions (excluding land-use) Units: thousand metric tonnes of carbon dioxide. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • CO2 emissions > Kt: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
  • Current issues: This entry lists the most pressing and important environmental problems. The following terms and abbreviations are used throughout the entry:
  • Ecological footprint: Ecological footprint per capita
    Units: Hectares per Person
  • Endangered species > Mammal species > Number: Mammal species are mammals excluding whales and porpoises. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known."
  • Forest area > Sq. km > Per capita: Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Marine fish catch: Total marine fish catch
    Units: Metric Tons
  • Marine fish catch per 1000: Total marine fish catch
    Units: Metric Tons. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Proportion of land area under protection: Terrestrial areas protected to total surface area, percentage.
  • Waste > Local garbage collected: Municipal waste collected.
  • Water > Severe water stress: Percent of country's territory under severe water stress
    Units: Percent of Land Area
    Units: This data is derived from the WaterGap 2.1 gridded hydrological model developed by the Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, Germany. The modellers derived, for each country, grid cell by grid cell estimates of whether the water consumption exceeds 40 percent of the water available in that particular grid cell. These were then converted to land area equivalents in order to calculate the percentage of the territory under severe water stress.
  • Water pollution > Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day: Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants."
  • Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Urban and rural: Proportion of the population using improved drinking water sources, total.
  • National parks > Number of parks: Number of parks.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Emissions > CO2 emissions > Metric tons per capita: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring."
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions > Metric tons per capita: CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita). Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
  • Biodiversity > Bird species, threatened: Bird species, threatened. Birds are listed for countries included within their breeding or wintering ranges. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known.
  • Carbon efficiency: Carbon economic efficiency (CO2 emissions per dollar GDP)
    Units: Metric Tons/US Dollar GDP
  • CO2 emissions > Kt per 1000: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Endangered species > Bird species: Birds are listed for countries included within their breeding or wintering ranges. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known."
  • Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$ per capita: Adjusted net national income (constant 2000 US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • SO2 emissions per populated area: SO2 emissions per populated land area
    Units: 1000 Metric Tons/Sq. Km. of Populated Land Area
    Units: We obtained the total emissions for each country by summarizing emissions data, originally available as a grid map with 1 degree x 1 degree cells. Air pollution is generally greatest in densely populated areas. To take this into account, we used the Gridded Population of the World dataset available from CIESIN and calculated the total land area in each country inhabited with a population density of greater than 5 persons per sq. km. We then used this land area as a denominator for the emissions data.
  • Waste > Hazardous waste created: Annual generation of hazardous waste (as defined by the Basel Convention).
  • Waste > Local garbage collected per thousand people: Municipal waste collected. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
  • Biodiversity > Fish species, threatened: Fish species, threatened. Fish species are based on Froese, R. and Pauly, D. (eds). 2008. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kt: CO2 emissions (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
  • CO2 emissions > Kt > Per capita: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Endangered species > Fish species > Number: Fish species are based on Froese, R. and Pauly, D. (eds). 2008. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known."
  • Pollution > Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day: Organic water pollutant (BOD) emissions (kg per day). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Pollution > Climate change > Agrees climate change is caused by human activity: Percentage of population who responded yes when asked if they believed global warming was a result of human activities. In this survey, global warming refers to the current rise in earth's temperature and not climate change as a whole.
  • Water > Percent of water resources used: Proportion of total water resources used, percentage.
  • Endangered species > Higher plant species > Number: Higher plants are native vascular plant species. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known."
  • Pollution > Ozone depleting substance consumption: Consumption of all Ozone-Depleting Substances in ODP metric tons.
  • NOx emissions per populated area: NOx emissions per populated land area
    Units: 1000 Metric Tons/Sq. Km. of Populated Land Area
    Units: We obtained the total emissions for each country by summarizing emissions data, originally available as a grid map with 1 degree x 1 degree cells. Air pollution is generally greatest in densely populated areas. To take this into account, we used the Gridded Population of the World dataset available from CIESIN and calculated the total land area in each country inhabited with a population density of greater than 5 persons per sq. km. We then used this land area as a denominator for the emissions data.
  • Water > Dissolved oxygen concentration: Dissolved oxygen concentration
    Units: Milligrams/Liter
    Units: The country values represent averages of the station-level values for the three year time period 1994-96, exceptwhere data were only available for an earlier time period (1988-1993). The number of stations per country varies depending on country size; number of bodies of water; and level of participation in the GEMS monitoring system. The data from "The Wellbeing of Nations" included a smaller subset of stations representing outfalls of major watersheds. An analysis of a sample of countries with numerous stations found that the data for stations in the subset is broadly comparable to the data for all GEMS stations in those countries.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kt per 1000: CO2 emissions (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Forest area > Sq. km: Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 US$ of GDP: CO2 emissions (kg per 2000 US$ of GDP). Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
  • Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Urban and rural: Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities, total.
  • Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kt: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring."
  • Pollution > Ozone depleting substance consumption per million people: Consumption of all Ozone-Depleting Substances in ODP metric tons. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
  • Water > Availability: Water availability per capita (1961-1990 (avg.))
    Units: Thousands Cubic Meters/Person
    Units: This variable measures internal renewable water (average annual surface runoff and groundwater recharge generated from endogenous precipitation)
  • Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Rural: Proportion of the population using improved drinking water sources, rural.
  • Biodiversity > Plant species > Higher, threatened: Plant species (higher), threatened. Higher plants are native vascular plant species. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known.
  • Threatened species: Number of Threatened Species (1990-99)
  • Adjusted net national income > Current US$ per capita: Adjusted net national income (current US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Waste > Population served by local garbage collection: Total population served by municipal waste collection.
  • Biodiversity > Number: GEF benefits index for biodiversity is a composite index of relative biodiversity potential for each country based on the species represented in each country, their threat status, and the diversity of habitat types in each country. The index has been normalized so that values run from 0 (no biodiversity potential) to 100 (maximum biodiversity potential)."
  • Adjusted net national income > Current US$: Adjusted net national income (current US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion.
  • Pollution > Climate change > Climate change awareness: Percentage of each country's population who claimed knowing "something" or a "great deal" about climate change when asked: "How much do you know about global warming or climate change?"
  • CFC > Consumption per 1000: CFC consumption
    Units: Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) Tons (Metric Tons x ODP)
    Units: The indicator was obtained by multiplying the Total CFCs emissions (metric tons per ozone depletion potential) with the Per capita CFCs emissions (obtained by dividing the total CFCs emissions by the population in 1997). In calculating the ESI, the base-10 logarithm of this variable was used. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Waste > Hazardous waste created per thousand people: Annual generation of hazardous waste (as defined by the Basel Convention). Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
  • Protected area: Environmentally protected area (1997)
  • Biodiversity > GEF benefits index for biodiversity > 0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum: GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum). GEF benefits index for biodiversity is a composite index of relative biodiversity potential for each country based on the species represented in each country, their threat status, and the diversity of habitat types in each country. The index has been normalized so that values run from 0 (no biodiversity potential) to 100 (maximum biodiversity potential).
  • Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 US$ of GDP: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring."
  • Freshwater > Renewable internal freshwater resources > Total > Billion cubic meters: Renewable internal freshwater resources flows refer to internal renewable resources (internal river flows and groundwater from rainfall) in the country.
  • Acidification: Percentage of country with acidification excedence
    Units: Percent of Land Area
    Units: From a map of acidification excedence, all areas at risk within each country were added together in order to calculate the percentage of the entire country at risk of excedence. See pages 21-22 of the 2001 ESI report for more details on how the acidification excedence map was produced.
  • Freshwater > Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita > Cubic meters: Renewable internal freshwater resources flows refer to internal renewable resources (internal river flows and groundwater from rainfall) in the country. Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita are calculated using the World Bank's population estimates.
  • Pollution > PM10, country level > Micrograms per cubic meter: PM10, country level (micrograms per cubic meter). Particulate matter concentrations refer to fine suspended particulates less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10) that are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing significant health damage. Data for countries and aggregates for regions and income groups are urban-population weighted PM10 levels in residential areas of cities with more than 100,000 residents. The estimates represent the average annual exposure level of the average urban resident to outdoor particulate matter. The state of a country's technology and pollution controls is an important determinant of particulate matter concentrations.
  • Wetlands of intl importance > Area: Wetlands of international importance 2002
  • Biodiversity and protected areas > Terrestrial protected areas > Number: Terrestrial protected areas are those officially documented by national authorities.
  • CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 PPP $ of GDP: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
  • Proportion of land and marine area under protection: Terrestrial and marine areas protected to total territorial area, percentage.
  • Endangered species protection: Percent of CITES reporting requirements met
    Units: Percent of Requirements Met
    Units: Countries that have not ratified the CITES convention are recorded as having zero percent of their requirements met.
  • Biodiversity > GEF benefits index for biodiversity > 0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum per million: GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum). GEF benefits index for biodiversity is a composite index of relative biodiversity potential for each country based on the species represented in each country, their threat status, and the diversity of habitat types in each country. The index has been normalized so that values run from 0 (no biodiversity potential) to 100 (maximum biodiversity potential). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Urban: Proportion of the population using improved drinking water sources, urban.
  • Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Rural: Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities, rural.
  • Pollution > Climate change > Perceived as threat: Percentage of country's population that perceives climate change as a threat. Results are from a 2008 Gallop Poll.
  • Wildness: Percent of land area having very low anthropogenic impact
    Units: Percent of Land Area
    Units: Global grids for population (GPW), land use (USGS AVHRR based classification from EROS data center), VMAP roads, VMAP railways, VMAP coastlines, VMAP major rivers and the stable lights data were all scored for "wildness". The scores were aggregated and normalized.
  • Biosphere > Reserves area: Biosphere reserves area 2002.
  • Forest area > Sq. km per 1000: Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Threatened species > Mammal: Number of threatened mammal species (1997)
  • World Heritage Sites (environmental): Natural sites.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Known mammal species: Known mammal species (1992-2002).
  • Pollution > Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day per worker: Organic water pollutant (BOD) emissions (kg per day per worker). Emissions per worker are total emissions of organic water pollutants divided by the number of industrial workers. Organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Total > Billion cubic meters: Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for agriculture and industry are total withdrawals for irrigation and livestock production and for direct industrial use (including withdrawals for cooling thermoelectric plants). Withdrawals for domestic uses include drinking water, municipal use or supply, and use for public services, commercial establishments, and homes. Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002."
  • Pollution > Carbon dioxide 1999: 1999 total CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel burning, cement production, and gas flaring. Emissions are expressed in thousand metric tons of carbon (not CO2).
  • Breeding birds threatened: Percentage of breeding birds threatened
    Units: Percent of Breeding Birds
    Units: The number of bird species threatened divided by known bird species in the country, expressed as a percentage.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > Kt: CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of natural gas as an energy source.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > Kt per 1000: CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of petroleum-derived fuels as an energy source. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > Kt: CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from solid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of coal as an energy source.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > Kt per 1000: CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from solid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of coal as an energy source. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > Kt per 1000: CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of natural gas as an energy source. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Biodiversity and protected areas > Marine protected areas > Number: Marine protected areas are areas of intertidal or subtidal terrain--and overlying water and associated flora and fauna and historical and cultural features--that have been reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclosed environment.
  • Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Urban: Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities, urban.
  • Urban SO2 concentration: Urban SO2 concentration
    Units: Micrograms/m3
    Units: The values were originally collected at the city level. Each nation varied in terms of the number of cities reported, so this data should be used with some caution. Within each country the values have been normalized by city population for the year 1995, then added together to obtain the total concentration for the given country.
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Consumption of fixed capital > Current US$: Consumption of fixed capital represents the replacement value of capital used up in the process of production.
  • Marine areas under protection: Protected marine areas under IUCN management categories I - VI (1992-2003)
  • Water > Proportion of marine area under protection: Marine areas protected to territorial waters, percentage.
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Including particulate emission damage > Current US$: Adjusted net savings are equal to net national savings plus education expenditure and minus energy depletion, mineral depletion, net forest depletion, and carbon dioxide and particulate emissions damage."
  • Pollution > Carbon dioxide 1999 per 1000: 1999 total CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel burning, cement production, and gas flaring. Emissions are expressed in thousand metric tons of carbon (not CO2). Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Freshwater > Withdrawal per million: . Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Emissions > PM10 > Country level > Micrograms per cubic meter: Particulate matter concentrations refer to fine suspended particulates less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10) that are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing significant health damage. Data for countries and aggregates for regions and income groups are urban-population weighted PM10 levels in residential areas of cities with more than 100,000 residents. The estimates represent the average annual exposure level of the average urban resident to outdoor particulate matter. The state of a country's technology and pollution controls is an important determinant of particulate matter concentrations."
  • Wetlands of intl importance > Area per million: Wetlands of international importance 2002. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Known mammal species per million: Known mammal species (1992-2002). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Areas under protection per million: Protected Areas under IUCN management categories I - VI (1992-2003). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Water > Salinisation: Electrical conductivity
    Units: Micro-Siemens/Centimeter
    Units: The country values represent averages of the station-level values for the three year time period 1994-96, except where data were only available for an earlier time period (1988-1993). The number of stations per country varies depending on country size; number of water bodies; and level of participation in the GEMS monitoring system.
  • Areas under protection: Protected Areas under IUCN management categories I - VI (1992-2003)
  • Marine areas under protection per million: Protected marine areas under IUCN management categories I - VI (1992-2003). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Biosphere > Reserves area per million: Biosphere reserves area 2002. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Fertiliser > Consumption: Fertilizer consumption per hectare of arable land
    Units: Hundreds Grams/Hectare of Arable Land
  • Urban NO2 concentration: Urban NO2 concentration
    Units: Micrograms/m3
    Units: The values were originally collected at the city level. Each nation varied in terms of the number of cities reported, so this data should be used with some caution. Within each country the values have been normalized by city population for the year 1995, then added together to obtain the total concentration for the given country.
  • Non-wildness: Percent of land area having very high anthropogenic impact
    Units: Percent of Land Area
    Units: Global grids for population (GPW), land use (USGS AVHRR based classification from EROS data center), VMAP roads, VMAP railways, VMAP coastlines, VMAP major rivers and the stable lights data were all scored for "wildness". The scores were aggregated and normalized.
  • Water pollution > Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day per worker: Emissions per worker are total emissions of organic water pollutants divided by the number of industrial workers. Organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants."
  • Water pollution > Food industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: food and beverages (31). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Water > Phosphorus concentration: Phosphorus concentration
    Units: Milligrams/Liter
    Units: The country values represent averages of the station-level values for the three year time period 1994-96, except where data were only available for an earlier time period (1988-1993). The number of stations per country varies depending on country size; number of bodies of water; and level of participation in the GEMS monitoring system. The data from "The Wellbeing of Nations" included a smaller subset of stations representing outfalls of major watersheds. An analysis of a sample of countries with numerous stations found that the data for stations in the subset is broadly comparable to the data for all GEMS stations in those countries.
  • Forest area > % of land area: Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not.
  • Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Total > % of internal resources: Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for agriculture and industry are total withdrawals for irrigation and livestock production and for direct industrial use (including withdrawals for cooling thermoelectric plants). Withdrawals for domestic uses include drinking water, municipal use or supply, and use for public services, commercial establishments, and homes. Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002."
  • Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day per worker: Emissions per worker are total emissions of organic water pollutants divided by the number of industrial workers. Organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Carbon dioxide damage > % of GNI: Carbon dioxide damage is estimated to be $20 per ton of carbon (the unit damage in 1995 U.S. dollars) times the number of tons of carbon emitted.
  • Water pollution > Water pollution > Metal industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: primary metals (ISIC division 37). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants."
  • Pollution > Water pollution, chemical industry > % of total BOD emissions: Water pollution, chemical industry (% of total BOD emissions). Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: chemicals (35). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net national savings > % of GNI: Net national savings are equal to gross national savings less the value of consumption of fixed capital.
  • Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per PPP $ of GDP: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring."
  • Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2005 PPP $ of GDP: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring."
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net national savings > Current US$: Net national savings are equal to gross national savings less the value of consumption of fixed capital.
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Excluding particulate emission damage > Current US$: Adjusted net savings are equal to net national savings plus education expenditure and minus energy depletion, mineral depletion, net forest depletion, and carbon dioxide. This series excludes particulate emissions damage."
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > Current US$: Particulate emissions damage is calculated as the willingness to pay to avoid mortality attributable to particulate emissions.
  • Pollution > Water pollution, metal industry > % of total BOD emissions: Water pollution, metal industry (% of total BOD emissions). Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: primary metals (ISIC division 37). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Gross savings > % of GNI: Gross savings are the difference between gross national income and public and private consumption, plus net current transfers."
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Including particulate emission damage > % of GNI: Adjusted net savings are equal to net national savings plus education expenditure and minus energy depletion, mineral depletion, net forest depletion, and carbon dioxide and particulate emissions damage."
  • Water pollution > Textile industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: textiles (32). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Adjusted savings > Carbon dioxide damage > % of GNI: Carbon dioxide damage is estimated to be $20 per ton of carbon (the unit damage in 1995 U.S. dollars) times the number of tons of carbon emitted.
  • Marine protected areas > % of territorial waters: Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters). Marine protected areas are areas of intertidal or subtidal terrain--and overlying water and associated flora and fauna and historical and cultural features--that have been reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclosed environment.
