Health Stats: compare key data on Germany & Mongolia

Definitions

Birth rate > Crude > Per 1,000 people: Crude birth rate indicates the number of live births occurring during the year, per 1,000 population estimated at midyear. Subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate provides the rate of natural increase, which is equal to the population growth rate in the absence of migration.
Births and maternity > Average age of mother at childbirth: Average age of mother at first childbirth.
Births and maternity > Future births: Mid-range estimate for country's population increase due to births from five years prior to the given year. For example, from 2095 to 2100, India's population is expected to rise by 16,181 people due to births. Estimates are from the UN Population Division.
Births and maternity > Total fertility rate: Total fertility rate.
Hospital beds > Per 1,000 people: Hospital beds include inpatient beds available in public, private, general, and specialized hospitals and rehabilitation centers. In most cases beds for both acute and chronic care are included.
Human height > Average female height: Average female height.
Human height > Average male height: Average male height.
Life expectancy > Men: Life expectancy for men.
Life expectancy at birth > Total population: The average number of years to be lived by a group of people born in the same year, if mortality at each age remains constant in the future. Life expectancy at birth is also a measure of overall quality of life in a country and summarizes the mortality at all ages. It can also be thought of as indicating the potential return on investment in human capital and is necessary for the calculation of various actuarial measures.
Life expectancy at birth, female > Years: Life expectancy at birth, female (years). Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.
Life expectancy at birth, male > Years: Life expectancy at birth, male (years). Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.
Life expectancy at birth, total > Years: Life expectancy at birth, total (years). Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.
Physicians > Per 1,000 people: Physicians are defined as graduates of any facility or school of medicine who are working in the country in any medical field (practice, teaching, research).
Quality of health care system > Cost: Cost to you. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Argentina, Austria and 69 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Germany and 7 more countries and over 100 contributions for Canada, India, United Kingdom and 1 more country. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from October, 2010 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Cost to you". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Quality of health care system > Health care system index: Health Care Index is an estimation of the overall quality of the health care system, health care professionals, equipment, staff, doctors, cost, etc.
Probability of reaching 65 > Male: Probability at birth of reaching the age of 65.
Diseases > Cancer > Cancer death rate (per 100,000 population): The number of people that will die from cancer out of 100,000 people the same age. The number is not an accurate telling of the country's cancer rate, but rather how fatal cancer is in each country.
Infant mortality rate > Total: This entry gives the number of deaths of infants under one year old in a given year per 1,000 live births in the same year; included is the total death rate, and deaths by sex, male and female. This rate is often used as an indicator of the level of health in a country.
Deaths > Percent deaths registered: Civil registration coverage of deaths (%).
Fertility rate > Total > Births per woman: Total fertility rate represents the number of children that would be born to a woman if she were to live to the end of her childbearing years and bear children in accordance with current age-specific fertility rates.
Infant mortality rate: The number of deaths of infants under one year old in a given year per 1,000 live births in the same year. This rate is often used as an indicator of the level of health in a country
Births and maternity > Infant mortality rate: How many infants, out of 1000, who will die before attaining one year of age.
Life expectancy > Women: Life expectancy for women.
Human height > Stature ratio (male to female ratio): Ratio of average height of males to average height of females.
Quality of health care system > Skill and competence of medical staff: Skill and competency of medical staff. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Argentina, Austria and 69 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Germany and 7 more countries and over 100 contributions for Canada, India, United Kingdom and 1 more country. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from October, 2010 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How satisfied are you with the skill and competency of the local medical staff?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Quality of health care system > Short waiting times: Responsiveness (waitings) in medical institutions. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Argentina, Austria and 69 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Germany and 7 more countries and over 100 contributions for Canada, India, United Kingdom and 1 more country. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from October, 2010 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How satisfied are you with the responsiveness (waitings) in medical institutions?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Health services > Hospital beds > Per 1,000 people: Hospital beds include inpatient beds available in public, private, general, and specialized hospitals and rehabilitation centers. In most cases beds for both acute and chronic care are included."
Diseases > Overweight > Average Body Mass Index (BMI): Countries compared by average BMI (combining male and female population), according to data gathered by researchers at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. The BMI (Body Mass Index) measures how appropiate is the weight of an individual compared to their height. The calculation is made measuring your weight in kilograms and dividing it twice by your height measured in metres. A high BMI (25 or more) is usually associated with a risk of suffering diverse health problems.
Adolescent fertility rate > Births per 1,000 women ages 15-19: Adolescent fertility rate is the number of births per 1,000 women ages 15-19.
Probability of reaching 65 > Female: Probability at birth of reaching the age of 65.
Quality of health care system > Modern equipment: Equipment for modern diagnosis and treatment. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Argentina, Austria and 69 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Germany and 7 more countries and over 100 contributions for Canada, India, United Kingdom and 1 more country. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from October, 2010 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Does hospitals have equipment for modern diagnosis and treatment?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Deaths > Deaths of infants: An infant death is the death from any cause of a live-born child under one year of age.
Expenditure per capita > Current US$: Total health expenditure is the sum of public and private health expenditures as a ratio of total population. It covers the provision of health services (preventive and curative), family planning activities, nutrition activities, and emergency aid designated for health but does not include provision of water and sanitation. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Health expenditure per capita > Current US$: Health expenditure per capita (current US$). Total health expenditure is the sum of public and private health expenditures as a ratio of total population. It covers the provision of health services (preventive and curative), family planning activities, nutrition activities, and emergency aid designated for health but does not include provision of water and sanitation. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Births and maternity > Teenage birth rate: Percentage of females aged 15-19 who give birth, out of all females the same age in the country.
Quality of health care system > Accuracy and completeness in filling out reports: Accuracy and completeness in filling out reports. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Argentina, Austria and 69 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Germany and 7 more countries and over 100 contributions for Canada, India, United Kingdom and 1 more country. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from October, 2010 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How satisfied you with the accuracy and completeness in filling out reports?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Diseases > Incidence of tuberculosis > Per 100,000 people: Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people). Incidence of tuberculosis is the estimated number of new pulmonary, smear positive, and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis cases. Incidence includes patients with HIV.
Births and maternity > Crude birth rate: Country's crude birth rate. The crude birth rate is the number of live births for every 1,000 people.
Births and maternity > Maternal death rate: Number of mothers who died giving birth, out of 100,000 births.
