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Economy Stats: compare key data on Cambodia & Vietnam

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Definitions

  • Budget > Revenues: Revenues calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms
  • Budget surplus > + or deficit > -: This entry records the difference between national government revenues and expenditures, expressed as a percent of GDP. A positive (+) number indicates that revenues exceeded expenditures (a budget surplus), while a negative (-) number indicates the reverse (a budget deficit). Normalizing the data, by dividing the budget balance by GDP, enables easy comparisons across countries and indicates whether a national government saves or borrows money. Countries with high budget deficits (relative to their GDPs) generally have more difficulty raising funds to finance expenditures, than those with lower deficits.
  • Overview: This entry briefly describes the type of economy, including the degree of market orientation, the level of economic development, the most important natural resources, and the unique areas of specialization. It also characterizes major economic events and policy changes in the most recent 12 months and may include a statement about one or two key future macroeconomic trends.
  • Exports: This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise exports on an f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms.
  • Exports per capita: This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise exports on an f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • GDP: GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using single year official exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used.
  • GDP > Composition, by sector of origin > Services: This entry is derived from Economy > GDP > Composition, by sector of origin, which shows where production takes place in an economy. The distribution gives the percentage contribution of agriculture, industry, and services to total GDP, and will total 100 percent of GDP if the data are complete. Agriculture includes farming, fishing, and forestry. Industry includes mining, manufacturing, energy production, and construction. Services cover government activities, communications, transportation, finance, and all other private economic activities that do not produce material goods.
  • GDP > Per capita: This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States. This is the measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living conditions or use of resources across countries. The measure is difficult to compute, as a US dollar value has to be assigned to all goods and services in the country regardless of whether these goods and services have a direct equivalent in the United States (for example, the value of an ox-cart or non-US military equipment); as a result, PPP estimates for some countries are based on a small and sometimes different set of goods and services. In addition, many countries do not formally participate in the World Bank's PPP project that calculates these measures, so the resulting GDP estimates for these countries may lack precision. For many developing countries, PPP-based GDP measures are multiples of the official exchange rate (OER) measure. The difference between the OER- and PPP-denominated GDP values for most of the weathly industrialized countries are generally much smaller. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
  • GDP > Per capita > PPP: This entry shows GDP on a purchasing power parity basis divided by population as of 1 July for the same year.
  • GDP > Purchasing power parity per capita: This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States. This is the measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living conditions or use of resources across countries. The measure is difficult to compute, as a US dollar value has to be assigned to all goods and services in the country regardless of whether these goods and services have a direct equivalent in the United States (for example, the value of an ox-cart or non-US military equipment); as a result, PPP estimates for some countries are based on a small and sometimes different set of goods and services. In addition, many countries do not formally participate in the World Bank's PPP project that calculates these measures, so the resulting GDP estimates for these countries may lack precision. For many developing countries, PPP-based GDP measures are multiples of the official exchange rate (OER) measure. The difference between the OER- and PPP-denominated GDP values for most of the weathly industrialized countries are generally much smaller. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • GDP per capita: GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using single year official exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Gross National Income: GNI, Atlas method (current US$). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and prop).
  • Inflation rate > Consumer prices: This entry furnishes the annual percent change in consumer prices compared with the previous year's consumer prices.
  • Population below poverty line: National estimates of the percentage of the population lying below the poverty line are based on surveys of sub-groups, with the results weighted by the number of people in each group. Definitions of poverty vary considerably among nations. For example, rich nations generally employ more generous standards of poverty than poor nations.
  • Unemployment rate: This entry contains the percent of the labor force that is without jobs. Substantial underemployment might be noted.
  • Distribution of family income > Gini index: This index measures the degree of inequality in the distribution of family income in a country. The index is calculated from the Lorenz curve, in which cumulative family income is plotted against the number of families arranged from the poorest to the ric
  • Human Development Index: The human development index values in this table were calculated using a consistent methodology and consistent data series. They are not strictly comparable with those in earlier Human Development Reports.
  • Tourist arrivals > Per capita: International inbound tourists (overnight visitors) are the number of tourists who travel to a country other than that in which they have their usual residence, but outside their usual environment, for a period not exceeding 12 months and whose main purpose in visiting is other than an activity remunerated from within the country visited. When data on number of tourists are not available, the number of visitors, which includes tourists, same-day visitors, cruise passengers, and crew members, is shown instead. Sources and collection methods for arrivals differ across countries. In some cases data are from border statistics (police, immigration, and the like) and supplemented by border surveys. In other cases data are from tourism accommodation establishments. For some countries number of arrivals is limited to arrivals by air and for others to arrivals staying in hotels. Some countries include arrivals of nationals residing abroad while others do not. Caution should thus be used in comparing arrivals across countries. The data on inbound tourists refer to the number of arrivals, not to the number of people traveling. Thus a person who makes several trips to a country during a given period is counted each time as a new arrival." Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • GDP > Purchasing power parity: This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States. This is the measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living conditions or use of resources across countries. The measure is difficult to compute, as a US dollar value has to be assigned to all goods and services in the country regardless of whether these goods and services have a direct equivalent in the United States (for example, the value of an ox-cart or non-US military equipment); as a result, PPP estimates for some countries are based on a small and sometimes different set of goods and services. In addition, many countries do not formally participate in the World Bank's PPP project that calculates these measures, so the resulting GDP estimates for these countries may lack precision. For many developing countries, PPP-based GDP measures are multiples of the official exchange rate (OER) measure. The difference between the OER- and PPP-denominated GDP values for most of the weathly industrialized countries are generally much smaller.
  • Currency > PPP conversion factor to official exchange rate ratio: Purchasing power parity conversion factor is the number of units of a country's currency required to buy the same amount of goods and services in the domestic market as a U.S. dollar would buy in the United States. Official exchange rate refers to the exchange rate determined by national authorities or to the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated as an annual average based on monthly averages (local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar). The ratio of the PPP conversion factor to the official exchange rate (also referred to as the national price level) makes it possible to compare the cost of the bundle of goods that make up gross domestic product (GDP) across countries. It tells how many dollars are needed to buy a dollar's worth of goods in the country as compared to the United States.
  • Fiscal year: The beginning and ending months for a country's accounting period of 12 months, which often is the calendar year but which may begin in any month. All yearly references are for the calendar year (CY) unless indicated as a noncalendar fiscal year (FY).
  • GDP > Composition by sector > Industry: The gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods produced by the industrial sector within a nation in a given year. GDP dollar estimates in the Factbook are derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) calculations. See the CIA World Factbook for more information.
  • Currency > Official exchange rate > LCU per US$, period average: Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average). Official exchange rate refers to the exchange rate determined by national authorities or to the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated as an annual average based on monthly averages (local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar).
  • Inequality > GINI index: Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household. The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality."
  • Imports per capita: This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise imports on a c.i.f. (cost, insurance, and freight) or f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Gross National Income per capita: GNI, Atlas method (current US$). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and prop). Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Development > Human Development Index: Human Development Index trends, 1980-2012.
  • Population below poverty line > Per capita: National estimates of the percentage of the population lying below the poverty line are based on surveys of sub-groups, with the results weighted by the number of people in each group. Definitions of poverty vary considerably among nations. For example, rich nations generally employ more generous standards of poverty than poor nations. Per capita figures expressed per 1 million population.
  • GDP > Per capita > PPP per thousand people: This entry shows GDP on a purchasing power parity basis divided by population as of 1 July for the same year. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
  • Exports > Commodities: This entry provides a listing of the highest-valued exported products; it sometimes includes the percent of total dollar value.
  • Poverty and inequality > Richest quintile to poorest quintile ratio: The ratio of average income of the richest 20% of the population to the average income of the poorest 20% of the population.
  • Imports: This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise imports on a c.i.f. (cost, insurance, and freight) or f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms.
  • Budget > Expenditures: Expenditures calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms
  • GINI index: Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household. The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality.
  • Reserves of foreign exchange and gold per capita: This entry gives the dollar value for the stock of all financial assets that are available to the central monetary authority for use in meeting a country's balance of payments needs as of the end-date of the period specified. This category includes not only foreign currency and gold, but also a country's holdings of Special Drawing Rights in the International Monetary Fund, and its reserve position in the Fund. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Debt > Net foreign assets > Current LCU: Net foreign assets (current LCU). Net foreign assets are the sum of foreign assets held by monetary authorities and deposit money banks, less their foreign liabilities. Data are in current local currency.
  • Tourist arrivals: International inbound tourists (overnight visitors) are the number of tourists who travel to a country other than that in which they have their usual residence, but outside their usual environment, for a period not exceeding 12 months and whose main purpose in visiting is other than an activity remunerated from within the country visited. When data on number of tourists are not available, the number of visitors, which includes tourists, same-day visitors, cruise passengers, and crew members, is shown instead. Sources and collection methods for arrivals differ across countries. In some cases data are from border statistics (police, immigration, and the like) and supplemented by border surveys. In other cases data are from tourism accommodation establishments. For some countries number of arrivals is limited to arrivals by air and for others to arrivals staying in hotels. Some countries include arrivals of nationals residing abroad while others do not. Caution should thus be used in comparing arrivals across countries. The data on inbound tourists refer to the number of arrivals, not to the number of people traveling. Thus a person who makes several trips to a country during a given period is counted each time as a new arrival."
  • Budget > Revenues > Per capita: Revenues calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
  • Inbound tourism income > Current US$: International tourism receipts are expenditures by international inbound visitors, including payments to national carriers for international transport. These receipts include any other prepayment made for goods or services received in the destination country. They also may include receipts from same-day visitors, except when these are important enough to justify separate classification. For some countries they do not include receipts for passenger transport items. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
  • GDP per person: GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
  • Exports > Main exports: Country main exports.
  • Budget > Revenues per capita: Revenues calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Debt > External: Total public and private debt owed to non-residents repayable in foreign currency, goods, or services.
  • Gross domestic savings > Current US$ per capita: Gross domestic savings are calculated as GDP less final consumption expenditure (total consumption). Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Debt > External > Per capita: Total public and private debt owed to non-residents repayable in foreign currency, goods, or services. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
  • GDP > Composition by sector > Services: The gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final services produced within a nation in a given year. GDP dollar estimates in the Factbook are derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) calculations. See the CIA World Factbook for more information.
  • Tax > GDP > Constant LCU: GDP (constant LCU). GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant local currency.
  • Tourism > International tourism, number of arrivals per capita: International tourism, number of arrivals. International inbound tourists (overnight visitors) are the number of tourists who travel to a country other than that in which they have their usual residence, but outside their usual environment, for a period not exceeding 12 months and whose main purpose in visiting is other than an activity remunerated from within the country visited. When data on number of tourists are not available, the number of visitors, which includes tourists, same-day visitors, cruise passengers, and crew members, is shown instead. Sources and collection methods for arrivals differ across countries. In some cases data are from border statistics (police, immigration, and the like) and supplemented by border surveys. In other cases data are from tourism accommodation establishments. For some countries number of arrivals is limited to arrivals by air and for others to arrivals staying in hotels. Some countries include arrivals of nationals residing abroad while others do not. Caution should thus be used in comparing arrivals across countries. The data on inbound tourists refer to the number of arrivals, not to the number of people traveling. Thus a person who makes several trips to a country during a given period is counted each time as a new arrival. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • International tourism > Receipts > Current US$ > Per $ GDP: International tourism receipts are expenditures by international inbound visitors, including payments to national carriers for international transport. These receipts should include any other prepayment made for goods or services received in the destination country. They also may include receipts from same-day visitors, except in cases where these are so important as to justify a separate classification. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1,000 $ gross domestic product.
  • Consumer spending: Household final consumption expenditure (formerly private consumption) is the market value of all goods and services, including durable products (such as cars, washing machines, and home computers), purchased by households. It excludes purchases of dwellings but includes imputed rent for owner-occupied dwellings. It also includes payments and fees to governments to obtain permits and licenses. Here, household consumption expenditure includes the expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households, even when reported separately by the country. This item also includes any statistical discrepancy in the use of resources relative to the supply of resources."
  • Consumer price index: Consumer price index reflects changes in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a fixed basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. The Laspeyres formula is generally used.
    2000 = 100
  • GDP > Composition by sector > Agriculture: The gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods produced by the agricultural sector within a nation in a given year. GDP dollar estimates in the Factbook are derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) calculations. See the CIA World Factbook for more information.
  • GDP per capita > PPP > Current international $: GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current international dollars.
  • Industries: A rank ordering of industries starting with the largest by value of annual output.
  • Population below poverty line > Per $ GDP: National estimates of the percentage of the population lying below the poverty line are based on surveys of sub-groups, with the results weighted by the number of people in each group. Definitions of poverty vary considerably among nations. For example, rich nations generally employ more generous standards of poverty than poor nations. Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1 trillion $ gross domestic product.
  • GDP > Composition, by end use > Imports of goods and services: This entry is derived from Economy > GDP > Composition, by end use, which shows who does the spending in an economy: consumers, businesses, government, and foreigners. The distribution gives the percentage contribution to total GDP of household consumption, government consumption, investment in fixed capital, investment in inventories, exports of goods and services, and imports of goods and services, and will total 100 percent of GDP if the data are complete.
    household consumption consists of expenditures by resident households, and by nonprofit institutions that serve households, on goods and services that are consumed by individuals. This includes consumption of both domestically produced and foreign goods and services.
    government consumption consists of government expenditures on goods and services. These figures exclude government transfer payments, such as interest on debt, unemployment, and social security, since such payments are not made in exchange for goods and services supplied.
    investment in fixed capital consists of total business spending on fixed assets, such as factories, machinery, equipment, dwellings, and inventories of raw materials, which provide the basis for future production. It is measured gross of the depreciation of the assets, i.e., it includes investment that merely replaces worn-out or scrapped capital. Earlier editions of The World Factbook referred to this concept as Investment (gross fixed) and that data now have been moved to this new field.
    investment in inventories consists of net changes to the stock of outputs that are still held by the units that produce them, awaiting further sale to an end user, such as automobiles sitting on a dealer’s lot or groceries on the store shelves. This figure may be positive or negative. If the stock of unsold output increases during the relevant time period, investment in inventories is positive, but, if the stock of unsold goods declines, it will be negative. Investment in inventories normally is an early indicator of the state of the economy. If the stock of unsold items increases unexpectedly – because people stop buying - the economy may be entering a recession; but if the stock of unsold items falls - and goods "go flying off the shelves" - businesses normally try to replace those stocks, and the economy is likely to accelerate.
    exports of goods and services consist of sales, barter, gifts, or grants of goods and services from residents to nonresidents.
    imports of goods and ...
    Full definition
  • GDP per capita > Constant LCU: GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant local currency.
  • Balance of payments > Capital and financial account > Foreign direct investment > Net inflows > BoP > Current US: Foreign direct investment are the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. This series shows net inflows (new investment inflows less disinvestment) in the reporting economy from foreign investors. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
  • Labor force: This entry contains the total labor force figure.
  • Poverty and inequality > Population below $1 (PPP) per day: Percentage of population that lives on less than the equivalent of 1 USD per day.
  • GDP > Real growth rate: GDP growth on an annual basis adjusted for inflation and expressed as a percent.
  • Debt > Government debt > Gross government debt, share of GDP: Gross government debt as % of GDP (IMF).

