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Administrative divisions: This entry generally gives the numbers, designatory terms, and first-order administrative divisions as approved by the US Board on Geographic Names (BGN). Changes that have been reported but not yet acted on by BGN are noted.
Capital city > Geographic coordinates: This entry gives the name of the seat of government, its geographic coordinates, the time difference relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and the time observed in Washington, DC, and, if applicable, information on daylight saving time (DST). Where appropriate, a special note has been added to highlight those countries that have multiple time zones.
Capital city > Name: This entry gives the name of the seat of government, its geographic coordinates, the time difference relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and the time observed in Washington, DC, and, if applicable, information on daylight saving time (DST). Where appropriate, a special note has been added to highlight those countries that have multiple time zones.
Constitution: The dates of adoption, revisions, and major amendments to a nation's constitution
Diplomatic representation from the US > Mailing address: This entry includes the chief of mission, embassy address, mailing address, telephone number, FAX number, branch office locations, consulate general locations, and consulate locations.
Executive branch > Cabinet: Cabinet includes the official name for any body of high-ranking advisers roughly comparable to a U.S. Cabinet. Also notes the method for selection of members.
Executive branch > Chief of state: The name and title of any person or role roughly equivalent to a U.S. Chief of State. This means the titular leader of the country who represents the state at official and ceremonial functions but may not be involved with the day-to-day activities of the government
Executive branch > Head of government: Head of government includes the name and title of the top administrative leader who is designated to manage the day-to-day activities of the government. For example, in the UK, the monarch is the chief of state, and the prime minister is the head of government. In the US, the president is both the chief of state and the head of government.
Government type: A description of the basic form of government (e.g., republic, constitutional monarchy, federal republic, parliamentary democracy, military dictatorship).
Judicial branch: The name(s) of the highest court(s) and a brief description of the selection process for members.
Legal system: A brief description of the legal system's historical roots, role in government, and acceptance of International Court of Justice (ICJ) jurisdiction.
Legislative branch: This entry contains information on the structure (unicameral, bicameral, tricameral), formal name, number of seats, and term of office. Elections includes the nature of election process or accession to power, date of the last election, and date of the next election. Election results includes the percent of vote and/or number of seats held by each party in the last election.
Political parties and leaders: Significant political organizations and their leaders.
Political pressure groups and leaders: Organizations with leaders involved in politics, but not standing for legislative election.
Suffrage: The age at enfranchisement and whether the right to vote is universal or restricted
International organization participation: This entry lists in alphabetical order by abbreviation those international organizations in which the subject country is a member or participates in some other way.
Country name > Conventional long form: This entry is derived from Government > Country name, which includes all forms of the country's name approved by the US Board on Geographic Names (Italy is used as an example): conventional long form (Italian Republic), conventional short form (Italy), local long form (Repubblica Italiana), local short form (Italia), former (Kingdom of Italy), as well as the abbreviation. Also see the Terminology note.
Executive branch > Elections: Elections includes the nature of election process or accession to power, date of the last election, and date of the next election
National symbol(s): A national symbol is a faunal, floral, or other abstract representation - or some distinctive object - that over time has come to be closely identified with a country or entity. Not all countries have national symbols; a few countries have more than one.
Flag description: A written flag description produced from actual flags or the best information available at the time the entry was written. The flags of independent states are used by their dependencies unless there is an officially recognized local flag. Some disputed and other areas do not have flags.
Red tape > Time required to start a business > Days: Time required to start a business (days). Time required to start a business is the number of calendar days needed to complete the procedures to legally operate a business. If a procedure can be speeded up at additional cost, the fastest procedure, independent of cost, is chosen.
Country name > Conventional short form: This entry is derived from Government > Country name, which includes all forms of the country's name approved by the US Board on Geographic Names (Italy is used as an example): conventional long form (Italian Republic), conventional short form (Italy), local long form (Repubblica Italiana), local short form (Italia), former (Kingdom of Italy), as well as the abbreviation. Also see the Terminology note.
Constitutional form: Constitutional form of government.
Transnational Issues > Disputes > International: This entry includes a wide variety of situations that range from traditional bilateral boundary disputes to unilateral claims of one sort or another. Information regarding disputes over international terrestrial and maritime boundaries has been reviewed by the US Department of State. References to other situations involving borders or frontiers may also be included, such as resource disputes, geopolitical questions, or irredentist issues; however, inclusion does not necessarily constitute official acceptance or recognition by the US Government.
Total businesses registered > Number: Total businesses registered. Because of underreporting of firms that have closed or exited, especially in developing countries, the data on total registered firms may be biased upward.
National anthem: A generally patriotic musical composition - usually in the form of a song or hymn of praise - that evokes and eulogizes the history, traditions, or struggles of a nation or its people. National anthems can be officially recognized as a national song by a country's constitution or by an enacted law, or simply by tradition. Although most anthems contain lyrics, some do not.
Legislative branch > Election results: This entry contains information on the structure (unicameral, bicameral, tricameral), formal name, number of seats, and term of office. Elections includes the nature of election process or accession to power, date of the last election, and date of the next election. Election results includes the percent of vote and/or number of seats held by each party in the last election.
Legislative branch > Elections: This entry contains information on the structure (unicameral, bicameral, tricameral), formal name, number of seats, and term of office. Elections includes the nature of election process or accession to power, date of the last election, and date of the next election. Election results includes the percent of vote and/or number of seats held by each party in the last election.
Democracy and rights > Press freedom index: Compares countries by their degree of government censorship, according to the Press freedom index. This index, created by the non-governmental organization Reporters without borders (RWS), is ellaborated using data from an extensive annual survey sent to professional reporters throughout the world. The survey contains questions about the type and ownership of media present in the country, freedom of speech, violence exerted against reporters, election campaigns, access of political parties to the media, etc.
Parliament > Seats held by women > Percentage: Percentage of seats held by women in country's national parliament or legislative houses.
Independence: For most countries, this entry gives the date that sovereignty was achieved and from which nation, empire, or trusteeship. For the other countries, the date given may not represent "independence" in the strict sense, but rather some significant nationhood event such as the traditional founding date or the date of unification, federation, confederation, establishment, fundamental change in the form of government, or state succession. Dependent areas include the notation "none" followed by the nature of their dependency status. "
Executive branch > Election results: Election results includes the percent of vote for each candidate in the last election (if any)
Judicial branch > Subordinate courts: This entry is derived from Government > Judicial branch, which includes three subfields. The highest court(s) subfield includes the name(s) of a country's highest level court(s), the number and titles of the judges, and the types of cases heard by the court, which commonly are based on civil, criminal, administrative, and constitutional law. A number of countries have separate constitutional courts. The judge selection and term of office subfield includes the organizations and associated officials responsible for nominating and appointing judges, and a brief description of the process. The selection process can be indicative of the independence of a country's court system from other branches of its government. Also included in this subfield are judges' tenures, which can range from a few years, to a specified retirement age, to lifelong appointments. The subordinate courts subfield lists the courts lower in the hierarchy of a country's court system. A few countries with federal-style governments, such as Brazil, Canada, and the US, in addition to their federal court, have separate state- or province-level court systems, though generally the two systems interact.
Basis of executive legitimacy: Basis of executive legitimacy.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Transnational Issues > Illicit drugs: This entry gives information on the five categories of illicit drugs - narcotics, stimulants, depressants (sedatives), hallucinogens, and cannabis. These categories include many drugs legally produced and prescribed by doctors as well as those illegally produced and sold outside of medical channels.
Cannabis (Cannabis sativa) is the common hemp plant, which provides hallucinogens with some sedative properties, and includes marijuana (pot, Acapulco gold, grass, reefer), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, Marinol), hashish (hash), and hashish oil (hash oil).
Coca (mostly Erythroxylum coca) is a bush with leaves that contain the stimulant used to make cocaine. Coca is not to be confused with cocoa, which comes from cacao seeds and is used in making chocolate, cocoa, and cocoa butter.
Cocaine is a stimulant derived from the leaves of the coca bush.
Depressants (sedatives) are drugs that reduce tension and anxiety and include chloral hydrate, barbiturates (Amytal, Nembutal, Seconal, phenobarbital), benzodiazepines (Librium, Valium), methaqualone (Quaalude), glutethimide (Doriden), and others (Equanil, Placidyl, Valmid).
Drugs are any chemical substances that effect a physical, mental, emotional, or behavioral change in an individual.
Drug abuse is the use of any licit or illicit chemical substance that results in physical, mental, emotional, or behavioral impairment in an individual.
Hallucinogens are drugs that affect sensation, thinking, self-awareness, and emotion. Hallucinogens include LSD (acid, microdot), mescaline and peyote (mexc, buttons, cactus), amphetamine variants (PMA, STP, DOB), phencyclidine (PCP, angel dust, hog), phencyclidine analogues (PCE, PCPy, TCP), and others (psilocybin, psilocyn).
Hashish is the resinous exudate of the cannabis or hemp plant (Cannabis sativa).
Heroin is a semisynthetic derivative of morphine.
Mandrax is a trade name for methaqualone, a pharmaceutical depressant.
Marijuana is the dried leaf of the cannabis or hemp plant (Cannabis sativa).
Methaqualone is a pharmaceutical depressant, referred to as mandrax in Southwest Asia and Africa.
Narcotics are drugs that relieve pain, often induce sleep, and refer to opium, opium derivatives, and synthetic substitutes. Natural narcotics include opium (paregoric, parepectolin), morphine (MS-Contin, Roxanol), codeine (Tylenol with codeine, Empirin with codeine, Robitussin AC), and thebaine. Semisynthetic narcotics ...