Maternal mortality: Maternal mortality reported per 100,000 births 1985-1999. The maternal mortality data are those reported by national authorities. UNICEF and the World Health Organization periodically evaluate these data and make adjustments to account for the well-documented problems of under-reporting and misclassification of maternal deaths and to develop estimates for countries with no data (for details on the most recent estimates see Hill, AbouZahr and Wardlaw 2001). Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Health services > Physicians > Per 1,000 people: Physicians include generalist and specialist medical practitioners.
Services, etc., value added > Current LCU per capita: Services, etc., value added (current LCU). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in current local currency. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Death rates > Children under 5: Under-five mortality rate is the probability per 1,000 that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five, if subject to current age-specific mortality rates."
Death rates > Women: Adult mortality rate is the probability of dying between the ages of 15 and 60--that is, the probability of a 15-year-old dying before reaching age 60, if subject to current age-specific mortality rates between those ages."
Quality of health care system > Speed in delivering examinations and reports: Speed in completing examination and reports. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Argentina, Austria and 69 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Germany and 7 more countries and over 100 contributions for Canada, India, United Kingdom and 1 more country. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from October, 2010 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Speed in completing examination and reports?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Death rates > Men: Adult mortality rate is the probability of dying between the ages of 15 and 60--that is, the probability of a 15-year-old dying before reaching age 60, if subject to current age-specific mortality rates between those ages."
Diseases > HIV AIDS > AIDS deaths: AIDS deaths.
Births and maternity > Abortion > Legal abortions total: Legally induced abortions by urban/rural residence of woman.
Quality of health care system > Friendliness and courtesy of staff: Friendliness and courtesy of the staff. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Argentina, Austria and 69 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Germany and 7 more countries and over 100 contributions for Canada, India, United Kingdom and 1 more country. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from October, 2010 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Friendliness and courtesy of the staff?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Nutrition > Depth of hunger > Kilocalories per person per day: Depth of hunger or the intensity of food deprivation, indicates how much food-deprived people fall short of minimum food needs in terms of dietary energy. The food deficit, in kilocalories per person per day, is measured by comparing the average amount of dietary energy that undernourished people get from the foods they eat with the minimum amount of dietary energy they need to maintain body weight and undertake light activity. The depth of hunger is low when it is less than 200 kilocalories per person per day, and high when it is higher than 300 kilocalories per person per day."
Tobacco > Total adult smokers: Total adults smoking
Births and maternity > Number of births: Total number of live births. A live birth refers to a birth after which the baby shows signs of life, however, if the baby dies after showing signs of life, it is still considered a live birth.
Hunger and malnutrition > Children > Small children underweight: Percentage of all children under 5 that are moderately or severely underweight.
Life expectancy at birth > Total > Years: Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.
Life expectancy > Male: Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.
Nurses and midwives > Per 1,000 people: Nurses and midwives (per 1,000 people). Nurses and midwives include professional nurses, professional midwives, auxiliary nurses, auxiliary midwives, enrolled nurses, enrolled midwives and other associated personnel, such as dental nurses and primary care nurses.
Quality of health care system > Convenient location: Convenience of location for you. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Argentina, Austria and 69 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Germany and 7 more countries and over 100 contributions for Canada, India, United Kingdom and 1 more country. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from October, 2010 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Convenience of location for you". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Services, etc., value added > Current LCU: Services, etc., value added (current LCU). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in current local currency.
Death rates > Infants: Infant mortality rate is the number of infants dying before reaching one year of age, per 1,000 live births in a given year."
Life expectancy at birth > Female: The average number of years to be lived by a females in this nation born in the same year, if mortality at each age remains constant in the future. Life expectancy at birth is also a measure of overall quality of life in a country and summarizes the mortality at all ages. It can also be thought of as indicating the potential return on investment in human capital and is necessary for the calculation of various actuarial measures.
Life expectancy > Female: Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.
Births and maternity > Maternity leave > Weeks of leave given: Maternity leave benefits.
Births and maternity > Antenatal care > Mothers getting 1+ visit during pregnancy: Percentage of pregnant women who received at least one visit by a doctor or other highly specialized care provider.
Per capita total expenditure on health in international dollars: Per capita total expenditure on health in international dollars, 2002
Births and maternity > Abortion > Legal abortions total per thousand people: Legally induced abortions by urban/rural residence of woman. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Diseases > HIV AIDS > AIDS deaths per million people: AIDS deaths. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
Diseases > HIV AIDS > Prevalance > 15-49 year old > Both sexes: People living with HIV, 15-49 years old, percentage.
Diseases > Measles > Children immunised against measles: Percentage of children under 1 year old immunized against measles.
Life expectancy at birth > Male: The average number of years to be lived by amen in this nation born in the same year, if mortality at each age remains constant in the future. The entry includes total population as well as the male and female components. Life expectancy at birth is also a measure of overall quality of life in a country and summarizes the mortality at all ages. It can also be thought of as indicating the potential return on investment in human capital and is necessary for the calculation of various actuarial measures.
Life expectancy at birth > Female > Years: Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.
Healthy life expectancy at birth > Years > Total population: Healthy life expectancy at birth (years) 2002 - Total population
Life expectancy > 95 percent range: 95% range.
Diseases > Cardiovascular death rate (per 100,000 population): The number of people that will die from cardiovascular diseases out of 100,000 people the same age. The number is not an accurate telling of the country's cardiovascular disease rate, but rather how fatal cardiovascular diseases are in each country.
Diseases > Obesity > Female obesity rate: Percentage of females older than 14 who are obese, meaning their Body Mass Index (BMI) exceeds 30.
Health services > Nurses and midwives > Per 1,000 people: Nurses and midwives include professional nurses, professional midwives, auxiliary nurses, auxiliary midwives, enrolled nurses, enrolled midwives and other associated personnel, such as dental nurses and primary care nurses."
Births and maternity > All births of boys: Live births by sex and urban/rural residence.
Health spending per capita: Total health expenditure is the sum of public and private health expenditures as a ratio of total population. It covers the provision of health services (preventive and curative), family planning activities, nutrition activities, and emergency aid designated for health but does not include provision of water and sanitation. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
Diseases > Overweight > Female Body Mass Index (BMI): Countries compared by average female BMI, according to data gathered by researchers at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. The BMI (Body Mass Index) measures how appropiate is the weight of an individual compared to their height. The calculation is made measuring your weight in kilograms and dividing it twice by your height measured in metres. A high BMI (25 or more) is usually associated with a risk of suffering diverse health problems.