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • International tourism > Number of arrivals: International inbound tourists (overnight visitors) are the number of tourists who travel to a country other than that in which they have their usual residence, but outside their usual environment, for a period not exceeding 12 months and whose main purpose in visiting is other than an activity remunerated from within the country visited.
  • Economic growth > Per capita: Annual percentage growth rate of GDP per capita based on constant local currency. GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources.
  • Foreign direct investment > Net > BoP > Current US$ per capita: Foreign direct investment is net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. This series shows total net, that is, net FDI in the reporting economy from foreign sources less net FDI by the reporting economy to the rest of the world. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • GDP per capita > Constant 2000 US$: GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant U.S. dollars.
  • Economic freedom: Index of 'economic freedom', according to the American organisation 'The Heritage Foundation'. It is worth noting that such indices are based on highly culturally contingent factors. This data makes a number of assumptions about 'freedom' and the role of the government that are not accepted by much of the world's population. A broad discussion of The Heritage Foundation's definition and methodology can be found at http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/ChapterPDFs/chapter5.HTML.
  • GDP > Official exchange rate per capita: This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at offical exchange rates (OER) is the home-currency-denominated annual GDP figure divided by the bilateral average US exchange rate with that country in that year. The measure is simple to compute and gives a precise measure of the value of output. Many economists prefer this measure when gauging the economic power an economy maintains vis-a-vis its neighbors, judging that an exchange rate captures the purchasing power a nation enjoys in the international marketplace. Official exchange rates, however, can be artifically fixed and/or subject to manipulation - resulting in claims of the country having an under- or over-valued currency - and are not necessarily the equivalent of a market-determined exchange rate. Moreover, even if the official exchange rate is market-determined, market exchange rates are frequently established by a relatively small set of goods and services (the ones the country trades) and may not capture the value of the larger set of goods the country produces. Furthermore, OER-converted GDP is not well suited to comparing domestic GDP over time, since appreciation/depreciation from one year to the next will make the OER GDP value rise/fall regardless of whether home-currency-denominated GDP changed. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Current account balance: This entry records a country's net trade in goods and services, plus net earnings from rents, interest, profits, and dividends, and net transfer payments (such as pension funds and worker remittances) to and from the rest of the world during the period specified. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms.
  • Trade > Imports per capita: This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise imports on a c.i.f. (cost, insurance, and freight) or f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Currency: The national medium of exchange and its basic sub-unit.
  • Current account balance > BoP > Current US$ per capita: Current account balance is the sum of net exports of goods, services, net income, and net current transfers. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • GNI per capita: Country GNI per capita.
  • GDP > Purchasing power parity > Per capita: This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States. This is the measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living conditions or use of resources across countries. The measure is difficult to compute, as a US dollar value has to be assigned to all goods and services in the country regardless of whether these goods and services have a direct equivalent in the United States (for example, the value of an ox-cart or non-US military equipment); as a result, PPP estimates for some countries are based on a small and sometimes different set of goods and services. In addition, many countries do not formally participate in the World Bank's PPP project that calculates these measures, so the resulting GDP estimates for these countries may lack precision. For many developing countries, PPP-based GDP measures are multiples of the official exchange rate (OER) measure. The difference between the OER- and PPP-denominated GDP values for most of the weathly industrialized countries are generally much smaller. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
  • Trade > Exports per capita: The total US dollar amount of exports on an f.o.b. (free on board) basis. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Current account balance per capita: This entry records a country's net trade in goods and services, plus net earnings from rents, interest, profits, and dividends, and net transfer payments (such as pension funds and worker remittances) to and from the rest of the world during the period specified. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Money and quasi money > M2 > Current LCU: Money and quasi money comprise the sum of currency outside banks, demand deposits other than those of the central government, and the time, savings, and foreign currency deposits of resident sectors other than the central government. This definition of money supply is frequently called M2; it corresponds to lines 34 and 35 in the International Monetary Fund's (IMF) International Financial Statistics (IFS). Data are in current local currency.
  • Tourism > International tourism, number of arrivals: International tourism, number of arrivals. International inbound tourists (overnight visitors) are the number of tourists who travel to a country other than that in which they have their usual residence, but outside their usual environment, for a period not exceeding 12 months and whose main purpose in visiting is other than an activity remunerated from within the country visited. When data on number of tourists are not available, the number of visitors, which includes tourists, same-day visitors, cruise passengers, and crew members, is shown instead. Sources and collection methods for arrivals differ across countries. In some cases data are from border statistics (police, immigration, and the like) and supplemented by border surveys. In other cases data are from tourism accommodation establishments. For some countries number of arrivals is limited to arrivals by air and for others to arrivals staying in hotels. Some countries include arrivals of nationals residing abroad while others do not. Caution should thus be used in comparing arrivals across countries. The data on inbound tourists refer to the number of arrivals, not to the number of people traveling. Thus a person who makes several trips to a country during a given period is counted each time as a new arrival.
  • Gross national saving: Gross national saving is derived by deducting final consumption expenditure (household plus government) from Gross national disposable income, and consists of personal saving, plus business saving (the sum of the capital consumption allowance and retained business profits), plus government saving (the excess of tax revenues over expenditures), but excludes foreign saving (the excess of imports of goods and services over exports). The figures are presented as a percent of GDP. A negative number indicates that the economy as a whole is spending more income than it produces, thus drawing down national wealth (dissaving).
  • Tax > GDP > Constant LCU per capita: GDP (constant LCU). GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant local currency. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Retail > Gross value added by wholesale, retail trade, restaurants and hotels: Gross Value Added by Kind of Economic Activity at current prices - US dollars.
  • Household final > Consumption expenditure > Current US$ per capita: Household final consumption expenditure (formerly private consumption) is the market value of all goods and services, including durable products (such as cars, washing machines, and home computers), purchased by households. It excludes purchases of dwellings but includes imputed rent for owner-occupied dwellings. It also includes payments and fees to governments to obtain permits and licenses. Here, household consumption expenditure includes the expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households, even when reported separately by the country. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Budget > Expenditures per capita: Expenditures calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Reserves > Total reserves > Includes gold, current US$: Total reserves (includes gold, current US$). Total reserves comprise holdings of monetary gold, special drawing rights, reserves of IMF members held by the IMF, and holdings of foreign exchange under the control of monetary authorities. The gold component of these reserves is valued at year-end (December 31) London prices. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
  • Exchange rates: The official value of a country's monetary unit at a given date or over a given period of time, as expressed in units of local currency per US dollar and as determined by international market forces or official fiat.
  • Debt > External per capita: Total public and private debt owed to non-residents repayable in foreign currency, goods, or services. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Size of economy > Share of world GDP : Percent of world GDP (exchange rates).