  • Water pollution > Paper and pulp industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: paper and pulp (34). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > % of GNI: Particulate emissions damage is calculated as the willingness to pay to avoid mortality attributable to particulate emissions.
  • Known breeding bird species: Known breeding bird mammal species (1992-2002).
  • Adjusted net national income > Current US$, % of GDP: Adjusted net national income (current US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
  • Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$, % of GDP: Adjusted net national income (constant 2000 US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Mineral depletion > Current US$: Mineral depletion is equal to the product of unit resource rents and the physical quantities of minerals extracted. It refers to bauxite, copper, iron, lead, nickel, phosphate, tin, zinc, gold, and silver."
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Mineral depletion > % of GNI: Mineral depletion is equal to the product of unit resource rents and the physical quantities of minerals extracted. It refers to bauxite, copper, iron, lead, nickel, phosphate, tin, zinc, gold, and silver."
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > % of GNI: Particulate emissions damage is calculated as the willingness to pay to avoid mortality attributable to particulate emissions.
  • Water pollution > Clay and glass industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: stone, ceramics, and glass (36). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Domestic > % of total freshwater withdrawal: Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for domestic uses include drinking water, municipal use or supply, and use for public services, commercial establishments, and homes. Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002."
  • Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Industry > % of total freshwater withdrawal: Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for industry are total withdrawals for direct industrial use (including withdrawals for cooling thermoelectric plants). Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002."
  • Water pollution > Water pollution > Paper and pulp industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: paper and pulp (34). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants."
  • Pollution > Water pollution, clay and glass industry > % of total BOD emissions: Water pollution, clay and glass industry (% of total BOD emissions). Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: stone, ceramics, and glass (36). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Agriculture > % of total freshwater withdrawal: Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for agriculture are total withdrawals for irrigation and livestock production. Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002."
  • Water pollution > Water pollution > Textile industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: textiles (32). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants."
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > % of total: CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption (% of total). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of petroleum-derived fuels as an energy source.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > % of total: CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption (% of total). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of natural gas as an energy source.
  • Pollution > Water pollution, textile industry > % of total BOD emissions: Water pollution, textile industry (% of total BOD emissions). Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: textiles (32). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > % of total: CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption (% of total). Carbon dioxide emissions from solid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of coal as an energy source.
  • Water > Drinking water > Population with improved sanitation > Rural: Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities, rural.
  • Water > Suspended solids: Suspended solids
    Units: Natural Log of Milligrams/Liter
    Units: The country values represent averages of the station-level values for the three year time period 1994-96, exceptwhere data were only available for an earlier time period (1988-1993). The number of stations per country varies depending on country size; number of bodies of water; and level of participation in the GEMS monitoring system. Data from "The Wellbeing of Nations" included a smaller subset of stations representing outfalls of majorwatersheds. An analysis of a sample of countries with numerous stations found that the data for stations in the subset is broadly comparable to the data for all GEMS stations in those countries. The data in this table was transformed using the natural logarithm.
  • Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change sign date: Signature.
  • Biodiversity and protected areas > Marine protected areas > % of total surface area: Marine protected areas are areas of intertidal or subtidal terrain--and overlying water and associated flora and fauna and historical and cultural features--that have been reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclosed environment.
  • Biodiversity and protected areas > Terrestrial protected areas > % of total surface area: Terrestrial protected areas are those officially documented by national authorities.
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net forest depletion > % of GNI: Net forest depletion is calculated as the product of unit resource rents and the excess of roundwood harvest over natural growth.
  • Water pollution > Water pollution > Chemical industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: chemicals (35). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants."
  • CO2 Emissions: CO2: Total Emissions (excluding land-use) Units: thousand metric tonnes of carbon dioxide
  • Water pollution > Water pollution > Wood industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: wood (33). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants."
  • Known breeding bird species per million: Known breeding bird mammal species (1992-2002). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Pollution > Water pollution, wood industry > % of total BOD emissions: Water pollution, wood industry (% of total BOD emissions). Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: wood (33). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > Kt: CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of petroleum-derived fuels as an energy source.
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net forest depletion > Current US$: Net forest depletion is calculated as the product of unit resource rents and the excess of roundwood harvest over natural growth.
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Excluding particulate emission damage > % of GNI: Adjusted net savings are equal to net national savings plus education expenditure and minus energy depletion, mineral depletion, net forest depletion, and carbon dioxide. This series excludes particulate emissions damage."
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Energy depletion > Current US$: Energy depletion is equal to the product of unit resource rents and the physical quantities of energy extracted. It covers crude oil, natural gas, and coal."
  • PM10 > Country level > Micrograms per cubic meter: Particulate matter concentrations refer to fine suspended particulates less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10) that are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing significant health damage. Data for countries and aggregates for regions and income groups are urban-population weighted PM10 levels in residential areas of cities with more than 100,000 residents. The estimates represent the average annual exposure level of the average urban resident to outdoor particulate matter. The state of a countryÂ’s technology and pollution controls is an important determinant of particulate matter concentrations.
  • Pollution > Water pollution, food industry > % of total BOD emissions: Water pollution, food industry (% of total BOD emissions). Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: food and beverages (31). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Pollution > Water pollution, other industry > % of total BOD emissions: Water pollution, other industry (% of total BOD emissions). Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: other (38 and 39). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Pollution > Water pollution, paper and pulp industry > % of total BOD emissions: Water pollution, paper and pulp industry (% of total BOD emissions). Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: paper and pulp (34). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Climate change > GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF > Mt of CO2 equivalent: GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (Mt of CO2 equivalent). GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF refers to changes in atmospheric levels of all greenhouse gases attributable to forest and land-use change activities, including but not limited to (1) emissions and removals of CO2 from decreases or increases in biomass stocks due to forest management, logging, fuelwood collection, etc.; (2) conversion of existing forests and natural grasslands to other land uses; (3) removal of CO2 from the abandonment of formerly managed lands (e.g. croplands and pastures); and (4) emissions and removals of CO2 in soil associated with land-use change and management. For Annex-I countries under the UNFCCC, these data are drawn from the annual GHG inventories submitted to the UNFCCC by each country; for non-Annex-I countries, data are drawn from the most recently submitted National Communication where available. Because of differences in reporting years and methodologies, these data are not generally considered comparable across countries. Data are in million metric tons.
  • Water pollution > Wood industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: wood (33). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Water pollution > Other industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: other (38 and 39). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • Total natural resources rents > % of GDP: Total natural resources rents (% of GDP). Total natural resources rents are the sum of oil rents, natural gas rents, coal rents (hard and soft), mineral rents, and forest rents.
  • Water pollution > Chemical industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: chemicals (35). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
  • International agreements > Signed but not ratified: The various international environmental agreements which a country has signed but not ratified. Agreements are listed in alphabetical order by the abbreviated form of the full name.
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Energy depletion > % of GNI: Energy depletion is equal to the product of unit resource rents and the physical quantities of energy extracted. It covers crude oil, natural gas, and coal."
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Consumption of fixed capital > % of GNI: Consumption of fixed capital represents the replacement value of capital used up in the process of production.
  • Climate change > GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF > Mt of CO2 equivalent per million: GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (Mt of CO2 equivalent). GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF refers to changes in atmospheric levels of all greenhouse gases attributable to forest and land-use change activities, including but not limited to (1) emissions and removals of CO2 from decreases or increases in biomass stocks due to forest management, logging, fuelwood collection, etc.; (2) conversion of existing forests and natural grasslands to other land uses; (3) removal of CO2 from the abandonment of formerly managed lands (e.g. croplands and pastures); and (4) emissions and removals of CO2 in soil associated with land-use change and management. For Annex-I countries under the UNFCCC, these data are drawn from the annual GHG inventories submitted to the UNFCCC by each country; for non-Annex-I countries, data are drawn from the most recently submitted National Communication where available. Because of differences in reporting years and methodologies, these data are not generally considered comparable across countries. Data are in million metric tons. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Water pollution > Water pollution > Other industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: other (38 and 39). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants."
STAT Madagascar United States HISTORY
Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$ $4.91 billion
Ranked 77th.
$11.13 trillion
Ranked 2nd. 2268 times more than Madagascar
Biodiversity > Mammal species, threatened 65
Ranked 7th. 81% more than United States
36
Ranked 21st.
CFC > Consumption 739.8
Ranked 65th.
23,385.2
Ranked 32nd. 32 times more than Madagascar
CO2 Emissions per 1000 0.143
Ranked 153th.
19.86
Ranked 4th. 139 times more than Madagascar
CO2 emissions > Kt 2,340.66 kt
Ranked 128th.
5.79 million kt
Ranked 1st. 2473 times more than Madagascar

