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Education Stats: compare key data on Australia & Macau

Definitions

  • Child care (preschool) > Duration: Number of years students study at the pre-primary (preschool) level. It should be noted that not all countries require pre-primary education.
  • Children out of school, primary: Children out of school, primary. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Total is the total number of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
  • Children out of school, primary per 1000: Children out of school, primary. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Total is the total number of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Children out of school, primary, female: Children out of school, primary, female. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Female is the total number of female primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
  • Children out of school, primary, female per 1000: Children out of school, primary, female. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Female is the total number of female primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • College and university > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index for college and university enrollment. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled.
  • College and university > Share of total education spending: Percentage of government education funding that goes to post-secondary education.
  • Compulsary education duration: Number of years students are required to be enrolled in school for all levels of education. For instance, compulsary education lasts for 12 years in the United States.
  • Government spending on education > Proportion of GDP: Percentage of public funding for education out of country's total GDP.
  • Literacy > Female: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
  • Literacy > Total population: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
  • Primary education, duration > Years: Primary education, duration (years). Duration of primary is the number of grades (years) in primary education.
  • Primary education, teachers per 1000: Primary education, teachers. Teaching staff in primary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Pupil-teacher ratio, primary: Pupil-teacher ratio, primary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Primary is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers.
  • Secondary education, duration > Years: Secondary education, duration (years). Duration of secondary education is the number of grades (years) in secondary education (ISCED 2 & 3).
  • Secondary education > Teachers > Per capita: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Duration of compulsory education: Duration of compulsory education is the number of grades (or years) that a child must legally be enrolled in school.
  • Secondary education, pupils: Secondary education, pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled at public and private secondary education institutions.
  • College and university > Private school share: Percentage of post-secondary students who attend a private school, college, or university.
  • Primary education, teachers: Primary education, teachers. Teaching staff in primary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
  • Primary education, pupils: Primary education, pupils. Enrolment in primary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in public and private primary education institutions.
  • Tertiary enrollment: Gross enrolment ratio, tertiary level is the sum of all tertiary level students enrolled at the start of the school year, expressed as a percentage of the mid-year population in the 5 year age group after the official secondary school leaving age.
  • Compulsary education starting age: Age at which children must be enrolled in school.
  • Literacy > Definition: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
  • High school > Upper secondary school duration: Number of years students study at the upper secondary (high school) level.
  • Literacy > Male: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
  • High school > Private school share: Percentage of secondary students who attend a private school.
  • Pupil-teacher ratio > Primary: Primary school pupil-teacher ratio is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers (regardless of their teaching assignment).
  • Child care (preschool) > Starting age: Average age at which students begin pre-primary (preschool) education.
  • Tertiary > Students studying abroad: Total number of post-secondary students who were studying abroad during given year.
  • Literacy > Reading performance > Overall: Overall.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Elementary (primary school) > Duration: Number of years students study at the primary level.
  • Children out of school > Primary: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school.
  • Secondary education, teachers: Secondary education, teachers. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
  • Secondary education, teachers per 1000: Secondary education, teachers. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • High school > Lower secondary school duration: Number of years students study at the lower secondary (middle school) level.
  • Children out of school, primary, male per 1000: Children out of school, primary, male. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Male is the total number of male primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Secondary education, general pupils: Secondary education, general pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. General programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in general programmes at public and private secondary education institutions.
  • High school > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index for secondary level enrollment. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled.
  • Literacy > Reading performance > Overall reading skills: Overall.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Literacy > Reading performance > Access and retrieve: Access and retrieve.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Tertiary > Students studying abroad proportion: The number of students from a given country studying abroad in a given year, expressed as a percentage of total tertiary enrollment in that country. Ratios greater than 100 % are possible, because those currently studying abroad do not count towards total enrollment.
  • Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Elementary (primary school) > Starting age: Average age at which students begin primary education.
  • Children out of school, primary, male: Children out of school, primary, male. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Male is the total number of male primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
  • Secondary education > General pupils: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training.
  • Secondary school starting age > Years: Secondary school starting age (years). Entrance age of 2A lower secondary is the age at which students would enter lower secondary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade.
  • Primary education > Teachers > Per capita: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Public spending per student > Primary level: Public expenditure per student, primary level is the total reported current spending by the government on primary education, divided by the total number of pupils in primary education, expressed as a percentage of per capita GDP.
