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Government Stats: compare key data on Cameroon & Nigeria

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Definitions

  • Administrative divisions: This entry generally gives the numbers, designatory terms, and first-order administrative divisions as approved by the US Board on Geographic Names (BGN). Changes that have been reported but not yet acted on by BGN are noted.
  • Capital city > Geographic coordinates: This entry gives the name of the seat of government, its geographic coordinates, the time difference relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and the time observed in Washington, DC, and, if applicable, information on daylight saving time (DST). Where appropriate, a special note has been added to highlight those countries that have multiple time zones.
  • Capital city > Name: This entry gives the name of the seat of government, its geographic coordinates, the time difference relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and the time observed in Washington, DC, and, if applicable, information on daylight saving time (DST). Where appropriate, a special note has been added to highlight those countries that have multiple time zones.
  • Constitution: The dates of adoption, revisions, and major amendments to a nation's constitution
  • Diplomatic representation from the US > Mailing address: This entry includes the chief of mission, embassy address, mailing address, telephone number, FAX number, branch office locations, consulate general locations, and consulate locations.
  • Executive branch > Cabinet: Cabinet includes the official name for any body of high-ranking advisers roughly comparable to a U.S. Cabinet. Also notes the method for selection of members.
  • Executive branch > Chief of state: The name and title of any person or role roughly equivalent to a U.S. Chief of State. This means the titular leader of the country who represents the state at official and ceremonial functions but may not be involved with the day-to-day activities of the government
  • Executive branch > Head of government: Head of government includes the name and title of the top administrative leader who is designated to manage the day-to-day activities of the government. For example, in the UK, the monarch is the chief of state, and the prime minister is the head of government. In the US, the president is both the chief of state and the head of government.
  • Government type: A description of the basic form of government (e.g., republic, constitutional monarchy, federal republic, parliamentary democracy, military dictatorship).
  • Judicial branch: The name(s) of the highest court(s) and a brief description of the selection process for members.
  • Legal system: A brief description of the legal system's historical roots, role in government, and acceptance of International Court of Justice (ICJ) jurisdiction.
  • Legislative branch: This entry contains information on the structure (unicameral, bicameral, tricameral), formal name, number of seats, and term of office. Elections includes the nature of election process or accession to power, date of the last election, and date of the next election. Election results includes the percent of vote and/or number of seats held by each party in the last election.
  • Political parties and leaders: Significant political organizations and their leaders.
  • Political pressure groups and leaders: Organizations with leaders involved in politics, but not standing for legislative election.
  • Suffrage: The age at enfranchisement and whether the right to vote is universal or restricted
  • International organization participation: This entry lists in alphabetical order by abbreviation those international organizations in which the subject country is a member or participates in some other way.
  • Government corruption rating: Transparency, accountability, and corruption in the public sector assess the extent to which the executive can be held accountable for its use of funds and for the results of its actions by the electorate and by the legislature and judiciary, and the extent to which public employees within the executive are required to account for administrative decisions, use of resources, and results obtained. The three main dimensions assessed here are the accountability of the executive to oversight institutions and of public employees for their performance, access of civil society to information on public affairs, and state capture by narrow vested interests."
  • Country name > Conventional long form: This entry is derived from Government > Country name, which includes all forms of the country's name approved by the US Board on Geographic Names (Italy is used as an example): conventional long form (Italian Republic), conventional short form (Italy), local long form (Repubblica Italiana), local short form (Italia), former (Kingdom of Italy), as well as the abbreviation. Also see the Terminology note.
  • Executive branch > Elections: Elections includes the nature of election process or accession to power, date of the last election, and date of the next election
  • National symbol(s): A national symbol is a faunal, floral, or other abstract representation - or some distinctive object - that over time has come to be closely identified with a country or entity. Not all countries have national symbols; a few countries have more than one.
  • Flag description: A written flag description produced from actual flags or the best information available at the time the entry was written. The flags of independent states are used by their dependencies unless there is an officially recognized local flag. Some disputed and other areas do not have flags.
  • Red tape > Time required to start a business > Days: Time required to start a business (days). Time required to start a business is the number of calendar days needed to complete the procedures to legally operate a business. If a procedure can be speeded up at additional cost, the fastest procedure, independent of cost, is chosen.
  • Country name > Conventional short form: This entry is derived from Government > Country name, which includes all forms of the country's name approved by the US Board on Geographic Names (Italy is used as an example): conventional long form (Italian Republic), conventional short form (Italy), local long form (Repubblica Italiana), local short form (Italia), former (Kingdom of Italy), as well as the abbreviation. Also see the Terminology note.
  • Constitutional form: Constitutional form of government.
  • Transnational Issues > Disputes > International: This entry includes a wide variety of situations that range from traditional bilateral boundary disputes to unilateral claims of one sort or another. Information regarding disputes over international terrestrial and maritime boundaries has been reviewed by the US Department of State. References to other situations involving borders or frontiers may also be included, such as resource disputes, geopolitical questions, or irredentist issues; however, inclusion does not necessarily constitute official acceptance or recognition by the US Government.
  • Total businesses registered > Number: Total businesses registered. Because of underreporting of firms that have closed or exited, especially in developing countries, the data on total registered firms may be biased upward.
  • National anthem: A generally patriotic musical composition - usually in the form of a song or hymn of praise - that evokes and eulogizes the history, traditions, or struggles of a nation or its people. National anthems can be officially recognized as a national song by a country's constitution or by an enacted law, or simply by tradition. Although most anthems contain lyrics, some do not.
  • Democracy > CPIA gender equality rating: Gender equality assesses the extent to which the country has installed institutions and programs to enforce laws and policies that promote equal access for men and women in education, health, the economy, and protection under law.
  • Legislative branch > Election results: This entry contains information on the structure (unicameral, bicameral, tricameral), formal name, number of seats, and term of office. Elections includes the nature of election process or accession to power, date of the last election, and date of the next election. Election results includes the percent of vote and/or number of seats held by each party in the last election.
  • Legislative branch > Elections: This entry contains information on the structure (unicameral, bicameral, tricameral), formal name, number of seats, and term of office. Elections includes the nature of election process or accession to power, date of the last election, and date of the next election. Election results includes the percent of vote and/or number of seats held by each party in the last election.
  • Democracy and rights > Press freedom index: Compares countries by their degree of government censorship, according to the Press freedom index. This index, created by the non-governmental organization Reporters without borders (RWS), is ellaborated using data from an extensive annual survey sent to professional reporters throughout the world. The survey contains questions about the type and ownership of media present in the country, freedom of speech, violence exerted against reporters, election campaigns, access of political parties to the media, etc.
  • Parliament > Seats held by women > Percentage: Percentage of seats held by women in country's national parliament or legislative houses.
  • Independence: For most countries, this entry gives the date that sovereignty was achieved and from which nation, empire, or trusteeship. For the other countries, the date given may not represent "independence" in the strict sense, but rather some significant nationhood event such as the traditional founding date or the date of unification, federation, confederation, establishment, fundamental change in the form of government, or state succession. Dependent areas include the notation "none" followed by the nature of their dependency status. "
  • Executive branch > Election results: Election results includes the percent of vote for each candidate in the last election (if any)
  • Judicial branch > Subordinate courts: This entry is derived from Government > Judicial branch, which includes three subfields. The highest court(s) subfield includes the name(s) of a country's highest level court(s), the number and titles of the judges, and the types of cases heard by the court, which commonly are based on civil, criminal, administrative, and constitutional law. A number of countries have separate constitutional courts. The judge selection and term of office subfield includes the organizations and associated officials responsible for nominating and appointing judges, and a brief description of the process. The selection process can be indicative of the independence of a country's court system from other branches of its government. Also included in this subfield are judges' tenures, which can range from a few years, to a specified retirement age, to lifelong appointments. The subordinate courts subfield lists the courts lower in the hierarchy of a country's court system. A few countries with federal-style governments, such as Brazil, Canada, and the US, in addition to their federal court, have separate state- or province-level court systems, though generally the two systems interact.
  • Basis of executive legitimacy: Basis of executive legitimacy.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Democracy and rights > Freedom of the press: Compares countries by freedom of the press. The lower the score, the more free the press of that country is. The scores are taken from the Freedom of the Press Index, elaborated by Freedom House, self-defined as "an independent watchdog organization dedicated to the expansion of freedom around the world". The data used in the index come from an annual survey of media independence in 197 countries and territories, assessing the degree of print, broadcast, and internet freedom in each of them.
  • Proportion of seats held by women in national parliament: Women in parliaments are the percentage of parliamentary seats in a single or lower chamber occupied by women.
  • Diplomatic representation from the US > Embassy: This entry includes the chief of mission, embassy address, mailing address, telephone number, FAX number, branch office locations, consulate general locations, and consulate locations.
  • Red tape > Start-up procedures to register a business > Number: Start-up procedures to register a business (number). Start-up procedures are those required to start a business, including interactions to obtain necessary permits and licenses and to complete all inscriptions, verifications, and notifications to start operations. Data are for businesses with specific characteristics of ownership, size, and type of production.
  • Democracy > Civil and political liberties: Civil and political liberties
    Units: Index Ranging from 7 (High Levels of Liberties) to 1 (Low
    Units: This is the average of two indicators - civil liberties and political liberties.
  • General government final > Consumption expenditure > Current US$: General government final consumption expenditure (formerly general government consumption) includes all government current expenditures for purchases of goods and services (including compensation of employees). It also includes most expenditures on national defense and security, but excludes government military expenditures that are part of government capital formation. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
  • National holiday: The primary national day of celebration - often independence day.
  • Capital > Geographic coordinates: This entry is derived from Government > Capital, which gives the name of the seat of government, its geographic coordinates, the time difference relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and the time observed in Washington, DC, and, if applicable, information on daylight saving time (DST). Where appropriate, a special note has been added to highlight those countries that have multiple time zones.