Current issues soil erosion results from deforestation and overgrazing; desertification; surface water contaminated with raw sewage and other organic wastes; several endangered species of flora and fauna unique to the island air pollution resulting in acid rain in both the US and Canada; the US is the largest single emitter of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels; water pollution from runoff of pesticides and fertilizers; limited natural fresh water resources in much of the western part of the country require careful management; desertification
Ecological footprint 1.2
Ranked 44th.
12.22
Ranked 2nd. 10 times more than Madagascar
Endangered species > Mammal species > Number 62
Ranked 7th. 68% more than United States
37
Ranked 19th.
Forest area > Sq. km > Per capita 6.9 km² per 1,000 people
Ranked 63th.
10.22 km² per 1,000 people
Ranked 44th. 48% more than Madagascar

Marine fish catch 87,958 tons
Ranked 57th.
3.33 million tons
Ranked 7th. 38 times more than Madagascar
Marine fish catch per 1000 5.76 tons
Ranked 59th.
11.93 tons
Ranked 42nd. 2 times more than Madagascar
Proportion of land area under protection 4.99%
Ranked 166th.
13.82%
Ranked 111th. 3 times more than Madagascar

Waste > Local garbage collected 419,385.01 tonnes
Ranked 60th.
222.86 million tonnes
Ranked 1st. 531 times more than Madagascar