  • Secondary education, pupils per 1000: Secondary education, pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled at public and private secondary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Primary education, pupils per 1000: Primary education, pupils. Enrolment in primary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in public and private primary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Tertiary > Students studying abroad per thousand people: Total number of post-secondary students who were studying abroad during given year. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
  • Children out of school > Primary per 1000: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Primary education > Duration > Years: Primary duration refers to the number of years of full-time equivalent duration in primary education in the school system according to ISCED.
  • Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$ per capita: Services, etc., value added (constant 2000 US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Secondary education, general pupils per 1000: Secondary education, general pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. General programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in general programmes at public and private secondary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Literacy > Reading performance > Integrate and interpret: Integrate and interpret.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • High school > Lower secondary starting age: Average age at which students begin lower secondary (middle school) education.
  • Elementary (primary) school) > Private school share: Percentage of primary students who attend a private school.
  • Duration of education > Secondary level: Duration of secondary education is the number of grades (or years) in general secondary education.
  • Public spending per student > Tertiary level: Public expenditure per student, tertiary level is the total reported current spending by the government on tertiary education, divided by the total number of pupils in tertiary education, expressed as a percentage of per capita GDP.
  • Secondary education > Pupils: Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
  • Primary education > Pupils: Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
  • Education enrolment by level > Secondary level > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Secondary education, vocational pupils: Secondary education, vocational pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. Technical/vocational programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in technical/vocational programmes at public and private secondary education institutions.
  • Spending on education > Proportion spent on all staff salaries: Percentage of public funding for education that goes to school staff salaries.
  • Elementary (primary) school > Students per teacher: Number of students per teacher for primary education.
  • Secondary education > Teachers: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
  • Literacy > Reading performance > Non-continuous texts: Non-continuous texts.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Literacy > Reading performance > Continuous texts: Continuous texts.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Duration of education > Primary level: Duration of primary education is the number of grades (or years) in primary education.
  • Public spending per student > Secondary level: Public expenditure per student, secondary level is the total reported current spending by the government on secondary education, divided by the total number of pupils in secondary education, expressed as a percentage of per capita GDP.
  • Progression to secondary school: Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year.
  • Children out of school > Primary > Per capita: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Literacy > Reading performance > Reflect and evaluate: Reflect and evaluate.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • High school > Upper secondary starting age: Average age at which students begin upper secondary (high school) education.
  • Secondary education > General pupils > Per capita: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Education enrolment by level > Primary level per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Education enrolment by level > Primary level > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
  • Pupils-teacher ratio > Primary level: Pupil-teacher ratio, primary level is the average number of pupils per teacher in primary education. Cross-country comparisons may be affected by such factors as the composition of teachers by part- and full-time employment.
  • Secondary education > Vocational pupils: Secondary vocational pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in technical and vocational education programs, including teacher training.
  • Primary education > Teachers: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
  • Private school enrolment > Primary level: Private sector enrolment share, primary level is the share of primary school pupils who attend a privately managed school, regardless of whether or not the school receives subsidies from the government.
  • Secondary education > Pupils per 1000: Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Primary education > Teachers per 1000: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Children out of school > Primary > Female > Per capita: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Female enrolment share > Primary level: Girls' enrolment share, primary level is the number of girls enrolled in primary school, expressed as a percentage of the total number of pupils in primary school.
  • Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$: Services, etc., value added (constant 2000 US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars.
  • Primary school starting age > Years: Primary school starting age (years). Entrance age of primary is the age at which students would enter primary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade.
  • High school > Share of total education spending: Percentage of government education funding that goes to secondary education.
  • Elementary (primary) school) > Proportion spent on all staff salaries: Percentage of public funding for primary education that goes to school staff salaries.
  • Enrolment ratio > Secondary level: Net enrolment ratio, secondary level, is the ratio of the number of children of official secondary school age enrolled in school to the number of children of official secondary school age in the population.
  • Secondary education > General pupils per 1000: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Secondary education > Teachers per 1000: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Ratio of female to male primary enrollment: Ratio of female to male primary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
  • Children out of school > Primary > Male: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school.
  • Elementary (primary) school > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index in primary, or elementary, school. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled. 
  • Female enrolment share > Secondary level: Girls' enrolment share, secondary level is the number of girls enrolled in secondary school, expressed as a percentage of the total number of pupils in secondary school.
  • Education enrolment by level > Secondary level per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Children out of school > Primary > Male > Per capita: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment: Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
  • Secondary education > Pupils > Per capita: Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Primary education > Pupils per 1000: Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • School enrollment > Secondary > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.