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  • Gross fixed capital formation > Current US$ > Per $ GDP: Gross fixed capital formation (formerly gross domestic fixed investment) includes land improvements (fences, ditches, drains, and so on); plant, machinery, and equipment purchases; and the construction of roads, railways, and the like, including schools, offices, hospitals, private residential dwellings, and commercial and industrial buildings. According to the 1993 SNA, net acquisitions of valuables are also considered capital formation. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1 $ gross domestic product.
  • Exports > Partners: This entry provides a rank ordering of trading partners starting with the most important; it sometimes includes the percent of total dollar value.
  • Aid per capita > Current US$: Aid per capita includes both official development assistance (ODA) and official aid, and is calculated by dividing total aid by the midyear population estimate.
  • GDP > Official exchange rate: This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at offical exchange rates (OER) is the home-currency-denominated annual GDP figure divided by the bilateral average US exchange rate with that country in that year. The measure is simple to compute and gives a precise measure of the value of output. Many economists prefer this measure when gauging the economic power an economy maintains vis-a-vis its neighbors, judging that an exchange rate captures the purchasing power a nation enjoys in the international marketplace. Official exchange rates, however, can be artifically fixed and/or subject to manipulation - resulting in claims of the country having an under- or over-valued currency - and are not necessarily the equivalent of a market-determined exchange rate. Moreover, even if the official exchange rate is market-determined, market exchange rates are frequently established by a relatively small set of goods and services (the ones the country trades) and may not capture the value of the larger set of goods the country produces. Furthermore, OER-converted GDP is not well suited to comparing domestic GDP over time, since appreciation/depreciation from one year to the next will make the OER GDP value rise/fall regardless of whether home-currency-denominated GDP changed.
  • GDP per capita > PPP > Constant 2000 international $: GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant 2000 international dollars.
  • Investment > Gross fixed: This entry records total business spending on fixed assets, such as factories, machinery, equipment, dwellings, and inventories of raw materials, which provide the basis for future production. It is measured gross of the depreciation of the assets, i.e., it includes invesment that merely replaces worn-out or scrapped capital.
  • Interest rate spread > Lending rate minus deposit rate: Interest rate spread is the interest rate charged by banks on loans to prime customers minus the interest rate paid by commercial or similar banks for demand, time, or savings deposits.
  • Income receipts > BoP > Current US$ per capita: Income receipts refer to employee compensation paid to resident workers working abroad and investment income (receipts on direct investment, portfolio investment, other investments, and receipts on reserve assets). Income derived from the use of intangible assets is excluded from income and recorded under business services. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Bank liquid > Reserves to bank assets ratio: Ratio of bank liquid reserves to bank assets is the ratio of domestic currency holdings and deposits with the monetary authorities to claims on other governments, nonfinancial public enterprises, the private sector, and other banking institutions.
  • GDP > Composition, by sector of origin > Industry: This entry is derived from Economy > GDP > Composition, by sector of origin, which shows where production takes place in an economy. The distribution gives the percentage contribution of agriculture, industry, and services to total GDP, and will total 100 percent of GDP if the data are complete. Agriculture includes farming, fishing, and forestry. Industry includes mining, manufacturing, energy production, and construction. Services cover government activities, communications, transportation, finance, and all other private economic activities that do not produce material goods.
  • Debt > Net domestic credit > Current LCU: Net domestic credit (current LCU). Net domestic credit is the sum of net claims on the central government and claims on other sectors of the domestic economy (IFS line 32). Data are in current local currency.
  • Trade > Exports > Exports of goods and services > Constant 2000 US$ per capita: Exports of goods and services (constant 2000 US$). Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) and transfer payments. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Government spending: General government final consumption expenditure (formerly general government consumption) includes all government current expenditures for purchases of goods and services (including compensation of employees). It also includes most expenditures on national defense and security, but excludes government military expenditures that are part of government capital formation. Data are in constant 2000 U.S. dollars."
  • Foreign direct investment > Net inflows > BoP > Current US$ per capita: Foreign direct investment are the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. This series shows net inflows in the reporting economy. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • GDP > Current LCU: GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current local currency.
  • High-technology > Exports > Current US$ > Per capita: High-technology exports are products with high research and development intensity, such as in aerospace, computers, pharmaceuticals, scientific instruments, and electrical machinery. Data are in current U.S. dollars." Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • GDP > Composition, by sector of origin > Agriculture: This entry is derived from Economy > GDP > Composition, by sector of origin, which shows where production takes place in an economy. The distribution gives the percentage contribution of agriculture, industry, and services to total GDP, and will total 100 percent of GDP if the data are complete. Agriculture includes farming, fishing, and forestry. Industry includes mining, manufacturing, energy production, and construction. Services cover government activities, communications, transportation, finance, and all other private economic activities that do not produce material goods.
  • Savings > Gross domestic savings > Current US$ per capita: Gross domestic savings (current US$). Gross domestic savings are calculated as GDP less final consumption expenditure (total consumption). Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Tax > Tax payments > Number: Tax payments (number). Tax payments by businesses are the total number of taxes paid by businesses, including electronic filing. The tax is counted as paid once a year even if payments are more frequent.
  • Real interest rate: Real interest rate is the lending interest rate adjusted for inflation as measured by the GDP deflator.
  • Gross domestic savings: Gross domestic savings are calculated as GDP less final consumption expenditure (total consumption). Data are in current U.S. dollars.
  • Inflation: Consumer price index reflects changes in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. The Laspeyres formula is generally used."
  • Income > GNI per capita, PPP > Current international $: GNI per capita, PPP (current international $). GNI per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP GNI is gross national income (GNI) converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GNI as a U.S. dollar has in the United States. GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current international dollars.
  • Income > GNI, PPP > Current international $ per capita: GNI, PPP (current international $). PPP GNI (formerly PPP GNP) is gross national income (GNI) converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GNI as a U.S. dollar has in the United States. Gross national income is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current international dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • GDP > By type of expenditure > Household consumption expenditure per capita: GDP by Type of Expenditure at current prices - US dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: This entry gives the dollar value for the stock of all financial assets that are available to the central monetary authority for use in meeting a country's balance of payments needs as of the end-date of the period specified. This category includes not only foreign currency and gold, but also a country's holdings of Special Drawing Rights in the International Monetary Fund, and its reserve position in the Fund.
  • Size of economy > GDP > GDP growth: GDP growth (annual %).
  • GDP > Constant 2000 US$: GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant 2000 U.S. dollars. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using 2000 official exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used.
  • Debt service: Total debt service (% of exports of goods and services). Total debt service is the sum of principal repayments and interest actually paid in foreign currency, goods, or services on long-term debt, interest paid on short-term debt, and repayments (repurchases and charges) to the IMF. Exports of goods and services includes income and workers' remittances.
  • Purchasing power parity conversion factor > LCU per international $: Purchasing power parity conversion factor is the number of units of a country's currency required to buy the same amounts of goods and services in the domestic market as U.S. dollar would buy in the United States.
  • GDP > Composition, by end use > Household consumption: This entry is derived from Economy > GDP > Composition, by end use, which shows who does the spending in an economy: consumers, businesses, government, and foreigners. The distribution gives the percentage contribution to total GDP of household consumption, government consumption, investment in fixed capital, investment in inventories, exports of goods and services, and imports of goods and services, and will total 100 percent of GDP if the data are complete.
    household consumption consists of expenditures by resident households, and by nonprofit institutions that serve households, on goods and services that are consumed by individuals. This includes consumption of both domestically produced and foreign goods and services.
    government consumption consists of government expenditures on goods and services. These figures exclude government transfer payments, such as interest on debt, unemployment, and social security, since such payments are not made in exchange for goods and services supplied.
    investment in fixed capital consists of total business spending on fixed assets, such as factories, machinery, equipment, dwellings, and inventories of raw materials, which provide the basis for future production. It is measured gross of the depreciation of the assets, i.e., it includes investment that merely replaces worn-out or scrapped capital. Earlier editions of The World Factbook referred to this concept as Investment (gross fixed) and that data now have been moved to this new field.
    investment in inventories consists of net changes to the stock of outputs that are still held by the units that produce them, awaiting further sale to an end user, such as automobiles sitting on a dealer’s lot or groceries on the store shelves. This figure may be positive or negative. If the stock of unsold output increases during the relevant time period, investment in inventories is positive, but, if the stock of unsold goods declines, it will be negative. Investment in inventories normally is an early indicator of the state of the economy. If the stock of unsold items increases unexpectedly – because people stop buying - the economy may be entering a recession; but if the stock of unsold items falls - and goods "go flying off the shelves" - businesses normally try to replace those stocks, and the economy is likely to accelerate.
    exports of goods and services consist of sales, barter, gifts, or grants of goods and services from residents to nonresidents.
    imports of goods and ...
    Full definition
    .
  • Current transfers > Receipts > BoP > Current US$: Current transfers (receipts) are recorded in the balance of payments whenever an economy receives goods, services, income, or financial items without a quid pro quo. All transfers not considered to be capital are current. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
  • Innovation > Patent applications, residents per million: Patent applications, residents. Patent applications are worldwide patent applications filed through the Patent Cooperation Treaty procedure or with a national patent office for exclusive rights for an invention--a product or process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem. A patent provides protection for the invention to the owner of the patent for a limited period, generally 20 years. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Debt > Net current transfers from abroad > Current LCU: Net current transfers from abroad (current LCU). Current transfers comprise transfers of income between residents of the reporting country and the rest of the world that carry no provisions for repayment. Net current transfers from abroad is equal to the unrequited transfers of income from nonresidents to residents minus the unrequited transfers from residents to nonresidents. Data are in current local currency.
  • Saving rate: ""Saving rate"" or gross savings are calculated as gross national income less total consumption, plus net transfers."
  • GDP > PPP > Constant 2000 international $ per capita: PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant 2000 international dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • International tourism > Number of departures: International outbound tourists are the number of departures that people make from their country of usual residence to any other country for any purpose other than a remunerated activity in the country visited.
  • Net income > BoP > Current US$ > Per capita: Net income refers to receipts and payments of employee compensation paid to nonresident workers and investment income (receipts and payments on direct investment, portfolio investment, other investments, and receipts on reserve assets). Income derived from the use of intangible assets is recorded under business services. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Poverty and inequality > Poorest's share in national income or consumption: Percentage of country's total income or consumption that belongs to the poorest 5% of its citizens.
  • Debt > Net foreign assets > Current LCU per capita: Net foreign assets (current LCU). Net foreign assets are the sum of foreign assets held by monetary authorities and deposit money banks, less their foreign liabilities. Data are in current local currency. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Tax > GDP > Current LCU: GDP (current LCU). GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current local currency.
  • Tax > Average time to clear customs > Days: Average time to clear customs is the number of days to clear an imported good through customs.
  • GDP > PPP per capita: Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) in Millions of International Dollars, 2004. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Economic aid > Recipient: This entry, which is subject to major problems of definition and statistical coverage, refers to the net inflow of Official Development Finance (ODF) to recipient countries. The figure includes assistance from the World Bank, the IMF, and other international organizations and from individual nation donors. Formal commitments of aid are included in the data. Omitted from the data are grants by private organizations. Aid comes in various forms including outright grants and loans. The entry thus is the difference between new inflows and repayments.
  • GNI: GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
  • Development > Human Development Index > Inequality adjusted: Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index.
  • GDP > PPP: Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) in Millions of International Dollars, 2004.
  • Tax > GDP > Current US$ per capita: GDP (current US$). GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using single year official exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Trade > Exports to US: in US dollars. Jan 2003 - March 2003
  • Industrial production growth rate: This entry gives the annual percentage increase in industrial production (includes manufacturing, mining, and construction).
  • Purchasing power parity > GDP per capita > PPP > Current international $: GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current international dollars.
  • World trade > Exports: Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) and transfer payments. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
  • Labor force > By occupation > Agriculture: This entry is derived from Economy > Labor force > By occupation, which lists the percentage distribution of the labor force by sector of occupation. Agriculture includes farming, fishing, and forestry. Industry includes mining, manufacturing, energy production, and construction. Services cover government activities, communications, transportation, finance, and all other economic activities that do not produce material goods. The distribution will total less than 100 percent if the data are incomplete and may range from 99-101 percent due to rounding.
    Additional details:
    • Gibraltar: negligible (2013)
  • Poverty > Poverty gap at national poverty line: Poverty gap at national poverty line is the mean shortfall from the poverty line (counting the nonpoor as having zero shortfall) as a percentage of
  • Labor force > By occupation > Services: This entry is derived from Economy > Labor force > By occupation, which lists the percentage distribution of the labor force by sector of occupation. Agriculture includes farming, fishing, and forestry. Industry includes mining, manufacturing, energy production, and construction. Services cover government activities, communications, transportation, finance, and all other economic activities that do not produce material goods. The distribution will total less than 100 percent if the data are incomplete and may range from 99-101 percent due to rounding.
  • Lending interest rate: Lending interest rate is the rate charged by banks on loans to prime customers.
  • Industrial > Production growth rate: The annual percentage increase in industrial production (includes manufacturing, mining, and construction).
  • Poverty and inequality > Population below national poverty line > Total: Percentage of country's population that falls below its poverty line.
  • Tax > GDP per capita > Constant LCU: GDP per capita (constant LCU). GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant local currency.
  • Spending > Household final consumption expenditure per capita > Constant 2000 US$: Household final consumption expenditure per capita (constant 2000 US$). Household final consumption expenditure per capita (private consumption per capita) is calculated using private consumption in constant 2005 prices and World Bank population estimates. Household final consumption expenditure is the market value of all goods and services, including durable products (such as cars, washing machines, and home computers), purchased by households. It excludes purchases of dwellings but includes imputed rent for owner-occupied dwellings. It also includes payments and fees to governments to obtain permits and licenses. Here, household consumption expenditure includes the expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households, even when reported separately by the country. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars.
  • Income > GDP per capita, PPP > Current international $: GDP per capita, PPP (current international $). GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current international dollars.
  • Debt > Interest rates > Central bank discount rate: Compares the annualized interest rate set by centrals banks over loans requested by commercial banks to meet temporary shortages of funds. Through these loans, central banks can influence the commercial banks' interest rates as a tool of monetary policy. Usually their interest rates are lower than the ones offered by commercial banks, which lend it at a higher rate to make their profit.
  • Net domestic credit > Current LCU: Net domestic credit is the sum of net credit to the nonfinancial public sector, credit to the private sector, and other accounts. Data are in current local currency.
  • International tourism > Receipts > Current US$ per capita: International tourism receipts are expenditures by international inbound visitors, including payments to national carriers for international transport. These receipts should include any other prepayment made for goods or services received in the destination country. They also may include receipts from same-day visitors, except in cases where these are so important as to justify a separate classification. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • GDP > By type of expenditure > Household consumption expenditure: GDP by Type of Expenditure at current prices - US dollars.
  • Retail > Gross value added by wholesale, retail trade, restaurants and hotels per capita: Gross Value Added by Kind of Economic Activity at current prices - US dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Household spending per capita: Household final consumption expenditure per capita (private consumption per capita) is calculated using private consumption in constant 2000 prices and World Bank population estimates. Household final consumption expenditure is the market value of all goods and services, including durable products (such as cars, washing machines, and home computers), purchased by households. It excludes purchases of dwellings but includes imputed rent for owner-occupied dwellings. It also includes payments and fees to governments to obtain permits and licenses. Here, household consumption expenditure includes the expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households, even when reported separately by the country. Data are in constant 2000 U.S. dollars."
  • Current account balance > BoP > Current US$: Current account balance is the sum of net exports of goods, services, net income, and net current transfers. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
  • Trade > Imports: This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise imports on a c.i.f. (cost, insurance, and freight) or f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms.
  • Currency > Official exchange rate > LCU per US$ > Period average: Official exchange rate refers to the exchange rate determined by national authorities or to the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated as an annual average based on monthly averages (local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar).
  • GDP > CIA Factbook per capita: . Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Oil > Exports: This entry is the total oil exported in barrels per day (bbl/day), including both crude oil and oil products.
    Additional details:
    • Bahamas, The: transshipments of 41,570 bbl/day (2007)
    • Bahamas, The: transshipments of 41,610 bbl/day (2009)
  • Poverty and inequality > Population in severe poverty: Multidimensional Poverty Index.
  • GDP > Composition, by end use > Exports of goods and services: This entry is derived from Economy > GDP > Composition, by end use, which shows who does the spending in an economy: consumers, businesses, government, and foreigners. The distribution gives the percentage contribution to total GDP of household consumption, government consumption, investment in fixed capital, investment in inventories, exports of goods and services, and imports of goods and services, and will total 100 percent of GDP if the data are complete.
    household consumption consists of expenditures by resident households, and by nonprofit institutions that serve households, on goods and services that are consumed by individuals. This includes consumption of both domestically produced and foreign goods and services.
    government consumption consists of government expenditures on goods and services. These figures exclude government transfer payments, such as interest on debt, unemployment, and social security, since such payments are not made in exchange for goods and services supplied.
    investment in fixed capital consists of total business spending on fixed assets, such as factories, machinery, equipment, dwellings, and inventories of raw materials, which provide the basis for future production. It is measured gross of the depreciation of the assets, i.e., it includes investment that merely replaces worn-out or scrapped capital. Earlier editions of The World Factbook referred to this concept as Investment (gross fixed) and that data now have been moved to this new field.
    investment in inventories consists of net changes to the stock of outputs that are still held by the units that produce them, awaiting further sale to an end user, such as automobiles sitting on a dealer’s lot or groceries on the store shelves. This figure may be positive or negative. If the stock of unsold output increases during the relevant time period, investment in inventories is positive, but, if the stock of unsold goods declines, it will be negative. Investment in inventories normally is an early indicator of the state of the economy. If the stock of unsold items increases unexpectedly – because people stop buying - the economy may be entering a recession; but if the stock of unsold items falls - and goods "go flying off the shelves" - businesses normally try to replace those stocks, and the economy is likely to accelerate.
    exports of goods and services consist of sales, barter, gifts, or grants of goods and services from residents to nonresidents.
    imports of goods and ...
    Full definition
     .
  • Purchasing power parity > GNI per capita > PPP > Current international $: GNI per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP GNI is gross national income (GNI) converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GNI as a U.S. dollar has in the United States. GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current international dollars.
  • Income > Health expenditure per capita, PPP > Constant 2005 international $: Health expenditure per capita, PPP (constant 2005 international $). Total health expenditure is the sum of public and private health expenditures as a ratio of total population. It covers the provision of health services (preventive and curative), family planning activities, nutrition activities, and emergency aid designated for health but does not include provision of water and sanitation. Data are in international dollars converted using 2005 purchasing power parity (PPP) rates.
  • Tax > GDP > Current LCU per capita: GDP (current LCU). GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current local currency. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Spending > Household final consumption expenditure > Current US$ per capita: Household final consumption expenditure (current US$). Household final consumption expenditure (formerly private consumption) is the market value of all goods and services, including durable products (such as cars, washing machines, and home computers), purchased by households. It excludes purchases of dwellings but includes imputed rent for owner-occupied dwellings. It also includes payments and fees to governments to obtain permits and licenses. Here, household consumption expenditure includes the expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households, even when reported separately by the country. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Debt > Strength of legal rights index > 0=weak to 10=strong per million: Strength of legal rights index (0=weak to 10=strong). Strength of legal rights index measures the degree to which collateral and bankruptcy laws protect the rights of borrowers and lenders and thus facilitate lending. The index ranges from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating that these laws are better designed to expand access to credit. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Oil > Production: This entry is the total oil produced in barrels per day (bbl/day). The discrepancy between the amount of oil produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes, refinery gains, and other complicating factors.
  • Economy growth: Measures growth in the economy or ""economy growth"". Annual percentage growth rate of GDP at market prices based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2000 U.S. dollars. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources."
  • Trade > Exports > Exports of goods and services: GDP by Type of Expenditure at current prices - US dollars.
  • Purchasing power parity > Gross domestic product per capita > PPP: GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant 2005 international dollars.
  • Electricity > Consumption per capita: This entry consists of total electricity generated annually plus imports and minus exports, expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • GDP > CIA Factbook > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
  • Household spending: Household final consumption expenditure (formerly private consumption) is the market value of all goods and services, including durable products (such as cars, washing machines, and home computers), purchased by households. It excludes purchases of dwellings but includes imputed rent for owner-occupied dwellings. It also includes payments and fees to governments to obtain permits and licenses. Here, household consumption expenditure includes the expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households, even when reported separately by the country. Data are in constant 2000 U.S. dollars."
  • Income > Household final consumption expenditure, PPP > Constant 2005 international $ per capita: Household final consumption expenditure, PPP (constant 2005 international $). Household final consumption expenditure (formerly private consumption) is the market value of all goods and services, including durable products (such as cars, washing machines, and home computers), purchased by households. It excludes purchases of dwellings but includes imputed rent for owner-occupied dwellings. It also includes payments and fees to governments to obtain permits and licenses. Here, household consumption expenditure includes the expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households, even when reported separately by the country. Data are converted to constant 2005 international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • GDP > Composition, by end use > Government consumption: This entry is derived from Economy > GDP > Composition, by end use, which shows who does the spending in an economy: consumers, businesses, government, and foreigners. The distribution gives the percentage contribution to total GDP of household consumption, government consumption, investment in fixed capital, investment in inventories, exports of goods and services, and imports of goods and services, and will total 100 percent of GDP if the data are complete.
    household consumption consists of expenditures by resident households, and by nonprofit institutions that serve households, on goods and services that are consumed by individuals. This includes consumption of both domestically produced and foreign goods and services.
    government consumption consists of government expenditures on goods and services. These figures exclude government transfer payments, such as interest on debt, unemployment, and social security, since such payments are not made in exchange for goods and services supplied.
    investment in fixed capital consists of total business spending on fixed assets, such as factories, machinery, equipment, dwellings, and inventories of raw materials, which provide the basis for future production. It is measured gross of the depreciation of the assets, i.e., it includes investment that merely replaces worn-out or scrapped capital. Earlier editions of The World Factbook referred to this concept as Investment (gross fixed) and that data now have been moved to this new field.
    investment in inventories consists of net changes to the stock of outputs that are still held by the units that produce them, awaiting further sale to an end user, such as automobiles sitting on a dealer’s lot or groceries on the store shelves. This figure may be positive or negative. If the stock of unsold output increases during the relevant time period, investment in inventories is positive, but, if the stock of unsold goods declines, it will be negative. Investment in inventories normally is an early indicator of the state of the economy. If the stock of unsold items increases unexpectedly – because people stop buying - the economy may be entering a recession; but if the stock of unsold items falls - and goods "go flying off the shelves" - businesses normally try to replace those stocks, and the economy is likely to accelerate.
    exports of goods and services consist of sales, barter, gifts, or grants of goods and services from residents to nonresidents.
    imports of goods and ...
    Full definition
  • GDP > Per $ GDP: This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States. This is the measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living conditions or use of resources across countries. The measure is difficult to compute, as a US dollar value has to be assigned to all goods and services in the country regardless of whether these goods and services have a direct equivalent in the United States (for example, the value of an ox-cart or non-US military equipment); as a result, PPP estimates for some countries are based on a small and sometimes different set of goods and services. In addition, many countries do not formally participate in the World Bank's PPP project that calculates these measures, so the resulting GDP estimates for these countries may lack precision. For many developing countries, PPP-based GDP measures are multiples of the official exchange rate (OER) measure. The difference between the OER- and PPP-denominated GDP values for most of the weathly industrialized countries are generally much smaller. Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1 $ gross domestic product.
  • Spending > Household final consumption expenditure, etc. > Current US$: Household final consumption expenditure, etc. (current US$). Household final consumption expenditure (formerly private consumption) is the market value of all goods and services, including durable products (such as cars, washing machines, and home computers), purchased by households. It excludes purchases of dwellings but includes imputed rent for owner-occupied dwellings. It also includes payments and fees to governments to obtain permits and licenses. Here, household consumption expenditure includes the expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households, even when reported separately by the country. This item also includes any statistical discrepancy in the use of resources relative to the supply of resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
  • Currency > Least valued currency unit > Exchange rate to 1 Euro: Exchange rate of some of the least valued currencies in the world with regards to the Euro, as of Jan 23, 2011.
  • Bank and trade-related lending > PPG + PNG > NFL > Current US$ per capita: Bank and trade-related lending covers commercial bank lending and other private credits. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Entrepreneurship > Starting a Business > Index ranking: Doing Business records all generic procedures that are officially required for an entrepreneur to start up and operate an industrial or commercial business. These include obtaining all necessary licenses and permits and completing any required notifications, verifications or inscriptions with relevant authorities. After a study of laws, regulations and publicly available information on business entry, a detailed list of procedures, time, cost and paid-in minimum capital requirements is developed. Subsequently, local incorporation lawyers and government officials complete and verify the data on applicable procedures, the time and cost of complying with each procedure under normal circumstances and the paid-in minimum capital. On average 4 law firms participate in each country. Information is also collected on the sequence in which procedures are to be completed and whether procedures may be carried out simultaneously. It is assumed that any required information is readily available and that all government and nongovernment agencies involved in the start-up process function efficiently and without corruption. If answers by local experts differ, inquiries continue until the data are reconciled. NOTE: This is a ranking derived from several indicators, 1 being the best (ranked first). The higher the number on this graph, the lower their overall ranking. Invert this graph by clicking on 'Amount' at the top. Consult source for details on methodology.
  • GNI > Current US$ per capita: GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • GDP > Constant 2000 US$ per capita: GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant 2000 U.S. dollars. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using 2000 official exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Gross domestic savings > Current US$: Gross domestic savings are calculated as GDP less final consumption expenditure (total consumption). Data are in current U.S. dollars.
  • Poverty and inequality > Multidimensional poverty index: Multidimensional Poverty Index.
  • Trade > Exports: The total US dollar amount of exports on an f.o.b. (free on board) basis.
  • Purchasing power parity > GDP > PPP > Current international $: PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current international dollars.
  • Gross national expenditure > Constant 2000 US$ per capita: Gross national expenditure (formerly domestic absorption) is the sum of household final consumption expenditure (formerly private consumption), general government final consumption expenditure (formerly general government consumption), and gross capital formation (formerly gross domestic investment). Data are in constant 2000 U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Entrepreneurship > Hiring and Firing > Index ranking: Every economy has established a complex system of laws and institutions intended to protect the interests of workers and to guarantee a minimum standard of living for its population. The OECD Job Study and the International Encyclopedia for Labour Law and Industrial Relations identify 4 areas subject to statutory regulation in all countries: employment, social security, industrial relations and occupational health and safety. Doing Business focuses on the regulation of employment, specifically the hiring and firing of workers and the rigidity of working hours. This year data on social security payments by the employer and pension benefits, including the mandatory retirement age, have been added. The data on hiring and firing workers are based on a detailed survey of employment and social security regulations. The survey is completed by local law firms. The employment laws of most countries are available online in the NATLEX database, published by the International Labour Organization. In all cases both actual laws and secondary sources are used to ensure accuracy. Conflicting answers are further checked against 2 additional sources, including a local legal treatise on employment regulation. NOTE: This is a ranking derived from several indicators, 1 being the best (ranked first). The higher the number on this graph, the lower their overall ranking. Invert this graph by clicking on 'Amount' at the top. Consult source for details on methodology.
  • Income > GDP, PPP > Current international $ per capita: GDP, PPP (current international $). PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current international dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Total > Reserves in months of imports: Total reserves comprise holdings of monetary gold, special drawing rights, reserves of IMF members held by the IMF, and holdings of foreign exchange under the control of monetary authorities. The gold component of these reserves is valued at year-end (December 31) London prices. This item shows reserves expressed in terms of the number of months of imports of goods and services which could be paid for.
  • Imports > Commodities: This entry provides a listing of the highest-valued imported products; it sometimes includes the percent of total dollar value.
  • Debt > Banks > Automated teller machines > ATMs > Per 100,000 adults: Automated teller machines (ATMs) (per 100,000 adults). Automated teller machines are computerized telecommunications devices that provide clients of a financial institution with access to financial transactions in a public place.
  • Inflation > Consumer price index > 2005 = 100: Consumer price index (2005 = 100). Consumer price index reflects changes in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. The Laspeyres formula is generally used.
  • GDP > Constant LCU: GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant local currency.
  • Gross domestic savings > Current US$ > Per $ GDP: Gross domestic savings are calculated as GDP less final consumption expenditure (total consumption). Data are in current U.S. dollars. Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1,000 $ gross domestic product.
  • Poverty > CPIA equity of public resource use rating > 1=low to 6=high: CPIA equity of public resource use rating (1=low to 6=high). Equity of public resource use assesses the extent to which the pattern of public expenditures and revenue collection affects the poor and is consistent with national poverty reduction priorities.
  • Poverty and inequality > Inequality adjusted income index: Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index.
  • Trade > Export growth: Annual growth rate of exports of goods and services based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2000 U.S. dollars. Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) and transfer payments."
  • Labor force per thousand people: This entry contains the total labor force figure. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
  • Trade > Imports > Imports of goods and services: GDP by Type of Expenditure at current prices - US dollars.
  • GDP > Median household income (PPP): Median Household Income $PPP.
  • Household final > Consumption expenditure per capita > Constant 2000 US$: Household final consumption expenditure per capita (private consumption per capita) is calculated using private consumption in constant 2000 prices and World Bank population estimates. Household final consumption expenditure is the market value of all goods and services, including durable products (such as cars, washing machines, and home computers), purchased by households. It excludes purchases of dwellings but includes imputed rent for owner-occupied dwellings. It also includes payments and fees to governments to obtain permits and licenses. Here, household consumption expenditure includes the expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households, even when reported separately by the country. Data are in constant 2000 U.S. dollars.
  • GNI > Atlas method > Current US$ per capita: GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current U.S. dollars. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons across economies, although an alternative rate is used when the official exchange rate is judged to diverge by an exceptionally large margin from the rate actually applied in international transactions. To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, a special Atlas method of conversion is used by the World Bank. This applies a conversion factor that averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between the country, and through 2000, the G-5 countries (France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States). From 2001, these countries include the Euro Zone, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Income > Household final consumption expenditure, PPP > Constant 2005 international $: Household final consumption expenditure, PPP (constant 2005 international $). Household final consumption expenditure (formerly private consumption) is the market value of all goods and services, including durable products (such as cars, washing machines, and home computers), purchased by households. It excludes purchases of dwellings but includes imputed rent for owner-occupied dwellings. It also includes payments and fees to governments to obtain permits and licenses. Here, household consumption expenditure includes the expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households, even when reported separately by the country. Data are converted to constant 2005 international dollars using purchasing power parity rates.
  • Income > GNI, PPP > Current international $: GNI, PPP (current international $). PPP GNI (formerly PPP GNP) is gross national income (GNI) converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GNI as a U.S. dollar has in the United States. Gross national income is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current international dollars.
  • Income > GDP, PPP > Current international $: GDP, PPP (current international $). PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current international dollars.
  • Currency > Monetary unit: Country currency.
  • Budget > Expenditures > Per $ GDP: Expenditures calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1 $ gross domestic product.
  • Taxes and other revenues: This entry records total taxes and other revenues received by the national government during the time period indicated, expressed as a percent of GDP. Taxes include personal and corporate income taxes, value added taxes, excise taxes, and tariffs. Other revenues include social contributions - such as payments for social security and hospital insurance - grants, and net revenues from public enterprises. Normalizing the data, by dividing total revenues by GDP, enables easy comparisons across countries, and provides an average rate at which all income (GDP) is paid to the national level government for the supply of public goods and services.
  • Balance of payments > Current account > Goods > Services and income > Exports > Goods and services > Current U: Exports of goods and services comprise all transactions between residents of a country and the rest of the world involving a change of ownership from residents to nonresidents of general merchandise, goods sent for processing and repairs, nonmonetary gold, and services. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
  • Balance of payments > Financial > Reserves: Changes in net reserves is the net change in a country's holdings of international reserves resulting from transactions on the current, capital, and financial accounts. These include changes in holdings of monetary gold, SDRs, foreign exchange assets, reserve position in the International Monetary Fund, and other claims on nonresidents that are available to the central authority. The measure is net of liabilities constituting foreign authorities' reserves, and counterpart items for valuation changes and exceptional financing items. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
  • Balance of payments > Current account > Balances > Current account balance > Current US$: Current account balance is the sum of net exports of goods, services, net income, and net current transfers. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
  • Debt > External debt stocks per capita: External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$). Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Oil > Proved reserves: This entry is the stock of proved reserves of crude oil in barrels (bbl). Proved reserves are those quantities of petroleum which, by analysis of geological and engineering data, can be estimated with a high degree of confidence to be commercially recoverable from a given date forward, from known reservoirs and under current economic conditions.
  • Companies > Ease of doing business index > 1=most business-friendly regulations: Ease of doing business index (1=most business-friendly regulations). Ease of doing business ranks economies from 1 to 189, with first place being the best. A high ranking (a low numerical rank) means that the regulatory environment is conducive to business operation. The index averages the country's percentile rankings on 10 topics covered in the World Bank's Doing Business. The ranking on each topic is the simple average of the percentile rankings on its component indicators.
  • Natural gas > Production: This entry is the total natural gas produced in cubic meters (cu m). The discrepancy between the amount of natural gas produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes and other complicating factors.
  • GDP deflator: The GDP implicit deflator is the ratio of GDP in current local currency to GDP in constant local currency. The base year varies by country.