  • Time required to start a business > Days: Time required to start a business is the number of calendar days needed to complete the procedures to legally operate a business. If a procedure can be speeded up at additional cost, the fastest procedure, independent of cost, is chosen.
  • Leaders > President: Government > Leaders > President
  • Judicial branch > Judge selection and term of office: This entry is derived from Government > Judicial branch, which includes three subfields. The highest court(s) subfield includes the name(s) of a country's highest level court(s), the number and titles of the judges, and the types of cases heard by the court, which commonly are based on civil, criminal, administrative, and constitutional law. A number of countries have separate constitutional courts. The judge selection and term of office subfield includes the organizations and associated officials responsible for nominating and appointing judges, and a brief description of the process. The selection process can be indicative of the independence of a country's court system from other branches of its government. Also included in this subfield are judges' tenures, which can range from a few years, to a specified retirement age, to lifelong appointments. The subordinate courts subfield lists the courts lower in the hierarchy of a country's court system. A few countries with federal-style governments, such as Brazil, Canada, and the US, in addition to their federal court, have separate state- or province-level court systems, though generally the two systems interact.
  • Red tape > Burden of customs procedure, WEF > 1=extremely inefficient to 7=extremely efficient: Burden of customs procedure, WEF (1=extremely inefficient to 7=extremely efficient). Burden of Customs Procedure measures business executives' perceptions of their country's efficiency of customs procedures. The rating ranges from 1 to 7, with a higher score indicating greater efficiency. Data are from the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey, conducted for 30 years in collaboration with 150 partner institutes. The 2009 round included more than 13,000 respondents from 133 countries. Sampling follows a dual stratification based on company size and the sector of activity. Data are collected online or through in-person interviews. Responses are aggregated using sector-weighted averaging. The data for the latest year are combined with the data for the previous year to create a two-year moving average. Respondents evaluated the efficiency of customs procedures in their country. The lowest score (1) rates the customs procedure as extremely inefficient, and the highest score (7) as extremely efficient.
  • Democracy > Bertelsmann Transformation Index > Status Index 2006: The Status Index’s overall result represents the mean value of the scores for the dimensions “Political Transformationâ€? and “Economic Transformationâ€?. The mean value was calculated using the exact, unrounded values for both these dimensions, which, in turn, were derived from the ratings for the five political criteria (based on 18 indicators) and the seven economic criteria (based on 14 indicators). The table shows rounded scores for political and economic transformation as well as for the Status Index’s overall result. In some cases, therefore, the overall result differs slightly from the mean value.
  • Red tape > Time required to register property > Days: Time required to register property (days). Time required to register property is the number of calendar days needed for businesses to secure rights to property.
  • International law organization participation: This entry includes information on a country's acceptance of jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and of the International Criminal Court (ICCt); 55 countries have accepted ICJ jurisdiction with reservations and 11 have accepted ICJ jurisdiction without reservations; 114 countries have accepted ICCt jurisdiction. Appendix B: International Organizations and Groups explains the differing mandates of the ICJ and ICCt.
  • Parliament > Seats held by men: Number of seats held by men in country's naitonal parliament or legislative houses.
  • Red tape > Time to resolve insolvency > Years: Time to resolve insolvency (years). Time to resolve insolvency is the number of years from the filing for insolvency in court until the resolution of distressed assets.
  • Red tape > Start-up procedures to register a business > Number per million: Start-up procedures to register a business (number). Start-up procedures are those required to start a business, including interactions to obtain necessary permits and licenses and to complete all inscriptions, verifications, and notifications to start operations. Data are for businesses with specific characteristics of ownership, size, and type of production. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Diplomatic representation in the US > Chancery: This entry includes the chief of mission, chancery, telephone, FAX, consulate general locations, and consulate locations.
  • Diplomatic representation in the US > Chief of mission: This entry includes the chief of mission, chancery, telephone, FAX, consulate general locations, and consulate locations.
  • Diplomatic representation from the US > Telephone: This entry includes the chief of mission, embassy address, mailing address, telephone number, FAX number, branch office locations, consulate general locations, and consulate locations.
  • Diplomatic representation from the US > Chief of mission: This entry includes the chief of mission, embassy address, mailing address, telephone number, FAX number, branch office locations, consulate general locations, and consulate locations.
  • Parliament > Seats held by women: Number of seats held by women in country's parliament or legislative houses.
  • Leaders > President > Summary: Government > Leaders > President > Summary
  • Democracy > Democratic institutions rating: Democratic institutions
    Units: Scale ranging from -10 (autocratic) to +10 (democratic)
  • UN membership date: Date of United Nations Membership
  • Total businesses registered > Number per 1000: Total businesses registered. Because of underreporting of firms that have closed or exited, especially in developing countries, the data on total registered firms may be biased upward. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Red tape > Procedures to build a warehouse > Number: Procedures to build a warehouse (number). Number of procedures to build a warehouse is the number of interactions of a company's employees or managers with external parties, including government agency staff, public inspectors, notaries, land registry and cadastre staff, and technical experts apart from architects and engineers.
  • Capital city: The location of the seat of government.
  • Capital > Name: This entry is derived from Government > Capital, which gives the name of the seat of government, its geographic coordinates, the time difference relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and the time observed in Washington, DC, and, if applicable, information on daylight saving time (DST). Where appropriate, a special note has been added to highlight those countries that have multiple time zones.
  • Legal origin: Legal origin identifies the origin of the Company Law or Commercial Code in each country
  • General government final > Consumption expenditure > Current US$ > Per capita: General government final consumption expenditure (formerly general government consumption) includes all government current expenditures for purchases of goods and services (including compensation of employees). It also includes most expenditures on national defense and security, but excludes government military expenditures that are part of government capital formation. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
  • Red tape > Time required to get electricity > Days: Time required to get electricity (days). Time required to get electricity is the number of days to obtain a permanent electricity connection. The measure captures the median duration that the electricity utility and experts indicate is necessary in practice, rather than required by law, to complete a procedure.
  • Democracy > Parliamentary elections > Registered voter turnout: The proportion of registered voters who actually voted.
  • Legislature (parliament) > People per member: Number of people each member of the legislature represents on average. The number of members of the legislature is the sum of the members of all chambers of parliament, if applicable.
  • Capital > Time difference: This entry is derived from Government > Capital, which gives the name of the seat of government, its geographic coordinates, the time difference relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and the time observed in Washington, DC, and, if applicable, information on daylight saving time (DST). Where appropriate, a special note has been added to highlight those countries that have multiple time zones.
  • Democracy > Presidential elections > Voting age population: International IDEA has chosen to use not only the reported registration rate to calculate turnout percentages, but also the voting age population (VAP) which includes all citizens above the legal voting age
  • Red tape > Time required to get electricity > Days per million: Time required to get electricity (days). Time required to get electricity is the number of days to obtain a permanent electricity connection. The measure captures the median duration that the electricity utility and experts indicate is necessary in practice, rather than required by law, to complete a procedure. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Leaders > Head of state > Term limit for head of state: Head(s) of state.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Democracy > Female ministers: Women in government at ministerial level in 2000 (as % of total). Data were provided by states based on their definition of national executive and may therefore include women serving as ministers and vice ministers and those holding other ministerial positions, including parliamentary secretaries.
  • Legislature (parliament) > Lower house members: Members of the lower house of the legislature or of the only chamber in a unicameral system.
  • Foreign relations > Recognition of Israel notes: Notes and remarks about the date on which Israel was officially recognized as a state.
  • CPIA quality of budgetary and financial management rating > 1=low to 6=high: Quality of budgetary and financial management assesses the extent to which there is a comprehensive and credible budget linked to policy priorities, effective financial management systems, and timely and accurate accounting and fiscal reporting, including timely and audited public accounts."
  • Red tape > Time required to enforce a contract > Days: Time required to enforce a contract (days). Time required to enforce a contract is the number of calendar days from the filing of the lawsuit in court until the final determination and, in appropriate cases, payment.
  • Democracy > Female parliamentarians: Seats in parliament held by women (as % of total). Data are as of 8 March 2002. Where there are lower and upper houses, data refer to the weighted average of women's shares of seats in both houses.
  • Red tape > Procedures to register property > Number: Procedures to register property (number). Number of procedures to register property is the number of procedures required for a businesses to secure rights to property.
  • Leaders > President > Profile: Government > Leaders > President > Profile
  • Role of head of state: Head of state.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • General government final > Consumption expenditure > Current US$ per capita: General government final consumption expenditure (formerly general government consumption) includes all government current expenditures for purchases of goods and services (including compensation of employees). It also includes most expenditures on national defense and security, but excludes government military expenditures that are part of government capital formation. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Start-up procedures to register a business > Number: Start-up procedures are those required to start a business, including interactions to obtain necessary permits and licenses and to complete all inscriptions, verifications, and notifications to start operations. Data are for businesses with specific characteristics of ownership, size, and type of production.
  • Democracy > Presidential elections > Voting age population per 1000: International IDEA has chosen to use not only the reported registration rate to calculate turnout percentages, but also the voting age population (VAP) which includes all citizens above the legal voting age. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Red tape > Burden of customs procedure, WEF > 1=extremely inefficient to 7=extremely efficient per million: Burden of customs procedure, WEF (1=extremely inefficient to 7=extremely efficient). Burden of Customs Procedure measures business executives' perceptions of their country's efficiency of customs procedures. The rating ranges from 1 to 7, with a higher score indicating greater efficiency. Data are from the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey, conducted for 30 years in collaboration with 150 partner institutes. The 2009 round included more than 13,000 respondents from 133 countries. Sampling follows a dual stratification based on company size and the sector of activity. Data are collected online or through in-person interviews. Responses are aggregated using sector-weighted averaging. The data for the latest year are combined with the data for the previous year to create a two-year moving average. Respondents evaluated the efficiency of customs procedures in their country. The lowest score (1) rates the customs procedure as extremely inefficient, and the highest score (7) as extremely efficient. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Strength of legal rights index > 0=weak to 10=strong: Strength of legal rights index measures the degree to which collateral and bankruptcy laws protect the rights of borrowers and lenders and thus facilitate lending. The index ranges from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating that these laws are better designed to expand access to credit."