  • Literacy and Attainment > Educational attainment: completed tertiary > Tertiary > Population 25+ years > % > Over 24 year olds: Percentage of population older than 24 years that has completed tertiary education.
  • Primary education, teachers > % female: Primary education, teachers (% female). Percentage female teachers. Primary is the number of female teachers at the primary level expressed as a percentage of the total number of teachers (male and female) at the primary level in a given school year. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
  • Tertiary education, teachers > % female: Tertiary education, teachers (% female). Percentage female teachers. Tertiary is the number of female teachers at the tertiary level expressed as a percentage of the total number of teachers (male and female) at the tertiary level in a given school year. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
  • Public spending on education, total > % of government expenditure: Public spending on education, total (% of government expenditure). Public expenditure on education as % of total government expenditure is the total public education expenditure (current and capital) expressed as a percentage of total government expenditure for all sectors in a given financial year. Public education expenditure includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration, and subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities).
  • Unemployment with primary education, male > % of male unemployment: Unemployment with primary education, male (% of male unemployment). Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
  • Labor force with tertiary education, male > % of male labor force: Labor force with tertiary education, male (% of male labor force). Labor force with tertiary education is the proportion of labor force that has a tertiary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
  • Unemployment with tertiary education, female > % of female unemployment: Unemployment with tertiary education, female (% of female unemployment). Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
  • Unemployment with tertiary education, male > % of male unemployment: Unemployment with tertiary education, male (% of male unemployment). Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
  • School enrollment > Preprimary > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Preprimary education refers to the initial stage of organized instruction, designed primarily to introduce very young children to a school-type environment.
  • School enrollment > Primary > Female > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
  • Primary education > Teachers > % female: Female teachers as a percentage of total primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
  • Expenditure per student > Secondary > % of GDP per capita: Public expenditure per student is the public current spending on education divided by the total number of students by level, as a percentage of GDP per capita.
  • Gross intake rate in grade 1 > Male > % of relevant age group: Gross intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the official primary entrance age.
  • School enrollment, primary, private > % of total primary: School enrollment, primary, private (% of total primary). Percentage of private enrolment. Primary is the enrolment in private primary schools expressed as a percentage of total enrolment (public and private) in primary schools. 'Private' refers to all educational institutions not operated by a public authority, regardless of whether they receive financial support from public authorities. A high percentage indicates strong involvement of the non-governmental sector (including religious bodies, other organizations, associations, communities, private enterprises or persons) in providing organized educational programmes.
  • Primary education, pupils > % female: Primary education, pupils (% female). Percentage of female students. Primary is the number of female students at the primary level expressed as a percentage of the total number of students (male and female) at the primary level in a given school year.
  • School enrollment, primary, female > % gross: School enrollment, primary, female (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Primary. Female is the total female enrollment in primary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the female population of official primary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
  • Secondary education, general pupils > % female: Secondary education, general pupils (% female). Percentage of female students. Total secondary. General programmes is the number of female students enrolled in general programmes at the secondary education level expressed as a percentage of the total number of students (male and female) enrolled in general programmes at the secondary education level in a given school year.
  • Total enrollment, primary, male > % net: Total enrollment, primary, male (% net). Adjusted net enrollment is the number of pupils of the school-age group for primary education, enrolled either in primary or secondary education, expressed as a percentage of the total population in that age group.
  • Secondary education, vocational pupils per 1000: Secondary education, vocational pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. Technical/vocational programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in technical/vocational programmes at public and private secondary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Secondary education, teachers, female per 1000: Secondary education, teachers, female. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Female is the total number of female teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • School enrollment > Secondary > Female > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.
  • School enrollment, primary, male > % net: School enrollment, primary, male (% net). Net enrolment rate. Primary. Male is the ratio of male children of the official primary school age who are enrolled in primary school to the male population of the official primary school age.
  • School enrollment, secondary, female > % gross: School enrollment, secondary, female (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Secondary. All programmes. Female is the total female enrollment in secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the female population of official secondary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
  • School enrollment, secondary, male > % net: School enrollment, secondary, male (% net). Net enrolment rate. Secondary. All programmes. Male is the ratio of male children of the official secondary school age who are enrolled in secondary school to the male population of the official secondary school age.
  • Secondary education, teachers, female: Secondary education, teachers, female. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Female is the total number of female teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
  • School enrollment > Tertiary > Female > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Tertiary education, whether or not to an advanced research qualification, normally requires, as a minimum condition of admission, the successful completion of education at the secondary level.
  • School enrollment, primary, male > % gross: School enrollment, primary, male (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Primary. Male is the total male enrollment in primary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the male population of official primary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
STAT Australia Macau HISTORY
Child care (preschool) > Duration 1
Ranked 201st.
3
Ranked 67th. 3 times more than Australia