Life expectancy at birth > Male > Years: Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.
Tuberculosis cases > Per 100,000: Tuberculosis cases (per 100,000 people)
Deaths > Deaths from injuries (per 100,000 population): The number of people that die from injuries out of 100,000 people the same age. The number is not an accurate telling of the country's injury rate, but rather how fatal injuries are in each country.
Survival rate > To age 65 > Men: Survival to age 65 refers to the percentage of a cohort of newborn infants that would survive to age 65, if subject to current age specific mortality rates."
Drug access: Population with access to essential drugs 2000. The data on access to essential drugs are based on statistical estimates received from World Health Organization (WHO) country and regional offices and regional advisers and through the World Drug Situation Survey carried out in 1998-99. These estimates represent the best information available to the WHO Department of Essential Drugs and Medicines Policy to date and are currently being validated by WHO member states. The department assigns the estimates to four groupings: very low access (0-49%), low access (50-79%), medium access (80-94%) and good access (95-100%). These groupings, used here in presenting the data, are often employed by the WHO in interpreting the data, as the actual estimates may suggest a higher level of accuracy than the data afford. b.
Infant mortality > Female babies: Infant mortality rate for females under 1 year.
Deaths > Noncommunicable disease mortality rate: The number of people that die from noncommunicable diseases out of 100,000 people the same age. The number is not an accurate telling of the country's noncommunicable disease rate, but rather how fatal noncommunicable diseases are in each country.
Deaths > Deaths of infants per million people: An infant death is the death from any cause of a live-born child under one year of age. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
Survival rate > To age 65 > Women: Survival to age 65 refers to the percentage of a cohort of newborn infants that would survive to age 65, if subject to current age specific mortality rates."
Health services > Health expenditure per capita > PPP > Constant 2005 international $: Total health expenditure is the sum of public and private health expenditures as a ratio of total population. It covers the provision of health services (preventive and curative), family planning activities, nutrition activities, and emergency aid designated for health but does not include provision of water and sanitation. Data are in international dollars converted using 2005 purchasing power parity (PPP) rates."
Life expectancy at birth > Years > Total population: Life expectancy at birth (years) 2003 - Total population
Diseases > Overweight > Male Body Mass Index (BMI): Countries compared by average male BMI, according to data gathered by researchers at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. The BMI (Body Mass Index) measures how appropiate is the weight of an individual compared to their height. The calculation is made measuring your weight in kilograms and dividing it twice by your height measured in metres. A high BMI (25 or more) is usually associated with a risk of suffering diverse health problems.
Tobacco > Total adult smokers per million: Total adults smoking. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Births and maternity > Number of births per thousand people: Total number of live births. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Intestinal diseases death rate: Death rate from intestinal infectious diseases
Units: Deaths/100,000 Population
Units: The final number is based on an aggregation of deaths recorded for WHO code B01 for all age groups by sex. These were then combined with UN Population Division population data for the country in that particular year. The death rates were standardized utilizing the age structure for the population of Canada. See page 22 of the2001 ESI report for more details on the methodology.
Incidence of tuberculosis > Per 100,000 people: Incidence of tuberculosis is the estimated number of new pulmonary, smear positive, and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis cases.
Diseases > Obesity > Obesity rate (men): Percentage of males aged over 15 years who are obese. The World Health Organization defines obesity as a body mass index over 30. The average BMI is 18.5 to 24.9.
Life expectancy > Inequality adjusted index: Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index.
Deaths > Deaths of infant boys: An infant death is the death from any cause of a live-born child under one year of age.
Deaths > Deaths of infant boys per million people: An infant death is the death from any cause of a live-born child under one year of age. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
Deaths > Early death rate (probability of dying beetween 15 and 60 years) > Both sexes: Adult mortality rate (probability of dying between 15 and 60 years per 1000 population).
Dependency ratio per 100: Dependency ratio (per 100), 2003
Medical staff > Dental staff (per 10,000 people): Dentistry personnel density (per 10 000 population).
Smoking rate > Women: Prevalence of smoking, female is the percentage of women ages 15 and over who smoke any form of tobacco, including cigarettes, cigars, and pipes, and excluding smokeless tobacco. Data include daily and non-daily smoking."
Diseases > Tuberculosis cases: Number of reported tuberbculosis cases.
Births and maternity > Caesarean birth rate: Percentage of live births that are delivered through a cesarean section, more commonly referred to as a c-section.
Infant mortality rate > Female: This entry gives the number of deaths of infants under one year old in a given year per 1,000 live births in the same year; included is the total death rate, and deaths by sex, male and female. This rate is often used as an indicator of the level of health in a country.
Tobacco > Male smoking rate: Male [%].
Diseases > HIV AIDS > Number living with HIV AIDS > Aged over 15: Population with HIV/AIDS (estimate).
Births and maternity > Abortion > When abortion is legal > Rape or incest: Abortion laws by grounds on which abortion is permitted.
Births and maternity > Maternity leave > Proportion of wages paid: Percentage of usual wages the country mandates employers to pay women on maternity leave. For instance, Italy requires employers to pay a woman 80% of her normal wages while off work after giving birth.
Deaths > Deaths of infant girls: An infant death is the death from any cause of a live-born child under one year of age.
Diseases > Measles cases: Number of reported measles cases.
Tobacco > Female smoking rate: Female [%].
Reproductive health > Maternal mortality ratio > Modeled estimate > Per 100,000 live births: Maternal mortality ratio is the number of women who die during pregnancy and childbirth, per 100,000 live births. The data are estimated with a regression model using information on fertility, birth attendants, and HIV prevalence."
Healthy life expectancy at birth > Years > Females: Healthy life expectancy at birth (years) 2002 - Females
Deaths > Early death rate (probability of dying beetween 15 and 60 years) > Males: Adult mortality rate (probability of dying between 15 and 60 years per 1000 population).
Diseases > Tuberculosis cases per million people: Number of reported tuberbculosis cases. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
Diseases > Obesity > Obesity rate (women): Percentage of females aged over 15 years who are obese. The World Health Organization defines obesity as a body mass index over 30. The average BMI is 18.5 to 24.9.
Diseases > Obesity > Male obesity rate: Percentage of males older than 14 who are obese, meaning their Body Mass Index (BMI) exceeds 30.