  • Democracy > Bertelsmann Transformation Index > Management Index 2006: This Index evaluates management by political decision-makers while taking into consideration the level of difficulty. The Management Index’s overall result is calculated by multiplying the intermediate result with a factor derived from the level of difficulty evaluation.
  • General government final > Consumption expenditure > Current US$ > Per $ GDP: General government final consumption expenditure (formerly general government consumption) includes all government current expenditures for purchases of goods and services (including compensation of employees). It also includes most expenditures on national defense and security, but excludes government military expenditures that are part of government capital formation. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1 $ gross domestic product.
  • Parliament > Seats held by women per million people: Number of seats held by women in country's parliament or legislative houses. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
  • Democracy > Female suffrage: Year in which women received the right to vote. Data refer to the year in which right to vote or stand for election on a universal and equal basis was recognized. Where two years are shown, the first refers to the first partial recognition of the right to vote.
  • Red tape > Time required to build a warehouse > Days: Time required to build a warehouse (days). Time required to build a warehouse is the number of calendar days needed to complete the required procedures for building a warehouse. If a procedure can be speeded up at additional cost, the fastest procedure, independent of cost, is chosen.
  • CPIA building human resources rating > 1=low to 6=high: Building human resources assesses the national policies and public and private sector service delivery that affect the access to and quality of health and education services, including prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria."
  • Red tape > Time required to start a business > Days per million: Time required to start a business (days). Time required to start a business is the number of calendar days needed to complete the procedures to legally operate a business. If a procedure can be speeded up at additional cost, the fastest procedure, independent of cost, is chosen. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Red tape > Procedures to enforce a contract > Number per million: Procedures to enforce a contract (number). Number of procedures to enforce a contract are the number of independent actions, mandated by law or courts, that demand interaction between the parties of a contract or between them and the judge or court officer. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Red tape > Time required to register property > Days per million: Time required to register property (days). Time required to register property is the number of calendar days needed for businesses to secure rights to property. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Red tape > Procedures to build a warehouse > Number per million: Procedures to build a warehouse (number). Number of procedures to build a warehouse is the number of interactions of a company's employees or managers with external parties, including government agency staff, public inspectors, notaries, land registry and cadastre staff, and technical experts apart from architects and engineers. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Red tape > Time required to build a warehouse > Days per million: Time required to build a warehouse (days). Time required to build a warehouse is the number of calendar days needed to complete the required procedures for building a warehouse. If a procedure can be speeded up at additional cost, the fastest procedure, independent of cost, is chosen. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Total businesses registered > Number > Per capita: Total businesses registered. Because of underreporting of firms that have closed or exited, especially in developing countries, the data on total registered firms may be biased upward. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Democracy > Bertelsmann Transformation Index>Political Transformation: Political Transformation The score for â€?Political Transformation“ is obtained by calculating the mean value of the ratings for the following criteria: · Stateness · Political Participation · Rule of Law · Stability of Democratic Institutions · Political and Social Integration
  • Foreign relations > Diplomatic representation in the US > Ambassador: Name of ambassador to the USA.
  • Time required to build a warehouse > Days: Time required to build a warehouse is the number of calendar days needed to complete the required procedures for building a warehouse. If a procedure can be speeded up at additional cost, the fastest procedure, independent of cost, is chosen.
  • Democracy > Parliamentary elections > Voting age population: International IDEA has chosen to use not only the reported registration rate to calculate turnout percentages, but also the voting age population (VAP) which includes all citizens above the legal voting age
  • CPIA fiscal policy rating > 1=low to 6=high: Fiscal policy assesses the short- and medium-term sustainability of fiscal policy (taking into account monetary and exchange rate policy and the sustainability of the public debt) and its impact on growth.
  • CPIA social protection rating > 1=low to 6=high: Social protection and labor assess government policies in social protection and labor market regulations that reduce the risk of becoming poor, assist those who are poor to better manage further risks, and ensure a minimal level of welfare to all people."
  • CPIA property rights and rule-based governance rating > 1=low to 6=high: Property rights and rule-based governance assess the extent to which private economic activity is facilitated by an effective legal system and rule-based governance structure in which property and contract rights are reliably respected and enforced.
  • Democracy > Female candidacy: Year in which women received the right to stand for election. Data refer to the year in which right to vote or stand for election on a universal and equal basis was recognized. Where two years are shown, the first refers to the first partial recognition of the right to stand for election.
  • Democracy > Parliamentary elections > Turnout: The number of votes divided by the Voting Age Population figure, expressed as a percentage.
  • Democracy > Parliamentary elections > Voter registration: The number of registered voters. The figure represents the number of names on the voters' register at the time that the registration process closes, as reported by the electoral management body.
  • Democracy > Parliamentary elections > Total vote: The total number of votes cast in the relevant election. Total vote includes valid and invalid votes, as well as blank votes in cases where these are separated from invalid votes. More information on valid, invalid and blank votes can be found at aceproject.org
  • Start-up procedures to register a business > Number > Per capita: Start-up procedures are those required to start a business, including interactions to obtain necessary permits and licenses and to complete all inscriptions, verifications, and notifications to start operations. Data are for businesses with specific characteristics of ownership, size, and type of production. Per capita figures expressed per 1 million population.
  • Time required to enforce a contract > Days: Time required to enforce a contract is the number of calendar days from the filing of the lawsuit in court until the final determination and, in appropriate cases, payment.
  • Procedures to register property > Number: Number of procedures to register property is the number of procedures required for a businesses to secure rights to property.
  • Procedures to build a warehouse > Number: Number of procedures to build a warehouse is the number of interactions of a company's employees or managers with external parties, including government agency staff, public inspectors, notaries, land registry and cadastre staff, and technical experts apart from architects and engineers.
  • Form of government: Form of government in African Union member countries.
  • CPIA equity of public resource use rating: Equity of public resource use assesses the extent to which the pattern of public expenditures and revenue collection affects the poor and is consistent with national poverty reduction priorities.
  • Democracy > Presidential elections > Turnout per million: The number of votes divided by the Voting Age Population figure, expressed as a percentage. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Democracy > Presidential elections > Turnout: The number of votes divided by the Voting Age Population figure, expressed as a percentage.
  • Time to prepare and pay taxes > Hours: Time to prepare and pay taxes is the time, in hours per year, it takes to prepare, file, and pay (or withhold) three major types of taxes: the corporate income tax, the value added or sales tax, and labor taxes, including payroll taxes and social security contributions.
  • Procedures to register property > Number > Per capita: Number of procedures to register property is the number of procedures required for a businesses to secure rights to property. Per capita figures expressed per 1 million population.
  • Procedures to enforce a contract > Number > Per capita: Number of procedures to enforce a contract are the number of independent actions, mandated by law or courts, that demand interaction between the parties of a contract or between them and the judge or court officer. Per capita figures expressed per 1 million population.
  • Democracy > CPIA public sector management and institutions cluster average: The public sector management and institutions cluster includes property rights and rule-based governance, quality of budgetary and financial management, efficiency of revenue mobilization, quality of public administration, and transparency, accountability, and corruption in the public sector.
  • Red tape > Procedures to enforce a contract > Number: Procedures to enforce a contract (number). Number of procedures to enforce a contract are the number of independent actions, mandated by law or courts, that demand interaction between the parties of a contract or between them and the judge or court officer.
  • Red tape > Procedures to register property > Number per million: Procedures to register property (number). Number of procedures to register property is the number of procedures required for a businesses to secure rights to property. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Red tape > Management time dealing with officials > % of management time: Management time dealing with officials (% of management time). Time dealing with officials is the percentage of management time in a given week spent on requirements imposed by government regulations (taxes, customs, labor regulations, licensing and registration).
  • Diplomatic representation from the US > FAX: This entry includes the chief of mission, embassy address, mailing address, telephone number, FAX number, branch office locations, consulate general locations, and consulate locations.
  • Diplomatic representation in the US > FAX: This entry includes the chief of mission, chancery, telephone, FAX, consulate general locations, and consulate locations.
  • Capital city > Time difference: This entry gives the name of the seat of government, its geographic coordinates, the time difference relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and the time observed in Washington, DC, and, if applicable, information on daylight saving time (DST). Where appropriate, a special note has been added to highlight those countries that have multiple time zones.
  • CPIA quality of public administration rating: Quality of public administration assesses the extent to which civilian central government staff is structured to design and implement government policy and deliver services effectively.
  • CPIA public sector management and institutions cluster average > 1=low to 6=high: The public sector management and institutions cluster includes property rights and rule-based governance, quality of budgetary and financial management, efficiency of revenue mobilisation, quality of public administration, and transparency, accountability, and corruption in"
  • Time to resolve insolvency > Years: Time to resolve insolvency is the number of years from the filing for insolvency in court until the resolution of distressed assets.
  • General government final > Consumption expenditure > Annual % growth: Annual percentage growth of general government final consumption expenditure based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2000 U.S. dollars. General government final consumption expenditure (general government consumption) includes all government current expenditures for purchases of goods and services (including compensation of employees). It also includes most expenditures on national defense and security, but excludes government military expenditures that are part of government capital formation.
  • Time required to register property > Days: Time required to register property is the number of calendar days needed for businesses to secure rights to property.