Children out of school, primary 68,417
Ranked 39th. 18 times more than Macau
3,887
Ranked 97th.

Children out of school, primary per 1000 3.06
Ranked 68th.
7.66
Ranked 48th. 2 times more than Australia

Children out of school, primary, female 29,573
Ranked 39th. 16 times more than Macau
1,891
Ranked 90th.

Children out of school, primary, female per 1000 1.32
Ranked 67th.
3.73
Ranked 47th. 3 times more than Australia

College and university > Gender parity index 1.35
Ranked 39th. 39% more than Macau
0.975
Ranked 60th.

College and university > Share of total education spending 22.28%
Ranked 42nd.
59.53%
Ranked 1st. 3 times more than Australia

Compulsary education duration 11
Ranked 41st. 10% more than Macau
10
Ranked 34th.

Government spending on education > Proportion of GDP 5.59%
Ranked 41st. 2 times more than Macau
2.68%
Ranked 53th.

Literacy > Female 99%
Ranked 24th. 8% more than Macau
92%
Ranked 65th.

Literacy > Total population 99%
Ranked 25th. 5% more than Macau
94.5%
Ranked 59th.

Primary education, duration > Years 7
Ranked 20th. 17% more than Macau
6
Ranked 68th.

Primary education, teachers per 1000 5.57
Ranked 46th. 93% more than Macau
2.88
Ranked 66th.

Pupil-teacher ratio, primary 17.88
Ranked 118th. 27% more than Macau
14.1
Ranked 65th.

Secondary education, duration > Years 6
Ranked 144th. The same as Macau
6
Ranked 112th.

Secondary education > Teachers > Per capita 6.42 per 1,000 people
Ranked 33th. 42% more than Macau
4.51 per 1,000 people
Ranked 37th.

Duration of compulsory education 11 years
Ranked 29th. 10% more than Macau
10 years
Ranked 45th.
Secondary education, pupils 2.33 million
Ranked 32nd. 65 times more than Macau
35,726
Ranked 63th.

College and university > Private school share 8.79%
Ranked 92nd.
62.97%
Ranked 18th. 7 times more than Australia

Girls to boys ratio > Primary level enrolment 0.99
Ranked 53th. 8% more than Macau
0.92
Ranked 118th.

Primary education, teachers 105,469
Ranked 36th. 66 times more than Macau
1,606
Ranked 68th.

Primary education, pupils 2.04 million
Ranked 48th. 90 times more than Macau
22,646
Ranked 80th.

Tertiary enrollment 63.3%
Ranked 6th. 21% more than Macau
52.1%
Ranked 20th.
Compulsary education starting age 5
Ranked 172nd. The same as Macau
5
Ranked 90th.