  • Oil > Consumption: This entry is the total oil consumed in barrels per day (bbl/day). The discrepancy between the amount of oil produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes, refinery gains, and other complicating factors.
  • Tourism > International tourism, receipts > Current US$: International tourism, receipts (current US$). International tourism receipts are expenditures by international inbound visitors, including payments to national carriers for international transport. These receipts include any other prepayment made for goods or services received in the destination country. They also may include receipts from same-day visitors, except when these are important enough to justify separate classification. For some countries they do not include receipts for passenger transport items. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
  • Budget > Expenditures > Capital per capita: This entry includes revenues, expenditures, and capital expenditures. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Electricity > Consumption: This entry consists of total electricity generated annually plus imports and minus exports, expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution.
  • Spending > Final consumption expenditure > Constant 2000 US$ per capita: Final consumption expenditure (constant 2000 US$). Final consumption expenditure (formerly total consumption) is the sum of household final consumption expenditure (formerly private consumption) and general government final consumption expenditure (formerly general government consumption). Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Tax > GDP > Current US$: GDP (current US$). GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using single year official exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used.
  • Currency > GDP > Constant 2000 US$ per capita: GDP (constant 2000 US$). GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using 2000 official exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Net trade in goods and services > BoP > Current US$: Net trade in goods and services is derived by offsetting imports of goods and services against exports of goods and services. Exports and imports of goods and services comprise all transactions involving a change of ownership of goods and services between residents of one country and the rest of the world. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
  • Portfolio investment > Excluding LCFAR > BoP > Current US$: Portfolio investment excluding liabilities constituting foreign authorities' reserves covers transactions in equity securities and debt securities. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
  • Budget > Expenditures > Per capita: Expenditures calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
  • GDP > Composition, by end use > Investment in inventories: This entry is derived from Economy > GDP > Composition, by end use, which shows who does the spending in an economy: consumers, businesses, government, and foreigners. The distribution gives the percentage contribution to total GDP of household consumption, government consumption, investment in fixed capital, investment in inventories, exports of goods and services, and imports of goods and services, and will total 100 percent of GDP if the data are complete.
    household consumption consists of expenditures by resident households, and by nonprofit institutions that serve households, on goods and services that are consumed by individuals. This includes consumption of both domestically produced and foreign goods and services.
    government consumption consists of government expenditures on goods and services. These figures exclude government transfer payments, such as interest on debt, unemployment, and social security, since such payments are not made in exchange for goods and services supplied.
    investment in fixed capital consists of total business spending on fixed assets, such as factories, machinery, equipment, dwellings, and inventories of raw materials, which provide the basis for future production. It is measured gross of the depreciation of the assets, i.e., it includes investment that merely replaces worn-out or scrapped capital. Earlier editions of The World Factbook referred to this concept as Investment (gross fixed) and that data now have been moved to this new field.
    investment in inventories consists of net changes to the stock of outputs that are still held by the units that produce them, awaiting further sale to an end user, such as automobiles sitting on a dealer’s lot or groceries on the store shelves. This figure may be positive or negative. If the stock of unsold output increases during the relevant time period, investment in inventories is positive, but, if the stock of unsold goods declines, it will be negative. Investment in inventories normally is an early indicator of the state of the economy. If the stock of unsold items increases unexpectedly – because people stop buying - the economy may be entering a recession; but if the stock of unsold items falls - and goods "go flying off the shelves" - businesses normally try to replace those stocks, and the economy is likely to accelerate.
    exports of goods and services consist of sales, barter, gifts, or grants of goods and services from residents to nonresidents.
    imports of goods and ...
    Full definition
  • Bank and trade-related lending > PPG + PNG > NFL > Current US$: Bank and trade-related lending covers commercial bank lending and other private credits. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
  • Purchasing power parity > GNI > PPP > Current international $: PPP GNI (formerly PPP GNP) is gross national income converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GNI as a U.S. dollar has in the United States. Gross national income (GNI) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current international dollars.
  • Debt > External > Per $ GDP: Total public and private debt owed to non-residents repayable in foreign currency, goods, or services. Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1,000 $ gross domestic product.
  • GNI > PPP > Current international $: PPP GNI (formerly PPP GNP) is gross national income converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GNI as a U.S. dollar has in the United States. Gross national income (GNI) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current international dollars.
  • High-technology > Exports > Current US$: High-technology exports are products with high research and development intensity, such as in aerospace, computers, pharmaceuticals, scientific instruments, and electrical machinery. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
  • Oil > Exports per thousand people: This entry is the total oil exported in barrels per day (bbl/day), including both crude oil and oil products.
    Additional details:
    • Bahamas, The: transshipments of 41,570 bbl/day (2007)
    • Bahamas, The: transshipments of 41,610 bbl/day (2009)
    . Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
  • Final > Consumption expenditure > Etc. > Current US$: Final consumption expenditure (formerly total consumption) is the sum of household final consumption expenditure (private consumption) and general government final consumption expenditure (general government consumption). This estimate includes any statistical discrepancy in the use of resources relative to the supply of resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
  • Deposit interest rate: Deposit interest rate is the rate paid by commercial or similar banks for demand, time, or savings deposits.
  • GDP > Constant 2000 US$ > Per capita: GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant 2000 U.S. dollars. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using 2000 official exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
  • National accounts > US$ at constant 2000 prices > Aggregate indicators > GDP per capita > Constant 2000 US$: GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant U.S. dollars.
  • Income > GDP per capita, PPP > Constant 2005 international $: GDP per capita, PPP (constant 2005 international $). GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant 2005 international dollars.
  • Scientific and technical journals > Articles published: Scientific and technical journal articles refer to the number of scientific and engineering articles published in the following fields: physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, clinical medicine, biomedical research, engineering and technology, and earth and space sciences."
  • Net income > BoP > Current US$: Net income refers to receipts and payments of employee compensation paid to nonresident workers and investment income (receipts and payments on direct investment, portfolio investment, other investments, and receipts on reserve assets). Income derived from the use of intangible assets is recorded under business services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
  • Goods imports > BoP > Current US$: Goods imports refer to all movable goods (including nonmonetary gold) involved in a change of ownership from nonresidents to residents. The category includes goods previously included in services: goods received or sent for processing and their subsequent export or import in the form of processed goods, repairs on goods, and goods procured in ports by carriers. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
  • Foreign direct investment > Net > BoP > Current US$ > Per capita: Foreign direct investment is net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. This series shows total net, that is, net FDI in the reporting economy from foreign sources less net FDI by the reporting economy to the rest of the world. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Oil > Consumption per thousand people: This entry is the total oil consumed in barrels per day (bbl/day). The discrepancy between the amount of oil produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes, refinery gains, and other complicating factors. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
  • Budget > Revenues > Per $ GDP: Revenues calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1 $ gross domestic product.
  • Economic aid > Recipient per capita: This entry, which is subject to major problems of definition and statistical coverage, refers to the net inflow of Official Development Finance (ODF) to recipient countries. The figure includes assistance from the World Bank, the IMF, and other international organizations and from individual nation donors. Formal commitments of aid are included in the data. Omitted from the data are grants by private organizations. Aid comes in various forms including outright grants and loans. The entry thus is the difference between new inflows and repayments. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Natural gas > Production per capita: This entry is the total natural gas produced in cubic meters (cu m). The discrepancy between the amount of natural gas produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes and other complicating factors. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Innovation > Research and development personnel > By sector > Business enterprise sector per thousand people: Total number of researchers employed by private for-profit enterprises. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
  • Currency > DEC alternative conversion factor > LCU per US$: The DEC alternative conversion factor is the underlying annual exchange rate used for the World Bank Atlas method. As a rule, it is the official exchange rate reported in the IMF's International Financial Statistics (line rf). Exceptions arise where further refinements are made by World Bank staff. It is expressed in local currency units per U.S. dollar.
  • Labor force > By occupation > Industry: This entry is derived from Economy > Labor force > By occupation, which lists the percentage distribution of the labor force by sector of occupation. Agriculture includes farming, fishing, and forestry. Industry includes mining, manufacturing, energy production, and construction. Services cover government activities, communications, transportation, finance, and all other economic activities that do not produce material goods. The distribution will total less than 100 percent if the data are incomplete and may range from 99-101 percent due to rounding.
  • GDP > Composition, by end use > Investment in fixed capital: This entry is derived from Economy > GDP > Composition, by end use, which shows who does the spending in an economy: consumers, businesses, government, and foreigners. The distribution gives the percentage contribution to total GDP of household consumption, government consumption, investment in fixed capital, investment in inventories, exports of goods and services, and imports of goods and services, and will total 100 percent of GDP if the data are complete.
    household consumption consists of expenditures by resident households, and by nonprofit institutions that serve households, on goods and services that are consumed by individuals. This includes consumption of both domestically produced and foreign goods and services.
    government consumption consists of government expenditures on goods and services. These figures exclude government transfer payments, such as interest on debt, unemployment, and social security, since such payments are not made in exchange for goods and services supplied.
    investment in fixed capital consists of total business spending on fixed assets, such as factories, machinery, equipment, dwellings, and inventories of raw materials, which provide the basis for future production. It is measured gross of the depreciation of the assets, i.e., it includes investment that merely replaces worn-out or scrapped capital. Earlier editions of The World Factbook referred to this concept as Investment (gross fixed) and that data now have been moved to this new field.
    investment in inventories consists of net changes to the stock of outputs that are still held by the units that produce them, awaiting further sale to an end user, such as automobiles sitting on a dealer’s lot or groceries on the store shelves. This figure may be positive or negative. If the stock of unsold output increases during the relevant time period, investment in inventories is positive, but, if the stock of unsold goods declines, it will be negative. Investment in inventories normally is an early indicator of the state of the economy. If the stock of unsold items increases unexpectedly – because people stop buying - the economy may be entering a recession; but if the stock of unsold items falls - and goods "go flying off the shelves" - businesses normally try to replace those stocks, and the economy is likely to accelerate.
    exports of goods and services consist of sales, barter, gifts, or grants of goods and services from residents to nonresidents.
    imports of goods and ...
    Full definition
    .
  • Budget > Expenditures > Capital: This entry includes revenues, expenditures, and capital expenditures. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms.
  • Trade > Imports > Goods and services > BoP > Current US$ > Per $ GDP: Imports of goods and services comprise all transactions between residents of a country and the rest of the world involving a change of ownership from nonresidents to residents of general merchandise, goods sent for processing and repairs, nonmonetary gold, and services. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1 $ gross domestic product.
  • Foreign direct investment > Net > BoP > Current US$: Foreign direct investment is net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. This series shows total net, that is, net FDI in the reporting economy from foreign sources less net FDI by the reporting economy to the rest of the world. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
  • Poverty and inequality > Population vulnerable to poverty > Proportion: Multidimensional Poverty Index.
  • Poverty and inequality > Causes of poverty > Health: Percentage health counts for in the country's total Multidimensional Poverty Index (UN). For instance, health is 40% of Senegal's poverty issues, while the remaining 60% is for living standards and education. Cross country comparisons based off these numbers aren't an accurate telling of how bad health issues are between countries, but rather how much of an issue health concerns are in each country.
  • Reserves > Total reserves minus gold > Current US$: Total reserves minus gold (current US$). Total reserves minus gold comprise special drawing rights, reserves of IMF members held by the IMF, and holdings of foreign exchange under the control of monetary authorities. Gold holdings are excluded. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
  • Spending > Household final consumption expenditure > Constant 2000 US$ per capita: Household final consumption expenditure (constant 2000 US$). Household final consumption expenditure (formerly private consumption) is the market value of all goods and services, including durable products (such as cars, washing machines, and home computers), purchased by households. It excludes purchases of dwellings but includes imputed rent for owner-occupied dwellings. It also includes payments and fees to governments to obtain permits and licenses. Here, household consumption expenditure includes the expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households, even when reported separately by the country. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Spending > Final consumption expenditure > Constant 2000 US$: Final consumption expenditure (constant 2000 US$). Final consumption expenditure (formerly total consumption) is the sum of household final consumption expenditure (formerly private consumption) and general government final consumption expenditure (formerly general government consumption). Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars.
  • Savings > Gross domestic savings > Current US$: Gross domestic savings (current US$). Gross domestic savings are calculated as GDP less final consumption expenditure (total consumption). Data are in current U.S. dollars.
  • Financial sector > Exchange rates and prices > GDP deflator > Base year varies by country: The GDP implicit deflator is the ratio of GDP in current local currency to GDP in constant local currency. The base year varies by country.
  • World Bank exchange rate: The DEC alternative conversion factor is the underlying annual exchange rate used for the World Bank Atlas method. As a rule, it is the official exchange rate reported in the IMF's International Financial Statistics (line rf). Exceptions arise where further refinements are made by World Bank staff. It is expressed in local currency units per U.S. dollar."
  • Balance of payments > Current account > Balances > Net trade in goods > US$: Net trade in goods is the difference between exports and imports of goods. The category includes goods previously included in services: goods received or sent for processing and their subsequent export or import in the form of processed goods, repairs on goods, and goods procured in ports by carriers. Trade in services is not included. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
  • Trade > Exports > Goods: Goods imports refer to all movable goods (including nonmonetary gold) involved in a change of ownership from nonresidents to residents. The category includes goods previously included in services: goods received or sent for processing and their subsequent export or import in the form of processed goods, repairs on goods, and goods procured in ports by carriers. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
  • Electricity > Production: This entry is the annual electricity generated expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution.
  • Private investment > Telecommunications: Investment in telecom projects with private participation covers infrastructure projects in telecommunications that have reached financial closure and directly or indirectly serve the public. Movable assets are excluded. The types of projects included are operations and management contracts, operations and management contracts with major capital expenditure, greenfield projects (in which a private entity or a public-private joint venture builds and operates a new facility), and divestitures. Investment commitments are the sum of investments in facilities and investments in government assets. Investments in facilities are the resources the project company commits to invest during the contract period either in new facilities or in expansion and modernisation of existing facilities. Investments in government assets are the resources the project company spends on acquiring government assets such as state-owned enterprises, rights to provide services in a specific area, or the use of specific radio spectrums. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
  • Debt > Interest payments on external debt, long-term > INT, current US$ per capita: Interest payments on external debt, long-term (INT, current US$). Interest payments on long-term debt are actual amounts of interest paid by the borrower in currency, goods, or services in the year specified. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Electricity > Imports per capita: This entry is the total imported electricity in kilowatt-hours. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Household final > Consumption expenditure > Constant 2000 US$ per capita: Household final consumption expenditure (formerly private consumption) is the market value of all goods and services, including durable products (such as cars, washing machines, and home computers), purchased by households. It excludes purchases of dwellings but includes imputed rent for owner-occupied dwellings. It also includes payments and fees to governments to obtain permits and licenses. Here, household consumption expenditure includes the expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households, even when reported separately by the country. Data are in constant 2000 U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Gross fixed capital formation > Current US$ per capita: Gross fixed capital formation (formerly gross domestic fixed investment) includes land improvements (fences, ditches, drains, and so on); plant, machinery, and equipment purchases; and the construction of roads, railways, and the like, including schools, offices, hospitals, private residential dwellings, and commercial and industrial buildings. According to the 1993 SNA, net acquisitions of valuables are also considered capital formation. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Gross national expenditure > Current US$ > Per $ GDP: Gross national expenditure (formerly domestic absorption) is the sum of household final consumption expenditure (formerly private consumption), general government final consumption expenditure (formerly general government consumption), and gross capital formation (formerly gross domestic investment). Data are in current U.S. dollars. Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1 $ gross domestic product.
  • Foreign aid > International assistance received per capita: Net official development assistance (ODA) per capita consists of disbursements of loans made on concessional terms (net of repayments of principal) and grants by official agencies of the members of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC), by multilateral institutions, and by non-DAC countries to promote economic development and welfare in countries and territories in the DAC list of ODA recipients; and is calculated by dividing net ODA received by the midyear population estimate. It includes loans with a grant element of at least 25 percent (calculated at a rate of discount of 10 percent). Data are in current U.S. dollars."
  • Foreign aid > From Switzerland: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors are the net disbursements of official development assistance (ODA) or official aid from the members of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC). Net disbursements are gross disbursements of grants and loans minus repayments of principal on earlier loans. ODA consists of loans made on concessional terms (with a grant element of at least 25 percent, calculated at a rate of discount of 10 percent) and grants made to promote economic development and welfare in countries and territories in the DAC list of ODA recipients. Official aid refers to aid flows from official donors to countries and territories in part II of the DAC list of recipients: more advanced countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the countries of the former Soviet Union, and certain advanced developing countries and territories. Official aid is provided under terms and conditions similar to those for ODA. Part II of the DAC List was abolished in 2005. The collection of data on official aid and other resource flows to Part II countries ended with 2004 data. DAC members are Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States, and Commission of the European Communities. Regional aggregates include data for economies not specified elsewhere. World and income group totals include aid not allocated by country or region. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
  • Foreign aid > Net Foreign aid received > Current US$: Net official development assistance (ODA) consists of disbursements of loans made on concessional terms (net of repayments of principal) and grants by official agencies of the members of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC), by multilateral institutions, and by non-DAC countries to promote economic development and welfare in countries and territories in the DAC list of ODA recipients. It includes loans with a grant element of at least 25 percent (calculated at a rate of discount of 10 percent). Data are in current U.S. dollars."
  • Patent applications > Residents: Patent applications are worldwide patent applications filed through the Patent Cooperation Treaty procedure or with a national patent office for exclusive rights for an invention--a product or process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem. A patent provides protection for the invention to the owner of the patent for a limited period, generally 20 years."
  • Foreign aid > From United States: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors are the net disbursements of official development assistance (ODA) or official aid from the members of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC). Net disbursements are gross disbursements of grants and loans minus repayments of principal on earlier loans. ODA consists of loans made on concessional terms (with a grant element of at least 25 percent, calculated at a rate of discount of 10 percent) and grants made to promote economic development and welfare in countries and territories in the DAC list of ODA recipients. Official aid refers to aid flows from official donors to countries and territories in part II of the DAC list of recipients: more advanced countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the countries of the former Soviet Union, and certain advanced developing countries and territories. Official aid is provided under terms and conditions similar to those for ODA. Part II of the DAC List was abolished in 2005. The collection of data on official aid and other resource flows to Part II countries ended with 2004 data. DAC members are Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States, and Commission of the European Communities. Regional aggregates include data for economies not specified elsewhere. World and income group totals include aid not allocated by country or region. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
  • GNI > Atlas method > Current US$ > Per capita: GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current U.S. dollars. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons across economies, although an alternative rate is used when the official exchange rate is judged to diverge by an exceptionally large margin from the rate actually applied in international transactions. To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, a special Atlas method of conversion is used by the World Bank. This applies a conversion factor that averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between the country, and through 2000, the G-5 countries (France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States). From 2001, these countries include the Euro Zone, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
  • Income > GNI per capita, PPP > Constant 2005 international $: GNI per capita, PPP (constant 2005 international $). GNI per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP GNI is gross national income (GNI) converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GNI as a U.S. dollar has in the United States. GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in constant 2005 international dollars.
  • Income > GNI, PPP > Constant 2005 international $: GNI, PPP (constant 2005 international $). PPP GNI (formerly PPP GNP) is gross national income (GNI) converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GNI as a U.S. dollar has in the United States. Gross national income is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in constant 2005 international dollars.
  • Income > GDP, PPP > Constant 2005 international $ per capita: GDP, PPP (constant 2005 international $). PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant 2005 international dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • International tourism > Receipts > Current US$: International tourism receipts are expenditures by international inbound visitors, including payments to national carriers for international transport. These receipts should include any other prepayment made for goods or services received in the destination country. They also may include receipts from same-day visitors, except in cases where these are so important as to justify a separate classification. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
  • Oil > Production per thousand people: This entry is the total oil produced in barrels per day (bbl/day). The discrepancy between the amount of oil produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes, refinery gains, and other complicating factors. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
  • Gross savings > Current US$ per capita: Gross savings are calculated as gross national income less total consumption, plus net transfers. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Innovation > Patent applications, residents: Patent applications, residents. Patent applications are worldwide patent applications filed through the Patent Cooperation Treaty procedure or with a national patent office for exclusive rights for an invention--a product or process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem. A patent provides protection for the invention to the owner of the patent for a limited period, generally 20 years.
  • Innovation > Patent applications, nonresidents per million: Patent applications, nonresidents. Patent applications are worldwide patent applications filed through the Patent Cooperation Treaty procedure or with a national patent office for exclusive rights for an invention--a product or process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem. A patent provides protection for the invention to the owner of the patent for a limited period, generally 20 years. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Trade > Exports > Export growth in USD: Export values are the current value of exports (f.o.b.) converted to U.S. dollars and expressed as a percentage of the average for the base period (2000). UNCTAD's export value indexes are reported for most economies. For selected economies for which UNCTAD does not publish data, the export value indexes are derived from export volume indexes (line 72) and corresponding unit value indexes of exports (line 74) in the IMF's International Financial Statistics."
  • IBRD loans and IDA credits > PPG DOD > Current US$: IBRD loans and IDA credits are extended by the World Bank Group. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) lends at market rates. Credits from the International Development Association (IDA) are at concessional rates. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
  • Innovation > Scientific and technical journal articles: Scientific and technical journal articles. Scientific and technical journal articles refer to the number of scientific and engineering articles published in the following fields: physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, clinical medicine, biomedical research, engineering and technology, and earth and space sciences.
  • GDP > PPP > Current international $ per capita: PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current international dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Poverty and inequality > Population in multidimensional poverty > Proportion: Multidimensional Poverty Index.
  • Poverty and inequality > Population below national poverty line > Urban: Percentage of country's population that lives in urban poverty. The poverty line is determined by each country separately.
  • Transnational corporations > Affiliates: Number of foreign affiliates to transnational corporations
  • Imports > Partners: This entry provides a rank ordering of trading partners starting with the most important; it sometimes includes the percent of total dollar value.
  • Oil > Imports per thousand people: This entry is the total oil imported in barrels per day (bbl/day), including both crude oil and oil products. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
  • Oil > Imports: This entry is the total oil imported in barrels per day (bbl/day), including both crude oil and oil products.
  • Electricity > Production per capita: This entry is the annual electricity generated expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • GDP growth > Duration 1975-2000: GDP per capita annual growth rate (%) from 1975 to 2000
  • Poverty > Poverty gap at urban poverty line: Poverty gap at urban poverty line is the mean shortfall from the poverty line (counting the nonpoor as having zero shortfall) as a percentage of
  • Trade balance with US: In US dollars. Jan 2003 - March 2003
  • Merchandise > Exports > Current US$: Merchandise exports show the f.o.b. value of goods provided to the rest of the world valued in U.S. dollars. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
  • Household final > Consumption expenditure > Etc. > Constant 2000 US$ per capita: Household final consumption expenditure (formerly private consumption) is the market value of all goods and services, including durable products (such as cars, washing machines, and home computers), purchased by households. It excludes purchases of dwellings but includes imputed rent for owner-occupied dwellings. It also includes payments and fees to governments to obtain permits and licenses. Here, household consumption expenditure includes the expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households, even when reported separately by the country. This item also includes any statistical discrepancy in the use of resources relative to the supply of resources. Data are in constant 2000 U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Household final > Consumption expenditure > Current US$: Household final consumption expenditure (formerly private consumption) is the market value of all goods and services, including durable products (such as cars, washing machines, and home computers), purchased by households. It excludes purchases of dwellings but includes imputed rent for owner-occupied dwellings. It also includes payments and fees to governments to obtain permits and licenses. Here, household consumption expenditure includes the expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households, even when reported separately by the country. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
  • Household final > Consumption expenditure > Current US$ > Per capita: Household final consumption expenditure (formerly private consumption) is the market value of all goods and services, including durable products (such as cars, washing machines, and home computers), purchased by households. It excludes purchases of dwellings but includes imputed rent for owner-occupied dwellings. It also includes payments and fees to governments to obtain permits and licenses. Here, household consumption expenditure includes the expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households, even when reported separately by the country. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
  • Trade > Exports > Goods and services > Constant 2000 US$: Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude labor and property income (formerly called factor services) as well as transfer payments. Data are in constant 2000 U.S. dollars.
  • Gross fixed capital formation > Current US$: Gross fixed capital formation (formerly gross domestic fixed investment) includes land improvements (fences, ditches, drains, and so on); plant, machinery, and equipment purchases; and the construction of roads, railways, and the like, including schools, offices, hospitals, private residential dwellings, and commercial and industrial buildings. According to the 1993 SNA, net acquisitions of valuables are also considered capital formation. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
  • Services > Etc. > Value added > Constant 2000 US$: Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant 2000 U.S. dollars.
  • Gross national expenditure > Constant 2000 US$: Gross national expenditure (formerly domestic absorption) is the sum of household final consumption expenditure (formerly private consumption), general government final consumption expenditure (formerly general government consumption), and gross capital formation (formerly gross domestic investment). Data are in constant 2000 U.S. dollars.
  • Tax > Time to prepare and pay taxes > Hours: Time to prepare and pay taxes is the time, in hours per year, it takes to prepare, file, and pay (or withhold) three major types of taxes: the corporate income tax, the value added or sales tax, and labor taxes, including payroll taxes and social security contributions."
  • Financial sector > Monetary holdings > Liabilities > Money and quasi money > M2 > Current LCU: Money and quasi money comprise the sum of currency outside banks, demand deposits other than those of the central government, and the time, savings, and foreign currency deposits of resident sectors other than the central government. This definition of money supply is frequently called M2; it corresponds to lines 34 and 35 in the International Monetary Fund's (IMF) International Financial Statistics (IFS). Data are in current local currency."
  • Balance of payments > Capital and financial account > Net errors and omissions > Adjusted > BoP > Current US$: Net errors and omissions constitute a residual category needed to ensure that all debit and credit entries in the balance of payments statement sum to zero. In the International Financial Statistics presentation, this is equal to the difference between reserves and related items and the sum of the balances of the current, capital, and financial accounts. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
  • Balance of payments > Current account > Goods > Services and income > Exports of goods > Services > Income and wo: Exports of goods and services are the total value of goods and services exported as well as income and workers' remittances received. Workers' remittances include compensation of employees. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
  • Foreign direct investment > Net > BoP > Current US$ > Per $ GDP: Foreign direct investment is net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. This series shows total net, that is, net FDI in the reporting economy from foreign sources less net FDI by the reporting economy to the rest of the world. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1,000 $ gross domestic product.
  • Trade > Imports of goods > Services and income > BoP > Current US$ per capita: Imports of goods, services and income is the sum of goods (merchandise) imports, imports of (nonfactor) services and income (factor) payments. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Commercial service imports > Current US$ > Per capita: Commercial service imports are total service imports minus imports of government services not included elsewhere. International transactions in services are defined by the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (1993) as the economic output of intangible commodities that may be produced, transferred, and consumed at the same time. Definitions may vary among reporting economies. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
  • Net income > BoP > Current US$ per million: Net income refers to receipts and payments of employee compensation paid to nonresident workers and investment income (receipts and payments on direct investment, portfolio investment, other investments, and receipts on reserve assets). Income derived from the use of intangible assets is recorded under business services. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Commercial service imports > Current US$: Commercial service imports are total service imports minus imports of government services not included elsewhere. International transactions in services are defined by the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (1993) as the economic output of intangible commodities that may be produced, transferred, and consumed at the same time. Definitions may vary among reporting economies.
  • Natural gas > Proved reserves per capita: This entry is the stock of proved reserves of natural gas in cubic meters (cu m). Proved reserves are those quantities of natural gas, which, by analysis of geological and engineering data, can be estimated with a high degree of confidence to be commercially recoverable from a given date forward, from known reservoirs and under current economic conditions. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Natural gas > Proved reserves: This entry is the stock of proved reserves of natural gas in cubic meters (cu m). Proved reserves are those quantities of natural gas, which, by analysis of geological and engineering data, can be estimated with a high degree of confidence to be commercially recoverable from a given date forward, from known reservoirs and under current economic conditions.
  • Natural gas > Consumption: This entry is the total natural gas consumed in cubic meters (cu m). The discrepancy between the amount of natural gas produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes and other complicating factors.
  • Public and publicly guaranteed debt service > TDS > Current US$: Public and publicly guaranteed debt service (PPG) is the sum of principal repayments and interest actually paid in foreign currency, goods, or services on long-term obligations of public debtors and long-term private obligations guaranteed by a public entity. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
  • External debt > Debt outstanding > Use of IMF credit > DOD > Current US$: Use of IMF credit denotes members' drawings on the IMF other than those drawn against the country's reserve tranche position. Use of IMF credit includes purchases and drawings under Stand-By, Extended, Structural Adjustment, Enhanced Structural Adjustment, and Systemic Transformation Facility Arrangements, together with Trust Fund loans. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
  • Balance of payments > Capital and financial account > Foreign direct investment > Net inflows in reporting econ: Foreign direct investment (net) shows the net change in foreign investment in the reporting country. Foreign direct investment is defined as investment that is made to acquire a lasting management interest (usually of 10 percent of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in a country other than that of the investor (defined according to residency), the investor's purpose being an effective voice in the management of the enterprise. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. This series shows net inflows in the reporting economy. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
  • Tourism > International tourism, expenditures > Current US$: International tourism, expenditures (current US$). International tourism expenditures are expenditures of international outbound visitors in other countries, including payments to foreign carriers for international transport. These expenditures may include those by residents traveling abroad as same-day visitors, except in cases where these are important enough to justify separate classification. For some countries they do not include expenditures for passenger transport items. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
  • Companies > Ease of doing business index > 1=most business-friendly regulations per million: Ease of doing business index (1=most business-friendly regulations). Ease of doing business ranks economies from 1 to 189, with first place being the best. A high ranking (a low numerical rank) means that the regulatory environment is conducive to business operation. The index averages the country's percentile rankings on 10 topics covered in the World Bank's Doing Business. The ranking on each topic is the simple average of the percentile rankings on its component indicators. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Tourism receipts > International > Per $ GDP: Per $ GDP figures expressed per $1,000 gross domestic product
  • GDP > PPP > Constant 2000 international $ > Per capita: PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant 2000 international dollars. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
  • GDP > PPP > Current international $ > Per capita: PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current international dollars. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
  • Foreign aid > From European Commission: Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors are the net disbursements of official development assistance (ODA) or official aid from the members of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC). Net disbursements are gross disbursements of grants and loans minus repayments of principal on earlier loans. ODA consists of loans made on concessional terms (with a grant element of at least 25 percent, calculated at a rate of discount of 10 percent) and grants made to promote economic development and welfare in countries and territories in the DAC list of ODA recipients. Official aid refers to aid flows from official donors to countries and territories in part II of the DAC list of recipients: more advanced countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the countries of the former Soviet Union, and certain advanced developing countries and territories. Official aid is provided under terms and conditions similar to those for ODA. Part II of the DAC List was abolished in 2005. The collection of data on official aid and other resource flows to Part II countries ended with 2004 data. DAC members are Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States, and Commission of the European Communities. Regional aggregates include data for economies not specified elsewhere. World and income group totals include aid not allocated by country or region. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
  • Trade > Exports > Per $ GDP: The total US dollar amount of exports on an f.o.b. (free on board) basis. Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1 $ gross domestic product.
  • Tax > Tax payments > Number per million: Tax payments (number). Tax payments by businesses are the total number of taxes paid by businesses, including electronic filing. The tax is counted as paid once a year even if payments are more frequent. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Purchasing power parity > GDP > PPP > Constant 2005 international $: PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant 2005 international dollars.
  • Purchasing power parity > PPP conversion factor > Private > Consumption > LCU per international $: Purchasing power parity conversion factor is the number of units of a country's currency required to buy the same amounts of goods and services in the domestic market as U.S. dollar would buy in the United States. This conversion factor is for private consumption (i.e., household final consumption expenditure)."
  • Trade > Exports > Export growth: Export volume indexes are derived from UNCTAD's volume index series and are the ratio of the export value indexes to the corresponding unit value indexes. Unit value indexes are based on data reported by countries that demonstrate consistency under UNCTAD quality controls, supplemented by UNCTAD's estimates using the previous year's trade values at the Standard International Trade Classification three-digit level as weights. For economies for which UNCTAD does not publish data, the export volume indexes (lines 72) in the IMF's International Financial Statistics are used."
  • Poverty > Poverty gap at rural poverty line: Poverty gap at rural poverty line is the mean shortfall from the poverty line (counting the nonpoor as having zero shortfall) as a percentage of
STAT Cambodia Vietnam HISTORY
Budget > Revenues $2.41 billion
Ranked 132nd.
$38.89 billion
Ranked 58th. 16 times more than Cambodia