  • CPIA policy and institutions for environmental sustainability rating > 1=low to 6=high: Policy and institutions for environmental sustainability assess the extent to which environmental policies foster the protection and sustainable use of natural resources and the management of pollution.
  • CPIA policies for social inclusion or equity cluster average > 1=low to 6=high: The policies for social inclusion and equity cluster includes gender equality, equity of public resource use, building human resources, social protection and labor, and policies and institutions for environmental sustainability."
  • CPIA macroeconomic management rating: Macroeconomic management assesses the monetary, exchange rate, and aggregate demand policy framework."
  • Procedures to enforce a contract > Number per million: Number of procedures to enforce a contract are the number of independent actions, mandated by law or courts, that demand interaction between the parties of a contract or between them and the judge or court officer. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • CPIA financial sector rating > 1=low to 6=high: Financial sector assesses the structure of the financial sector and the policies and regulations that affect it.
  • CPIA efficiency of revenue mobilisation rating > 1=low to 6=high: Efficiency of revenue mobilisation assesses the overall pattern of revenue mobilisation--not only the de facto tax structure, but also revenue from all sources as actually collected."
  • Economic management rating: The economic management cluster includes macroeconomic management, fiscal policy, and debt policy. From the Country Policy and Institutional Assessment."
  • Democracy > Parliamentary elections > Voting age population per 1000: International IDEA has chosen to use not only the reported registration rate to calculate turnout percentages, but also the voting age population (VAP) which includes all citizens above the legal voting age. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments > %: Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%). Women in parliaments are the percentage of parliamentary seats in a single or lower chamber held by women.
  • IDA resource allocation index > 1=low to 6=high: IDA Resource Allocation Index is obtained by calculating the average score for each cluster and then by averaging those scores. For each of 16 criteria countries are rated on a scale of 1 (low) to 6 (high).
  • Commonwealth of Nations > Date joined: Date each member country joined the Commonwealth of Nations.
  • Legislature (parliament) > Total members of parliament: Number of members of the legislature (sum of members of all chambers of parliament where applicable).
  • CPIA structural policies cluster average > 1=low to 6=high: The structural policies cluster includes trade, financial sector, and business regulatory environment."
  • CPIA trade rating > 1=low to 6=high: Trade assesses how the policy framework fosters trade in goods.
  • Country Policy and Institutional Assessment debt policy rating > 1=low to 6=high: Debt policy assesses whether the debt management strategy is conducive to minimizing budgetary risks and ensuring long-term debt sustainability.
  • Informal payments to public officials > % of firms: Informal payments to public officials are the percentage of firms expected to make informal payments to public officials to ""get things done"" with regard to customs, taxes, licenses, regulations, services, and the like."
  • Democracy and rights > Next election: Next election.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Parliament > Seats held by men per million people: Number of seats held by men in country's naitonal parliament or legislative houses. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
  • Democracy and rights > Last election: Last election.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Start-up procedures to register a business > Number per million: Start-up procedures are those required to start a business, including interactions to obtain necessary permits and licenses and to complete all inscriptions, verifications, and notifications to start operations. Data are for businesses with specific characteristics of ownership, size, and type of production. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Procedures to enforce a contract > Number: Number of procedures to enforce a contract are the number of independent actions, mandated by law or courts, that demand interaction between the parties of a contract or between them and the judge or court officer.
  • Democracy > CPIA property rights and rule-based governance rating: Property rights and rule-based governance assess the extent to which private economic activity is facilitated by an effective legal system and rule-based governance structure in which property and contract rights are reliably respected and enforced.
  • General government final > Consumption expenditure > Current LCU: General government final consumption expenditure (formerly general government consumption) includes all government current expenditures for purchases of goods and services (including compensation of employees). It also includes most expenditures on national defense and security, but excludes government military expenditures that are part of government capital formation. Data are in current local currency.
  • Legislature (parliament) > Term of office for lower house members: Members of the lower (or sole) house.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • CPIA equity of public resource use rating > 1=low to 6=high: Equity of public resource use assesses the extent to which the pattern of public expenditures and revenue collection affects the poor and is consistent with national poverty reduction priorities.
  • Country Policy and Institutional Assessment > Business regulation effectiveness: Business regulatory environment assesses the extent to which the legal, regulatory, and policy environments help or hinder private businesses in investing, creating jobs, and becoming more productive."
  • Red tape > Time required to enforce a contract > Days per million: Time required to enforce a contract (days). Time required to enforce a contract is the number of calendar days from the filing of the lawsuit in court until the final determination and, in appropriate cases, payment. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Procedures to build a warehouse > Number > Per capita: Number of procedures to build a warehouse is the number of interactions of a company's employees or managers with external parties, including government agency staff, public inspectors, notaries, land registry and cadastre staff, and technical experts apart from architects and engineers. Per capita figures expressed per 1 million population.
  • CPIA quality of public administration rating > 1=low to 6=high: Quality of public administration assesses the extent to which civilian central government staff is structured to design and implement government policy and deliver services effectively.
  • Democracy > CPIA transparency > Accountability > And corruption in the public sector rating: Transparency, accountability, and corruption in the public sector assess the extent to which the executive can be held accountable for its use of funds and for the results of its actions by the electorate and by the legislature and judiciary, and the extent to which public employees within the executive are required to account for administrative decisions, use of resources, and results obtained. The three main dimensions assessed here are the accountability of the executive to oversight institutions and of public employees for their performance, access of civil society to information on public affairs, and state capture by narrow vested interests.
  • Democracy > CPIA policies for social inclusion/equity cluster average: The policies for social inclusion and equity cluster includes gender equality, equity of public resource use, building human resources, social protection and labor, and policies and institutions for environmental sustainability.
  • Diplomatic representation in the US > Telephone: This entry includes the chief of mission, chancery, telephone, FAX, consulate general locations, and consulate locations.
  • General government final > Consumption expenditure > Constant LCU: General government final consumption expenditure (formerly general government consumption) includes all government current expenditures for purchases of goods and services (including compensation of employees). It also includes most expenditures on national defense and security, but excludes government military expenditures that are part of government capital formation. Data are in constant local currency.
  • Procedures to register property > Number per million: Number of procedures to register property is the number of procedures required for a businesses to secure rights to property. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Ruling party: In power now.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Procedures to build a warehouse > Number per million: Number of procedures to build a warehouse is the number of interactions of a company's employees or managers with external parties, including government agency staff, public inspectors, notaries, land registry and cadastre staff, and technical experts apart from architects and engineers. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
STAT Cameroon Nigeria HISTORY
Administrative divisions 10 regions (regions, singular - region); Adamaoua, Centre, East (Est), Far North (Extreme-Nord), Littoral, North (Nord), North-West (Nord-Ouest), West (Ouest), South (Sud), South-West (Sud-Ouest) 36 states and 1 territory*; Abia, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Ekiti, Enugu, Federal Capital Territory*, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Nassarawa, Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara
Capital city > Geographic coordinates 3 52 N, 11 31 E 9 05 N, 7 32 E
Capital city > Name Yaounde Abuja
Constitution approved by referendum 20 May 1972; adopted 2 June 1972; revised January 1996; amended April 2008 adopted 5 May 1999; effective 29 May 1999
Diplomatic representation from the US > Mailing address P. O. Box 817, Yaounde; pouch: American Embassy, US Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-2520 P. O. Box 5760, Garki, Abuja
Executive branch > Cabinet Cabinet appointed by the president from proposals submitted by the prime minister Federal Executive Council
Executive branch > Chief of state President Paul BIYA (since 6 November 1982) President Goodluck JONATHAN (since 5 May 2010, acting since 9 February 2010); Vice President Mohammed Namadi SAMBO (since 19 May 2010)
Executive branch > Head of government Prime Minister Philemon YANG (since 30 June 2009) President Goodluck JONATHAN (since 5 May 2010, acting since 9 February 2010); Vice President Mohammed Namadi SAMBO (since 19 May 2010)
Government type republic; multiparty presidential regime federal republic
Judicial branch Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); High Court of Justice (consists of nine judges and six substitute judges; elected by the National Assembly) Supreme Court (judges recommended by the National Judicial Council and appointed by the president); Federal Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the federal government from a pool of judges recommended by the National Judicial Council)
Legal system mixed legal system of English common law, French civil law, and customary law Sharia in the northern states, common law in the south and at the federal level.
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (180 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms); note - the president can either lengthen or shorten the term of the legislature bicameral National Assembly consists of the Senate
Political parties and leaders Cameroon People's Democratic Movement or CPDM [Paul BIYA]<br />Cameroon People's Party [Edith Kah WALLA]<br />Cameroonian Democratic Union or UDC [Adamou Ndam NJOYA]<br />Movement for the Defense of the Republic or MDR [Dakole DAISSALA]<br />Movement for the Liberation and Development of Cameroon or MLDC [Marcel YONDO]<br />National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Maigari BELLO BOUBA]<br />Progressive Movement or MP<br />Social Democratic Front or SDF [John FRU NDI]<br />Union of Peoples of Cameroon or UPC [Augustin Frederic KODOCK] Accord Party or ACC [Mohammad Lawal MALADO]<br />Action Congress of Nigeria or ACN [Adebisi Bamidele AKANDE]<br />All Nigeria Peoples Party or ANPP [Ogbonnaya C. ONU]<br />All Progressives Grand Alliance or APGA [Victor C. UMEH]<br />Congress for Progressive Change or CPC [Tony MOMOH]<br />Democratic Peoples Party or DPP [Jeremiah USENI]<br />Labor Party [Umar MUSTAPHA]<br />Peoples Democratic Party or PDP [Bamanga TUKUR]
Political pressure groups and leaders Human Rights Defense Group [Albert MUKONG, president]<br />Southern Cameroon National Council [Ayamba Ette OTUN] Academic Staff Union for Universities or ASUU<br />Campaign for Democracy or CD<br />Civil Liberties Organization or CLO<br />Committee for the Defense of Human Rights or CDHR<br />Constitutional Right Project or CRP<br />Human Right Africa<br />National Association of Democratic Lawyers or NADL<br />National Association of Nigerian Students or NANS<br />Nigerian Bar Association or NBA<br />Nigerian Labor Congress or NLC<br />Nigerian Medical Association or NMA<br />the press<br />Universal Defenders of Democracy or UDD
Suffrage 20 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
International organization participation ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, C, CEMAC, EITI (candidate country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, D-8, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Government corruption rating 2.5
Ranked 52nd.
3
Ranked 39th. 20% more than Cameroon