Healthy life expectancy at birth > Years > Males: Healthy life expectancy at birth (years) 2002 - Males
Reproductive health > Lifetime risk of maternal death > 1 in > Rate varies by country: Life time risk of maternal death is the probability that a 15-year-old female will die eventually from a maternal cause assuming that current levels of fertility and mortality (including maternal mortality) do not change in the future, taking into account competing causes of death. "
SARS total cases: Total cases of SARS in given countries
Births and maternity > Future births per million people: Mid-range estimate for country's population increase due to births from five years prior to the given year. For example, from 2095 to 2100, India's population is expected to rise by 16,181 people due to births. Estimates are from the UN Population Division. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
Disease prevention > Tuberculosis case detection rate > All forms: Tuberculosis case detection rate (all forms) is the percentage of newly notified tuberculosis cases (including relapses) to estimated incident cases (case detection, all forms)."
Total fertility rate: Total fertility rate, 2003
Births and maternity > Maternity leave > Provider: The method/s in which women receive an income during their maternity leave. Some countries put the responsibility solely on the employer, while others either include maternity leaves into their social welfare programs or use a combination of the two. Some countries do not have laws regarding maternity leave such as the United States and Papua New Guinea.
Infant mortality > Male babies: Infant mortality rate for males under 1 year.
Births and maternity > Abortion > When abortion is legal > To preserve mental health: Abortion laws by grounds on which abortion is permitted.
Life expectancy at birth > Years > Females: Life expectancy at birth (years) 2003 - Females
SARS fatalities: Number of deaths
Deaths > Early death rate (probability of dying beetween 15 and 60 years) > Females: Adult mortality rate (probability of dying between 15 and 60 years per 1000 population).
Caesarian birth rate: Percent of births delivered by caesarean section.
Respiratory disease child death rate: Child death rate from respiratory diseases
Units: Deaths/100,000 Population Aged 0-14
Units: The final number is based on an aggregation of deaths recorded for WHO codes B31 and B320, and B321, by sex and by age. These were then combined with UN Population Division population data broken down by age group to produce rates. See page 22 of the 2001 ESI report for more details on the methodology.
Diseases > HIV AIDS > Number living with HIV AIDS > Women > Aged above 14: Population with HIV/AIDS (estimate).
Births and maternity > Abortion > When abortion is legal > Economic or social reasons: Abortion laws by grounds on which abortion is permitted.
Births and maternity > Abortion > When abortion is legal > On request: Abortion laws by grounds on which abortion is permitted.
Probability of dying before 5 > Females: Probability of females dying before reaching the age of 5. (2003)
Per capita government expenditure on health in international dollars: Per capita government expenditure on health in international dollars, 2002
Expenditure > Public > % of GDP: Public health expenditure consists of recurrent and capital spending from government (central and local) budgets, external borrowings and grants (including donations from international agencies and nongovernmental organizations), and social (or compulsory) health insurance funds.
Births attended by skilled health staff > % of total: Births attended by skilled health staff are the percentage of deliveries attended by personnel trained to give the necessary supervision, care, and advice to women during pregnancy, labor, and the postpartum period; to conduct deliveries on their own; and to care for newborns.
Improved sanitation facilities > % of population with access: Access to improved sanitation facilities refers to the percentage of the population with at least adequate access to excreta disposal facilities that can effectively prevent human, animal, and insect contact with excreta. Improved facilities range from simple but protected pit latrines to flush toilets with a sewerage connection. To be effective, facilities must be correctly constructed and properly maintained.
Tuberculosis treatment success rate > % of registered cases: Tuberculosis treatment success rate is the percentage of new, registered smear-positive (infectious) cases that were cured or in which a full course of treatment was completed.
% immunized 1-year-old children > HepB3: Health - % immunized 2002 1-year-old children - HepB3
Disease prevention > Tuberculosis treatment success rate > % of registered cases: Tuberculosis treatment success rate is the percentage of new, registered smear-positive (infectious) cases that were cured or in which a full course of treatment was completed."
Disease prevention > Improved sanitation facilities > % of population with access: Access to improved sanitation facilities refers to the percentage of the population with at least adequate access to excreta disposal facilities that can effectively prevent human, animal, and insect contact with excreta. Improved facilities range from simple but protected pit latrines to flush toilets with a sewerage connection. To be effective, facilities must be correctly constructed and properly maintained."
Health services > External resources for health > % of total expenditure on health: External resources for health are funds or services in kind that are provided by entities not part of the country in question. The resources may come from international organisations, other countries through bilateral arrangements, or foreign nongovernmental organisations. These resources are part of total health expenditure."
Cause of death, by communicable diseases and maternal, prenatal and nutrition conditions > % of total: Cause of death, by communicable diseases and maternal, prenatal and nutrition conditions (% of total). Cause of death refers to the share of all deaths for all ages by underlying causes. Communicable diseases and maternal, prenatal and nutrition conditions include infectious and parasitic diseases, respiratory infections, and nutritional deficiencies such as underweight and stunting.
Cause of death, by injury > % of total: Cause of death, by injury (% of total). Cause of death refers to the share of all deaths for all ages by underlying causes. Injuries include unintentional and intentional injuries.
Diseases > Prevalence of anemia among pregnant women > %: Prevalence of anemia among pregnant women (%). Prevalence of anemia, pregnant women, is the percentage of pregnant women whose hemoglobin level is less than 110 grams per liter at sea level.
Private health spending > % of GDP: Private health expenditure includes direct household (out-of-pocket) spending, private insurance, charitable donations, and direct service payments by private corporations."
Nutrition > Prevalence of overweight > % of children under 5: Prevalence of overweight children is the percentage of children under age 5 whose weight for height is more than two standard deviations above the median for the international reference population of the corresponding age as established by the WHO's new child growth standards released in 2006.
Public health spending > % of government spending: Public health expenditure consists of recurrent and capital spending from government (central and local) budgets, external borrowings and grants (including donations from international agencies and nongovernmental organisations), and social (or compulsory) health insurance funds."
Infant mortality rate > Male: This entry gives the number of deaths of infants under one year old in a given year per 1,000 live births in the same year; included is the total death rate, and deaths by sex, male and female. This rate is often used as an indicator of the level of health in a country.