Full definition
Country name > Local short form: This entry is derived from Government > Country name, which includes all forms of the country's name approved by the US Board on Geographic Names (Italy is used as an example): conventional long form (Italian Republic), conventional short form (Italy), local long form (Repubblica Italiana), local short form (Italia), former (Kingdom of Italy), as well as the abbreviation. Also see the Terminology note.
Democracy and rights > Freedom of the press: Compares countries by freedom of the press. The lower the score, the more free the press of that country is. The scores are taken from the Freedom of the Press Index, elaborated by Freedom House, self-defined as "an independent watchdog organization dedicated to the expansion of freedom around the world". The data used in the index come from an annual survey of media independence in 197 countries and territories, assessing the degree of print, broadcast, and internet freedom in each of them.
Proportion of seats held by women in national parliament: Women in parliaments are the percentage of parliamentary seats in a single or lower chamber occupied by women.
Diplomatic representation from the US > Embassy: This entry includes the chief of mission, embassy address, mailing address, telephone number, FAX number, branch office locations, consulate general locations, and consulate locations.
Red tape > Start-up procedures to register a business > Number: Start-up procedures to register a business (number). Start-up procedures are those required to start a business, including interactions to obtain necessary permits and licenses and to complete all inscriptions, verifications, and notifications to start operations. Data are for businesses with specific characteristics of ownership, size, and type of production.
Democracy and rights > Nationalist vote: Percentage of votes at the most recent national election that went to parties with a nationalist ideology.
Democracy > Civil and political liberties: Civil and political liberties
Units: Index Ranging from 7 (High Levels of Liberties) to 1 (Low
Units: This is the average of two indicators - civil liberties and political liberties.
General government final > Consumption expenditure > Current US$: General government final consumption expenditure (formerly general government consumption) includes all government current expenditures for purchases of goods and services (including compensation of employees). It also includes most expenditures on national defense and security, but excludes government military expenditures that are part of government capital formation. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
National holiday: The primary national day of celebration - often independence day.
Capital > Geographic coordinates: This entry is derived from Government > Capital, which gives the name of the seat of government, its geographic coordinates, the time difference relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and the time observed in Washington, DC, and, if applicable, information on daylight saving time (DST). Where appropriate, a special note has been added to highlight those countries that have multiple time zones.
Democracy > First female parliamentarian: Year first woman elected or appointed to parliament.
Time required to start a business > Days: Time required to start a business is the number of calendar days needed to complete the procedures to legally operate a business. If a procedure can be speeded up at additional cost, the fastest procedure, independent of cost, is chosen.
Leaders > President: Government > Leaders > President
Judicial branch > Judge selection and term of office: This entry is derived from Government > Judicial branch, which includes three subfields. The highest court(s) subfield includes the name(s) of a country's highest level court(s), the number and titles of the judges, and the types of cases heard by the court, which commonly are based on civil, criminal, administrative, and constitutional law. A number of countries have separate constitutional courts. The judge selection and term of office subfield includes the organizations and associated officials responsible for nominating and appointing judges, and a brief description of the process. The selection process can be indicative of the independence of a country's court system from other branches of its government. Also included in this subfield are judges' tenures, which can range from a few years, to a specified retirement age, to lifelong appointments. The subordinate courts subfield lists the courts lower in the hierarchy of a country's court system. A few countries with federal-style governments, such as Brazil, Canada, and the US, in addition to their federal court, have separate state- or province-level court systems, though generally the two systems interact.
Democracy and rights > Democracy Index: DI 2012.
Red tape > Burden of customs procedure, WEF > 1=extremely inefficient to 7=extremely efficient: Burden of customs procedure, WEF (1=extremely inefficient to 7=extremely efficient). Burden of Customs Procedure measures business executives' perceptions of their country's efficiency of customs procedures. The rating ranges from 1 to 7, with a higher score indicating greater efficiency. Data are from the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey, conducted for 30 years in collaboration with 150 partner institutes. The 2009 round included more than 13,000 respondents from 133 countries. Sampling follows a dual stratification based on company size and the sector of activity. Data are collected online or through in-person interviews. Responses are aggregated using sector-weighted averaging. The data for the latest year are combined with the data for the previous year to create a two-year moving average. Respondents evaluated the efficiency of customs procedures in their country. The lowest score (1) rates the customs procedure as extremely inefficient, and the highest score (7) as extremely efficient.
Red tape > Time required to register property > Days: Time required to register property (days). Time required to register property is the number of calendar days needed for businesses to secure rights to property.
Politics: Country politics.
International law organization participation: This entry includes information on a country's acceptance of jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and of the International Criminal Court (ICCt); 55 countries have accepted ICJ jurisdiction with reservations and 11 have accepted ICJ jurisdiction without reservations; 114 countries have accepted ICCt jurisdiction. Appendix B: International Organizations and Groups explains the differing mandates of the ICJ and ICCt.
Parliament > Seats held by men: Number of seats held by men in country's naitonal parliament or legislative houses.
Country name > Local long form: This entry is derived from Government > Country name, which includes all forms of the country's name approved by the US Board on Geographic Names (Italy is used as an example): conventional long form (Italian Republic), conventional short form (Italy), local long form (Repubblica Italiana), local short form (Italia), former (Kingdom of Italy), as well as the abbreviation. Also see the Terminology note.
Red tape > Time to resolve insolvency > Years: Time to resolve insolvency (years). Time to resolve insolvency is the number of years from the filing for insolvency in court until the resolution of distressed assets.
Red tape > Start-up procedures to register a business > Number per million: Start-up procedures to register a business (number). Start-up procedures are those required to start a business, including interactions to obtain necessary permits and licenses and to complete all inscriptions, verifications, and notifications to start operations. Data are for businesses with specific characteristics of ownership, size, and type of production. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Diplomatic representation in the US > Chief of mission: This entry includes the chief of mission, chancery, telephone, FAX, consulate general locations, and consulate locations.
Diplomatic representation in the US > Chancery: This entry includes the chief of mission, chancery, telephone, FAX, consulate general locations, and consulate locations.
Diplomatic representation from the US > Telephone: This entry includes the chief of mission, embassy address, mailing address, telephone number, FAX number, branch office locations, consulate general locations, and consulate locations.
Diplomatic representation from the US > Chief of mission: This entry includes the chief of mission, embassy address, mailing address, telephone number, FAX number, branch office locations, consulate general locations, and consulate locations.
Parliament > Seats held by women: Number of seats held by women in country's parliament or legislative houses.
Leaders > President > Summary: Government > Leaders > President > Summary
Foreign relations > Date of recognition of Israel: Date on which Israel was officially recognized as a state. Note that some countries had a “de facto” recognition in place long before the legal recognition.
Democracy > Democratic institutions rating: Democratic institutions
Units: Scale ranging from -10 (autocratic) to +10 (democratic)
UN membership date: Date of United Nations Membership
Democracy and rights > Democracy Index per million people: DI 2012. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
Total businesses registered > Number per 1000: Total businesses registered. Because of underreporting of firms that have closed or exited, especially in developing countries, the data on total registered firms may be biased upward. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Red tape > Procedures to build a warehouse > Number: Procedures to build a warehouse (number). Number of procedures to build a warehouse is the number of interactions of a company's employees or managers with external parties, including government agency staff, public inspectors, notaries, land registry and cadastre staff, and technical experts apart from architects and engineers.
Capital city: The location of the seat of government.
Capital > Name: This entry is derived from Government > Capital, which gives the name of the seat of government, its geographic coordinates, the time difference relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and the time observed in Washington, DC, and, if applicable, information on daylight saving time (DST). Where appropriate, a special note has been added to highlight those countries that have multiple time zones.
General government final > Consumption expenditure > Current US$ > Per capita: General government final consumption expenditure (formerly general government consumption) includes all government current expenditures for purchases of goods and services (including compensation of employees). It also includes most expenditures on national defense and security, but excludes government military expenditures that are part of government capital formation. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Spending > Expense > Current LCU: Expense is cash payments for operating activities of the government in providing goods and services. It includes compensation of employees (such as wages and salaries), interest and subsidies, grants, social benefits, and other expenses such as rent and dividends."
Red tape > Time required to get electricity > Days: Time required to get electricity (days). Time required to get electricity is the number of days to obtain a permanent electricity connection. The measure captures the median duration that the electricity utility and experts indicate is necessary in practice, rather than required by law, to complete a procedure.
Democracy > Parliamentary elections > Registered voter turnout: The proportion of registered voters who actually voted.
Legislature (parliament) > People per member: Number of people each member of the legislature represents on average. The number of members of the legislature is the sum of the members of all chambers of parliament, if applicable.
Capital > Time difference: This entry is derived from Government > Capital, which gives the name of the seat of government, its geographic coordinates, the time difference relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and the time observed in Washington, DC, and, if applicable, information on daylight saving time (DST). Where appropriate, a special note has been added to highlight those countries that have multiple time zones.
International relations: Country international relations.
Red tape > Time required to get electricity > Days per million: Time required to get electricity (days). Time required to get electricity is the number of days to obtain a permanent electricity connection. The measure captures the median duration that the electricity utility and experts indicate is necessary in practice, rather than required by law, to complete a procedure. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Leaders > Head of state > Term limit for head of state: Head(s) of state.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Legislature (parliament) > Lower house members: Members of the lower house of the legislature or of the only chamber in a unicameral system.
Red tape > Time required to enforce a contract > Days: Time required to enforce a contract (days). Time required to enforce a contract is the number of calendar days from the filing of the lawsuit in court until the final determination and, in appropriate cases, payment.
Democracy > Female parliamentarians: Seats in parliament held by women (as % of total). Data are as of 8 March 2002. Where there are lower and upper houses, data refer to the weighted average of women's shares of seats in both houses.