Country name > Conventional long form Republic of Cameroon Federal Republic of Nigeria
Executive branch > Elections president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (with no term limits per 2008 constitutional amendment); election last held on 9 October 2011 (next to be held in October 2018); prime minister appointed by the president president elected by popular vote for a four-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 16 April 2011 (next to be held in April 2015)
National symbol(s) lion eagle
Flag description three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), red, and yellow, with a yellow five-pointed star centered in the red band; the vertical tricolor recalls the flag of France; red symbolizes unity, yellow the sun, happiness, and the savannahs in the north, and green hope and the forests in the south; the star is referred to as the "star of unity" three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green; the color green represents the forests and abundant natural wealth of the country, white stands for peace and unity
Red tape > Time required to start a business > Days 15
Ranked 101st.
28
Ranked 52nd. 87% more than Cameroon

Country name > Conventional short form Cameroon Nigeria
Constitutional form Republic Republic
Transnational Issues > Disputes > International Joint Border Commission with Nigeria reviewed 2002 ICJ ruling on the entire boundary and bilaterally resolved differences, including June 2006 Greentree Agreement that immediately ceded sovereignty of the Bakassi Peninsula to Cameroon with a full phase-out of Nigerian control and patriation of residents in 2008; Cameroon and Nigeria agreed on maritime delimitation in March 2008; sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty, which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries Joint Border Commission with Cameroon reviewed 2002 ICJ ruling on the entire boundary and bilaterally resolved differences, including June 2006 Greentree Agreement that immediately cedes sovereignty of the Bakassi Peninsula to Cameroon with a phase-out of Nigerian control within two years while resolving patriation issues; the ICJ ruled on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea, but imprecisely defined coordinates in the ICJ decision and a sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River all contribute to the delay in implementation; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries; location of Benin-Niger-Nigeria tripoint is unresolved
Total businesses registered > Number 1,693
Ranked 63th.
981,709
Ranked 19th. 580 times more than Cameroon

National anthem <strong>name: </strong>"O Cameroun, Berceau de nos Ancetres" (O Cameroon, Cradle of Our Forefathers)<br /><strong>lyrics/music:</strong> Rene Djam AFAME, Samuel Minkio BAMBA, Moise Nyatte NKO'O [French], Benard Nsokika FONLON [English]/Rene Djam AFAME <strong>name: </strong>"Arise Oh Compatriots, Nigeria's Call Obey"<br /><strong>lyrics/music:</strong> John A. ILECHUKWU, Eme Etim AKPAN, B. A. OGUNNAIKE, Sotu OMOIGUI and P. O. ADERIBIGBE/Benedict Elide ODIASE
Democracy > CPIA gender equality rating 3.5
Ranked 32nd. 17% more than Nigeria
3
Ranked 60th.
FAX 1 234
Legislative branch > Election results Senate percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CPDM 56, SDF 14; National Assembley percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CPDM 148, SDF 18, UNDP 5, UDC 4, UPC 3, other 2 Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDP 73, ACN 17, ANPP 7, CPC 6, LP 4, other 2; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDP 205, ACN 69, CPC 36, ANPP 28, LP 9, APGA 6, ACC 5, other 2
Legislative branch > Elections Senate last held on 14 April 2013 (next to be held NA); National Assembly last held on 30 September 2013 (next to be held in 2018) Senate - last held on 9 and 26 April 2011 (next to be held in 2015); House of Representatives - last held on 9 and 26 April 2011 (next to be held in 2015)
Democracy and rights > Press freedom index 34.78
Ranked 59th. 2% more than Nigeria
34.11
Ranked 64th.
Parliament > Seats held by women > Percentage 13.89%
Ranked 115th. 2 times more than Nigeria
6.67%
Ranked 165th.