SARS median age range: Median age range for SARS infected persons
% immunized 1-year-old children > DPT3: Health - % immunized 2002 1-year-old children - DPT3
Nutrition > Low-birthweight babies > % of births: Low-birthweight babies are newborns weighing less than 2,500 grams, with the measurement taken within the first hours of life, before significant postnatal weight loss has occurred."
Public health spending > % of total health spending: Public health expenditure consists of recurrent and capital spending from government (central and local) budgets, external borrowings and grants (including donations from international agencies and nongovernmental organisations), and social (or compulsory) health insurance funds. Total health expenditure is the sum of public and private health expenditure. It covers the provision of health services (preventive and curative), family planning activities, nutrition activities, and emergency aid designated for health but does not include provision of water and sanitation."
Mortality > Completeness of total death reporting > % of reported total deaths to estimated total deaths: Completeness of total death reporting is the number of total deaths reported by national statistics authorities to the United Nations Statistics Division's Demography Yearbook divided by the number of total deaths estimated by the United Nations Population Division.
Prepaid plans as % of private expenditure on health: Prepaid plans as % of private expenditure on health, 2002
SARS fatality ratio %: Case fatality ratio (%)
SARS female cases %: Percentage of the female population relative to the total infected population
Mortality > Completeness of infant death reporting > % of reported infant deaths to estimated infant deaths: Completeness of infant death reporting is the number of infant deaths reported by national statistics authorities to the United Nations Statistics Division's Demography Yearbook divided by the number of infant deaths estimated by the United Nations Population Division.
Births and maternity > Abortion > When abortion is legal > Foetal impairment: Abortion laws by grounds on which abortion is permitted.
Births and maternity > Abortion > When abortion is legal > To preserve physical health: Abortion laws by grounds on which abortion is permitted.
Life expectancy at birth > Years > Males: Life expectancy at birth (years) 2003 - Males
Births and maternity > All births of girls: Live births by sex and urban/rural residence.
Births and maternity > All births of girls per thousand people: Live births by sex and urban/rural residence. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Births and maternity > Percent of births registered: Civil registration coverage of births (%).
Diseases > Diabetes > Prevalence > % of population ages 20 to 79: Diabetes prevalence (% of population ages 20 to 79). Diabetes prevalence refers to the percentage of people ages 20-79 who have type 1 or type 2 diabetes.
Births and maternity > Abortion > When abortion is legal > To save the woman's life: Abortion laws by grounds on which abortion is permitted.
Births and maternity > All births of boys per thousand people: Live births by sex and urban/rural residence. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Life expectancy > 95% range: 95% range.
Nutrition > Prevalence of undernourishment > % of population: Population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption (also referred to as prevalence of undernourishment) shows the percentage of the population whose food intake is insufficient to meet dietary energy requirements continuously. Data showing as 2.5 signifies a prevalence of undernourishment below 2.5%.
Disease prevention > Improved sanitation facilities > Urban > % of urban population with access: Access to improved sanitation facilities refers to the percentage of the population with at least adequate access to excreta disposal facilities that can effectively prevent human, animal, and insect contact with excreta. Improved facilities range from simple but protected pit latrines to flush toilets with a sewerage connection. To be effective, facilities must be correctly constructed and properly maintained."
Disease prevention > Improved water source > % of population with access: Access to an improved water source refers to the percentage of the population with reasonable access to an adequate amount of water from an improved source, such as a household connection, public standpipe, borehole, protected well or spring, and rainwater collection. Unimproved sources include vendors, tanker trucks, and unprotected wells and springs. Reasonable access is defined as the availability of at least 20 liters a person a day from a source within one kilometer of the dwelling."
Disease prevention > Improved water source > Urban > % of urban population with access: Access to an improved water source refers to the percentage of the population with reasonable access to an adequate amount of water from an improved source, such as a household connection, public standpipe, borehole, protected well or spring, and rainwater collection. Unimproved sources include vendors, tanker trucks, and unprotected wells and springs. Reasonable access is defined as the availability of at least 20 liters a person a day from a source within one kilometer of the dwelling."
Diseases > Prevalence of anemia among children > % of children under 5: Prevalence of anemia among children (% of children under 5). Prevalence of anemia, children under age 5, is the percentage of children under age 5 whose hemoglobin level is less than 110 grams per liter at sea level.
Diseases > Cause of death, by non-communicable diseases > % of total: Cause of death, by non-communicable diseases (% of total). Cause of death refers to the share of all deaths for all ages by underlying causes. Non-communicable diseases include cancer, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, digestive diseases, skin diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, and congenital anomalies.
Diseases > Female adults with HIV > % of population ages 15+ with HIV: Female adults with HIV (% of population ages 15+ with HIV). Prevalence of HIV is the percentage of people who are infected with HIV. Female rate is as a percentage of the total population ages 15+ who are living with HIV.
Immunisation > Immunization, DPT > % of children ages 12-23 months: Immunization, DPT (% of children ages 12-23 months). Child immunization measures the percentage of children ages 12-23 months who received vaccinations before 12 months or at any time before the survey. A child is considered adequately immunized against diphtheria, pertussis (or whooping cough), and tetanus (DPT) after receiving three doses of vaccine.
Immunisation > Immunization, measles > % of children ages 12-23 months: Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months). Child immunization measures the percentage of children ages 12-23 months who received vaccinations before 12 months or at any time before the survey. A child is considered adequately immunized against measles after receiving one dose of vaccine.
Pregnant women receiving prenatal care > %: Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%). Pregnant women receiving prenatal care are the percentage of women attended at least once during pregnancy by skilled health personnel for reasons related to pregnancy.
Prevalence of HIV > Total > % of population ages 15-49: Prevalence of HIV refers to the percentage of people ages 15-49 who are infected with HIV.
Contraceptive prevalence > % of women ages 15-49: Contraceptive prevalence rate is the percentage of women who are practicing, or whose sexual partners are practicing, any form of contraception. It is usually measured for married women ages 15-49 only.
Immunization > Measles > % of children ages 12-23 months: Child immunization measures the percentage of children ages 12-23 months who received vaccinations before 12 months or at any time before the survey. A child is considered adequately immunized against measles after receiving one dose of vaccine.
Tuberculosis case detection rate > %, all forms: Tuberculosis case detection rate (%, all forms). Tuberculosis case detection rate (all forms) is the percentage of newly notified tuberculosis cases (including relapses) to estimated incident cases (case detection, all forms).