Red tape > Procedures to register property > Number: Procedures to register property (number). Number of procedures to register property is the number of procedures required for a businesses to secure rights to property.
Leaders > President > Profile: Government > Leaders > President > Profile
Role of head of state: Head of state.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
General government final > Consumption expenditure > Current US$ per capita: General government final consumption expenditure (formerly general government consumption) includes all government current expenditures for purchases of goods and services (including compensation of employees). It also includes most expenditures on national defense and security, but excludes government military expenditures that are part of government capital formation. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Administrative divisions > Note: This entry generally gives the numbers, designatory terms, and first-order administrative divisions as approved by the US Board on Geographic Names (BGN). Changes that have been reported but not yet acted on by BGN are noted.
Democracy and rights > Nationalist party (percent of vote): This list shows the percentage of votes obtained by nationalist parties across Europe at the latest elections held in their respective countries. Note that the percentages show the votes from all the parties combined, and only for general elections (some parties may obtain a quite higher percentage in regional elections). Nationalist parties usually hold right-wing populist views, and among their common demands are a higher control of immigration, extended social/labor rights for country nationals, and a restriction of islamic customs -such as the veil or the construction of mosques-, though their ideologies and goals vary from country to country. Some parties have as their main goal the seggregation of a region from its parent country (with examples in Scotland, Catalonia and Northern Ireland). Most of nationalist parties with elected members in the European Parliament belong to the Europe of Freedom and Democracy group.
Start-up procedures to register a business > Number: Start-up procedures are those required to start a business, including interactions to obtain necessary permits and licenses and to complete all inscriptions, verifications, and notifications to start operations. Data are for businesses with specific characteristics of ownership, size, and type of production.
Strength of legal rights index > 0=weak to 10=strong: Strength of legal rights index measures the degree to which collateral and bankruptcy laws protect the rights of borrowers and lenders and thus facilitate lending. The index ranges from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating that these laws are better designed to expand access to credit."
Red tape > Burden of customs procedure, WEF > 1=extremely inefficient to 7=extremely efficient per million: Burden of customs procedure, WEF (1=extremely inefficient to 7=extremely efficient). Burden of Customs Procedure measures business executives' perceptions of their country's efficiency of customs procedures. The rating ranges from 1 to 7, with a higher score indicating greater efficiency. Data are from the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey, conducted for 30 years in collaboration with 150 partner institutes. The 2009 round included more than 13,000 respondents from 133 countries. Sampling follows a dual stratification based on company size and the sector of activity. Data are collected online or through in-person interviews. Responses are aggregated using sector-weighted averaging. The data for the latest year are combined with the data for the previous year to create a two-year moving average. Respondents evaluated the efficiency of customs procedures in their country. The lowest score (1) rates the customs procedure as extremely inefficient, and the highest score (7) as extremely efficient. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Spending > Subsidies and other transfers > Current LCU: Subsidies, grants, and other social benefits include all unrequited, nonrepayable transfers on current account to private and public enterprises; grants to foreign governments, international organisations, and other government units; and social security, social assistance benefits, and employer social benefits in cash and in kind."
Spending > Compensation of employees > Current LCU: Compensation of employees consists of all payments in cash, as well as in kind (such as food and housing), to employees in return for services rendered, and government contributions to social insurance schemes such as social security and pensions that provide benefits to employees."
General government final > Consumption expenditure > Current US$ > Per $ GDP: General government final consumption expenditure (formerly general government consumption) includes all government current expenditures for purchases of goods and services (including compensation of employees). It also includes most expenditures on national defense and security, but excludes government military expenditures that are part of government capital formation. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1 $ gross domestic product.
Parliament > Seats held by women per million people: Number of seats held by women in country's parliament or legislative houses. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
Democracy > Female suffrage: Year in which women received the right to vote. Data refer to the year in which right to vote or stand for election on a universal and equal basis was recognized. Where two years are shown, the first refers to the first partial recognition of the right to vote.
Red tape > Time required to build a warehouse > Days: Time required to build a warehouse (days). Time required to build a warehouse is the number of calendar days needed to complete the required procedures for building a warehouse. If a procedure can be speeded up at additional cost, the fastest procedure, independent of cost, is chosen.
Red tape > Procedures to enforce a contract > Number per million: Procedures to enforce a contract (number). Number of procedures to enforce a contract are the number of independent actions, mandated by law or courts, that demand interaction between the parties of a contract or between them and the judge or court officer. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Red tape > Time required to start a business > Days per million: Time required to start a business (days). Time required to start a business is the number of calendar days needed to complete the procedures to legally operate a business. If a procedure can be speeded up at additional cost, the fastest procedure, independent of cost, is chosen. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Red tape > Time required to register property > Days per million: Time required to register property (days). Time required to register property is the number of calendar days needed for businesses to secure rights to property. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Red tape > Procedures to build a warehouse > Number per million: Procedures to build a warehouse (number). Number of procedures to build a warehouse is the number of interactions of a company's employees or managers with external parties, including government agency staff, public inspectors, notaries, land registry and cadastre staff, and technical experts apart from architects and engineers. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Red tape > Time required to build a warehouse > Days per million: Time required to build a warehouse (days). Time required to build a warehouse is the number of calendar days needed to complete the required procedures for building a warehouse. If a procedure can be speeded up at additional cost, the fastest procedure, independent of cost, is chosen. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Capital > Daylight saving time: This entry is derived from Government > Capital, which gives the name of the seat of government, its geographic coordinates, the time difference relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and the time observed in Washington, DC, and, if applicable, information on daylight saving time (DST). Where appropriate, a special note has been added to highlight those countries that have multiple time zones.
Total businesses registered > Number > Per capita: Total businesses registered. Because of underreporting of firms that have closed or exited, especially in developing countries, the data on total registered firms may be biased upward. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Spending > Interest payments > Current LCU: Interest payments include interest payments on government debt--including long-term bonds, long-term loans, and other debt instruments--to domestic and foreign residents."
Democracy and rights > Votes for nationalist parties: Absolute number of votes at the most recent national election that went to parties with a nationalist ideology.
Foreign relations > Diplomatic representation in the US > Ambassador: Name of ambassador to the USA.
Transnational Issues > Refugees and internally displaced persons > Stateless persons per thousand people: This entry is derived from Government > Transnational Issues > Refugees and internally displaced persons, which includes those persons residing in a country as refugees or internally displaced persons (IDPs). Each country's refugee entry includes only countries of origin that are the source of refugee populations of 5,000 or more. The definition of a refugee according to a United Nations Convention is "a person who is outside his/her country of nationality or habitual residence; has a well-founded fear of persecution because of his/her race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group or political opinion; and is unable or unwilling to avail himself/herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution." The UN established the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in 1950 to handle refugee matters worldwide. The UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) has a different operational definition for a Palestinian refugee: "a person whose normal place of residence was Palestine during the period 1 June 1946 to 15 May 1948 and who lost both home and means of livelihood as a result of the 1948 conflict." However, UNHCR also assists some 400,000 Palestinian refugees not covered under the UNRWA definition. The term "internally displaced person" is not specifically covered in the UN Convention; it is used to describe people who have fled their homes for reasons similar to refugees, but who remain within their own national territory and are subject to the laws of that state. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Transnational Issues > Refugees and internally displaced persons > Stateless persons: This entry is derived from Government > Transnational Issues > Refugees and internally displaced persons, which includes those persons residing in a country as refugees or internally displaced persons (IDPs). Each country's refugee entry includes only countries of origin that are the source of refugee populations of 5,000 or more. The definition of a refugee according to a United Nations Convention is "a person who is outside his/her country of nationality or habitual residence; has a well-founded fear of persecution because of his/her race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group or political opinion; and is unable or unwilling to avail himself/herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution." The UN established the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in 1950 to handle refugee matters worldwide. The UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) has a different operational definition for a Palestinian refugee: "a person whose normal place of residence was Palestine during the period 1 June 1946 to 15 May 1948 and who lost both home and means of livelihood as a result of the 1948 conflict." However, UNHCR also assists some 400,000 Palestinian refugees not covered under the UNRWA definition. The term "internally displaced person" is not specifically covered in the UN Convention; it is used to describe people who have fled their homes for reasons similar to refugees, but who remain within their own national territory and are subject to the laws of that state.
General government final > Consumption expenditure > Constant 2000 US$ > Per capita: General government final consumption expenditure (formerly general government consumption) includes all government current expenditures for purchases of goods and services (including compensation of employees). It also includes most expenditures on national defense and security, but excludes government military expenditures that are part of government capital formation. Data are in constant 2000 U.S. dollars. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Time required to build a warehouse > Days: Time required to build a warehouse is the number of calendar days needed to complete the required procedures for building a warehouse. If a procedure can be speeded up at additional cost, the fastest procedure, independent of cost, is chosen.
Democracy > Parliamentary elections > Voting age population: International IDEA has chosen to use not only the reported registration rate to calculate turnout percentages, but also the voting age population (VAP) which includes all citizens above the legal voting age
Failed States Index: FSI 2013.
Democracy > Female candidacy: Year in which women received the right to stand for election. Data refer to the year in which right to vote or stand for election on a universal and equal basis was recognized. Where two years are shown, the first refers to the first partial recognition of the right to stand for election.