Independence 1 January 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship) 1 October 1960 (from the UK)
Executive branch > Election results President Paul BIYA reelected; percent of vote - Paul BIYA 78.0%, John FRU NDI 10.7%, Garga Haman ADJI 3.2%, Adamou Ndam NJOYA 1.7%, Paul Abine AYAH 1.3%, other 5.1% Goodluck JONATHAN elected president; percent of vote - Goodluck JONATHAN 58.9%, Muhammadu BUHARI 32.0%, Nuhu RIBADU 5.4%, Ibrahim SHEKARAU 2.4%, other 1.3%
Judicial branch > Subordinate courts Parliamentary Court of Justice (jurisdiction limited to cases involving the president and prime minister); appellate and first instance courts; circuit and magistrate's courts Court of Appeal; Federal High Court; High Court of the Federal Capital Territory; Sharia Court of Appeal of the Federal Capital Territory; Customary Court of Appeal of the Federal Capital Territory; state court system similar in structure to federal system
Basis of executive legitimacy Presidency is independent of legislature Presidency is independent of legislature
Democracy and rights > Freedom of the press 68
Ranked 43th. 36% more than Nigeria
50
Ranked 92nd.
Proportion of seats held by women in national parliament 8.9%
Ranked 129th. 39% more than Nigeria
6.4%
Ranked 149th.

Diplomatic representation from the US > Embassy Avenue Rosa Parks, Yaounde Plot 1075 Diplomatic Drive, Central District Area, Abuja
Red tape > Start-up procedures to register a business > Number 5
Ranked 151st.
8
Ranked 67th. 60% more than Cameroon

Democracy > Civil and political liberties 0.5
Ranked 131st.
3
Ranked 82nd. 6 times more than Cameroon
General government final > Consumption expenditure > Current US$ 1.76 billion$
Ranked 81st.
20.89 billion$
Ranked 31st. 12 times more than Cameroon

National holiday Republic Day (National Day), 20 May Independence Day (National Day), 1 October
Capital > Geographic coordinates 3 52 N, 11 31 E 9 05 N, 7 32 E
Time required to start a business > Days 37 days
Ranked 82nd.
43 days
Ranked 68th. 16% more than Cameroon

Leaders > President Paul Biya Goodluck Jonathan
Democracy > Gender Parity Index in primary level enrolment 0.851
Ranked 133th.
0.855
Ranked 132nd. 1% more than Cameroon

Judicial branch > Judge selection and term of office Supreme Court judges appointed by the president with the advice of the Higher Judicial Council of Cameroon (a body chaired by the president and includes the minister of justice, selected magistrates, and representatives of the National Assembly); judge term NA; Constitutional Council members appointed by the president for single 9-year terms judges appointed by the president on the recommendation of the National Judicial Council, a 23-member independent body of federal and state judicial officials; judge appointments confirmed by the Senate; judges serve until age 65
Red tape > Burden of customs procedure, WEF > 1=extremely inefficient to 7=extremely efficient 4.2
Ranked 66th. 17% more than Nigeria
3.6
Ranked 99th.

Democracy > Bertelsmann Transformation Index > Status Index 2006 4.31
Ranked 88th.
5.38
Ranked 66th. 25% more than Cameroon
Red tape > Time required to register property > Days 86
Ranked 24th. 12% more than Nigeria
77
Ranked 30th.

International law organization participation accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; non-party state to the ICCt accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Parliament > Seats held by men 155
Ranked 62nd.
336
Ranked 24th. 2 times more than Cameroon

Red tape > Time to resolve insolvency > Years 2.8
Ranked 75th. 40% more than Nigeria
2
Ranked 116th.

Red tape > Start-up procedures to register a business > Number per million 0.23
Ranked 145th. 5 times more than Nigeria
0.0474
Ranked 181st.

Diplomatic representation in the US > Chancery None None
Diplomatic representation in the US > Chief of mission Ambassador Joseph FOE-ATANGANA (since 12 September 2008) Ambassador Adebowale Ibidapo ADEFUYE
Diplomatic representation from the US > Telephone [237] 2220 15 00; Consular: [237] 2220 16 03 [234] (9) 461-4000
Diplomatic representation from the US > Chief of mission Ambassador Robert P. JACKSON (since 12 October 2010) Ambassador James F. ENTWISTLE (designate)
Parliament > Seats held by women 25
Ranked 94th. 4% more than Nigeria
24
Ranked 97th.

Leaders > President > Summary Paul Biya has been leader for three decades Most of President Jonathan&#039;s electoral support lies in the mainly Christian south
Democracy > Democratic institutions rating -4
Ranked 111th.
4
Ranked 85th.
UN membership date 20 Sep. 1960 7 Oct. 1960
Total businesses registered > Number per 1000 0.109
Ranked 63th.
7.41
Ranked 47th. 68 times more than Cameroon

Red tape > Procedures to build a warehouse > Number 13
Ranked 112th.
18
Ranked 45th. 38% more than Cameroon

Capital city Yaounde Abuja
Capital > Name Yaounde Abuja
Legal origin <a href=/country/fr>French</a> <a href=/encyclopedia/England>English</a>
General government final > Consumption expenditure > Current US$ > Per capita 107.55$ per capita
Ranked 101st.
147.8$ per capita
Ranked 91st. 37% more than Cameroon

Red tape > Time required to get electricity > Days 64
Ranked 134th.
260
Ranked 9th. 4 times more than Cameroon

Democracy > Parliamentary elections > Registered voter turnout 75.6%
Ranked 53th.
84.8%
Ranked 29th. 12% more than Cameroon
Legislature (parliament) > People per member 104,885
Ranked 30th.
345,887
Ranked 7th. 3 times more than Cameroon
Capital > Time difference UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Democracy > Presidential elections > Voting age population 6.29 million
Ranked 34th.
52.79 million
Ranked 5th. 8 times more than Cameroon
Red tape > Time required to get electricity > Days per million 2.95
Ranked 148th. 92% more than Nigeria
1.54
Ranked 168th.

Leaders > Head of state > Term limit for head of state 7
Ranked 13th. 40% more than Nigeria
5
Ranked 97th.
Democracy > Female ministers 33.3%
Ranked 15th. 4 times more than Nigeria
8.6%
Ranked 86th.
Legislature (parliament) > Lower house members 180
Ranked 53th.
360
Ranked 30th. Twice as much as Cameroon
Foreign relations > Recognition of Israel notes author=Times Wire Services|title=Israel, Cameroon Restore Ties After 13-Year Break|url= http://articles.latimes.com/1986-08-27/news/mn-14197_1_cameroon|date=27 August 2011|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=2011-10-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; Relations broken in October 1973, were resumed in May 1992.
CPIA quality of budgetary and financial management rating > 1=low to 6=high 3
Ranked 47th. The same as Nigeria
3
Ranked 58th.

Red tape > Time required to enforce a contract > Days 800
Ranked 38th. 79% more than Nigeria
447
Ranked 130th.