Literacy > Definition age 15 and over can read and write age 15 and over can read and write
High school > Upper secondary school duration 2
Ranked 188th.
3
Ranked 83th. 50% more than Australia

Literacy > Male 99%
Ranked 34th. 2% more than Macau
97.2%
Ranked 49th.

High school > Private school share 35.24%
Ranked 16th.
95.52%
Ranked 1st. 3 times more than Australia

Pupil-teacher ratio > Primary 17.88
Ranked 114th.
23.24
Ranked 56th. 30% more than Australia

Child care (preschool) > Starting age 4
Ranked 50th. 33% more than Macau
3
Ranked 126th.

Tertiary > Students studying abroad 10,829.8
Ranked 75th. 6 times more than Macau
1,787.5
Ranked 156th.

Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level 1.01 million
Ranked 23th. 39 times more than Macau
26,272
Ranked 99th.

Literacy > Reading performance > Overall 515
Ranked 7th. 6% more than Macau
487
Ranked 26th.
Elementary (primary school) > Duration 7
Ranked 24th. 17% more than Macau
6
Ranked 74th.

Children out of school > Primary 77,047
Ranked 37th. 24 times more than Macau
3,192
Ranked 55th.

Secondary education, teachers 104,110
Ranked 23th. 42 times more than Macau
2,480
Ranked 33th.

Secondary education, teachers per 1000 5.95
Ranked 28th. 34% more than Macau
4.45
Ranked 20th.

High school > Lower secondary school duration 4
Ranked 60th. 33% more than Macau
3
Ranked 121st.

Children out of school, primary, male per 1000 1.74
Ranked 61st.
3.93
Ranked 48th. 2 times more than Australia

Secondary education, general pupils 1.54 million
Ranked 35th. 45 times more than Macau
34,125
Ranked 76th.

High school > Gender parity index 0.951
Ranked 109th. 3% more than Macau
0.925
Ranked 76th.

Literacy > Reading performance > Overall reading skills 515
Ranked 7th. 6% more than Macau
487
Ranked 26th.
Literacy > Reading performance > Access and retrieve 513
Ranked 9th. 4% more than Macau
493
Ranked 22nd.
Tertiary > Students studying abroad proportion 0.818%
Ranked 118th.
5.86%
Ranked 53th. 7 times more than Australia

Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level per 1000 51.51
Ranked 9th.
59.15
Ranked 3rd. 15% more than Australia

Elementary (primary school) > Starting age 5
Ranked 205th.
6
Ranked 99th. 20% more than Australia

Education expenditure of government > As percentage of total government 13.3%
Ranked 56th.
14%
Ranked 43th. 5% more than Australia

Children out of school, primary, male 38,844
Ranked 37th. 19 times more than Macau
1,996
Ranked 88th.

Education expenditure of government > As percentage of GNI 4.9%
Ranked 52nd. 63% more than Macau
3%
Ranked 102nd.

Secondary education > General pupils 1.45 million
Ranked 40th. 33 times more than Macau
44,129
Ranked 78th.

Secondary school starting age > Years 12
Ranked 110th. The same as Macau
12
Ranked 76th.

Primary education > Teachers > Per capita 5.57 per 1,000 people
Ranked 40th. 59% more than Macau
3.5 per 1,000 people
Ranked 65th.

Education enrolment by level > Primary level 1.93 million
Ranked 57th. 46 times more than Macau
41,917
Ranked 149th.

Public spending per student > Primary level 15.9
Ranked 9th. 57% more than Macau
10.1
Ranked 23th.
Secondary education, pupils per 1000 104.3
Ranked 25th. 63% more than Macau
64.17
Ranked 51st.

Primary education, pupils per 1000 91.48
Ranked 85th. 2 times more than Macau
40.67
Ranked 83th.

Girls to boys ratio > Tertiary level enrolment 1.25
Ranked 37th. 71% more than Macau
0.73
Ranked 74th.