Trademarks > Nonresidents per 1000: Trademark applications filed are applications for registration of a trademark with a national or regional trademark office. Trademarks are distinctive signs that identify goods or services as those produced or provided by a specific person or enterprise. Trademarks protect owners of the mark by ensuring exclusive right to use it to identify goods or services or to authorize its use in return for payment. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Trademarks > Nonresidents > Per capita: Trademark applications filed are applications for registration of a trademark with a national or regional trademark office. Trademarks are distinctive signs that identify goods or services as those produced or provided by a specific person or enterprise. Trademarks protect owners of the mark by ensuring exclusive right to use it to identify goods or services or to authorize its use in return for payment. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Democracy > Parliamentary elections > Voter registration: The number of registered voters. The figure represents the number of names on the voters' register at the time that the registration process closes, as reported by the electoral management body.
Democracy > Parliamentary elections > Total vote: The total number of votes cast in the relevant election. Total vote includes valid and invalid votes, as well as blank votes in cases where these are separated from invalid votes. More information on valid, invalid and blank votes can be found at aceproject.org
Start-up procedures to register a business > Number > Per capita: Start-up procedures are those required to start a business, including interactions to obtain necessary permits and licenses and to complete all inscriptions, verifications, and notifications to start operations. Data are for businesses with specific characteristics of ownership, size, and type of production. Per capita figures expressed per 1 million population.
Time required to enforce a contract > Days: Time required to enforce a contract is the number of calendar days from the filing of the lawsuit in court until the final determination and, in appropriate cases, payment.
Procedures to register property > Number: Number of procedures to register property is the number of procedures required for a businesses to secure rights to property.
Procedures to build a warehouse > Number: Number of procedures to build a warehouse is the number of interactions of a company's employees or managers with external parties, including government agency staff, public inspectors, notaries, land registry and cadastre staff, and technical experts apart from architects and engineers.
Council of EU > 2005 > Country votes: January 1, 2005
Foreign relations > Recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia: Statements on the status of Abkhazia and South Ossetia issued by countries who do not recognize their sovereignty.
Legislature (parliament) > Total members of parliament: Number of members of the legislature (sum of members of all chambers of parliament where applicable).
General government final > Consumption expenditure > Current LCU: General government final consumption expenditure (formerly general government consumption) includes all government current expenditures for purchases of goods and services (including compensation of employees). It also includes most expenditures on national defense and security, but excludes government military expenditures that are part of government capital formation. Data are in current local currency.
Red tape > Procedures to enforce a contract > Number: Procedures to enforce a contract (number). Number of procedures to enforce a contract are the number of independent actions, mandated by law or courts, that demand interaction between the parties of a contract or between them and the judge or court officer.
Red tape > Procedures to register property > Number per million: Procedures to register property (number). Number of procedures to register property is the number of procedures required for a businesses to secure rights to property. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Red tape > Management time dealing with officials > % of management time: Management time dealing with officials (% of management time). Time dealing with officials is the percentage of management time in a given week spent on requirements imposed by government regulations (taxes, customs, labor regulations, licensing and registration).
European Union > Council of the European Union votes: Number of votes each member state of the European Union has in the Council of the European Union.
Trademarks > Residents: Trademark applications filed are applications for registration of a trademark with a national or regional trademark office. Trademarks are distinctive signs that identify goods or services as those produced or provided by a specific person or enterprise. Trademarks protect owners of the mark by ensuring exclusive right to use it to identify goods or services or to authorize its use in return for payment.
Procedures to build a warehouse > Number > Per capita: Number of procedures to build a warehouse is the number of interactions of a company's employees or managers with external parties, including government agency staff, public inspectors, notaries, land registry and cadastre staff, and technical experts apart from architects and engineers. Per capita figures expressed per 1 million population.
Management time dealing with officials > % of management time: Time dealing with officials is the percentage of management time in a given week spent on requirements imposed by government regulations (taxes, customs, labor regulations, licensing and registration).
Council of EU > 2007 > Country votes: January 1, 2007
Council of EU > 2005 > Country leader: January 1, 2005
Council of EU > 2007 > Country leader: January 1, 2007
Diplomatic representation in the US > Telephone: This entry includes the chief of mission, chancery, telephone, FAX, consulate general locations, and consulate locations.
Capital city > Time difference: This entry gives the name of the seat of government, its geographic coordinates, the time difference relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and the time observed in Washington, DC, and, if applicable, information on daylight saving time (DST). Where appropriate, a special note has been added to highlight those countries that have multiple time zones.
Time to resolve insolvency > Years: Time to resolve insolvency is the number of years from the filing for insolvency in court until the resolution of distressed assets.
General government final > Consumption expenditure > Constant LCU: General government final consumption expenditure (formerly general government consumption) includes all government current expenditures for purchases of goods and services (including compensation of employees). It also includes most expenditures on national defense and security, but excludes government military expenditures that are part of government capital formation. Data are in constant local currency.
Policy uncertainty > % of managers surveyed ranking this as a major business constraint: Policy uncertainty measures the share of senior managers who ranked economic and regulatory policy uncertainty as a major or very severe constraint.
Procedures to enforce a contract > Number per million: Number of procedures to enforce a contract are the number of independent actions, mandated by law or courts, that demand interaction between the parties of a contract or between them and the judge or court officer. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Spending > Other expense > Current LCU: Other expense is spending on dividends, rent, and other miscellaneous expenses, including provision for consumption of fixed capital."
Trademarks > Residents per million: Trademark applications filed are applications for registration of a trademark with a national or regional trademark office. Trademarks are distinctive signs that identify goods or services as those produced or provided by a specific person or enterprise. Trademarks protect owners of the mark by ensuring exclusive right to use it to identify goods or services or to authorize its use in return for payment. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
General government final > Consumption expenditure > Annual % growth: Annual percentage growth of general government final consumption expenditure based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2000 U.S. dollars. General government final consumption expenditure (general government consumption) includes all government current expenditures for purchases of goods and services (including compensation of employees). It also includes most expenditures on national defense and security, but excludes government military expenditures that are part of government capital formation.
Ruling party: In power now.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Time required to register property > Days: Time required to register property is the number of calendar days needed for businesses to secure rights to property.
Trademarks > Nonresidents: Trademark applications filed are applications for registration of a trademark with a national or regional trademark office. Trademarks are distinctive signs that identify goods or services as those produced or provided by a specific person or enterprise. Trademarks protect owners of the mark by ensuring exclusive right to use it to identify goods or services or to authorize its use in return for payment.
Trademarks > Residents > Per capita: Trademark applications filed are applications for registration of a trademark with a national or regional trademark office. Trademarks are distinctive signs that identify goods or services as those produced or provided by a specific person or enterprise. Trademarks protect owners of the mark by ensuring exclusive right to use it to identify goods or services or to authorize its use in return for payment. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments > %: Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%). Women in parliaments are the percentage of parliamentary seats in a single or lower chamber held by women.
Spending > Subsidies and other transfers > % of expense: Subsidies, grants, and other social benefits include all unrequited, nonrepayable transfers on current account to private and public enterprises; grants to foreign governments, international organisations, and other government units; and social security, social assistance benefits, and employer social benefits in cash and in kind."
Parliamentary republic adoption date: Date each country adopted the parliamentary republic form of government.
Parliament > Seats held by men per million people: Number of seats held by men in country's naitonal parliament or legislative houses. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
Spending > Interest payments > % of revenue: Interest payments include interest payments on government debt--including long-term bonds, long-term loans, and other debt instruments--to domestic and foreign residents."
Democracy and rights > Last election: Last election.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Diplomatic representation in the US > Consulate(s) general: This entry includes the chief of mission, chancery, telephone, FAX, consulate general locations, and consulate locations.
Council of EU > 2005 > European party of leader: January 1, 2005
Council of EU > 2007 > European party of leader: January 1, 2007
Foreign relations > Date of establishment of relations with China: The date on which each country established diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic of China.
Democracy > Parliamentary elections > Voting age population per 1000: International IDEA has chosen to use not only the reported registration rate to calculate turnout percentages, but also the voting age population (VAP) which includes all citizens above the legal voting age. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Start-up procedures to register a business > Number per million: Start-up procedures are those required to start a business, including interactions to obtain necessary permits and licenses and to complete all inscriptions, verifications, and notifications to start operations. Data are for businesses with specific characteristics of ownership, size, and type of production. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Procedures to enforce a contract > Number: Number of procedures to enforce a contract are the number of independent actions, mandated by law or courts, that demand interaction between the parties of a contract or between them and the judge or court officer.
Diplomatic representation in the US > FAX: This entry includes the chief of mission, chancery, telephone, FAX, consulate general locations, and consulate locations.
Spending > Goods and services expense > % of expense: Goods and services include all government payments in exchange for goods and services used for the production of market and nonmarket goods and services. Own-account capital formation is excluded.
General government final > Consumption expenditure > Constant 2000 US$ per capita: General government final consumption expenditure (formerly general government consumption) includes all government current expenditures for purchases of goods and services (including compensation of employees). It also includes most expenditures on national defense and security, but excludes government military expenditures that are part of government capital formation. Data are in constant 2000 U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Spending > Compensation of employees > % of expense: Compensation of employees consists of all payments in cash, as well as in kind (such as food and housing), to employees in return for services rendered, and government contributions to social insurance schemes such as social security and pensions that provide benefits to employees."
Spending > Interest payments > % of expense: Interest payments include interest payments on government debt--including long-term bonds, long-term loans, and other debt instruments--to domestic and foreign residents."
Spending > Other expense > % of expense: Other expense is spending on dividends, rent, and other miscellaneous expenses, including provision for consumption of fixed capital."
Informal payments to public officials > % of firms: Informal payments to public officials are the percentage of firms expected to make informal payments to public officials to ""get things done"" with regard to customs, taxes, licenses, regulations, services, and the like."