Budget surplus > + or deficit > - -2.9% of GDP
Ranked 97th.
-4.2% of GDP
Ranked 127th. 45% more than Cambodia

Overview Since 2004, garments, construction, agriculture, and tourism have driven Cambodia's growth. GDP climbed more than 6% per year between 2010 and 2012. The garment industry currently employs more about 400,000 people and accounts for about 70% of Cambodia's total exports. In 2005, exploitable oil deposits were found beneath Cambodia's territorial waters, representing a potential revenue stream for the government, if commercial extraction becomes feasible. Mining also is attracting some investor interest and the government has touted opportunities for mining bauxite, gold, iron and gems. The tourism industry has continued to grow rapidly with foreign arrivals exceeding 2 million per year since 2007 and reaching over 3 million visitors in 2012. Cambodia, nevertheless, remains one of the poorest countries in Asia and long-term economic development remains a daunting challenge, inhibited by endemic corruption, limited educational opportunities, high income inequality, and poor job prospects. Approximately 4 million people live on less than $1.25 per day, and 37% of Cambodian children under the age of 5 suffer from chronic malnutrition. More than 50% of the population is less than 25 years old. The population lacks education and productive skills, particularly in the impoverished countryside, which also lacks basic infrastructure. The Cambodian Government is working with bilateral and multilateral donors, including the Asian Development Bank, the World Bank and IMF, to address the country's many pressing needs; more than 50% of the government budget comes from donor assistance. The major economic challenge for Cambodia over the next decade will be fashioning an economic environment in which the private sector can create enough jobs to handle Cambodia's demographic imbalance. Vietnam is a densely-populated developing country that has been transitioning from the rigidities of a centrally-planned economy since 1986. Vietnamese authorities have reaffirmed their commitment to economic modernization in recent years. Vietnam joined the World Trade Organization in January 2007, which has promoted more competitive, export-driven industries. Vietnam became an official negotiating partner in the Trans-Pacific Partnership trade agreement in 2010. Agriculture's share of economic output has continued to shrink from about 25% in 2000 to less than 22% in 2012, while industry's share increased from 36% to nearly 41% in the same period. State-owned enterprises account for roughly 40% of GDP. Poverty has declined significantly, and Vietnam is working to create jobs to meet the challenge of a labor force that is growing by more than one million people every year. The global recession hurt Vietnam's export-oriented economy, with GDP in 2012 growing at 5%, the slowest rate of growth since 1999. In 2012, however, exports increased by more than 18%, year-on-year; several administrative actions brought the trade deficit back into balance. Between 2008 and 2011, Vietnam's managed currency, the dong, was devalued in excess of 20%, but its value remained stable in 2012. Foreign direct investment inflows fell 4.5% to $10.5 billion in 2012. Foreign donors have pledged $6.5 billion in new development assistance for 2013. Hanoi has oscillated between promoting growth and emphasizing macroeconomic stability in recent years. In February 2011, the government shifted from policies aimed at achieving a high rate of economic growth, which had stoked inflation, to those aimed at stabilizing the economy, through tighter monetary and fiscal control. Although Vietnam unveiled a broad, "three pillar" economic reform program in early 2012, proposing the restructuring of public investment, state-owned enterprises, and the banking sector, little perceptible progress had been made by early 2013. Vietnam's economy continues to face challenges from an undercapitalized banking sector. Non-performing loans weigh heavily on banks and businesses. In September 2012, the official bad debt ratio climbed to 8.8%, though some independent analysts believe it could be higher than 15%.
Exports $6.02 billion
Ranked 102nd.
$114.60 billion
Ranked 35th. 19 times more than Cambodia