Out-of-pocket health expenditure > % of total expenditure on health: Out-of-pocket health expenditure (% of total expenditure on health). Out of pocket expenditure is any direct outlay by households, including gratuities and in-kind payments, to health practitioners and suppliers of pharmaceuticals, therapeutic appliances, and other goods and services whose primary intent is to contribute to the restoration or enhancement of the health status of individuals or population groups. It is a part of private health expenditure.
Health expenditure, private > % of GDP: Health expenditure, private (% of GDP). Private health expenditure includes direct household (out-of-pocket) spending, private insurance, charitable donations, and direct service payments by private corporations.
Health expenditure, public > % of GDP: Health expenditure, public (% of GDP). Public health expenditure consists of recurrent and capital spending from government (central and local) budgets, external borrowings and grants (including donations from international agencies and nongovernmental organizations), and social (or compulsory) health insurance funds.
Improved water source > Urban > % of urban population with access: Access to an improved water source refers to the percentage of the population with reasonable access to an adequate amount of water from an improved source, such as a household connection, public standpipe, borehole, protected well or spring, and rainwater collection. Unimproved sources include vendors, tanker trucks, and unprotected wells and springs. Reasonable access is defined as the availability of at least 20 liters a person a day from a source within one kilometer of the dwelling.
Improved water source > Rural > % of rural population with access: Access to an improved water source refers to the percentage of the population with reasonable access to an adequate amount of water from an improved source, such as a household connection, public standpipe, borehole, protected well or spring, and rainwater collection. Unimproved sources include vendors, tanker trucks, and unprotected wells and springs. Reasonable access is defined as the availability of at least 20 liters a person a day from a source within one kilometer of the dwelling.
Immunization > DPT > % of children ages 12-23 months: Child immunization measures the percentage of children ages 12-23 months who received vaccinations before 12 months or at any time before the survey. A child is considered adequately immunized against diphtheria, pertussis (or whooping cough), and tetanus (DPT) after receiving three doses of vaccine.
Risk factors > Prevalence of HIV > Male > % ages 15-24: Prevalence of HIV is the percentage of people who are infected with HIV. Youth rates are as a percentage of the relevant age group.
Health services > Out-of-pocket health expenditure > % of private expenditure on health: Out of pocket expenditure is any direct outlay by households, including gratuities and in-kind payments, to health practitioners and suppliers of pharmaceuticals, therapeutic appliances, and other goods and services whose primary intent is to contribute to the restoration or enhancement of the health status of individuals or population groups. It is a part of private health expenditure."
Health spending > % of GDP: Total health expenditure is the sum of public and private health expenditure. It covers the provision of health services (preventive and curative), family planning activities, nutrition activities, and emergency aid designated for health but does not include provision of water and sanitation."
Disease prevention > Improved sanitation facilities > Rural > % of rural population with access: Access to improved sanitation facilities refers to the percentage of the population with at least adequate access to excreta disposal facilities that can effectively prevent human, animal, and insect contact with excreta. Improved facilities range from simple but protected pit latrines to flush toilets with a sewerage connection. To be effective, facilities must be correctly constructed and properly maintained."
Risk factors > Female adults with HIV > % of population ages 15+ with HIV: Prevalence of HIV is the percentage of people who are infected with HIV. Female rate is as a percentage of the total population with HIV.
Risk factors > Incidence of tuberculosis > Per 100,000 people: Incidence of tuberculosis is the estimated number of new pulmonary, smear positive, and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis cases."
Risk factors > Prevalence of HIV > Total > % of population ages 15-49: Prevalence of HIV refers to the percentage of people ages 15-49 who are infected with HIV.
Public health spending > % of GDP: Public health expenditure consists of recurrent and capital spending from government (central and local) budgets, external borrowings and grants (including donations from international agencies and nongovernmental organisations), and social (or compulsory) health insurance funds."
Private expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on health: Private expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on health, 2002
Out-of-pocket expenditure as % of private health expenditure: Out-of-pocket expenditure on health as % of private expenditure on health, 2002
Deaths > Deaths of infant girls per million people: An infant death is the death from any cause of a live-born child under one year of age. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
Health expenditure, total > % of GDP: Health expenditure, total (% of GDP). Total health expenditure is the sum of public and private health expenditure. It covers the provision of health services (preventive and curative), family planning activities, nutrition activities, and emergency aid designated for health but does not include provision of water and sanitation.
Smoking prevalence > Females > % of adults: Prevalence of smoking, female is the percentage of women who smoke cigarettes. The age range varies among countries but in most is 18 and older or 15 and older.
Expenditure > Total > % of GDP: Total health expenditure is the sum of public and private health expenditure. It covers the provision of health services (preventive and curative), family planning activities, nutrition activities, and emergency aid designated for health but does not include provision of water and sanitation.
Prevalence of undernourishment > % of population: Population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption (also referred to as prevalence of undernourishment) shows the percentage of the population whose food intake is insufficient to meet dietary energy requirements continuously. Data showing as 2.5 signifies a prevalence of undernourishment below 2.5%.
Improved water source > % of population with access: Access to an improved water source refers to the percentage of the population with reasonable access to an adequate amount of water from an improved source, such as a household connection, public standpipe, borehole, protected well or spring, and rainwater collection. Unimproved sources include vendors, tanker trucks, and unprotected wells and springs. Reasonable access is defined as the availability of at least 20 liters a person a day from a source within one kilometer of the dwelling.
Out-of-pocket health expenditure > % of private expenditure on health: Out of pocket expenditure is any direct outlay by households, including gratuities and in-kind payments, to health practitioners and suppliers of pharmaceuticals, therapeutic appliances, and other goods and services whose primary intent is to contribute to the restoration or enhancement of the health status of individuals or population groups. It is a part of private health expenditure.
Reproductive health > Births attended by skilled health staff > % of total: Births attended by skilled health staff are the percentage of deliveries attended by personnel trained to give the necessary supervision, care, and advice to women during pregnancy, labor, and the postpartum period; to conduct deliveries on their own; and to care for newborns."

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STAT	Germany	Mongolia
Birth rate > Crude > Per 1,000 people	8.4 per 1,000 people Ranked 179th.	17.69 per 1,000 people Ranked 111th. 2 times more than Germany
Births and maternity > Average age of mother at childbirth	30.3 Ranked 16th. 6% more than Mongolia	28.7 Ranked 14th.