Procedures to register property > Number per million: Number of procedures to register property is the number of procedures required for a businesses to secure rights to property. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Procedures to build a warehouse > Number per million: Number of procedures to build a warehouse is the number of interactions of a company's employees or managers with external parties, including government agency staff, public inspectors, notaries, land registry and cadastre staff, and technical experts apart from architects and engineers. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Legislature (parliament) > Term of office for lower house members: Members of the lower (or sole) house.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Spending > Expense > % of GDP: Expense is cash payments for operating activities of the government in providing goods and services. It includes compensation of employees (such as wages and salaries), interest and subsidies, grants, social benefits, and other expenses such as rent and dividends."
Foreign relations > Date of recognition of Kosovo: Date on which Kosovo was officially recognized as a state.
Red tape > Time required to enforce a contract > Days per million: Time required to enforce a contract (days). Time required to enforce a contract is the number of calendar days from the filing of the lawsuit in court until the final determination and, in appropriate cases, payment. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Time to prepare and pay taxes > Hours: Time to prepare and pay taxes is the time, in hours per year, it takes to prepare, file, and pay (or withhold) three major types of taxes: the corporate income tax, the value added or sales tax, and labor taxes, including payroll taxes and social security contributions.
General government final > Consumption expenditure > Constant 2000 US$: General government final consumption expenditure (formerly general government consumption) includes all government current expenditures for purchases of goods and services (including compensation of employees). It also includes most expenditures on national defense and security, but excludes government military expenditures that are part of government capital formation. Data are in constant 2000 U.S. dollars.
Procedures to register property > Number > Per capita: Number of procedures to register property is the number of procedures required for a businesses to secure rights to property. Per capita figures expressed per 1 million population.
Procedures to enforce a contract > Number > Per capita: Number of procedures to enforce a contract are the number of independent actions, mandated by law or courts, that demand interaction between the parties of a contract or between them and the judge or court officer. Per capita figures expressed per 1 million population.
Spending > Goods and services expense > Current LCU: Goods and services include all government payments in exchange for goods and services used for the production of market and nonmarket goods and services. Own-account capital formation is excluded.
Council of EU > 2006 > Country votes: January 1, 2006
Diplomatic representation from the US > FAX: This entry includes the chief of mission, embassy address, mailing address, telephone number, FAX number, branch office locations, consulate general locations, and consulate locations.
Democracy > Parliamentary elections > Invalid votes: The number of invalid votes, as reported by each country.
Democracy and rights > Next election: Next election.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

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STAT	Estonia	Ireland
Administrative divisions	15 counties (maakonnad, singular - maakond); Harjumaa (Tallinn), Hiiumaa (Kardla), Ida-Virumaa (Johvi), Jarvamaa (Paide), Jogevamaa (Jogeva), Laanemaa (Haapsalu), Laane-Virumaa (Rakvere), Parnumaa (Parnu), Polvamaa (Polva), Raplamaa (Rapla), Saaremaa (Kuressaare), Tartumaa (Tartu), Valgamaa (Valga), Viljandimaa (Viljandi), Vorumaa (Voru)	29 counties and 5 cities; Carlow, Cavan, Clare, Cork, Cork, Donegal, Dublin, Dun Laoghaire-Rathdown, Fingal, Galway, Galway, Kerry, Kildare, Kilkenny, Laois, Leitrim, Limerick, Limerick, Longford, Louth, Mayo, Meath, Monaghan, North Tipperary, Offaly, Roscommon, Sligo, South Dublin, South Tipperary, Waterford, Waterford, Westmeath, Wexford, Wicklow
Capital city > Geographic coordinates	59	53
Capital city > Name	Tallinn	Dublin
Constitution	several previous; latest adopted 28 June 1992; amended several times, last in 2012	previous 1922; latest drafted 14 June 1937, adopted by plebiscite 1 July 1937, effective 29 December 1937; amended many times, last in 2012
Diplomatic representation from the US > Mailing address	use embassy street address	use embassy street address
Executive branch > Cabinet	Ministers appointed by the prime minister, approved by Parliament	Cabinet appointed by the president with previous nomination by the prime minister and approval of the lower house of Parliament
Executive branch > Chief of state	President Toomas Hendrik ILVES (since 9 October 2006)	President Michael D. HIGGINS (since 29 October 2011)
Executive branch > Head of government	Prime Minister Andrus ANSIP (since 12 April 2005)	Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Enda KENNY (since 9 March 2011)
Government type	parliamentary republic	republic, parliamentary democracy
Judicial branch	Supreme Court (chairman appointed for life by Parliament)	Supreme Court (Court of Final Appeal) (judges appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister and cabinet); Courts of First Instance (includes High Court)
Legal system	civil law system	common law system based on the English model but substantially modified by customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court
Legislative branch	unicameral Parliament or Riigikogu	bicameral Parliament or Oireachtas consists of the Senate or Seanad Eireann
Political parties and leaders	Center Party of Estonia (Keskerakond) [Edgar SAVISAAR]<br />Estonian Greens (Rohelised) [Aleksander LAANE]<br />Estonian Conservative People's Party (Konservatiivne Rahvaerakond) or EKRE [Margo MILJAND]<br />Estonian Reform Party (Reformierakond) [Andrus ANSIP]<br />Social Democratic Party or SDE [Sven MIKSER]<br />Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica (Isamaa je Res Publica Liit) or IRL [Urmas REINSALU]	Fianna Fail [Michael MARTIN]<br />Fine Gael [Enda KENNY]<br />Green Party [Eamon RYAN]<br />Labor Party [Eamon GILMORE]<br />New Vision<br />Sinn Fein [Gerry ADAMS]<br />Socialist Party [Joe HIGGINS]<br />The Workers' Party [Michael FINNEGAN]<br />United Left Alliance
Political pressure groups and leaders	Nochnoy Dozor/Night Watch anti-fascist movement (leader Alexander KOROBOV)	Families Acting for Innocent Relatives or FAIR [Brian MCCONNELL] (seek compensation for victims of violence);<br />Families Against Intimidation and Terror or FAIT (oppose terrorism);<br />Gaeltacht Civil Rights Campaign (Coiste Cearta Sibhialta na Gaeilge) or CCSG (encourages the use of the Irish language and campaigns for greater civil rights in Irish speaking areas);<br />Iona Institute [David QUINN] (a conservative Catholic think tank);<br />Irish Anti-War Movement [Richard BOYD BARRETT] (campaigns against wars around the world);<br />Irish Republican Army or IRA (terrorist group);<br />Keep Ireland Open (environmental group);<br />Midland Railway Action Group or MRAG [Willie ALLEN] (transportation promoters);<br />Peace and Neutrality Alliance [Roger COLE] (campaigns to protect Irish neutrality);<br />Rail Users Ireland (formerly the Platform 11 - transportation promoters);<br />32 Country Sovereignty Movement or 32CSM (supports a fully sovereign Ireland);<br />Ulster Defence Association or UDA (terrorist group)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal for all Estonian citizens	18 years of age; universal
International organization participation	Australia Group, BA, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO	ADB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNITAR, UNOCI, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Country name > Conventional long form	Republic of Estonia	none
Executive branch > Elections	president elected by Parliament for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); if a candidate does not secure two-thirds of the votes after three rounds of balloting in the Parliament, then an electoral assembly (made up of Parliament plus members of local councils) elects the president, choosing between the two candidates with the largest number of votes; election last held on 29 August 2011 (next to be held in the fall of 2016); prime minister nominated by the president and approved by Parliament	president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 29 October 2011 (next to be held in October 2018); taoiseach (prime minister} nominated by the House of Representatives (Dail Eireann) and appointed by the president
National symbol(s)	barn swallow, cornflower	harp
Flag description	three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), black, and white; various interpretations are linked to the flag colors; blue represents faith, loyalty, and devotion, while also reminiscent of the sky, sea, and lakes of the country; black symbolizes the soil of the country and the dark past and suffering endured by the Estonian people; white refers to the striving towards enlightenment and virtue, and is the color of birch bark and snow, as well as summer nights illuminated by the midnight sun	three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and orange; officially the flag colors have no meaning, but a common interpretation is that the green represents the Irish nationalist (Gaelic) tradition of Ireland; orange represents the Orange tradition (minority supporters of William of Orange); white symbolizes peace (or a lasting truce) between the green and the orange
Red tape > Time required to start a business > Days	6.5 Ranked 154th.	10 Ranked 127th. 54% more than Estonia
Country name > Conventional short form	Estonia	Ireland
Constitutional form	Republic	Republic
Transnational Issues > Disputes > International	Russia and Estonia in May 2005 signed a technical border agreement, but Russia in June 2005 recalled its signature after the Estonian parliament added to its domestic ratification act a historical preamble referencing the Soviet occupation and Estonia's pre-war borders under the 1920 Treaty of Tartu; Russia contends that the preamble allows Estonia to make territorial claims on Russia in the future, while Estonian officials deny that the preamble has any legal impact on the treaty text; Russia demands better treatment of the Russian-speaking population in Estonia; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Estonia implements strict Schengen border rules with Russia	Ireland, Iceland, and the UK dispute Denmark's claim that the Faroe Islands' continental shelf extends beyond 200 nm
Total businesses registered > Number	86,816 Ranked 48th.	148,759 Ranked 38th. 71% more than Estonia
National anthem	<strong>name: </strong>"Mu isamaa, mu onn ja room" (My Native Land, My Pride and Joy)<br /><strong>lyrics/music:</strong> Johann Voldemar JANNSEN/Fredrik PACIUS	<strong>name: </strong>"Amhran na bhFiann" (The Soldier's Song)<br /><strong>lyrics/music:</strong> Peadar KEARNEY [English], Liam O RINN [Irish]/Patrick HEENEY and Peadar KEARNEY
FAX	372	353
Legislative branch > Election results	percent of vote by party - Estonian Reform Party 28.6%, Center Party of Estonia 23.3%, IRL 20.5%, SDE 17.1%, Estonian Greens 3.8%, Estonian People's Union 2.1%, other 4.6%; seats by party - Estonian Reform Party 33, Center Party 21, IRL 23, SDE 19, unaffiliated 5	Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Fine Gael 19, Fianna Fail 14, Labor Party 12, Sinn Fein 3, independents 12; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - Fine Gael 45.8%, Labor Party 22.3%, Fianna Fail 12.0%, Sinn Fein 8.4%, United Left Alliance 3.0%, New Vision 0.6%, independents 7.8%; seats by party - Fine Gael 76, Labor Party 37, Fianna Fail 20, Sinn Fein 14, United Left Alliance 5, New Vision 1, independents 13
Legislative branch > Elections	last held on 6 March 2011 (next to be held in March 2015)	Senate - last held in 27 April 2011 (next to be held 2016); House of Representatives - last held on 25 February 2011 (next to be held probably in 2016)
Democracy and rights > Press freedom index	9.26 Ranked 26th.	10.06 Ranked 23th. 9% more than Estonia
Parliament > Seats held by women > Percentage	20.79% Ranked 78th. 38% more than Ireland	15.06% Ranked 108th.