Exports per capita $404.72
Ranked 137th.
$1,290.90
Ranked 94th. 3 times more than Cambodia

GDP $14.06 billion
Ranked 112th.
$141.67 billion
Ranked 53th. 10 times more than Cambodia

GDP > Composition, by sector of origin > Services 40.4%
Ranked 159th.
41.7%
Ranked 157th. 3% more than Cambodia
GDP > Per capita $1,871.26 per capita
Ranked 144th.
$2,593.17 per capita
Ranked 131st. 39% more than Cambodia

GDP > Per capita > PPP $2,400.00
Ranked 146th.
$3,800.00
Ranked 131st. 58% more than Cambodia

GDP > Purchasing power parity per capita $2,097.47
Ranked 142nd.
$3,199.03
Ranked 127th. 53% more than Cambodia

GDP per capita $945.99
Ranked 147th.
$1,595.81
Ranked 131st. 69% more than Cambodia

Gross National Income $3.34 billion
Ranked 107th.
$32.76 billion
Ranked 51st. 10 times more than Cambodia
Inflation rate > Consumer prices 2.9%
Ranked 123th.
9.1%
Ranked 32nd. 3 times more than Cambodia

Population below poverty line 20%
Ranked 10th. 77% more than Vietnam
11.3%
Ranked 14th.

Unemployment rate 0.0
Ranked 115th.
3.2%
Ranked 100th.

Distribution of family income > Gini index 37.9
Ranked 12th. 1% more than Vietnam
37.6
Ranked 15th.

Human Development Index 0.571
Ranked 130th.
0.704
Ranked 108th. 23% more than Cambodia
Tourist arrivals > Per capita 140.5 per 1,000 people
Ranked 98th. 3 times more than Vietnam
49.4 per 1,000 people
Ranked 116th.

GDP > Purchasing power parity $36.54 billion
Ranked 103th.
$336.20 billion
Ranked 37th. 9 times more than Cambodia

Currency > PPP conversion factor to official exchange rate ratio 0.16
Ranked 153th.
0.21
Ranked 142nd. 31% more than Cambodia

Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
GDP > Composition by sector > Industry 24.3%
Ranked 124th.
40.7%
Ranked 29th. 67% more than Cambodia

Currency > Official exchange rate > LCU per US$, period average $4,033.00
Ranked 8th.
$20,828.00
Ranked 1st. 5 times more than Cambodia

Inequality > GINI index 44.2
Ranked 11th. 17% more than Vietnam
37.77
Ranked 18th.

Imports per capita $535.84
Ranked 148th.
$1,179.38
Ranked 122nd. 2 times more than Cambodia

Gross National Income per capita $267.74
Ranked 140th.
$416.70
Ranked 121st. 56% more than Cambodia
Development > Human Development Index 0.543
Ranked 138th.
0.617
Ranked 126th. 14% more than Cambodia

Population below poverty line > Per capita 2.21% per 1 million people
Ranked 10th. 13 times more than Vietnam
0.174% per 1 million people
Ranked 22nd.

GDP > Per capita > PPP per thousand people $0.16
Ranked 140th. 4 times more than Vietnam
$0.04
Ranked 171st.

Exports > Commodities clothing, timber, rubber, rice, fish, tobacco, footwear clothes, shoes, electronics, seafood, crude oil, rice, coffee, wooden products, machinery
Poverty and inequality > Richest quintile to poorest quintile ratio 7.3
Ranked 5th. 49% more than Vietnam
4.9
Ranked 11th.
Imports $7.96 billion
Ranked 107th.
$104.70 billion
Ranked 31st. 13 times more than Cambodia

Budget > Expenditures $2.82 billion
Ranked 132nd.
$45.38 billion
Ranked 55th. 16 times more than Cambodia

GINI index 41.71
Ranked 9th. 21% more than Vietnam
34.4
Ranked 12th.

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold per capita $155.89
Ranked 110th.
$283.42
Ranked 99th. 82% more than Cambodia

Debt > Net foreign assets > Current LCU 20.67 trillion
Ranked 10th.
513.33 trillion
Ranked 2nd. 25 times more than Cambodia

Tourist arrivals 2 million
Ranked 58th.
4.25 million
Ranked 42nd. 2 times more than Cambodia

Budget > Revenues > Per capita $72.52 per capita
Ranked 147th.
$218.38 per capita
Ranked 122nd. 3 times more than Cambodia

Inbound tourism income > Current US$ $1.30 billion
Ranked 74th.
$3.93 billion
Ranked 49th. 3 times more than Cambodia

GDP per person 666.8
Ranked 144th.
1,032.21
Ranked 131st. 55% more than Cambodia

Exports > Main exports Clothing, timber, rubber Petroleum, rice, coffee, clothing, fish
Budget > Revenues per capita $98.36
Ranked 133th.
$311.51
Ranked 109th. 3 times more than Cambodia

Debt > External $4.57 billion
Ranked 121st.
$63.95 billion
Ranked 56th. 14 times more than Cambodia

Gross domestic savings > Current US$ per capita 50.4$
Ranked 102nd.
192.12$
Ranked 85th. 4 times more than Cambodia

Central bank discount rate 5.25%
Ranked 82nd.
9%
Ranked 6th. 71% more than Cambodia

Debt > External > Per capita $277.94 per capita
Ranked 105th. 9% more than Vietnam
$256.03 per capita
Ranked 109th.

GDP > Composition by sector > Services 41%
Ranked 154th. 9% more than Vietnam
37.7%
Ranked 163th.

Tax > GDP > Constant LCU 34.92 trillion
Ranked 10th.
2,412.78 trillion
Ranked 2nd. 69 times more than Cambodia

Tourism > International tourism, number of arrivals per capita 0.197
Ranked 100th. 3 times more than Vietnam
0.0685
Ranked 126th.

International tourism > Receipts > Current US$ > Per $ GDP 149.82$ per $1,000 of GDP
Ranked 12th. 4 times more than Vietnam
35.87$ per $1,000 of GDP
Ranked 57th.

Consumer spending 73.74
Ranked 45th. 12% more than Vietnam
65.92
Ranked 63th.

Consumer price index 114.03%
Ranked 100th.
124.38%
Ranked 65th. 9% more than Cambodia

GDP > Composition by sector > Agriculture 34.7%
Ranked 17th. 61% more than Vietnam
21.5%
Ranked 43th.

GDP per capita > PPP > Current international $ 2,727.28 PPP $
Ranked 109th.
3,071.03 PPP $
Ranked 107th. 13% more than Cambodia

Industries tourism, garments, construction, rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles food processing, garments, shoes, machine-building; mining, coal, steel; cement, chemical fertilizer, glass, tires, oil, mobile phones
Population below poverty line > Per $ GDP 7,599.12% per $1 trillion of GD
Ranked 15th. 18 times more than Vietnam
430.49% per $1 trillion of GD
Ranked 33th.

GDP > Composition, by end use > Imports of goods and services -71.9%
Ranked 147th.
-91.7%
Ranked 173th. 28% more than Cambodia
GDP per capita > Constant LCU 1550163 4723108
Balance of payments > Capital and financial account > Foreign direct investment > Net inflows > BoP > Current US $530.15 million
Ranked 90th.
$7.60 billion
Ranked 28th. 14 times more than Cambodia

Labor force 7
Ranked 139th.
52
Ranked 58th. 7 times more than Cambodia

Poverty and inequality > Population below $1 (PPP) per day $18.60%
Ranked 5th. 10% more than Vietnam
$16.85%
Ranked 11th.

GDP > Real growth rate 7.3%
Ranked 25th. 40% more than Vietnam
5.2%
Ranked 56th.

Debt > Government debt > Gross government debt, share of GDP 28.5 IMF
Ranked 133th.
52.1 IMF
Ranked 64th. 83% more than Cambodia
International tourism > Number of arrivals 1.42 million
Ranked 63th.
3.47 million
Ranked 43th. 2 times more than Cambodia

Economic growth > Per capita -3.49
Ranked 113th.
4.03
Ranked 15th.

Foreign direct investment > Net > BoP > Current US$ per capita 27.92 BoP $
Ranked 78th. 22% more than Vietnam
22.93 BoP $
Ranked 80th.

GDP per capita > Constant 2000 US$ 402.25 constant 2000 US$
Ranked 136th.
538 constant 2000 US$
Ranked 123th. 34% more than Cambodia

Economic freedom 58.5
Ranked 95th. 15% more than Vietnam
51
Ranked 140th.

GDP > Official exchange rate per capita $790.81
Ranked 149th.
$1,173.32
Ranked 137th. 48% more than Cambodia

Current account balance $-1,208,000,000.00
Ranked 109th.
$9.06 billion
Ranked 26th.

Agriculture > Products rice, rubber, corn, vegetables, cashews, cassava (manioc), silk paddy rice, coffee, rubber, tea, pepper, soybeans, cashews, sugar cane, peanuts, bananas; poultry; fish, seafood
Trade > Imports per capita $418.03
Ranked 115th.
$969.72
Ranked 92nd. 2 times more than Cambodia

Currency riel dong
Current account balance > BoP > Current US$ per capita -26.637 BoP $
Ranked 65th.
2.63 BoP $
Ranked 48th.

GNI per capita $820.00
Ranked 61st.
$1,270.00
Ranked 84th. 55% more than Cambodia
GDP > Purchasing power parity > Per capita $1,871.26 per capita
Ranked 144th.
$2,593.17 per capita
Ranked 131st. 39% more than Cambodia

Trade > Exports per capita $326.28
Ranked 112th.
$828.57
Ranked 90th. 3 times more than Cambodia

Current account balance per capita 0.0
Ranked 104th.
0.0
Ranked 78th.

Money and quasi money > M2 > Current LCU 4667150000000 648573800000000
Tourism > International tourism, number of arrivals 2.88 million
Ranked 58th.
6.01 million
Ranked 42nd. 2 times more than Cambodia

Gross national saving 9.1% of GDP
Ranked 129th.
39% of GDP
Ranked 14th. 4 times more than Cambodia

Tax > GDP > Constant LCU per capita 2.35 million
Ranked 13th.
27.18 million
Ranked 1st. 12 times more than Cambodia

Retail > Gross value added by wholesale, retail trade, restaurants and hotels 1.91 billion
Ranked 117th.
26.21 billion
Ranked 48th. 14 times more than Cambodia

Household final > Consumption expenditure > Current US$ per capita 392.5$
Ranked 110th.
404.74$
Ranked 107th. 3% more than Cambodia

Budget > Expenditures per capita $144.73
Ranked 131st.
$341.07
Ranked 111th. 2 times more than Cambodia

Reserves > Total reserves > Includes gold, current US$ $4.93 billion
Ranked 89th.
$25.57 billion
Ranked 52nd. 5 times more than Cambodia

Stock of broad money None None
Exchange rates riels (KHR) per US dollar -<br />4,033 (2012 est.)<br />4,058.5 (2011 est.)<br />4,184.9 (2010 est.)<br />4,139 (2009)<br />4,070.94 (2008) dong (VND) per US dollar -<br />20,859 (2012 est.)<br />20,649 (2011 est.)<br />18,612.92 (2010 est.)<br />17,799.6 (2009)<br />16,548.3 (2008)
Debt > External per capita $282.96
Ranked 104th. 9% more than Vietnam
$259.20
Ranked 107th.

Size of economy > Share of world GDP 0.01%
Ranked 123th.
0.1%
Ranked 59th. 10 times more than Cambodia
Gross fixed capital formation > Current US$ > Per $ GDP 0.176$ per $1 of GDP
Ranked 118th.
0.331$ per $1 of GDP
Ranked 10th. 88% more than Cambodia

Exports > Partners US 32.6%, UK 8.3%, Germany 7.7%, Canada 7.7%, Singapore 6.6%, Vietnam 5.7%, Japan 4.7% US 17.8%, Japan 11.8%, China 11.2%, South Korea 5%, Malaysia 4.1%
Aid per capita > Current US$ 38.22$
Ranked 74th. 67% more than Vietnam
22.92$
Ranked 89th.

GDP > Official exchange rate $13.93 billion
Ranked 120th.
$153.50 billion
Ranked 57th. 11 times more than Cambodia

GDP per capita > PPP > Constant 2000 international $ 2,426.34 PPP 2000 $
Ranked 109th.
2,732.16 PPP 2000 $
Ranked 107th. 13% more than Cambodia

Investment > Gross fixed 19.1% of GDP
Ranked 107th.
28.2% of GDP
Ranked 25th. 48% more than Cambodia

Interest rate spread > Lending rate minus deposit rate 15.42%
Ranked 11th. 4 times more than Vietnam
3.88%
Ranked 110th.

Income receipts > BoP > Current US$ per capita 5.07 BoP $
Ranked 111th. 15% more than Vietnam
4.42 BoP $
Ranked 114th.

Bank liquid > Reserves to bank assets ratio 33.84
Ranked 16th. 5 times more than Vietnam
6.29
Ranked 113th.

Stock of narrow money None None
GDP > Composition, by sector of origin > Industry 23.9%
Ranked 128th.
38.6%
Ranked 37th. 62% more than Cambodia
Debt > Net domestic credit > Current LCU 19.18 trillion
Ranked 15th.
3,404.89 trillion
Ranked 1st. 178 times more than Cambodia

Trade > Exports > Exports of goods and services > Constant 2000 US$ per capita $541.59
Ranked 93th.
$776.15
Ranked 78th. 43% more than Cambodia

Government spending 625.9 million
Ranked 82nd.
3.84 billion
Ranked 51st. 6 times more than Cambodia

Foreign direct investment > Net inflows > BoP > Current US$ per capita 28.39 BoP $
Ranked 105th. 20% more than Vietnam
23.72 BoP $
Ranked 107th.