Girls to boys ratio > Secondary level enrolment 0.95
Ranked 97th.
1.04
Ranked 42nd. 9% more than Australia

Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level > Per capita 51.54 per 1,000 people
Ranked 9th.
58.22 per 1,000 people
Ranked 3rd. 13% more than Australia

Tertiary > Students studying abroad per thousand people 0.485
Ranked 144th.
3.27
Ranked 59th. 7 times more than Australia

Children out of school > Primary per 1000 3.83
Ranked 67th.
6.82
Ranked 47th. 78% more than Australia

Primary education > Duration > Years 7 years
Ranked 20th. 17% more than Macau
6 years
Ranked 67th.

Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$ per capita $24,308.11
Ranked 3rd. 54% more than Macau
$15,808.54
Ranked 27th.
Secondary education, general pupils per 1000 69.08
Ranked 73th. 13% more than Macau
61.29
Ranked 56th.

Literacy > Reading performance > Integrate and interpret 513
Ranked 7th. 5% more than Macau
488
Ranked 27th.
High school > Lower secondary starting age 12
Ranked 113th. The same as Macau
12
Ranked 77th.

Elementary (primary) school) > Private school share 31.08%
Ranked 27th.
97.39%
Ranked 1st. 3 times more than Australia

Education enrolment ratio > Net > Primary level 97%
Ranked 47th. 7% more than Macau
91%
Ranked 85th.

Duration of education > Secondary level 6
Ranked 122nd. The same as Macau
6
Ranked 91st.
Public spending per student > Tertiary level 24.9
Ranked 17th.
38
Ranked 14th. 53% more than Australia
Secondary education > Pupils 2.49 million
Ranked 29th. 54 times more than Macau
46,539
Ranked 74th.

Primary education > Pupils 1.93 million
Ranked 52nd. 52 times more than Macau
37,401
Ranked 89th.

Education enrolment by level > Percentage girls > Tertiary level 54%
Ranked 54th. 48% more than Macau
36.5%
Ranked 107th.

Education enrolment by level > Secondary level > Per capita 127.98 per 1,000 people
Ranked 14th. 30% more than Macau
98.45 per 1,000 people
Ranked 52nd.

Secondary education, vocational pupils 786,296
Ranked 13th. 491 times more than Macau
1,601
Ranked 53th.

Spending on education > Proportion spent on all staff salaries 73.47%
Ranked 41st. 10% more than Macau
66.6%
Ranked 29th.

Elementary (primary) school > Students per teacher 17.88
Ranked 123th. 27% more than Macau
14.1
Ranked 65th.

Secondary education > Teachers 111,000
Ranked 28th. 53 times more than Macau
2,077
Ranked 58th.

School life expectancy > Primary to tertiary 20 years
Ranked 1st. 33% more than Macau
15 years
Ranked 31st.
Education enrolment by level > Secondary level 2.51 million
Ranked 32nd. 57 times more than Macau
44,425
Ranked 134th.

Literacy > Reading performance > Non-continuous texts 524
Ranked 5th. 9% more than Macau
481
Ranked 27th.
Literacy > Reading performance > Continuous texts 513
Ranked 7th. 5% more than Macau
488
Ranked 27th.
Duration of education > Primary level 7
Ranked 19th. 17% more than Macau
6
Ranked 64th.
Public spending per student > Secondary level 13.9
Ranked 25th. 17% more than Macau
11.9
Ranked 26th.
Education enrolment by level > Percentage girls > Primary level 48.61%
Ranked 69th. 4% more than Macau
46.84%
Ranked 142nd.

Progression to secondary school 99.86%
Ranked 8th. 13% more than Macau
87.99%
Ranked 37th.

Children out of school > Primary > Per capita 3.83 per 1,000 people
Ranked 68th.
6.94 per 1,000 people
Ranked 47th. 81% more than Australia

Literacy > Reading performance > Reflect and evaluate 523
Ranked 6th. 9% more than Macau
481
Ranked 31st.
Education enrolment ratio > Net > Primary level > Women 97%
Ranked 43th. 9% more than Macau
89%
Ranked 91st.

High school > Upper secondary starting age 16
Ranked 48th. 7% more than Macau
15
Ranked 109th.

Secondary education > General pupils > Per capita 72.08 per 1,000 people
Ranked 75th.
95.9 per 1,000 people
Ranked 25th. 33% more than Australia

Education enrolment by level > Primary level per 1000 98.4
Ranked 106th. 4% more than Macau
94.38
Ranked 111th.