Independence	20 August 1991 (declared); 6 September 1991 (recognized by the Soviet Union)	6 December 1921 (from the UK by treaty)
Executive branch > Election results	Toomas Hendrik ILVES reelected president; parliamentary vote - Toomas Hendrik ILVES 73, Indrek TARAND 25	Michael D. HIGGINS elected president; percent of vote - Michael D. HIGGINS 39.6%, Sean GALLAGHER 28.5%, Martin MCGUINNESS 13.7%, Gay MITCHELL 6.4%, David NORRIS 6.2%, other 5.6%
Judicial branch > Subordinate courts	circuit (appellate) courts; administrative, county, city, and specialized courts	High Court, Court of Criminal Appeal; circuit and district courts
Basis of executive legitimacy	Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence	Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence
Transnational Issues > Illicit drugs	growing producer of synthetic drugs; increasingly important transshipment zone for cannabis, cocaine, opiates, and synthetic drugs since joining the European Union and the Schengen Accord; potential money laundering related to organized crime and drug trafficking is a concern, as is possible use of the gambling sector to launder funds; major use of opiates and ecstasy	transshipment point for and consumer of hashish from North Africa to the UK and Netherlands and of European-produced synthetic drugs; increasing consumption of South American cocaine; minor transshipment point for heroin and cocaine destined for Western Europe; despite recent legislation, narcotics-related money laundering - using bureaux de change, trusts, and shell companies involving the offshore financial community - remains a concern
Country name > Local short form	Eesti	Eire
Democracy and rights > Freedom of the press	18 Ranked 173th. 13% more than Ireland	16 Ranked 181st.
Proportion of seats held by women in national parliament	18.8% Ranked 63th. 41% more than Ireland	13.3% Ranked 91st.
Diplomatic representation from the US > Embassy	Kentmanni 20, 15099 Tallinn	42
Red tape > Start-up procedures to register a business > Number	5 Ranked 141st. 25% more than Ireland	4 Ranked 165th.
Democracy and rights > Nationalist vote	20.1% Ranked 3rd. 2 times more than Ireland	9.9% Ranked 9th.
Democracy > Civil and political liberties	5.5 Ranked 30th.	6 Ranked 10th. 9% more than Estonia
General government final > Consumption expenditure > Current US$	2.39 billion$ Ranked 73th.	28.89 billion$ Ranked 31st. 12 times more than Estonia
National holiday	Independence Day, 24 February (1918); note - 24 February 1918 was the date Estonia declared its independence from Soviet Russia; 20 August 1991 was the date it declared its independence from the Soviet Union	Saint Patrick's Day, 17 March
Capital > Geographic coordinates	59 26 N, 24 43 E	53 19 N, 6 14 W
Democracy > First female parliamentarian	1919 (elected)	1918 (elected)
Time required to start a business > Days	35 days Ranked 89th. 84% more than Ireland	19 days Ranked 135th.
Leaders > President	Toomas Hendrik Ilves	Michael D Higgins
Democracy > Gender Parity Index in primary level enrolment	0.971 Ranked 104th.	0.989 Ranked 53th. 2% more than Estonia
Judicial branch > Judge selection and term of office	the chief justice is proposed by the president and appointed by the Riigikogu; other justices proposed by the chief justice and appointed by the Riigikogu; justices appointed for life	judges nominated by the prime minister and Cabinet and appointed by the president; judges serve till age 70
Democracy and rights > Democracy Index	7.61 Ranked 27th.	8.56 Ranked 13th. 12% more than Estonia
Red tape > Burden of customs procedure, WEF > 1=extremely inefficient to 7=extremely efficient	5.2 Ranked 13th.	5.3 Ranked 11th. 2% more than Estonia
Red tape > Time required to register property > Days	17.5 Ranked 138th.	37 Ranked 90th. 2 times more than Estonia
Politics	PM Andrus Ansip heads a centre-right coalition which was re-elected in 2011	Prime Minister Enda Kenny from Fine Gael leads a coalition that ousted Fianna Fail, traditionally the main force in parliament, in 2011
International law organization participation	accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction	has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Parliament > Seats held by men	80 Ranked 121st.	141 Ranked 69th. 76% more than Estonia
Country name > Local long form	Eesti Vabariik	none
Red tape > Time to resolve insolvency > Years	3 Ranked 65th. 8 times more than Ireland	0.4 Ranked 170th.
Red tape > Start-up procedures to register a business > Number per million	3.73 Ranked 48th. 4 times more than Ireland	0.872 Ranked 90th.
Diplomatic representation in the US > Chief of mission	Ambassador Marina KALJURAND (since 6 September 2011)	Ambassador Anne Colette ANDERSON (since 28 August 2013)
Diplomatic representation in the US > Chancery	None	None
Diplomatic representation from the US > Telephone	[372] 668-8100	[353] (1) 668-8777
Diplomatic representation from the US > Chief of mission	Ambassador Jeffrey D. LEVINE (since 24 July 2012)	Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Stuart DWYER (since 5 September 2013)
Parliament > Seats held by women	21 Ranked 107th.	25 Ranked 93th. 19% more than Estonia
Leaders > President > Summary	Social Democrat Hendrik Toomas Ilves has occupied the largely cermonial role of president since 2006	Michael D Higgins is a poet and politician
Foreign relations > Date of recognition of Israel	None	None
Democracy > Democratic institutions rating	6 Ranked 71st.	10 Ranked 24th. 67% more than Estonia
UN membership date	17 Sep. 1991	14 Dec. 1955
Democracy and rights > Democracy Index per million people	5.68 Ranked 3rd. 3 times more than Ireland	1.87 Ranked 7th.
Total businesses registered > Number per 1000	64.14 Ranked 21st. 72% more than Ireland	37.22 Ranked 32nd.
Red tape > Procedures to build a warehouse > Number	13 Ranked 108th. 8% more than Ireland	12 Ranked 132nd.
Capital city	Tallinn	Dublin
Capital > Name	Tallinn	Dublin
General government final > Consumption expenditure > Current US$ > Per capita	1,775.79$ per capita Ranked 29th.	7,100.65$ per capita Ranked 11th. 4 times more than Estonia
Spending > Expense > Current LCU	78.09 billion Ranked 54th. 16% more than Ireland	67.55 billion Ranked 56th.
Red tape > Time required to get electricity > Days	111 Ranked 69th.	205 Ranked 18th. 85% more than Estonia
Democracy > Parliamentary elections > Registered voter turnout	57.4% Ranked 122nd.	62.6% Ranked 108th. 9% more than Estonia
Legislature (parliament) > People per member	13,271 Ranked 101st.	19,731 Ranked 94th. 49% more than Estonia
Capital > Time difference	UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)	UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
International relations	Estonia joined Nato and the EU in 2004. It has a troop contingent in Afghanistan	Ireland is active in international peacekeeping. It pursues military neutrality and is not a member of Nato. Ireland is an EU member and eurozone country
Red tape > Time required to get electricity > Days per million	82.87 Ranked 39th. 86% more than Ireland	44.67 Ranked 53th.
Leaders > Head of state > Term limit for head of state	5 Ranked 93th.	7 Ranked 10th. 40% more than Estonia
Legislature (parliament) > Lower house members	101 Ranked 83th.	166 Ranked 58th. 64% more than Estonia
Red tape > Time required to enforce a contract > Days	425 Ranked 141st.	650 Ranked 57th. 53% more than Estonia
Democracy > Female parliamentarians	17.8% Ranked 42nd. 30% more than Ireland	13.7% Ranked 62nd.