Births and maternity > Future births	492.7 Ranked 51st. 11 times more than Mongolia	45.42 Ranked 126th.
Births and maternity > Total fertility rate	1.76% Ranked 191st.	1.94% Ranked 48th. 10% more than Germany
Hospital beds > Per 1,000 people	8.9 per 1,000 people Ranked 2nd.	11.49 per 1,000 people Ranked 13th. 29% more than Germany
Human height > Average female height	1.650 m (5 ft 5 in)	1.607 m (5 ft 3 ⁄ 2 in)
Human height > Average male height	1.780 m (5 ft 10 in)	1.720 m (5 ft 7 ⁄ 2 in)
Life expectancy > Men	78 years Ranked 16th. 20% more than Mongolia	65 years Ranked 85th.
Life expectancy at birth > Total population	80.07 years Ranked 26th. 17% more than Mongolia	68.31 years Ranked 149th.
Life expectancy at birth, female > Years	83.2 Ranked 23th. 17% more than Mongolia	71.21 Ranked 131st.
Life expectancy at birth, male > Years	78.4 Ranked 21st. 24% more than Mongolia	63.23 Ranked 144th.
Life expectancy at birth, total > Years	80.74 Ranked 24th. 20% more than Mongolia	67.12 Ranked 139th.
Physicians > Per 1,000 people	3.4 per 1,000 people Ranked 15th. 29% more than Mongolia	2.63 per 1,000 people Ranked 22nd.
Quality of health care system > Cost	67.5 Ranked 22nd. 57% more than Mongolia	42.86 Ranked 6th.
Quality of health care system > Health care system index	75.64 Ranked 10th. 3 times more than Mongolia	27.23 Ranked 7th.
Probability of reaching 65 > Male	79.2% Ranked 25th. 47% more than Mongolia	53.9% Ranked 107th.
Diseases > Cancer > Cancer death rate (per 100,000 population)	135 Ranked 79th.	289 Ranked 2nd. 2 times more than Germany
Infant mortality rate > Total	3.54 deaths/1,000 live births Ranked 202nd.	37.26 deaths/1,000 live births Ranked 65th. 11 times more than Germany
Deaths > Percent deaths registered	90-100	75-89
Fertility rate > Total > Births per woman	1.36 births per woman Ranked 157th.	2.33 births per woman Ranked 98th. 71% more than Germany
Infant mortality rate	4.2 Ranked 170th.	55.45 Ranked 46th. 13 times more than Germany
Births and maternity > Infant mortality rate	3.4 Ranked 169th.	23 Ranked 77th. 7 times more than Germany
Life expectancy > Women	83 years Ranked 15th. 14% more than Mongolia	73 years Ranked 76th.
Human height > Stature ratio (male to female ratio)	1.08 Ranked 2nd. 1% more than Mongolia	1.07 Ranked 4th.
Quality of health care system > Skill and competence of medical staff	78.5 Ranked 7th. 2 times more than Mongolia	34.38 Ranked 7th.
Quality of health care system > Short waiting times	64.89 Ranked 8th. 7 times more than Mongolia	9.38 Ranked 7th.
Health services > Hospital beds > Per 1,000 people	8.3 Ranked 6th. 36% more than Mongolia	6.11 Ranked 13th.
Diseases > Overweight > Average Body Mass Index (BMI)	25.32 Ranked 47th.	25.94 Ranked 33th. 2% more than Germany
Adolescent fertility rate > Births per 1,000 women ages 15-19	9.76 births Ranked 157th.	52.89 births Ranked 76th. 5 times more than Germany
Probability of reaching 65 > Female	89.3% Ranked 17th. 40% more than Mongolia	64% Ranked 108th.
Quality of health care system > Modern equipment	100 Ranked 3rd.	0.0 Ranked 7th.
Deaths > Deaths of infants	2,300 Ranked 3rd. 80% more than Mongolia	1,275 Ranked 21st.
Expenditure per capita > Current US$	3,521.4$ Ranked 10th. 94 times more than Mongolia	37.3$ Ranked 131st.
Health expenditure per capita > Current US$	$4,874.99 Ranked 14th. 30 times more than Mongolia	$160.70 Ranked 121st.
Births and maternity > Teenage birth rate	8.2 Ranked 13th.	19.8 Ranked 49th. 2 times more than Germany
Quality of health care system > Accuracy and completeness in filling out reports	77.6 Ranked 6th. 2 times more than Mongolia	31.25 Ranked 7th.
Diseases > Incidence of tuberculosis > Per 100,000 people	5.6 Ranked 186th.	223 Ranked 36th. 40 times more than Germany
Births and maternity > Crude birth rate	8.3 Ranked 53th.	22.9 Ranked 10th. 3 times more than Germany
Births and maternity > Maternal death rate	7 per 100,000 live births Ranked 158th.	63 per 100,000 live births Ranked 92nd. 9 times more than Germany
Maternal mortality	8 per 100,000 Ranked 117th.	150 per 100,000 Ranked 54th. 19 times more than Germany
Health services > Physicians > Per 1,000 people	3.48 Ranked 17th. 32% more than Mongolia	2.63 Ranked 24th.
Services, etc., value added > Current LCU per capita	19,459.16 Ranked 92nd.	2.16 million Ranked 11th. 111 times more than Germany
Death rates > Children under 5	4.2 Ranked 161st.	28.8 Ranked 79th. 7 times more than Germany
Death rates > Women	55.65 Ranked 159th.	184.04 Ranked 49th. 3 times more than Germany
Quality of health care system > Speed in delivering examinations and reports	72.45 Ranked 11th. 3 times more than Mongolia	28.12 Ranked 7th.
Death rates > Men	106.92 Ranked 152nd.	291.02 Ranked 44th. 3 times more than Germany
Diseases > HIV AIDS > AIDS deaths	500 Ranked 60th. 5 times more than Mongolia	100 Ranked 101st.
Births and maternity > Abortion > Legal abortions total	108,867 Ranked 6th. 9 times more than Mongolia	12,492 Ranked 25th.
Quality of health care system > Friendliness and courtesy of staff	70.65 Ranked 19th. 2 times more than Mongolia	31.25 Ranked 7th.