Water > Severe water stress 1.7
Ranked 78th.
31.3
Ranked 42nd. 18 times more than Madagascar
Water pollution > Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day 92,769.68
Ranked 9th.
1.89 million
Ranked 1st. 20 times more than Madagascar

Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Urban and rural 48.11
Ranked 190th.
98.76
Ranked 62nd. 2 times more than Madagascar

National parks > Number of parks 18
Ranked 4th.
59
Ranked 2nd. 3 times more than Madagascar
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Metric tons per capita 0.12
Ranked 174th.
19.34
Ranked 10th. 161 times more than Madagascar

Climate change > CO2 emissions > Metric tons per capita 0.0955
Ranked 186th.
17.56
Ranked 10th. 184 times more than Madagascar

Biodiversity > Bird species, threatened 35
Ranked 26th.
78
Ranked 9th. 2 times more than Madagascar
Carbon efficiency 0.3 CO2 emissions/$ GDP
Ranked 125th.
1.77 CO2 emissions/$ GDP
Ranked 42nd. 6 times more than Madagascar
CO2 emissions > Kt per 1000 0.136 kt
Ranked 173th.
19.95 kt
Ranked 9th. 147 times more than Madagascar

Endangered species > Bird species 35
Ranked 23th.
74
Ranked 7th. 2 times more than Madagascar

Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$ per capita $239.48
Ranked 96th.
$37,678.22
Ranked 6th. 157 times more than Madagascar
SO2 emissions per populated area 40 thousand metric tons/squ
Ranked 140th.
1,680 thousand metric tons/squ
Ranked 37th. 42 times more than Madagascar
Waste > Hazardous waste created 45,957 tonnes
Ranked 16th.
34.79 million tonnes
Ranked 2nd. 757 times more than Madagascar

Waste > Local garbage collected per thousand people 21.65 tonnes
Ranked 72nd.
754.15 tonnes
Ranked 5th. 35 times more than Madagascar

Biodiversity > Fish species, threatened 87
Ranked 12th.
236
Ranked 1st. 3 times more than Madagascar
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kt 2,013.18
Ranked 144th.
5.43 million
Ranked 2nd. 2699 times more than Madagascar

CO2 emissions > Kt > Per capita 0.133 kt per 1,000 people
Ranked 177th.
19.9 kt per 1,000 people
Ranked 11th. 150 times more than Madagascar

Endangered species > Fish species > Number 75
Ranked 7th.
164
Ranked 1st. 2 times more than Madagascar
Pollution > Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day 92,769.68
Ranked 28th.
1.85 million
Ranked 2nd. 20 times more than Madagascar

Pollution > Climate change > Agrees climate change is caused by human activity 67%
Ranked 31st. 37% more than United States
49%
Ranked 88th.
Water > Percent of water resources used 4.9%
Ranked 76th.
15.57%
Ranked 37th. 3 times more than Madagascar

Endangered species > Higher plant species > Number 281
Ranked 7th. 15% more than United States
244
Ranked 12th.