Red tape > Procedures to register property > Number	3 Ranked 170th.	5 Ranked 129th. 67% more than Estonia
Leaders > President > Profile	<p>Mr Ilves was first sworn in as president in October 2006.</p> <p>As head of state, the president is supreme commander of the armed forces and represents Estonia abroad. However, the role is mainly ceremonial.</p> <p>The president is elected to a five-year term by MPs and local officials. Mr Ilves was re-elected for a second five-year term in August 2011.</p> <p>Born in 1953, Mr Ilves is a member of the centre-left Social Democratic Party.</p>	<p>Michael D Higgins, a veteran left-wing politician, poet and human rights activist was elected president in October 2011 and inaugurated in November.</p> <p>He is a former Galway university lecturer and published poet who has dedicated his four-decade political career to championing Irish culture and left-wing causes worldwide. He is an Irish speaker.</p> <p>He also is also one of Ireland's most instantly recognized politicians, in part because of his short stature and much-imitated high voice.</p> <p>Mr Higgins has served as a member of both houses of parliament in the Labour Party interest at various times, and was minister of the arts in the 1990s.</p> <p>The Irish president wields little power beyond the ability to refer potentially unconstitutional legislation to the Supreme Court, but has an important symbolic role in representing Ireland at the national and international level.</p>
Role of head of state	Ceremonial	Ceremonial
General government final > Consumption expenditure > Current US$ per capita	1,775.8$ Ranked 29th.	7,097.49$ Ranked 11th. 4 times more than Estonia
Administrative divisions > Note	counties have the administrative center name following in parentheses	Cavan, Donegal, and Monaghan are part of Ulster Province
Democracy and rights > Nationalist party (percent of vote)	20.1% Ranked 3rd. 2 times more than Ireland	9.9% Ranked 9th.
Start-up procedures to register a business > Number	6 Ranked 146th. 50% more than Ireland	4 Ranked 162nd.
Strength of legal rights index > 0=weak to 10=strong	6 Ranked 78th.	8 Ranked 38th. 33% more than Estonia
Red tape > Burden of customs procedure, WEF > 1=extremely inefficient to 7=extremely efficient per million	3.88 Ranked 13th. 3 times more than Ireland	1.15 Ranked 37th.
Spending > Subsidies and other transfers > Current LCU	34.59 billion Ranked 54th. 37% more than Ireland	25.27 billion Ranked 56th.
Spending > Compensation of employees > Current LCU	17.11 billion Ranked 56th. The same as Ireland	17.1 billion Ranked 57th.
General government final > Consumption expenditure > Current US$ > Per $ GDP	0.182$ per $1 of GDP Ranked 47th. 16% more than Ireland	0.157$ per $1 of GDP Ranked 77th.
Parliament > Seats held by women per million people	16.58 Ranked 24th. 3 times more than Ireland	5.23 Ranked 67th.
Foreign relations > Nepal > Date of Establishment	April 20, 1992	August 19, 1999
Democracy > Female suffrage	1918	"1918 ,1928"
Red tape > Time required to build a warehouse > Days	148 Ranked 96th.	156 Ranked 87th. 5% more than Estonia
Red tape > Procedures to enforce a contract > Number per million	26.13 Ranked 42nd. 6 times more than Ireland	4.58 Ranked 93th.
Red tape > Time required to start a business > Days per million	4.85 Ranked 66th. 2 times more than Ireland	2.18 Ranked 91st.
Red tape > Time required to register property > Days per million	13.07 Ranked 53th. 62% more than Ireland	8.06 Ranked 71st.
Red tape > Procedures to build a warehouse > Number per million	9.71 Ranked 41st. 4 times more than Ireland	2.62 Ranked 81st.
Red tape > Time required to build a warehouse > Days per million	110.5 Ranked 42nd. 3 times more than Ireland	34 Ranked 73th.
Capital > Daylight saving time	+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October	+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Total businesses registered > Number > Per capita	64.14 per 1,000 people Ranked 21st. 72% more than Ireland	37.23 per 1,000 people Ranked 33th.
Spending > Interest payments > Current LCU	211.1 million Ranked 77th.	1.85 billion Ranked 60th. 9 times more than Estonia
Democracy and rights > Votes for nationalist parties	118,023 Ranked 25th.	220,661 Ranked 22nd. 87% more than Estonia
Foreign relations > Diplomatic representation in the US > Ambassador	Kaljurand, Marina Marina Kaljurand	Collins, Michael Michael Collins
Transnational Issues > Refugees and internally displaced persons > Stateless persons per thousand people	70.36 Ranked 1st. 4423 times more than Ireland	0.0159 Ranked 47th.
Transnational Issues > Refugees and internally displaced persons > Stateless persons	94,235 Ranked 7th. 1291 times more than Ireland	73 Ranked 54th.
General government final > Consumption expenditure > Constant 2000 US$ > Per capita	1,077.75 constant 2000 US$ per c Ranked 24th.	4,074.69 constant 2000 US$ per c Ranked 19th. 4 times more than Estonia
Time required to build a warehouse > Days	117 days Ranked 140th.	181 days Ranked 89th. 55% more than Estonia
Democracy > Parliamentary elections > Voting age population	1.07 million Ranked 117th.	2.68 million Ranked 95th. 3 times more than Estonia
Failed States Index	45.3 Ranked 6th. 83% more than Ireland	24.8 Ranked 25th.
Democracy > Female candidacy	1,918 Ranked 151st. The same as Ireland	1,918 Ranked 153th.
Trademarks > Nonresidents per 1000	0.432 Ranked 13th. 51% more than Ireland	0.286 Ranked 21st.
Trademarks > Nonresidents > Per capita	0.432 per 1,000 people Ranked 13th. 51% more than Ireland	0.286 per 1,000 people Ranked 22nd.
Foreign relations > Croatia > Date of Establishment	March 2, 1992	January 27, 1995
Parties in the European Council during 2011 > Leaders > 1 January 2011 > Votes	4 Ranked 24th.	7 Ranked 19th. 75% more than Estonia
National anthem > Name	"Mu isamaa, mu onn ja room" (My Native Land, My Pride and Joy)	"Amhran na bhFiann" (The Soldier's Song)
Democracy > Parliamentary elections > Voter registration	857,270 Ranked 112th.	3 million Ranked 83th. 4 times more than Estonia
Democracy > Parliamentary elections > Total vote	492,356 Ranked 116th.	1.88 million Ranked 83th. 4 times more than Estonia
Administrative divisions > A note	<a href=/encyclopedia/county><a href=/encyclopedia/county>counties</a></a> have the administrative center name following in parentheses	Cavan, Donegal, and Monaghan are part of Ulster <a href=/encyclopedia/Provinces-of-Sweden><a href=/encyclopedia/Provinces-of-Sweden>Province</a></a>
Start-up procedures to register a business > Number > Per capita	4.47 per 1 million people Ranked 39th. 5 times more than Ireland	0.95 per 1 million people Ranked 91st.
Time required to enforce a contract > Days	275 days Ranked 145th. 27% more than Ireland	217 days Ranked 156th.
Parties in the European Council during 2010 > Leaders > 1 January 2010 > European party	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Liberal_Democrat_and_Reform_Party">ELDR</a>	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Liberal_Democrat_and_Reform_Party">ELDR</a>
Procedures to register property > Number	3 Ranked 155th.	5 Ranked 123th. 67% more than Estonia
Procedures to build a warehouse > Number	13 Ranked 134th. 30% more than Ireland	10 Ranked 158th.
Council of EU > 2005 > Country votes	4 Ranked 23th.	7 Ranked 18th. 75% more than Estonia
Foreign relations > Recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia	Foreign Minister Urmas Paet stated "Russia's move is a deliberate breach of international law and the principles of stability in Europe. Estonia, like all European Union and NATO member states, adheres firmly to the principles of Georgia\u2019s territorial integrity".	Minister for Foreign Affairs , Miche\u00e1l Martin stated in a statement that "This deeply regrettable decision is contrary to the principles of Georgia\u2019s sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity. Moreover, it can only complicate the urgent task of finding political solutions to the acute difficulties in the region and to the wider international tensions which have developed over the past weeks".
Legislature (parliament) > Total members of parliament	101 Ranked 88th.	226 Ranked 51st. 2 times more than Estonia
National anthem > Note	adopted 1920, though banned between 1940 and 1990 under Soviet occupation; the anthem, used in Estonia since 1869, shares the same melody with that of Finland but has different lyrics	adopted 1926; instead of "Amhran na bhFiann," the song "Ireland's Call" is often used in athletic events where citizens of the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland compete as a unified team
General government final > Consumption expenditure > Current LCU	30090300000	23266900000
Red tape > Procedures to enforce a contract > Number	35 Ranked 132nd. 67% more than Ireland	21 Ranked 188th.
Red tape > Procedures to register property > Number per million	2.24 Ranked 50th. 2 times more than Ireland	1.09 Ranked 68th.
Red tape > Management time dealing with officials > % of management time	5.5% Ranked 40th. 2 times more than Ireland	2.3% Ranked 29th.
European Union > Council of the European Union votes	4 Ranked 26th.	7 Ranked 21st. 75% more than Estonia
Trademarks > Residents	1,241 Ranked 36th.	1,285 Ranked 33th. 4% more than Estonia
Procedures to build a warehouse > Number > Per capita	9.69 per 1 million people Ranked 34th. 4 times more than Ireland	2.38 per 1 million people Ranked 79th.
Management time dealing with officials > % of management time	2.29% Ranked 33th.	2.33% Ranked 32nd. 2% more than Estonia
Council of EU > 2007 > Country votes	4 Ranked 25th.	7 Ranked 20th. 75% more than Estonia
Council of EU > 2005 > Country leader	Juhan Parts	Bertie Ahern
Council of EU > 2007 > Country leader	Andrus Ansip	Bertie Ahern
Diplomatic representation in the US > Telephone	[1] (202) 588-0101	[1] (202) 462-3939
Capital city > Time difference	2	UTC 0
Time to resolve insolvency > Years	3 years Ranked 76th. 8 times more than Ireland	0.4 years Ranked 150th.
General government final > Consumption expenditure > Constant LCU	24635400000	17993400000
Parties in the European Council during 2005 > Leaders > January 1 > 2005 > Votes	4 Ranked 22nd.	7 Ranked 17th. 75% more than Estonia
Policy uncertainty > % of managers surveyed ranking this as a major business constraint	5.12% Ranked 36th.	5.6% Ranked 34th. 9% more than Estonia
Procedures to enforce a contract > Number per million	18.61 Ranked 36th. 4 times more than Ireland	4.23 Ranked 81st.