Education enrolment by level > Primary level > Per capita 0.098 per capita
Ranked 104th. 5% more than Macau
0.093 per capita
Ranked 112th.

Education enrolment ratio > Net > Primary level > Men 97%
Ranked 42nd. 4% more than Macau
93%
Ranked 68th.

Pupils-teacher ratio > Primary level 9.1
Ranked 10th.
28.4
Ranked 52nd. 3 times more than Australia
Secondary education > Vocational pupils 1.04 million
Ranked 11th. 433 times more than Macau
2,410
Ranked 67th.

Primary education > Teachers 105,469
Ranked 33th. 66 times more than Macau
1,609
Ranked 77th.

Education enrolment by level > Percentage girls > Secondary level 48.01%
Ranked 110th.
50.23%
Ranked 49th. 5% more than Australia

Private school enrolment > Primary level 27.2
Ranked 16th.
94.1
Ranked 1st. 3 times more than Australia
Secondary education > Pupils per 1000 123.82
Ranked 15th. 25% more than Macau
99.41
Ranked 25th.

Primary education > Teachers per 1000 5.57
Ranked 41st. 62% more than Macau
3.44
Ranked 67th.

Children out of school > Primary > Female > Per capita 1.75 per 1,000 people
Ranked 71st.
4.05 per 1,000 people
Ranked 41st. 2 times more than Australia

Female enrolment share > Primary level 48.6%
Ranked 61st. 3% more than Macau
47.3%
Ranked 117th.
Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$ $551.40 billion
Ranked 6th. 75 times more than Macau
$7.40 billion
Ranked 86th.
Primary school starting age > Years 5
Ranked 195th.
6
Ranked 100th. 20% more than Australia

High school > Share of total education spending 36.79%
Ranked 43th. 47% more than Macau
24.97%
Ranked 58th.

Elementary (primary) school) > Proportion spent on all staff salaries 76.85%
Ranked 61st.
88.83%
Ranked 17th. 16% more than Australia

Enrolment ratio > Secondary level 89.7%
Ranked 12th. 29% more than Macau
69.4%
Ranked 47th.
Secondary education > General pupils per 1000 71.95
Ranked 76th.
94.26
Ranked 29th. 31% more than Australia

Secondary education > Teachers per 1000 6.42
Ranked 34th. 45% more than Macau
4.44
Ranked 38th.

Ratio of female to male primary enrollment 99.56
Ranked 41st. 8% more than Macau
91.94
Ranked 79th.

Children out of school > Primary > Male 41,839
Ranked 36th. 31 times more than Macau
1,330
Ranked 53th.

Elementary (primary) school > Gender parity index 0.994
Ranked 62nd. 2% more than Macau
0.976
Ranked 97th.

Female enrolment share > Secondary level 48.9%
Ranked 76th.
50.2%
Ranked 45th. 3% more than Australia
Education enrolment by level > Secondary level per 1000 127.91
Ranked 15th. 28% more than Macau
100.02
Ranked 50th.

Children out of school > Primary > Male > Per capita 2.08 per 1,000 people
Ranked 65th.
2.89 per 1,000 people
Ranked 53th. 39% more than Australia

Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment 95.96
Ranked 106th.
103.69
Ranked 30th. 8% more than Australia

Secondary education > Pupils > Per capita 124.04 per 1,000 people
Ranked 14th. 23% more than Macau
101.14 per 1,000 people
Ranked 22nd.

Primary education > Pupils per 1000 96.12
Ranked 99th. 20% more than Macau
79.89
Ranked 90th.

School enrollment > Secondary > % gross 148.56% gross
Ranked 1st. 53% more than Macau
97.27% gross
Ranked 10th.