GDP > Current LCU 25350180000000 837858000000000
High-technology > Exports > Current US$ > Per capita $309.05 per 1,000 people
Ranked 119th.
$27,867.35 per 1,000 people
Ranked 59th. 90 times more than Cambodia

GDP > Composition, by sector of origin > Agriculture 35.7%
Ranked 16th. 81% more than Vietnam
19.7%
Ranked 50th.
Savings > Gross domestic savings > Current US$ per capita $102.57
Ranked 125th.
$539.67
Ranked 77th. 5 times more than Cambodia

Tax > Tax payments > Number 40
Ranked 39th. 25% more than Vietnam
32
Ranked 73th.

Real interest rate 10.96%
Ranked 26th. 4 times more than Vietnam
2.45%
Ranked 90th.

Gross domestic savings 1.81 billion
Ranked 85th.
25.03 billion
Ranked 46th. 14 times more than Cambodia

Inflation 141.9
Ranked 35th.
153.29
Ranked 17th. 8% more than Cambodia

Income > GNI per capita, PPP > Current international $ $2,330.00
Ranked 128th.
$3,620.00
Ranked 120th. 55% more than Cambodia

Income > GNI, PPP > Current international $ per capita $2,329.57
Ranked 128th.
$3,620.59
Ranked 120th. 55% more than Cambodia

GDP > By type of expenditure > Household consumption expenditure per capita 757.19
Ranked 168th.
1,132.09
Ranked 152nd. 50% more than Cambodia

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold $4.94 billion
Ranked 92nd.
$26.11 billion
Ranked 54th. 5 times more than Cambodia

Size of economy > GDP > GDP growth 7.26%
Ranked 24th. 44% more than Vietnam
5.03%
Ranked 55th.

GDP > Constant 2000 US$ 5.66 billion constant 2000 US$
Ranked 106th.
44.72 billion constant 2000 US$
Ranked 56th. 8 times more than Cambodia

Debt service 1.27
Ranked 119th.
6.7
Ranked 91st. 5 times more than Cambodia
Purchasing power parity conversion factor > LCU per international $ 660.58 3282.36
GDP > Composition, by end use > Household consumption 77.1%
Ranked 51st. 17% more than Vietnam
65.7%
Ranked 90th.
Current transfers > Receipts > BoP > Current US$ 460.78 million BoP $
Ranked 90th.
3.38 billion BoP $
Ranked 34th. 7 times more than Cambodia

Innovation > Patent applications, residents per million 0.267
Ranked 70th.
3.42
Ranked 71st. 13 times more than Cambodia

Debt > Net current transfers from abroad > Current LCU 2.46 trillion
Ranked 9th.
171.04 trillion
Ranked 1st. 70 times more than Cambodia

Saving rate 19.37
Ranked 53th.
29.55
Ranked 16th. 53% more than Cambodia

GDP > PPP > Constant 2000 international $ per capita 2,556.16 PPP 2000 $
Ranked 108th.
2,756.22 PPP 2000 $
Ranked 107th. 8% more than Cambodia

International tourism > Number of departures 239,000
Ranked 75th. 42% more than Vietnam
168,000
Ranked 82nd.
Net income > BoP > Current US$ > Per capita -18,054.56 BoP $ per 1,000 people
Ranked 51st. 23% more than Vietnam
-14,668.208 BoP $ per 1,000 people
Ranked 47th.

GDP > CIA Factbook $25.02 billion
Ranked 94th.
$203.70 billion
Ranked 39th. 8 times more than Cambodia

Poverty and inequality > Poorest's share in national income or consumption 7.93%
Ranked 8th. 7% more than Vietnam
7.42%
Ranked 20th.

Debt > Net foreign assets > Current LCU per capita 1.39 million
Ranked 12th.
5.78 million
Ranked 3rd. 4 times more than Cambodia

Tax > GDP > Current LCU 56.62 trillion
Ranked 16th.
3,245.42 trillion
Ranked 2nd. 57 times more than Cambodia

Tax > Average time to clear customs > Days 6.16 days
Ranked 2nd. 2 times more than Vietnam
2.51 days
Ranked 30th.
GDP > PPP per capita $2,423.92
Ranked 116th.
$2,728.12
Ranked 112th. 13% more than Cambodia
Economic aid > Recipient $698.20 million
Ranked 5th.
$5.40 billion
Ranked 2nd. 8 times more than Cambodia

GNI 9.4 billion
Ranked 105th.
85.16 billion
Ranked 52nd. 9 times more than Cambodia

Development > Human Development Index > Inequality adjusted 0.402
Ranked 90th.
0.531
Ranked 71st. 32% more than Cambodia
GDP > PPP $31.87 billion
Ranked 86th.
$222.17 billion
Ranked 37th. 7 times more than Cambodia
Tax > GDP > Current US$ per capita $944.41
Ranked 150th.
$1,755.21
Ranked 129th. 86% more than Cambodia

Trade > Exports to US $324.80 million
Ranked 62nd.
$1.05 billion
Ranked 35th. 3 times more than Cambodia
Industrial production growth rate 9.2%
Ranked 19th. 2 times more than Vietnam
4.5%
Ranked 60th.

Purchasing power parity > GDP per capita > PPP > Current international $ $1,914.99
Ranked 127th.
$2,953.07
Ranked 111th. 54% more than Cambodia

World trade > Exports 5.89 billion
Ranked 87th.
61.53 billion
Ranked 39th. 10 times more than Cambodia

Labor force > By occupation > Agriculture 55.8%
Ranked 44th. 16% more than Vietnam
48%
Ranked 51st.

Tourist arrivals by region of origin > Europe 310,006
Ranked 78th.
425,774
Ranked 65th. 37% more than Cambodia

Poverty > Poverty gap at national poverty line 7.2%
Ranked 1st. 4% more than Vietnam
6.9%
Ranked 7th.
Labor force > By occupation > Services 27.3%
Ranked 38th.
31%
Ranked 20th. 14% more than Cambodia

Lending interest rate 17.33%
Ranked 36th. 57% more than Vietnam
11.02%
Ranked 72nd.

Industrial > Production growth rate 5.7%
Ranked 59th.
14%
Ranked 10th. 2 times more than Cambodia

Poverty and inequality > Population below national poverty line > Total 30.1%
Ranked 20th. 45% more than Vietnam
20.7%
Ranked 24th.
Tax > GDP per capita > Constant LCU 2.35 million
Ranked 13th.
27.18 million
Ranked 1st. 12 times more than Cambodia

Spending > Household final consumption expenditure per capita > Constant 2000 US$ $556.45
Ranked 98th.
$652.23
Ranked 86th. 17% more than Cambodia

Income > GDP per capita, PPP > Current international $ $2,453.92
Ranked 136th.
$3,787.31
Ranked 124th. 54% more than Cambodia

Debt > Interest rates > Central bank discount rate 5.25%
Ranked 66th.
6.5%
Ranked 53th. 24% more than Cambodia
Net domestic credit > Current LCU 1931189000000 583114200000000
International tourism > Receipts > Current US$ per capita 69.4$
Ranked 75th. 3 times more than Vietnam
22.82$
Ranked 98th.

GDP > By type of expenditure > Household consumption expenditure 11.26 billion
Ranked 109th.
100.5 billion
Ranked 49th. 9 times more than Cambodia

Retail > Gross value added by wholesale, retail trade, restaurants and hotels per capita 128.81
Ranked 174th.
295.23
Ranked 145th. 2 times more than Cambodia

Household spending per capita 417.73
Ranked 82nd.
450.66
Ranked 79th. 8% more than Cambodia

Commercial bank prime lending rate 12.98%
Ranked 60th.
13.47%
Ranked 55th. 4% more than Cambodia

Current account balance > BoP > Current US$ -355,776,000 BoP $
Ranked 85th.
216.8 million BoP $
Ranked 43th.

Trade > Imports $6.00 billion
Ranked 103th.
$84.30 billion
Ranked 34th. 14 times more than Cambodia

Currency > Official exchange rate > LCU per US$ > Period average 4092.5 15858.92
GDP > CIA Factbook per capita $1,934.38
Ranked 119th.
$2,531.43
Ranked 109th. 31% more than Cambodia

Oil > Exports 0.0
Ranked 171st.
277,300 bbl/day
Ranked 41st.
Poverty and inequality > Population in severe poverty 17%
Ranked 8th. 24 times more than Vietnam
0.7%
Ranked 6th.

GDP > Composition, by end use > Exports of goods and services 67.9%
Ranked 35th.
86.2%
Ranked 17th. 27% more than Cambodia
Purchasing power parity > GNI per capita > PPP > Current international $ $1,820.00
Ranked 124th.
$2,790.00
Ranked 110th. 53% more than Cambodia

Income > Health expenditure per capita, PPP > Constant 2005 international $ $134.94
Ranked 145th.
$231.43
Ranked 126th. 72% more than Cambodia

Tax > GDP > Current LCU per capita 3.81 million
Ranked 18th.
36.56 million
Ranked 2nd. 10 times more than Cambodia

Spending > Household final consumption expenditure > Current US$ per capita $727.83
Ranked 132nd.
$1,132.09
Ranked 96th. 56% more than Cambodia

Debt > Strength of legal rights index > 0=weak to 10=strong per million 0.538
Ranked 101st. 6 times more than Vietnam
0.0901
Ranked 160th.

Oil > Production 0.0
Ranked 175th.
343,200 bbl/day
Ranked 34th.

Economy growth -1.87
Ranked 102nd.
5.32
Ranked 21st.

Trade > Exports > Exports of goods and services 8.14 billion
Ranked 104th.
124.7 billion
Ranked 34th. 15 times more than Cambodia

Purchasing power parity > Gross domestic product per capita > PPP 1,738.93
Ranked 126th.
2,681.57
Ranked 110th. 54% more than Cambodia

Electricity > Consumption per capita 111.83 kWh
Ranked 128th.
984.67 kWh
Ranked 11th. 9 times more than Cambodia

GDP > CIA Factbook > Per capita $1,849.05 per capita
Ranked 131st.
$2,517.85 per capita
Ranked 118th. 36% more than Cambodia

Household spending 6.18 billion
Ranked 72nd.
39.33 billion
Ranked 43th. 6 times more than Cambodia

Income > Household final consumption expenditure, PPP > Constant 2005 international $ per capita $1,409.80
Ranked 94th.
$1,747.26
Ranked 86th. 24% more than Cambodia

GDP > Composition, by end use > Government consumption 7.9%
Ranked 181st. 20% more than Vietnam
6.6%
Ranked 187th.
GDP > Per $ GDP $1,871.26 per $1 of GDP
Ranked 144th.
$2,593.17 per $1 of GDP
Ranked 131st. 39% more than Cambodia

Spending > Household final consumption expenditure, etc. > Current US$ $10.56 billion
Ranked 105th.
$98.67 billion
Ranked 50th. 9 times more than Cambodia

Currency > Least valued currency unit > Exchange rate to 1 Euro 5,516.47
Ranked 8th.
26,093.06
Ranked 1st. 5 times more than Cambodia
Bank and trade-related lending > PPG + PNG > NFL > Current US$ per capita -0.267$
Ranked 64th.
-0.525$
Ranked 73th. 96% more than Cambodia

Entrepreneurship > Starting a Business > Index ranking 137
Ranked 19th. 67% more than Vietnam
82
Ranked 73th.
GNI > Current US$ per capita 444.8$
Ranked 138th.
620.71$
Ranked 127th. 40% more than Cambodia

GDP > Constant 2000 US$ per capita 423.77 constant 2000 US$
Ranked 131st.
542.73 constant 2000 US$
Ranked 121st. 28% more than Cambodia

Gross domestic savings > Current US$ 673.17 million$
Ranked 98th.
15.83 billion$
Ranked 47th. 24 times more than Cambodia

Poverty and inequality > Multidimensional poverty index 0.212
Ranked 8th. 12 times more than Vietnam
0.017
Ranked 6th.

Trade > Exports $4.69 billion
Ranked 106th.
$72.03 billion
Ranked 40th. 15 times more than Cambodia

Purchasing power parity > GDP > PPP > Current international $ $28.35 billion
Ranked 97th.
$257.74 billion
Ranked 42nd. 9 times more than Cambodia

Gross national expenditure > Constant 2000 US$ per capita 464.16 constant 2000 US$
Ranked 89th.
681.3 constant 2000 US$
Ranked 80th. 47% more than Cambodia

Entrepreneurship > Hiring and Firing > Index ranking 79
Ranked 75th.
122
Ranked 32nd. 54% more than Cambodia
Income > GDP, PPP > Current international $ per capita $2,453.92
Ranked 136th.
$3,787.31
Ranked 124th. 54% more than Cambodia

Total > Reserves in months of imports 2.85
Ranked 75th. 5% more than Vietnam
2.71
Ranked 79th.

Imports > Commodities petroleum products, cigarettes, gold, construction materials, machinery, motor vehicles, pharmaceutical products machinery and equipment, petroleum products, steel products, raw materials for the clothing and shoe industries, electronics, plastics, automobiles
Debt > Banks > Automated teller machines > ATMs > Per 100,000 adults 6.66
Ranked 136th.
21.16
Ranked 107th. 3 times more than Cambodia

Inflation > Consumer price index > 2005 = 100 160.23
Ranked 57th.
216.05
Ranked 14th. 35% more than Cambodia

GDP > Constant LCU 21812370000000 392580000000000
Gross domestic savings > Current US$ > Per $ GDP 108.8$ per $1,000 of GDP
Ranked 98th.
302.04$ per $1,000 of GDP
Ranked 30th. 3 times more than Cambodia

Poverty > CPIA equity of public resource use rating > 1=low to 6=high 3.5
Ranked 38th.
4.5
Ranked 5th. 29% more than Cambodia

Poverty and inequality > Inequality adjusted income index 0.358
Ranked 93th.
0.444
Ranked 67th. 24% more than Cambodia
Trade > Export growth -6.29
Ranked 47th.
11.08
Ranked 8th.

Labor force per thousand people 0.00046
Ranked 129th.
0.000562
Ranked 96th. 22% more than Cambodia

Trade > Imports > Imports of goods and services 8.81 billion
Ranked 102nd.
119.24 billion
Ranked 33th. 14 times more than Cambodia

GDP > Median household income (PPP) $2,816.00
Ranked 114th.
$5,835.00
Ranked 89th. 2 times more than Cambodia
Household final > Consumption expenditure per capita > Constant 2000 US$ 341.38 constant 2000 US$
Ranked 96th.
348.38 constant 2000 US$
Ranked 93th. 2% more than Cambodia

GNI > Atlas method > Current US$ per capita 456.93$
Ranked 130th.
622.02$
Ranked 120th. 36% more than Cambodia

Income > Household final consumption expenditure, PPP > Constant 2005 international $ $20.59 billion
Ranked 77th.
$155.11 billion
Ranked 39th. 8 times more than Cambodia

Income > GNI, PPP > Current international $ $34.63 billion
Ranked 92nd.
$321.42 billion
Ranked 40th. 9 times more than Cambodia

Income > GDP, PPP > Current international $ $36.48 billion
Ranked 98th.
$336.22 billion
Ranked 39th. 9 times more than Cambodia

Currency > Monetary unit 1 riel = 100 sen 1 dong = 100 xu
Budget > Expenditures > Per $ GDP $0.14 per $1 of GDP
Ranked 135th.
$0.28 per $1 of GDP
Ranked 73th. 2 times more than Cambodia

Taxes and other revenues 17.3% of GDP
Ranked 157th.
25.3% of GDP
Ranked 107th. 46% more than Cambodia

Balance of payments > Current account > Goods > Services and income > Exports > Goods and services > Current U $5.93 billion
Ranked 87th.
$62.86 billion
Ranked 38th. 11 times more than Cambodia

Balance of payments > Financial > Reserves -114,998,174.39
Ranked 64th.
7.76 billion
Ranked 12th.

Balance of payments > Current account > Balances > Current account balance > Current US$ $-865,553,238.77
Ranked 94th.
$-7,440,315,000.00
Ranked 128th. 9 times more than Cambodia

Debt > External debt stocks per capita $296.88
Ranked 91st.
$658.48
Ranked 72nd. 2 times more than Cambodia

Oil > Proved reserves 0.0
Ranked 155th.
600 million bbl
Ranked 42nd.

Companies > Ease of doing business index > 1=most business-friendly regulations 137
Ranked 52nd. 38% more than Vietnam
99
Ranked 90th.

Natural gas > Production 0.0
Ranked 146th.
9.4 billion cu m
Ranked 22nd.

GDP deflator 116.22
Ranked 137th.
213.42
Ranked 68th. 84% more than Cambodia

Oil > Consumption 32,000 bbl/day
Ranked 111th.
320,000 bbl/day
Ranked 38th. 10 times more than Cambodia

Tourism > International tourism, receipts > Current US$ $1.79 billion
Ranked 74th.
$5.62 billion
Ranked 43th. 3 times more than Cambodia

Budget > Expenditures > Capital per capita $21.47
Ranked 50th.
$21.61
Ranked 49th. 1% more than Cambodia

Electricity > Consumption 1.56 billion kWh
Ranked 104th.
85.6 billion kWh
Ranked 1st. 55 times more than Cambodia

Spending > Final consumption expenditure > Constant 2000 US$ per capita $603.36
Ranked 95th.
$714.66
Ranked 84th. 18% more than Cambodia

Tax > GDP > Current US$ $14.04 billion
Ranked 113th.
$155.82 billion
Ranked 53th. 11 times more than Cambodia

Currency > GDP > Constant 2000 US$ per capita $671.64
Ranked 151st.
$985.98
Ranked 135th. 47% more than Cambodia

Net trade in goods and services > BoP > Current US$ -541,829,300 BoP $
Ranked 79th.
-1,944,200,000 BoP $
Ranked 104th. 4 times more than Cambodia

Portfolio investment > Excluding LCFAR > BoP > Current US$ -7,165,000 BoP $
Ranked 37th.
750 million BoP $
Ranked 5th.
Budget > Expenditures > Per capita $83.45 per capita
Ranked 147th.
$231.17 per capita
Ranked 123th. 3 times more than Cambodia

GDP > Composition, by end use > Investment in inventories 1%
Ranked 57th.
3.5%
Ranked 14th. 4 times more than Cambodia
Bank and trade-related lending > PPG + PNG > NFL > Current US$ -3,198,000$
Ranked 67th.
-43,284,000$
Ranked 89th. 14 times more than Cambodia

Purchasing power parity > GNI > PPP > Current international $ $27.01 billion
Ranked 93th.
$243.63 billion
Ranked 42nd. 9 times more than Cambodia

Debt > External > Per $ GDP $505.52 per $1,000 of GDP
Ranked 50th. 47% more than Vietnam
$343.61 per $1,000 of GDP
Ranked 73th.