Spending > Other expense > Current LCU	2.81 billion Ranked 57th. 4 times more than Ireland	664.17 million Ranked 71st.
Parties in the European Council during 2010 > Leaders > 1 January 2010 > Leader	Andrus Ansip	Brian Cowen
Parties in the European Council during 2011 > Leaders > 1 January 2011 > Leader	Andrus Ansip	Brian Cowen
Trademarks > Residents per million	919.74 Ranked 9th. 3 times more than Ireland	321.53 Ranked 32nd.
General government final > Consumption expenditure > Annual % growth	7.48% Ranked 26th. 4 times more than Ireland	1.87% Ranked 83th.
Ruling party	Estonian Reform Party	Fine Gael
Time required to register property > Days	51 days Ranked 79th. 34% more than Ireland	38 days Ranked 102nd.
Trademarks > Nonresidents	583 Ranked 39th.	1,142 Ranked 30th. 96% more than Estonia
Trademarks > Residents > Per capita	0.92 per 1,000 people Ranked 9th. 3 times more than Ireland	0.322 per 1,000 people Ranked 33th.
Parties in the European Council during 2006 > Leaders > January 1 > 2006 > Votes	4 Ranked 22nd.	7 Ranked 17th. 75% more than Estonia
Parties in the European Council during 2005 > Leaders > January 1 > 2005 > Leader	Juhan Parts	Bertie Ahern
Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments > %	20.8% Ranked 79th. 32% more than Ireland	15.7% Ranked 112th.
Parties in the European Council during 2011 > Leaders > 1 January 2011 > National party	Reformierakond	Fianna FÃ‡Âil
Spending > Subsidies and other transfers > % of expense	44.29% Ranked 45th. 18% more than Ireland	37.42% Ranked 51st.
Parties in the European Council during 2010 > Leaders > 1 January 2010 > National party	Reformierakond	Fianna FÃ‡Âil
Parties in the European Council during 2008 > Leaders > January 1 > 2008 > European party	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Liberal_Democrat_and_Reform_Party">ELDR</a>	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_for_Europe_of_the_Nations">AEN</a>
Parliamentary republic adoption date	1918	1936
Parliament > Seats held by men per million people	63.17 Ranked 35th. 2 times more than Ireland	29.52 Ranked 54th.
Spending > Interest payments > % of revenue	0.27% Ranked 85th.	3.22% Ranked 56th. 12 times more than Estonia
Democracy and rights > Last election	March 2011	February 2011
Parties in the European Council during 2007 > Leaders > January 1 > 2007 > European party	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Liberal_Democrat_and_Reform_Party">ELDR</a>	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_for_Europe_of_the_Nations">AEN</a>
Parties in the European Council during 2009 > Leaders > January 1 > 2009 > Leader	Andrus Ansip	Brian Cowen
Parties in the European Council during 2010 > Leaders > 1 January 2010 > Votes	4 Ranked 24th.	7 Ranked 19th. 75% more than Estonia
Parties in the European Council during 2008 > Leaders > January 1 > 2008 > Votes	4 Ranked 24th.	7 Ranked 19th. 75% more than Estonia
Diplomatic representation in the US > Consulate(s) general	New York	Boston, Chicago, New York, San Francisco
Date of transition to republican system of government > Republic since	March 15, 1917	January 1, 1946
Council of EU > 2005 > European party of leader	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_People%27s_Party">EPP</a>	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_for_Europe_of_the_Nations">AEN</a>
Council of EU > 2007 > European party of leader	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Liberal_Democrat_and_Reform_Party">ELDR</a>	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_for_Europe_of_the_Nations">AEN</a>
Foreign relations > Date of establishment of relations with China	September 11, 1991	June 22, 1979
Democracy > Parliamentary elections > Voting age population per 1000	791.58 Ranked 16th. 18% more than Ireland	671.04 Ranked 53th.
Start-up procedures to register a business > Number per million	4.47 Ranked 39th. 5 times more than Ireland	0.939 Ranked 90th.
Procedures to enforce a contract > Number	25 Ranked 132nd. 39% more than Ireland	18 Ranked 163th.
Diplomatic representation in the US > FAX	[1] (202) 588-0108	[1] (202) 232-5993
Spending > Goods and services expense > % of expense	13.14% Ranked 41st. 10% more than Ireland	11.97% Ranked 49th.
Parties in the European Council during 2005 > Leaders > January 1 > 2005 > European party	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_People%27s_Party">EPP</a>	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_for_Europe_of_the_Nations">AEN</a>
General government final > Consumption expenditure > Constant 2000 US$ per capita	1,077.76 constant 2000 US$ Ranked 24th.	4,072.88 constant 2000 US$ Ranked 19th. 4 times more than Estonia
Spending > Compensation of employees > % of expense	21.91% Ranked 45th.	25.31% Ranked 40th. 16% more than Estonia
Spending > Interest payments > % of expense	0.27% Ranked 84th.	2.75% Ranked 64th. 10 times more than Estonia
Spending > Other expense > % of expense	3.6% Ranked 62nd. 4 times more than Ireland	0.98% Ranked 80th.
Informal payments to public officials > % of firms	1.6% Ranked 48th.	8.32% Ranked 35th. 5 times more than Estonia
Procedures to register property > Number per million	2.23 Ranked 38th. 90% more than Ireland	1.17 Ranked 57th.
Procedures to build a warehouse > Number per million	9.68 Ranked 34th. 4 times more than Ireland	2.35 Ranked 80th.
Legislature (parliament) > Term of office for lower house members	4 Ranked 152nd.	5 Ranked 81st. 25% more than Estonia
Spending > Expense > % of GDP	31.05% Ranked 35th.	37.15% Ranked 20th. 20% more than Estonia
Foreign relations > Date of recognition of Kosovo	None	None
Red tape > Time required to enforce a contract > Days per million	317.31 Ranked 43th. 2 times more than Ireland	141.65 Ranked 66th.
Time to prepare and pay taxes > Hours	104 hours Ranked 148th. 37% more than Ireland	76 hours Ranked 160th.
General government final > Consumption expenditure > Constant 2000 US$	1.45 billion constant 2000 US$ Ranked 68th.	16.58 billion constant 2000 US$ Ranked 34th. 11 times more than Estonia
Procedures to register property > Number > Per capita	2.24 per 1 million people Ranked 39th. 88% more than Ireland	1.19 per 1 million people Ranked 57th.
Procedures to enforce a contract > Number > Per capita	18.64 per 1 million people Ranked 36th. 4 times more than Ireland	4.28 per 1 million people Ranked 82nd.
Spending > Goods and services expense > Current LCU	10.26 billion Ranked 54th. 27% more than Ireland	8.09 billion Ranked 58th.
FAX > Consulate(s) general	New York	Boston, Chicago, New York, San Francisco
Council of EU > 2006 > Country votes	4 Ranked 23th.	7 Ranked 18th. 75% more than Estonia
Diplomatic representation from the US > FAX	[372] 668-8134	[353] (1) 668-9946
Democracy > Parliamentary elections > Invalid votes	1.6% Ranked 72nd. 45% more than Ireland	1.1% Ranked 84th.
Democracy and rights > Next election	March 2015	April 2016

SOURCES: CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; CIA World Factbooks 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013; World Bank, Doing Business project (http://www.doingbusiness.org/).; Wikipedia: List of countries by system of government (Alphabetical list of countries); All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008; World Development Indicators database; Wikipedia: Censorship by country (Censorship by country) ("Press Freedom Index 2013" , Reporters Without Borders, 30 January 2013); United Nations Statistics Division; "2012 Freedom of the Press Data" , Freedom House, 1 May 2012; Wikipedia: List of active nationalist parties in Europe (National); Freedom House, Freedom in the World 2000-2001, New York: Freedom House, 2001; IPU (Inter-Parliamentary Union). 1995. Women in Parliaments 1945-1995: A World Statistical Survey. Geneva and IPU (Inter-Parliamentary Union). 2001. Correspondence on year women received the right to vote and to stand for election and year first woman was elected or appointed to parliament. March. Geneva.; British Broadcasting Corporation 2014; Source: Millennium Development Goals Database | United Nations Statistics Division; Wikipedia: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (Indicators) ("Democracy Index 2012" (PDF). The Economist. March 2013 . Retrieved 2013-03-21 .); World Economic Forum, Global Competiveness Report and data files.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; World Bank, Doing Business project (http://www.doingbusiness.org/). Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. 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Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Development Indicators database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files.; Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance 2003; Wikipedia: List of legislatures by number of members; Wikipedia: Term of office (Terms of office by country); calculated on the basis of data on parliamentary seats from IPU (Inter-Parliamentary Union). 2002. Parline Database. March 2002; World Economic Forum, Global Competiveness Report and data files. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Wikipedia: Foreign relations of Nepal; IPU (Inter-Parliamentary Union). 1995. Women in Parliaments 1945-1995: A World Statistical Survey. Geneva and IPU (Inter-Parliamentary Union). 2001. Correspondence on year women received the right to vote and to stand for election and year first woman was elected or appointed to parliament. March. Geneva; Wikipedia: List of ambassadors to the United States; CIA World Factbooks 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Wikipedia: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (Indicators) ("The Failed States Index 2013" . The Fund for Peace . July 2013 . 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Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/).; International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, and World Bank and OECD GDP estimates.; Wikipedia: International recognition of Kosovo (United Nations member states); Wikipedia: Parties in the Council of the European Union, 2006

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