Pollution > Ozone depleting substance consumption 16.5
Ranked 72nd.
1,627.68
Ranked 4th. 99 times more than Madagascar

NOx emissions per populated area 0.11 thousand metric tons/squ
Ranked 121st.
1.29 thousand metric tons/squ
Ranked 13th. 12 times more than Madagascar
Water > Dissolved oxygen concentration 6.24 mls/litre
Ranked 110th.
9.26 mls/litre
Ranked 33th. 48% more than Madagascar
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kt per 1000 0.0955
Ranked 186th.
17.56
Ranked 10th. 184 times more than Madagascar

Forest area > Sq. km 128,380 km²
Ranked 42nd.
3.03 million km²
Ranked 4th. 24 times more than Madagascar

Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 US$ of GDP $0.35
Ranked 130th.
$0.40
Ranked 107th. 15% more than Madagascar

Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Urban and rural 13.65
Ranked 182nd.
99.59
Ranked 40th. 7 times more than Madagascar

Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kt 2,249.7
Ranked 132nd.
5.83 million
Ranked 2nd. 2592 times more than Madagascar

Pollution > Ozone depleting substance consumption per million people 0.761
Ranked 124th.
5.22
Ranked 48th. 7 times more than Madagascar

Water > Availability 22.55 thousand cubic metres
Ranked 24th. 3 times more than United States
7.09 thousand cubic metres
Ranked 47th.
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Rural 33.82
Ranked 186th.
94.03
Ranked 85th. 3 times more than Madagascar

Biodiversity > Plant species > Higher, threatened 369
Ranked 7th. 37% more than United States
270
Ranked 13th.
Threatened species 120
Ranked 12th.
854
Ranked 1st. 7 times more than Madagascar
Adjusted net national income > Current US$ per capita $401.95
Ranked 146th.
$41,448.39
Ranked 10th. 103 times more than Madagascar

Waste > Population served by local garbage collection 17.71%
Ranked 58th.
100%
Ranked 24th. 6 times more than Madagascar

Biodiversity > Number 29.22
Ranked 14th.
94.22
Ranked 2nd. 3 times more than Madagascar

Adjusted net national income > Current US$ $8.71 billion
Ranked 108th.
$12.91 trillion
Ranked 2nd. 1482 times more than Madagascar

Pollution > Climate change > Climate change awareness 49%
Ranked 94th.
97%
Ranked 3rd. 98% more than Madagascar
CFC > Consumption per 1000 0.0516
Ranked 71st.
0.0858
Ranked 64th. 66% more than Madagascar
Waste > Hazardous waste created per thousand people 2.37 tonnes
Ranked 20th.
117.72 tonnes
Ranked 5th. 50 times more than Madagascar

Protected area 1.9%
Ranked 116th.
13.4%
Ranked 26th. 7 times more than Madagascar
Biodiversity > GEF benefits index for biodiversity > 0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum 29.22
Ranked 14th.
94.22
Ranked 2nd. 3 times more than Madagascar

Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 US$ of GDP $0.46
Ranked 121st.
$0.51
Ranked 109th. 11% more than Madagascar

Freshwater > Renewable internal freshwater resources > Total > Billion cubic meters 337
Ranked 24th.
2,800
Ranked 6th. 8 times more than Madagascar

Acidification 0.0
Ranked 134th.
13.74%
Ranked 25th.
Freshwater > Withdrawal 14.96
Ranked 33th.
477
Ranked 3rd. 32 times more than Madagascar
Freshwater > Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita > Cubic meters 17,633.88
Ranked 39th. 92% more than United States
9,199.18
Ranked 55th.

Pollution > PM10, country level > Micrograms per cubic meter 27.97
Ranked 91st. 57% more than United States
17.78
Ranked 140th.

Wetlands of intl importance > Area 53 thousand hectares
Ranked 79th.
1,190 thousand hectares
Ranked 14th. 22 times more than Madagascar
Biodiversity and protected areas > Terrestrial protected areas > Number 53
Ranked 92nd.
6,770
Ranked 5th. 128 times more than Madagascar
CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 PPP $ of GDP 0.17 kg/PPP$
Ranked 130th.
0.56 kg/PPP$
Ranked 36th. 3 times more than Madagascar

Proportion of land and marine area under protection 4.72%
Ranked 152nd.
15.14%
Ranked 83th. 3 times more than Madagascar

Endangered species protection 87.5%
Ranked 41st. The same as United States
87.5%
Ranked 39th.
Biodiversity > GEF benefits index for biodiversity > 0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum per million 1.47
Ranked 49th. 5 times more than United States
0.31
Ranked 97th.

Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Urban 77.69
Ranked 191st.
99.77
Ranked 56th. 28% more than Madagascar

Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Rural 11.08%
Ranked 169th.
98.6%
Ranked 40th. 9 times more than Madagascar

Pollution > Climate change > Perceived as threat 46%
Ranked 69th.
63%
Ranked 30th. 37% more than Madagascar
Wildness 17.48%
Ranked 51st.
35.89%
Ranked 32nd. 2 times more than Madagascar
Biosphere > Reserves area 293 thousand hectares
Ranked 51st.
31,570 thousand hectares
Ranked 3rd. 108 times more than Madagascar
Forest area > Sq. km per 1000 7.02 km²
Ranked 62nd.
10.26 km²
Ranked 44th. 46% more than Madagascar

Threatened species > Mammal 46
Ranked 10th. 31% more than United States
35
Ranked 14th.
World Heritage Sites (environmental) 2
Ranked 26th.
12
Ranked 1st. 6 times more than Madagascar
Known mammal species 141
Ranked 63th.
428
Ranked 4th. 3 times more than Madagascar
Pollution > Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day per worker 0.135
Ranked 56th.
0.142
Ranked 52nd. 6% more than Madagascar

Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Total > Billion cubic meters 14.96
Ranked 35th.
479.29
Ranked 3rd. 32 times more than Madagascar
Pollution > Carbon dioxide 1999 518
Ranked 130th.
1.5 million
Ranked 1st. 2895 times more than Madagascar
Breeding birds threatened 13.37%
Ranked 7th. 61% more than United States
8.31%
Ranked 15th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > Kt 0.0
Ranked 192nd.
1.29 million
Ranked 1st.

Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > Kt per 1000 0.084
Ranked 183th.
6.97
Ranked 13th. 83 times more than Madagascar

Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > Kt 106.34
Ranked 101st.
1.95 million
Ranked 2nd. 18299 times more than Madagascar

Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > Kt per 1000 0.00504
Ranked 107th.
6.29
Ranked 8th. 1247 times more than Madagascar

Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > Kt per 1000 0.0
Ranked 192nd.
4.17
Ranked 16th.