Democracy > Female parliamentarians 5.6%
Ranked 131st. 70% more than Nigeria
3.3%
Ranked 141st.
Red tape > Procedures to register property > Number 5
Ranked 135th.
13
Ranked 3rd. 3 times more than Cameroon

Leaders > President > Profile <p>In power since 1982, Paul Biya is seen as one of Africa&#039;s most entrenched leaders.</p> <p>Cameroon&#039;s parliament in April 2008 passed a controversial amendment to the constitution enabling President Paul Biya to run for a third term of office in 2011.</p> <p>The veteran politician went on to win a new seven-year term in the October 2011 election, in a vote that international observers said was marred by irregularities.</p> <p>Mr Biya&#039;s opponents rejected the result - which gave him a landslide 78% of the vote - and alleged widespread fraud. Civil society movements accused Mr Biya of having locked down the electoral system to guarantee his return to power.</p> <p>When Mr Biya first became president in 1982, it was within the context of a single-party system. He accepted the introduction of multi-party politics in the early 1990s and went on to win the 1992 presidential election by a narrow margin.</p> <p>In the 1997 presidential election, which was boycotted by the main opposition parties, he was re-elected with more than 92% of the vote. At the next election, in 2004, he officially took more than 70% of the vote, though opposition parties alleged widespread fraud.</p> <p>His party, the Cameroonian People&#039;s Democratic Movement (RDPC) has won landslide majorities in every legislative election since 1992.</p> <p>Before becoming president, Mr Biya spent his entire political career in the service of President Ahmadou Ahidjo, becoming prime minister in 1975.</p> <p>With Mr Ahidjo&#039;s resignation in 1982 he assumed the leadership and set about replacing his predecessor&#039;s northern allies with fellow southerners.</p> <p>In 1983 he accused Mr Ahidjo of organising a coup against him, forcing the former president to flee the country.</p> <p>Born in 1933, Paul Biya was educated in Cameroon and France, where he studied law at the Sorbonne.</p> <p>Goodluck Jonathan inherited the presidency in May 2010 on the death of his predecessor, and went on to win elections in April 2011.</p> <p>International observers gave the 2011 elections their general approval. Other elections since the end of military rule in 1999 have been widely condemned for state-sponsored manipulation.</p> <p>However, the announcement of the results was followed by violence in the northern stronghold of his main opponent, General Muhammadu Buhari.</p> <p>The election results revealed a geographical divide, with Mr Jonathan scoring well in the predominantly Christian south, and Gen Buhari sweeping many of the Muslim-dominated northern states.</p> <p>Mr Jonathan was elected as vice-president to Umaru Yar&#039;Adua in 2007, and had to serve as acting president as Mr Yar&#039;Adua&#039;s health declined.</p> <p>Mr Jonathan has expressed his commitment to fighting corruption. In November 2011, he sacked the head of the country&#039;s anti-corruption agency, accusing her of not doing enough to tackle the problem.</p> <p>The increasing militancy of the northern-based radical Islamist group Boko Haram has also proved to be a major headache for the president. After a series of bloody attacks on Christmas Day 2011, Mr Jonathan vowed that the government would do all in its power to bring the perpetrators to justice. </p> <p>Despite this, in 2012 more than 600 people were killed in attacks blamed on Boko Haram, and President Jonathan went on to declare a state of emergency in three northern states and deploy a large number of troops in May 2013.</p> <p>Mr Jonathan was born in 1957 in Bayelsa, a state in the oil-rich Niger Delta. Unlike his predecessor, who was a Muslim from the northern Katsina state, he is a Christian from the south.</p> <p>After studying zoology at university, he worked as an education inspector, lecturer and environmental protection officer before going into politics in 1998.</p> <p>Elected deputy governor of his native Bayelsa state in 1999, he was promoted when the governor was impeached on corruption charges in 2005.</p> <p>Two years later, he was hand-picked to be Mr Yar&#039;Adua&#039;s running mate in the 2007 election, which the ticket won amid allegations of widespread vote-rigging.</p>
Role of head of state Executive Executive
General government final > Consumption expenditure > Current US$ per capita 96.78$
Ranked 103th.
149.67$
Ranked 88th. 55% more than Cameroon

Start-up procedures to register a business > Number 12
Ranked 42nd. 33% more than Nigeria
9
Ranked 97th.

Democracy > Presidential elections > Voting age population per 1000 365.39
Ranked 87th.
398.29
Ranked 79th. 9% more than Cameroon
Red tape > Burden of customs procedure, WEF > 1=extremely inefficient to 7=extremely efficient per million 0.194
Ranked 98th. 9 times more than Nigeria
0.0213
Ranked 135th.

Strength of legal rights index > 0=weak to 10=strong 3
Ranked 157th.
8
Ranked 37th. 3 times more than Cameroon

Democracy > Bertelsmann Transformation Index > Management Index 2006 3.26
Ranked 98th.
5.33
Ranked 44th. 63% more than Cameroon
General government final > Consumption expenditure > Current US$ > Per $ GDP 0.104$ per $1 of GDP
Ranked 114th.
0.211$ per $1 of GDP
Ranked 28th. 2 times more than Cameroon

Parliament > Seats held by women per million people 1.22
Ranked 142nd. 9 times more than Nigeria
0.138
Ranked 177th.

Democracy > Female suffrage 1946 1958
Red tape > Time required to build a warehouse > Days 139
Ranked 105th. 20% more than Nigeria
116
Ranked 127th.

CPIA building human resources rating > 1=low to 6=high 3.5
Ranked 34th. 17% more than Nigeria
3
Ranked 58th.

Red tape > Time required to start a business > Days per million 0.691
Ranked 133th. 4 times more than Nigeria
0.166
Ranked 171st.

Red tape > Procedures to enforce a contract > Number per million 1.94
Ranked 133th. 8 times more than Nigeria
0.237
Ranked 182nd.

Red tape > Time required to register property > Days per million 4.29
Ranked 88th. 9 times more than Nigeria
0.456
Ranked 156th.

Red tape > Procedures to build a warehouse > Number per million 0.507
Ranked 139th. 5 times more than Nigeria
0.107
Ranked 175th.

Red tape > Time required to build a warehouse > Days per million 6.77
Ranked 140th. 10 times more than Nigeria
0.687
Ranked 178th.

Total businesses registered > Number > Per capita 0.116 per 1,000 people
Ranked 64th.
7.29 per 1,000 people
Ranked 48th. 63 times more than Cameroon

Democracy > Bertelsmann Transformation Index>Political Transformation 4.08
Ranked 83th.
6.05
Ranked 61st. 48% more than Cameroon
Foreign relations > Diplomatic representation in the US > Ambassador Foe-Atangana, Joseph Joseph Foe-Atangana Rotimi, Oluwole Oluwole Rotimi
Time required to build a warehouse > Days 444 days
Ranked 8th.
465 days
Ranked 6th. 5% more than Cameroon

Democracy > Parliamentary elections > Voting age population 6.22 million
Ranked 62nd.
52.79 million
Ranked 11th. 8 times more than Cameroon
CPIA fiscal policy rating > 1=low to 6=high 4
Ranked 16th.
4.5
Ranked 11th. 13% more than Cameroon

CPIA social protection rating > 1=low to 6=high 3
Ranked 41st.
3.5
Ranked 30th. 17% more than Cameroon

CPIA property rights and rule-based governance rating > 1=low to 6=high 2.5
Ranked 51st. The same as Nigeria
2.5
Ranked 60th.

Democracy > Female candidacy 1,946
Ranked 94th.
1,958
Ranked 44th. 1% more than Cameroon
National anthem > Name "O Cameroun, Berceau de nos Ancetres" (O Cameroon, Cradle of Our Forefathers) "Arise Oh Compatriots, Nigeria's Call Obey"
Democracy > Parliamentary elections > Turnout 46.7
Ranked 92nd.
93.1
Ranked 9th. Twice as much as Cameroon
Democracy > Parliamentary elections > Voter registration 3.84 million
Ranked 75th.
57.94 million
Ranked 10th. 15 times more than Cameroon
Democracy > Parliamentary elections > Total vote 2.91 million
Ranked 65th.
49.14 million
Ranked 7th. 17 times more than Cameroon
Start-up procedures to register a business > Number > Per capita 0.719 per 1 million people
Ranked 102nd. 12 times more than Nigeria
0.062 per 1 million people
Ranked 163th.

Time required to enforce a contract > Days 800 days
Ranked 25th. 75% more than Nigeria
457 days
Ranked 89th.

Procedures to register property > Number 5
Ranked 126th.
16
Ranked 1st. 3 times more than Cameroon

Procedures to build a warehouse > Number 15
Ranked 112th.
16
Ranked 99th. 7% more than Cameroon

Form of government presidential unitary republic presidential unitary federation
CPIA equity of public resource use rating 3
Ranked 53th.
3.5
Ranked 41st. 17% more than Cameroon
Democracy > Presidential elections > Turnout per million 0.0
Ranked 78th.
0.433
Ranked 75th.
Democracy > Presidential elections > Turnout 0.0
Ranked 78th.
57.4
Ranked 59th.
Time to prepare and pay taxes > Hours 1,300 hours
Ranked 3rd. 16% more than Nigeria
1,120 hours
Ranked 6th.

Procedures to register property > Number > Per capita 0.3 per 1 million people
Ranked 119th. 3 times more than Nigeria
0.111 per 1 million people
Ranked 147th.

Procedures to enforce a contract > Number > Per capita 3.48 per 1 million people
Ranked 86th. 22 times more than Nigeria
0.159 per 1 million people
Ranked 164th.