GNI > PPP > Current international $ 36.87 billion PPP $
Ranked 79th.
249.36 billion PPP $
Ranked 37th. 7 times more than Cambodia

High-technology > Exports > Current US$ $4.26 million
Ranked 101st.
$2.38 billion
Ranked 37th. 557 times more than Cambodia

Oil > Exports per thousand people 0.0
Ranked 161st.
3.22 bbl/day
Ranked 72nd.
Final > Consumption expenditure > Etc. > Current US$ 5.51 billion$
Ranked 99th.
36.58 billion$
Ranked 50th. 7 times more than Cambodia

Deposit interest rate 1.92%
Ranked 129th.
7.14%
Ranked 41st. 4 times more than Cambodia

GDP > Constant 2000 US$ > Per capita 402.25 constant 2000 US$ per c
Ranked 137th.
538.09 constant 2000 US$ per c
Ranked 123th. 34% more than Cambodia

National accounts > US$ at constant 2000 prices > Aggregate indicators > GDP per capita > Constant 2000 US$ $505.37
Ranked 127th.
$674.16
Ranked 120th. 33% more than Cambodia

Income > GDP per capita, PPP > Constant 2005 international $ $2,149.83
Ranked 136th.
$3,317.99
Ranked 124th. 54% more than Cambodia

Scientific and technical journals > Articles published 25.5
Ranked 110th.
283.2
Ranked 58th. 11 times more than Cambodia

Net income > BoP > Current US$ -254,045,900 BoP $
Ranked 68th.
-1,219,000,000 BoP $
Ranked 96th. 5 times more than Cambodia

Goods imports > BoP > Current US$ 3.93 billion BoP $
Ranked 89th.
33.28 billion BoP $
Ranked 41st. 8 times more than Cambodia

Foreign direct investment > Net > BoP > Current US$ > Per capita 26,501.45 BoP $ per 1,000 people
Ranked 79th. 17% more than Vietnam
22,730.31 BoP $ per 1,000 people
Ranked 80th.

Oil > Consumption per thousand people 2.23 bbl/day
Ranked 172nd.
3.68 bbl/day
Ranked 156th. 65% more than Cambodia

Budget > Revenues > Per $ GDP $0.12 per $1 of GDP
Ranked 132nd.
$0.26 per $1 of GDP
Ranked 76th. 2 times more than Cambodia

Economic aid > Recipient per capita $50.79
Ranked 5th.
$64.12
Ranked 2nd. 26% more than Cambodia

Natural gas > Production per capita 0.0
Ranked 137th.
108.13 cu m
Ranked 26th.

Innovation > Research and development personnel > By sector > Business enterprise sector per thousand people 0.00889
Ranked 43th.
0.122
Ranked 32nd. 14 times more than Cambodia
Currency > DEC alternative conversion factor > LCU per US$ 4097 15987.11
Labor force > By occupation > Industry 16.9%
Ranked 107th.
21%
Ranked 68th. 24% more than Cambodia

GDP > Composition, by end use > Investment in fixed capital 16.5%
Ranked 154th.
29.7%
Ranked 35th. 80% more than Cambodia
Budget > Expenditures > Capital $291.00 million
Ranked 47th.
$1.80 billion
Ranked 25th. 6 times more than Cambodia

Trade > Imports > Goods and services > BoP > Current US$ > Per $ GDP 0.737 BoP $ per $1 of GDP
Ranked 21st. About the same as Vietnam
0.736 BoP $ per $1 of GDP
Ranked 22nd.

Foreign direct investment > Net > BoP > Current US$ 372.9 million BoP $
Ranked 63th.
1.89 billion BoP $
Ranked 32nd. 5 times more than Cambodia

Poverty and inequality > Population vulnerable to poverty > Proportion 21.4%
Ranked 4th. 3 times more than Vietnam
7.9%
Ranked 5th.

Poverty and inequality > Causes of poverty > Health 32.7%
Ranked 5th. 30% more than Vietnam
25.1%
Ranked 6th.

Reserves > Total reserves minus gold > Current US$ $4.27 billion
Ranked 89th.
$25.57 billion
Ranked 47th. 6 times more than Cambodia

Spending > Household final consumption expenditure > Constant 2000 US$ per capita $556.45
Ranked 98th.
$652.23
Ranked 86th. 17% more than Cambodia

Spending > Final consumption expenditure > Constant 2000 US$ $8.81 billion
Ranked 87th.
$63.44 billion
Ranked 52nd. 7 times more than Cambodia

Savings > Gross domestic savings > Current US$ $1.50 billion
Ranked 111th.
$47.91 billion
Ranked 44th. 32 times more than Cambodia

Financial sector > Exchange rates and prices > GDP deflator > Base year varies by country 153.88
Ranked 97th.
321.04
Ranked 37th. 2 times more than Cambodia

World Bank exchange rate 4,384.74
Ranked 8th.
18,407.95
Ranked 1st. 4 times more than Cambodia

Balance of payments > Current account > Balances > Net trade in goods > US$ $-1,573,943,291.06
Ranked 91st.
$-8,306,315,000.00
Ranked 128th. 5 times more than Cambodia

Trade > Exports > Goods 5.88 billion
Ranked 88th.
65.4 billion
Ranked 33th. 11 times more than Cambodia

Electricity > Production 1.38 billion kWh
Ranked 82nd.
97.3 billion kWh
Ranked 1st. 71 times more than Cambodia

Private investment > Telecommunications 37 million
Ranked 82nd.
0.0
Ranked 101st.

Debt > Interest payments on external debt, long-term > INT, current US$ per capita $2.97
Ranked 90th.
$13.71
Ranked 65th. 5 times more than Cambodia

Electricity > Imports per capita 26.83 kWh
Ranked 52nd.
44.75 kWh
Ranked 50th. 67% more than Cambodia
Stock of money $513.60 million
Ranked 128th.
$27.15 billion
Ranked 35th. 53 times more than Cambodia
Household final > Consumption expenditure > Constant 2000 US$ per capita 359.64 constant 2000 US$
Ranked 90th. 2% more than Vietnam
351.45 constant 2000 US$
Ranked 91st.

Gross fixed capital formation > Current US$ per capita 81.4$
Ranked 121st.
210.7$
Ranked 96th. 3 times more than Cambodia

Gross national expenditure > Current US$ > Per $ GDP 1.09$ per $1 of GDP
Ranked 59th. 3% more than Vietnam
1.05$ per $1 of GDP
Ranked 73th.

Foreign aid > International assistance received per capita 51.01
Ranked 72nd. 72% more than Vietnam
29.6
Ranked 89th.

Foreign aid > From Switzerland 3.95 million
Ranked 48th.
25.02 million
Ranked 4th. 6 times more than Cambodia

Foreign aid > Net Foreign aid received > Current US$ $742.81 million
Ranked 34th.
$2.55 billion
Ranked 3rd. 3 times more than Cambodia

Patent applications > Residents 2
Ranked 65th.
180
Ranked 50th. 90 times more than Cambodia

Foreign aid > From United States 69.78 million
Ranked 45th. 11% more than Vietnam
62.63 million
Ranked 48th.

GNI > Atlas method > Current US$ > Per capita 433.73$ per capita
Ranked 137th.
616.69$ per capita
Ranked 121st. 42% more than Cambodia

Income > GNI per capita, PPP > Constant 2005 international $ $1,918.90
Ranked 99th.
$3,165.95
Ranked 83th. 65% more than Cambodia

Income > GNI, PPP > Constant 2005 international $ $28.03 billion
Ranked 82nd.
$281.06 billion
Ranked 36th. 10 times more than Cambodia

Income > GDP, PPP > Constant 2005 international $ per capita $2,149.83
Ranked 136th.
$3,317.99
Ranked 124th. 54% more than Cambodia

International tourism > Receipts > Current US$ 927 million$
Ranked 65th.
1.88 billion$
Ranked 50th. 2 times more than Cambodia

Oil > Production per thousand people 0.0
Ranked 175th.
3.95 bbl/day
Ranked 56th.

Gross savings > Current US$ per capita 66.83$
Ranked 100th.
213.75$
Ranked 77th. 3 times more than Cambodia

Innovation > Patent applications, residents 2
Ranked 67th.
300
Ranked 44th. 150 times more than Cambodia

Innovation > Patent applications, nonresidents per million 2.41
Ranked 81st.
37.11
Ranked 38th. 15 times more than Cambodia

Trade > Exports > Export growth in USD 297.48
Ranked 41st.
385.11
Ranked 18th. 29% more than Cambodia

IBRD loans and IDA credits > PPG DOD > Current US$ 467.14 million$
Ranked 60th.
3.04 billion$
Ranked 16th. 7 times more than Cambodia

Innovation > Scientific and technical journal articles 26.9
Ranked 117th.
326.2
Ranked 61st. 12 times more than Cambodia

GDP > PPP > Current international $ per capita 2,873.2 PPP $
Ranked 108th.
3,098.07 PPP $
Ranked 107th. 8% more than Cambodia

Poverty and inequality > Population in multidimensional poverty > Proportion 45.9%
Ranked 8th. 11 times more than Vietnam
4.2%
Ranked 6th.

Poverty and inequality > Population below national poverty line > Urban 11.8%
Ranked 24th. 97% more than Vietnam
6%
Ranked 26th.
Transnational corporations > Affiliates 598
Ranked 54th.
1,544
Ranked 42nd. 3 times more than Cambodia
Imports > Partners Thailand 27.1%, Vietnam 20.3%, China 19.5%, Singapore 7.1%, Hong Kong 5.8%, South Korea 4.3% China 25.8%, South Korea 13.9%, Japan 10.4%, Singapore 6%, Thailand 5.2%, US 4.3%
Oil > Imports per thousand people 2.35 bbl/day
Ranked 133th. 12% more than Vietnam
2.1 bbl/day
Ranked 9th.

Oil > Imports 33,200 bbl/day
Ranked 93th.
182,300 bbl/day
Ranked 4th. 5 times more than Cambodia

Electricity > Production per capita 98.78 kWh
Ranked 105th.
1,119.26 kWh
Ranked 11th. 11 times more than Cambodia

GDP growth > Duration 1975-2000 1.9%
Ranked 50th.
4.8%
Ranked 9th. 3 times more than Cambodia
Poverty > Poverty gap at urban poverty line 1.2%
Ranked 7th.
1.3%
Ranked 9th. 8% more than Cambodia
Trade balance with US $-292,300,000.00
Ranked 182nd.
$-881,600,000.00
Ranked 200th. 3 times more than Cambodia
Merchandise > Exports > Current US$ 3.1 billion$
Ranked 99th.
31.62 billion$
Ranked 49th. 10 times more than Cambodia

Household final > Consumption expenditure > Etc. > Constant 2000 US$ per capita 358.63 constant 2000 US$
Ranked 84th.
453.62 constant 2000 US$
Ranked 78th. 26% more than Cambodia

Household final > Consumption expenditure > Current US$ 5.24 billion$
Ranked 97th.
33.35 billion$
Ranked 48th. 6 times more than Cambodia

Household final > Consumption expenditure > Current US$ > Per capita 372.56$ per capita
Ranked 112th.
401.28$ per capita
Ranked 109th. 8% more than Cambodia

Trade > Exports > Goods and services > Constant 2000 US$ 4.02 billion constant 2000 US$
Ranked 75th.
35.29 billion constant 2000 US$
Ranked 33th. 9 times more than Cambodia

Gross fixed capital formation > Current US$ 1.09 billion$
Ranked 111th.
17.36 billion$
Ranked 42nd. 16 times more than Cambodia

Services > Etc. > Value added > Constant 2000 US$ 2.05 billion constant 2000 US$
Ranked 100th.
16.91 billion constant 2000 US$
Ranked 47th. 8 times more than Cambodia

Gross national expenditure > Constant 2000 US$ 6.2 billion constant 2000 US$
Ranked 81st.
56.13 billion constant 2000 US$
Ranked 36th. 9 times more than Cambodia

Tax > Time to prepare and pay taxes > Hours 173
Ranked 116th.
1,050
Ranked 3rd. 6 times more than Cambodia

Financial sector > Monetary holdings > Liabilities > Money and quasi money > M2 > Current LCU 11.9 trillion
Ranked 16th.
1,345.37 trillion
Ranked 1st. 113 times more than Cambodia

Balance of payments > Capital and financial account > Net errors and omissions > Adjusted > BoP > Current US$ $-34,699,368.99
Ranked 70th.
$-12,184,720,006.25
Ranked 134th. 351 times more than Cambodia

Balance of payments > Current account > Goods > Services and income > Exports of goods > Services > Income and wo $6.12 billion
Ranked 91st.
$63.61 billion
Ranked 44th. 10 times more than Cambodia

Foreign direct investment > Net > BoP > Current US$ > Per $ GDP 60.27 BoP $ per $1,000 of GDP
Ranked 26th. 67% more than Vietnam
36.04 BoP $ per $1,000 of GDP
Ranked 47th.

Trade > Imports of goods > Services and income > BoP > Current US$ per capita 365.39 BoP $
Ranked 114th.
487.24 BoP $
Ranked 111th. 33% more than Cambodia

Commercial service imports > Current US$ > Per capita 44.06$ per capita
Ranked 125th.
63.56$ per capita
Ranked 114th. 44% more than Cambodia

Net income > BoP > Current US$ per million -19,020,502.793 BoP $
Ranked 52nd. 29% more than Vietnam
-14,794,856.39 BoP $
Ranked 47th.

Commercial service imports > Current US$ 619.92 million$
Ranked 107th.
5.28 billion$
Ranked 53th. 9 times more than Cambodia

Natural gas > Proved reserves per capita 0.0
Ranked 155th.
2,191.48 cu m
Ranked 62nd.

Natural gas > Proved reserves 0.0
Ranked 156th.
192.5 billion cu m
Ranked 44th.

Natural gas > Consumption 0.0
Ranked 154th.
10.3 billion cu m
Ranked 30th.

External debt > Date of information 2006 est. 2006 est.
Public and publicly guaranteed debt service > TDS > Current US$ 20.16 million$
Ranked 117th.
784.22 million$
Ranked 40th. 39 times more than Cambodia

External debt > Debt outstanding > Use of IMF credit > DOD > Current US$ 0.0
Ranked 97th.
$84.37 million
Ranked 39th.

Balance of payments > Capital and financial account > Foreign direct investment > Net inflows in reporting econ $530.15 million
Ranked 53th.
$7.60 billion
Ranked 9th. 14 times more than Cambodia

Tourism > International tourism, expenditures > Current US$ $333.00 million
Ranked 106th.
$1.71 billion
Ranked 63th. 5 times more than Cambodia

Companies > Ease of doing business index > 1=most business-friendly regulations per million 9.08
Ranked 99th. 8 times more than Vietnam
1.1
Ranked 158th.
Tourism receipts > International > Per $ GDP $149.65 per $1,000 of GDP
Ranked 21st. 4 times more than Vietnam
$35.53 per $1,000 of GDP
Ranked 77th.

GDP > PPP > Constant 2000 international $ > Per capita 2,426.34 PPP 2000 $ per capita
Ranked 109th.
2,732.62 PPP 2000 $ per capita
Ranked 107th. 13% more than Cambodia

GDP > PPP > Current international $ > Per capita 2,727.28 PPP $ per capita
Ranked 109th.
3,071.55 PPP $ per capita
Ranked 107th. 13% more than Cambodia

Foreign aid > From European Commission 37.46 million
Ranked 69th.
68 million
Ranked 44th. 82% more than Cambodia

Trade > Exports > Per $ GDP $0.51 per $1 of GDP
Ranked 33th.
$0.66 per $1 of GDP
Ranked 16th. 28% more than Cambodia

Tax > Tax payments > Number per million 2.69
Ranked 100th. 7 times more than Vietnam
0.36
Ranked 159th.

Purchasing power parity > GDP > PPP > Constant 2005 international $ $25.75 billion
Ranked 96th.
$234.05 billion
Ranked 38th. 9 times more than Cambodia

Purchasing power parity > PPP conversion factor > Private > Consumption > LCU per international $ $2,086.55
Ranked 6th.
$8,260.51
Ranked 1st. 4 times more than Cambodia

Trade > Exports > Export growth 250.64
Ranked 13th. 2% more than Vietnam
244.73
Ranked 14th.

Poverty > Poverty gap at rural poverty line 8.31%
Ranked 1st.
8.7%
Ranked 5th. 5% more than Cambodia

SOURCES: CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; CIA World Factbooks 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013; CIA World Factbooks 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; CIA World Factbook 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. 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