Literacy and Attainment > Educational attainment: completed tertiary > Tertiary > Population 25+ years > % > Over 24 year olds 41.28%
Ranked 2nd. 2 times more than Macau
17.36%
Ranked 12th.
Primary education, teachers > % female 76.89%
Ranked 29th.
86.61%
Ranked 15th. 13% more than Australia

Tertiary education, teachers > % female 31.43%
Ranked 13th.
34.67%
Ranked 73th. 10% more than Australia

Public spending on education, total > % of government expenditure 13.46%
Ranked 66th.
17.62%
Ranked 22nd. 31% more than Australia

Unemployment with primary education, male > % of male unemployment 48.5%
Ranked 21st.
57.9%
Ranked 10th. 19% more than Australia

Labor force with tertiary education, male > % of male labor force 29.9%
Ranked 15th. 52% more than Macau
19.7%
Ranked 35th.

Unemployment with tertiary education, female > % of female unemployment 21.1%
Ranked 45th. 1% more than Macau
20.9%
Ranked 46th.

Unemployment with tertiary education, male > % of male unemployment 17%
Ranked 34th. 38% more than Macau
12.3%
Ranked 55th.

School enrollment > Preprimary > % gross 102.41% gross
Ranked 15th. 11% more than Macau
92.16% gross
Ranked 10th.

School enrollment > Primary > Female > % gross 102.6% gross
Ranked 78th. 1% more than Macau
101.72% gross
Ranked 55th.

Primary education > Teachers > % female 71.5% female
Ranked 43th.
88.63% female
Ranked 9th. 24% more than Australia

Expenditure per student > Secondary > % of GDP per capita 14.38%
Ranked 62nd. 27% more than Macau
11.35%
Ranked 61st.
Gross intake rate in grade 1 > Male > % of relevant age group 103.47%
Ranked 65th. 6% more than Macau
97.34%
Ranked 64th.

School life expectancy > Primary to tertiary > Female 21 years
Ranked 1st. 50% more than Macau
14 years
Ranked 48th.
School enrollment, primary, private > % of total primary 31.08%
Ranked 27th.
97.39%
Ranked 1st. 3 times more than Australia

Primary education, pupils > % female 48.6%
Ranked 68th. 2% more than Macau
47.7%
Ranked 61st.

School enrollment, primary, female > % gross 104.24%
Ranked 64th. 6% more than Macau
98.34%
Ranked 114th.

Secondary education, general pupils > % female 49.71%
Ranked 70th. 2% more than Macau
48.72%
Ranked 47th.

Total enrollment, primary, male > % net 96.13%
Ranked 49th. 10% more than Macau
87.28%
Ranked 89th.

Secondary education, vocational pupils per 1000 35.22
Ranked 3rd. 12 times more than Macau
2.88
Ranked 41st.

Secondary education, teachers, female per 1000 3.01
Ranked 23th. 15% more than Macau
2.62
Ranked 18th.

School life expectancy > Primary to tertiary > Male 20 years
Ranked 1st. 25% more than Macau
16 years
Ranked 11th.
School enrollment > Secondary > Female > % gross 145.42% gross
Ranked 1st. 47% more than Macau
99.09% gross
Ranked 9th.

School enrollment, primary, male > % net 96.03%
Ranked 35th. 10% more than Macau
87.19%
Ranked 88th.

School enrollment, secondary, female > % gross 129.25%
Ranked 2nd. 35% more than Macau
95.89%
Ranked 16th.

School enrollment, secondary, male > % net 85.16%
Ranked 37th. 10% more than Macau
77.2%
Ranked 12th.

Secondary education, teachers, female 52,710
Ranked 17th. 36 times more than Macau
1,460
Ranked 27th.

School enrollment > Tertiary > Female > % gross 79.85% gross
Ranked 13th. 54% more than Macau
51.86% gross
Ranked 8th.

School enrollment, primary, male > % gross 104.58%
Ranked 73th. 2% more than Macau
102.82%
Ranked 97th.

SOURCES: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Development Indicators database; UNESCO; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; Source: UNESCO UIS Data | UNESCO Institute for Statistics; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; Wikipedia: List of countries by student performance (Reading); UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; Source: UNESCO UIS Data | UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Development Indicators database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Bank national accounts data. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; World Bank national accounts data; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=UNESCO&f=series%3aEA_56_Ag25t99, Educational attainment: completed tertiary; International Labour Organization, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database.

Citation

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