National anthem > Note adopted 1957; Cameroon's anthem, also known as "Chant de Ralliement" (The Rallying Song), has been used unofficially since 1948 although officially adopted in 1957; the anthem has French and English versions whose lyrics differ adopted 1978; the lyrics are a mixture of five of the top entries in a national contest
Democracy > CPIA public sector management and institutions cluster average 3.1
Ranked 43th. 11% more than Nigeria
2.8
Ranked 53th.
Red tape > Procedures to enforce a contract > Number 42
Ranked 53th. 5% more than Nigeria
40
Ranked 73th.

Red tape > Procedures to register property > Number per million 0.23
Ranked 134th. 3 times more than Nigeria
0.077
Ranked 170th.

Red tape > Management time dealing with officials > % of management time 7%
Ranked 32nd. 15% more than Nigeria
6.1%
Ranked 7th.
Diplomatic representation from the US > FAX [237] 2220 15 00 Ext. 4531; Consular FAX: [237] 2220 17 52 [234] (9) 461-4171
Diplomatic representation in the US > FAX [1] (202) 387-3826 [1] (202) 362-6541
Capital city > Time difference UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
CPIA quality of public administration rating 3
Ranked 30th. 20% more than Nigeria
2.5
Ranked 68th.
CPIA public sector management and institutions cluster average > 1=low to 6=high 2.9
Ranked 47th. The same as Nigeria
2.9
Ranked 50th.

Time to resolve insolvency > Years 3.2 years
Ranked 61st. 2 times more than Nigeria
1.5 years
Ranked 128th.

General government final > Consumption expenditure > Annual % growth 8.5%
Ranked 19th.
9.72%
Ranked 13th. 14% more than Cameroon

Time required to register property > Days 93 days
Ranked 48th. 16% more than Nigeria
80 days
Ranked 53th.

CPIA policy and institutions for environmental sustainability rating > 1=low to 6=high 3
Ranked 41st. The same as Nigeria
3
Ranked 51st.

CPIA policies for social inclusion or equity cluster average > 1=low to 6=high 3.1
Ranked 50th.
3.2
Ranked 49th. 3% more than Cameroon

CPIA macroeconomic management rating 4
Ranked 20th. The same as Nigeria
4
Ranked 34th.

Procedures to enforce a contract > Number per million 3.12
Ranked 86th. 19 times more than Nigeria
0.16
Ranked 163th.

CPIA financial sector rating > 1=low to 6=high 3
Ranked 40th.
3.5
Ranked 25th. 17% more than Cameroon

CPIA efficiency of revenue mobilisation rating > 1=low to 6=high 3.5
Ranked 32nd. 17% more than Nigeria
3
Ranked 62nd.

Economic management rating 3.67
Ranked 32nd.
4.33
Ranked 13th. 18% more than Cameroon

Democracy > Parliamentary elections > Voting age population per 1000 361.31
Ranked 153th.
398.29
Ranked 143th. 10% more than Cameroon
Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments > % 31.1%
Ranked 36th. 5 times more than Nigeria
6.7%
Ranked 165th.

IDA resource allocation index > 1=low to 6=high 3.21
Ranked 49th.
3.48
Ranked 32nd. 8% more than Cameroon

Commonwealth of Nations > Date joined <span style="display:none">1995-11-13</span>13 November 1995 <span style="display:none">1960-10-01</span>1 October 1960
Legislature (parliament) > Total members of parliament 180
Ranked 60th.
469
Ranked 30th. 3 times more than Cameroon
CPIA structural policies cluster average > 1=low to 6=high 3.17
Ranked 51st.
3.5
Ranked 37th. 10% more than Cameroon

CPIA trade rating > 1=low to 6=high 3.5
Ranked 54th. The same as Nigeria
3.5
Ranked 59th.

Country Policy and Institutional Assessment debt policy rating > 1=low to 6=high 3
Ranked 48th.
4.5
Ranked 14th. 50% more than Cameroon

Informal payments to public officials > % of firms 50.83%
Ranked 5th. 24% more than Nigeria
40.9%
Ranked 6th.
Democracy and rights > Next election May 2014 April 2015
Parliament > Seats held by men per million people 7.54
Ranked 134th. 4 times more than Nigeria
1.93
Ranked 180th.

Democracy and rights > Last election May 2009 April 2011
Start-up procedures to register a business > Number per million 0.645
Ranked 104th. 10 times more than Nigeria
0.0628
Ranked 161st.

Procedures to enforce a contract > Number 58
Ranked 9th. 3 times more than Nigeria
23
Ranked 142nd.

Democracy > CPIA property rights and rule-based governance rating 2.5
Ranked 52nd. The same as Nigeria
2.5
Ranked 61st.
General government final > Consumption expenditure > Current LCU 925900000000 2742600000000
Legislature (parliament) > Term of office for lower house members 5
Ranked 99th. The same as Nigeria
5
Ranked 80th.
CPIA equity of public resource use rating > 1=low to 6=high 3
Ranked 55th.
3.5
Ranked 45th. 17% more than Cameroon

Country Policy and Institutional Assessment > Business regulation effectiveness 3
Ranked 45th.
3.5
Ranked 37th. 17% more than Cameroon

Red tape > Time required to enforce a contract > Days per million 36.87
Ranked 123th. 14 times more than Nigeria
2.71
Ranked 182nd.

Procedures to build a warehouse > Number > Per capita 0.899 per 1 million people
Ranked 116th. 8 times more than Nigeria
0.111 per 1 million people
Ranked 159th.

CPIA quality of public administration rating > 1=low to 6=high 3
Ranked 33th. The same as Nigeria
3
Ranked 46th.

Democracy > CPIA transparency > Accountability > And corruption in the public sector rating 2.5
Ranked 50th.
3
Ranked 40th. 20% more than Cameroon
Democracy > CPIA policies for social inclusion/equity cluster average 3.4
Ranked 32nd. 10% more than Nigeria
3.1
Ranked 53th.
Diplomatic representation in the US > Telephone [1] (202) 265-8790 [1] (202) 986-8400
General government final > Consumption expenditure > Constant LCU 796227300000 88351830000
Procedures to register property > Number per million 0.269
Ranked 120th. 2 times more than Nigeria
0.112
Ranked 147th.

Ruling party People's Movement People's Democrats
Procedures to build a warehouse > Number per million 0.806
Ranked 118th. 7 times more than Nigeria
0.112
Ranked 157th.

SOURCES: CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; World Bank Group, CPIA database (http://www.worldbank.org/ida).; CIA World Factbooks 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013; World Bank, Doing Business project (http://www.doingbusiness.org/).; Wikipedia: List of countries by system of government (Alphabetical list of countries); All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008; World Development Indicators database; Wikipedia: Censorship by country (Censorship by country) ("Press Freedom Index 2013" , Reporters Without Borders, 30 January 2013); United Nations Statistics Division; "2012 Freedom of the Press Data" , Freedom House, 1 May 2012; Freedom House, Freedom in the World 2000-2001, New York: Freedom House, 2001; British Broadcasting Corporation 2014; Source: Millennium Development Goals Database | United Nations Statistics Division; World Economic Forum, Global Competiveness Report and data files.; Bertelsmann Transformation Index online, 2006; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; World Bank, Doing Business project (http://www.doingbusiness.org/). Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Polity IV Project, University of Maryland, at Polity IV Project; United Nations World Statistics Pocketbook and Statistical Yearbook; World Development Indicators database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; CIA World Factbook, 28 July 2005; Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance 2003; Wikipedia: List of legislatures by number of members; Wikipedia: Term of office (Terms of office by country); IPU (Inter-Parliamentary Union). 2001. Correspondence on women in government at the ministerial level. March. Geneva; Wikipedia: International recognition of Israel (UN member states); calculated on the basis of data on parliamentary seats from IPU (Inter-Parliamentary Union). 2002. Parline Database. March 2002; Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance 2003. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Economic Forum, Global Competiveness Report and data files. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; IPU (Inter-Parliamentary Union). 1995. Women in Parliaments 1945-1995: A World Statistical Survey. Geneva and IPU (Inter-Parliamentary Union). 2001. Correspondence on year women received the right to vote and to stand for election and year first woman was elected or appointed to parliament. March. Geneva; http://www.bertelsmann-transformation-index.de/fileadmin/pdf/BTI_2006_Ranking_GB.pdf; Wikipedia: List of ambassadors to the United States; Freedom House (2006-06-27). "2005". Freedom in the World. Retrieved 2006-06-27.; World Bank, Enterprise Surveys; Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) (www.ipu.org); Various sources compiled into Wikipedia's Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations; World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/).; Wikipedia: List of next general elections (Africa); United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.

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