Biodiversity and protected areas > Marine protected areas > Number 8
Ranked 75th.
787
Ranked 2nd. 98 times more than Madagascar
Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Urban 18.99
Ranked 189th.
99.8
Ranked 43th. 5 times more than Madagascar

Urban SO2 concentration 89.7 micrograms/m3
Ranked 34th. 6 times more than United States
15.43 micrograms/m3
Ranked 114th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Consumption of fixed capital > Current US$ $699.74 million
Ranked 113th.
$1.99 trillion
Ranked 1st. 2849 times more than Madagascar

Marine areas under protection 2
Ranked 80th.
229
Ranked 1st. 115 times more than Madagascar
Water > Proportion of marine area under protection 3.45%
Ranked 84th.
30.4%
Ranked 19th. 9 times more than Madagascar

Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Including particulate emission damage > Current US$ $657.46 million
Ranked 73th.
$132.56 billion
Ranked 8th. 202 times more than Madagascar

Pollution > Carbon dioxide 1999 per 1000 0.0339
Ranked 165th.
5.38
Ranked 8th. 158 times more than Madagascar
Freshwater > Withdrawal per million 0.95
Ranked 22nd.
1.69
Ranked 9th. 78% more than Madagascar
Emissions > PM10 > Country level > Micrograms per cubic meter 33.84
Ranked 89th. 59% more than United States
21.34
Ranked 131st.

Wetlands of intl importance > Area per million 3.17 thousand hectares
Ranked 79th.
4.14 thousand hectares
Ranked 76th. 31% more than Madagascar
Known mammal species per million 8.42
Ranked 90th. 6 times more than United States
1.49
Ranked 135th.
Areas under protection per million 3.6
Ranked 72nd.
12
Ranked 40th. 3 times more than Madagascar
Water > Salinisation 436.49
Ranked 89th. 16% more than United States
375.65
Ranked 98th.
Areas under protection 62
Ranked 63th.
3,481
Ranked 7th. 56 times more than Madagascar
Marine areas under protection per million 0.116
Ranked 82nd.
0.789
Ranked 36th. 7 times more than Madagascar
Biosphere > Reserves area per million 17.51 thousand hectares
Ranked 50th.
109.76 thousand hectares
Ranked 25th. 6 times more than Madagascar
Fertiliser > Consumption 33.83 hundred grams/hectare
Ranked 126th.
1,117.48 hundred grams/hectare
Ranked 48th. 33 times more than Madagascar
Urban NO2 concentration 74.32 micrograms/m3
Ranked 13th. 23% more than United States
60.57 micrograms/m3
Ranked 45th.
Non-wildness 0.92%
Ranked 103th.
6.59%
Ranked 49th. 7 times more than Madagascar
Water pollution > Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day per worker 0.14
Ranked 26th. The same as United States
0.14
Ranked 47th.

Water pollution > Food industry > % of total BOD emissions 75.61%
Ranked 9th. 80% more than United States
42.06%
Ranked 31st.

Water > Phosphorus concentration 0.45 mls/litre
Ranked 43th. 6 times more than United States
0.08 mls/litre
Ranked 127th.
Forest area > % of land area 22.08% of land area
Ranked 115th.
33.08% of land area
Ranked 83th. 50% more than Madagascar

Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Total > % of internal resources 4.44%
Ranked 87th.
17.12%
Ranked 61st. 4 times more than Madagascar
Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day per worker 0.27 kg per day per worker
Ranked 12th. 2 times more than United States
0.13 kg per day per worker
Ranked 47th.

Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Carbon dioxide damage > % of GNI 0.26%
Ranked 104th.
0.31%
Ranked 80th. 19% more than Madagascar

Water pollution > Water pollution > Metal industry > % of total BOD emissions 0.33%
Ranked 24th.
3.44%
Ranked 21st. 10 times more than Madagascar

Freshwater > Withdrawal > Industrial 2%
Ranked 98th.
46%
Ranked 6th. 23 times more than Madagascar
Pollution > Water pollution, chemical industry > % of total BOD emissions 12.38%
Ranked 16th.
13.05%
Ranked 12th. 5% more than Madagascar

Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net national savings > % of GNI 7.22%
Ranked 76th.
-1.36%
Ranked 115th.

Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per PPP $ of GDP $0.12
Ranked 152nd.
$0.42
Ranked 44th. 4 times more than Madagascar

Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2005 PPP $ of GDP $0.13
Ranked 151st.
$0.44
Ranked 44th. 3 times more than Madagascar

Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net national savings > Current US$ $679.49 million
Ranked 92nd.
$-194,522,724,898.49
Ranked 131st.

Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Excluding particulate emission damage > Current US$ $666.86 million
Ranked 73th.
$152.63 billion
Ranked 7th. 229 times more than Madagascar

Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > Current US$ $9.40 million
Ranked 107th.
$20.07 billion
Ranked 2nd. 2135 times more than Madagascar

Pollution > Water pollution, metal industry > % of total BOD emissions 0.333%
Ranked 58th.
3.45%
Ranked 28th. 10 times more than Madagascar

Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Gross savings > % of GNI 14.65%
Ranked 98th. 16% more than United States
12.6%
Ranked 108th.

Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Including particulate emission damage > % of GNI 6.99%
Ranked 68th. 8 times more than United States
0.93%
Ranked 90th.

Water pollution > Textile industry > % of total BOD emissions 12.41%
Ranked 58th. 2 times more than United States
5.42%
Ranked 40th.

Adjusted savings > Carbon dioxide damage > % of GNI 0.34% of GNI
Ranked 96th. The same as United States
0.34% of GNI
Ranked 93th.

Marine protected areas > % of territorial waters 0.119%
Ranked 129th.
2%
Ranked 95th. 17 times more than Madagascar

Water pollution > Paper and pulp industry > % of total BOD emissions 6.75%
Ranked 81st.
10.61%
Ranked 35th. 57% more than Madagascar

Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > % of GNI 0.23% of GNI
Ranked 107th.
0.35% of GNI
Ranked 85th. 52% more than Madagascar

Known breeding bird species 172
Ranked 101st.
508
Ranked 8th. 3 times more than Madagascar
Freshwater > Withdrawal > Domestic 3%
Ranked 112th.
13%
Ranked 68th. 4 times more than Madagascar
Adjusted net national income > Current US$, % of GDP 87.91%
Ranked 32nd. 2% more than United States
86.15%
Ranked 49th.

Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$, % of GDP 57.14%
Ranked 74th.
88.62%
Ranked 31st. 55% more than Madagascar
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Mineral depletion > Current US$ 0.0
Ranked 186th.
$16.10 billion
Ranked 7th.

Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Mineral depletion > % of GNI 0.0
Ranked 155th.
0.11%
Ranked 53th.

Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > % of GNI 0.1%
Ranked 101st.
0.14%
Ranked 86th. 40% more than Madagascar

Water pollution > Clay and glass industry > % of total BOD emissions 0.09%
Ranked 92nd.
0.21%
Ranked 31st. 2 times more than Madagascar

Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Domestic > % of total freshwater withdrawal 2.81%
Ranked 125th.
12.7%
Ranked 83th. 5 times more than Madagascar

Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Industry > % of total freshwater withdrawal 1.54%
Ranked 117th.
46.05%
Ranked 20th. 30 times more than Madagascar

Water pollution > Water pollution > Paper and pulp industry > % of total BOD emissions 1.57%
Ranked 28th.
8.33%
Ranked 14th. 5 times more than Madagascar

Pollution > Water pollution, clay and glass industry > % of total BOD emissions 2.83%
Ranked 57th.
3.86%
Ranked 46th. 36% more than Madagascar

Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Agriculture > % of total freshwater withdrawal 95.66%
Ranked 12th. 2 times more than United States
41.26%
Ranked 107th.

Water pollution > Water pollution > Textile industry > % of total BOD emissions 58.95%
Ranked 3rd. 13 times more than United States
4.65%
Ranked 42nd.

Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > % of total 87.98%
Ranked 66th. 2 times more than United States
39.68%
Ranked 152nd.

Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > % of total 0.0
Ranked 192nd.
23.72%
Ranked 58th.

Pollution > Water pollution, textile industry > % of total BOD emissions 58.95%
Ranked 4th. 14 times more than United States
4.29%
Ranked 53th.

Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > % of total 5.28%
Ranked 85th.
35.82%
Ranked 33th. 7 times more than Madagascar

Water > Drinking water > Population with improved sanitation > Rural 11.08
Ranked 169th.
98.6
Ranked 40th. 9 times more than Madagascar

Water > Suspended solids 6.13 mls/litre
Ranked 34th. 46% more than United States
4.19 mls/litre
Ranked 95th.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change sign date June 10, 1992 June 12, 1992
Biodiversity and protected areas > Marine protected areas > % of total surface area 0.1%
Ranked 120th.
67.57%
Ranked 3rd. 676 times more than Madagascar
Biodiversity and protected areas > Terrestrial protected areas > % of total surface area 3.09%
Ranked 152nd.
27.08%
Ranked 26th. 9 times more than Madagascar
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net forest depletion > % of GNI 2.51%
Ranked 12th.
0.0
Ranked 87th.

Water pollution > Water pollution > Chemical industry > % of total BOD emissions 12.38%
Ranked 6th.
13.13%
Ranked 15th. 6% more than Madagascar

CO2 Emissions 2,467.3
Ranked 118th.
5.76 million
Ranked 1st. 2335 times more than Madagascar
Water pollution > Water pollution > Wood industry > % of total BOD emissions 6.29%
Ranked 8th. 54% more than United States
4.09%
Ranked 21st.

Known breeding bird species per million 10.28
Ranked 100th. 6 times more than United States
1.77
Ranked 140th.
Pollution > Water pollution, wood industry > % of total BOD emissions 6.29%
Ranked 12th. 52% more than United States
4.13%
Ranked 27th.

Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > Kt 1,771.16
Ranked 135th.
2.16 million
Ranked 1st. 1217 times more than Madagascar

Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net forest depletion > Current US$ $236.52 million
Ranked 16th.
0.0
Ranked 95th.

Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Excluding particulate emission damage > % of GNI 7.09%
Ranked 70th. 7 times more than United States
1.07%
Ranked 91st.

Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Energy depletion > Current US$ 0.0
Ranked 187th.
$276.06 billion
Ranked 3rd.

PM10 > Country level > Micrograms per cubic meter 45.35 mcg/m³
Ranked 76th. Twice as much as United States
22.63 mcg/m³
Ranked 140th.

Pollution > Water pollution, food industry > % of total BOD emissions 7.64%
Ranked 60th.
12.02%
Ranked 51st. 57% more than Madagascar

Pollution > Water pollution, other industry > % of total BOD emissions 10%
Ranked 58th.
51.06%
Ranked 7th. 5 times more than Madagascar

Pollution > Water pollution, paper and pulp industry > % of total BOD emissions 1.57%
Ranked 63th.
8.14%
Ranked 11th. 5 times more than Madagascar

Climate change > GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF > Mt of CO2 equivalent -233.256
Ranked 56th.
-990.062
Ranked 41st. 4 times more than Madagascar

Water pollution > Wood industry > % of total BOD emissions 0.8%
Ranked 88th.
4.24%
Ranked 14th. 5 times more than Madagascar

Water pollution > Other industry > % of total BOD emissions 1.13%
Ranked 85th.
13.9%
Ranked 5th. 12 times more than Madagascar

Total natural resources rents > % of GDP 5.68%
Ranked 67th. 3 times more than United States
1.73%
Ranked 104th.

Water pollution > Chemical industry > % of total BOD emissions 3.21%
Ranked 87th.
13.95%
Ranked 9th. 4 times more than Madagascar

Freshwater > Withdrawal > Agricultural 96%
Ranked 14th. 2 times more than United States
41%
Ranked 108th.
International agreements > Signed but not ratified none of the selected agreements Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Hazardous Wastes
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Energy depletion > % of GNI 0.0
Ranked 157th.
1.93%
Ranked 52nd.

Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Consumption of fixed capital > % of GNI 7.43%
Ranked 143th.
13.96%
Ranked 18th. 88% more than Madagascar

Climate change > GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF > Mt of CO2 equivalent per million -14.815
Ranked 57th. 5 times more than United States
-3.227
Ranked 33th.

Water pollution > Water pollution > Other industry > % of total BOD emissions 10%
Ranked 26th.
50.59%
Ranked 7th. 5 times more than Madagascar

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