Nutrition > Depth of hunger > Kilocalories per person per day	110 Ranked 135th.	260 Ranked 30th. 2 times more than Germany
Tobacco > Total adult smokers	35% Ranked 33th.	46.7% Ranked 5th. 33% more than Germany
Births and maternity > Number of births	677,947 Ranked 12th. 11 times more than Mongolia	63,270 Ranked 27th.
Hunger and malnutrition > Children > Small children underweight	1.1% Ranked 34th.	4.7% Ranked 25th. 4 times more than Germany
Life expectancy at birth > Total > Years	78.93 years Ranked 27th. 18% more than Mongolia	66.84 years Ranked 117th.
Life expectancy > Male	77.63 Ranked 20th. 22% more than Mongolia	63.39 Ranked 127th.
Nurses and midwives > Per 1,000 people	11.38 Ranked 10th. 3 times more than Mongolia	3.5 Ranked 68th.
Quality of health care system > Convenient location	81.63 Ranked 8th. 3 times more than Mongolia	25 Ranked 7th.
Services, etc., value added > Current LCU	1.59 trillion Ranked 49th.	6.04 trillion Ranked 22nd. 4 times more than Germany
Death rates > Infants	3.5 Ranked 160th.	24.3 Ranked 80th. 7 times more than Germany
Life expectancy at birth > Female	82.44 years Ranked 35th. 16% more than Mongolia	70.89 years Ranked 152nd.
Life expectancy > Female	82.67 Ranked 19th. 18% more than Mongolia	69.91 Ranked 122nd.
Births and maternity > Maternity leave > Weeks of leave given	60 Ranked 35th. 3 times more than Mongolia	24 Ranked 122nd.
Births and maternity > Antenatal care > Mothers getting 1+ visit during pregnancy	100% Ranked 2nd. 1% more than Mongolia	99% Ranked 4th.
Per capita total expenditure on health in international dollars	2,817 Ranked 8th. 22 times more than Mongolia	128 Ranked 130th.
Births and maternity > Abortion > Legal abortions total per thousand people	1.33 Ranked 29th.	4.6 Ranked 8th. 3 times more than Germany
Diseases > HIV AIDS > AIDS deaths per million people	6.11 Ranked 112th.	36.31 Ranked 79th. 6 times more than Germany
Diseases > HIV AIDS > Prevalance > 15-49 year old > Both sexes	0.2% Ranked 101st. Twice as much as Mongolia	0.1% Ranked 128th.
Diseases > Measles > Children immunised against measles	99% Ranked 5th. 1% more than Mongolia	98% Ranked 38th.
Life expectancy at birth > Male	77.82 years Ranked 25th. 18% more than Mongolia	65.85 years Ranked 146th.
Life expectancy at birth > Female > Years	81.8 years Ranked 19th. 19% more than Mongolia	68.48 years Ranked 118th.
Healthy life expectancy at birth > Years > Total population	71.8 Ranked 14th. 29% more than Mongolia	55.6 Ranked 121st.
Life expectancy > 95 percent range	(82.60-83.10)	(67.80-70.80)
Diseases > Cardiovascular death rate (per 100,000 population)	199 Ranked 154th.	475 Ranked 26th. 2 times more than Germany
Diseases > Obesity > Female obesity rate	12% Ranked 9th.	13% Ranked 1st. 8% more than Germany
Health services > Nurses and midwives > Per 1,000 people	7.99 Ranked 16th. 2 times more than Mongolia	3.45 Ranked 6th.
Births and maternity > All births of boys	344,000 Ranked 4th. 11 times more than Mongolia	32,299 Ranked 53th.
Health spending per capita	4,209.18 Ranked 14th. 66 times more than Mongolia	63.62 Ranked 130th.
Diseases > Overweight > Female Body Mass Index (BMI)	23.46 Ranked 72nd.	27.1 Ranked 8th. 16% more than Germany
Life expectancy at birth > Male > Years	76.2 years Ranked 27th. 17% more than Mongolia	65.28 years Ranked 110th.
Tuberculosis cases > Per 100,000	5 Ranked 145th.	124 Ranked 45th. 25 times more than Germany
Deaths > Deaths from injuries (per 100,000 population)	28 Ranked 177th.	86 Ranked 71st. 3 times more than Germany
Survival rate > To age 65 > Men	85.15 Ranked 22nd. 49% more than Mongolia	57.23 Ranked 128th.
Drug access	95% Ranked 3rd. 90% more than Mongolia	50% Ranked 111th.
Infant mortality > Female babies	4.4 deaths per 1000 live births Ranked 178th.	41.2 deaths per 1000 live births Ranked 69th. 9 times more than Germany
Deaths > Noncommunicable disease mortality rate	429 Ranked 164th.	923 Ranked 22nd. 2 times more than Germany
Deaths > Deaths of infants per million people	28.09 Ranked 37th.	470 Ranked 4th. 17 times more than Germany
Survival rate > To age 65 > Women	92 Ranked 18th. 30% more than Mongolia	70.59 Ranked 127th.
Health services > Health expenditure per capita > PPP > Constant 2005 international $	$3,587.82 Ranked 11th. 20 times more than Mongolia	$175.79 Ranked 116th.
Life expectancy at birth > Years > Total population	79 Ranked 15th. 22% more than Mongolia	65 Ranked 120th.
Diseases > Overweight > Male Body Mass Index (BMI)	27.17 Ranked 23th. 10% more than Mongolia	24.78 Ranked 103th.
Tobacco > Total adult smokers per million	0.424% Ranked 101st.	18.48% Ranked 22nd. 44 times more than Germany
Births and maternity > Number of births per thousand people	8.29 Ranked 49th.	23.32 Ranked 10th. 3 times more than Germany
Intestinal diseases death rate	0.34% Ranked 126th.	2.06% Ranked 102nd. 6 times more than Germany
Incidence of tuberculosis > Per 100,000 people	7.19 per 100,000 people Ranked 179th.	190.51 per 100,000 people Ranked 52nd. 26 times more than Germany
Diseases > Obesity > Obesity rate (men)	21.1% Ranked 2nd. 69% more than Mongolia	12.5% Ranked 13th.
Life expectancy > Inequality adjusted index	0.915 Ranked 15th. 47% more than Mongolia	0.623 Ranked 113th.
Deaths > Deaths of infant boys	1,347 Ranked 7th. 84% more than Mongolia	731 Ranked 23th.
Deaths > Deaths of infant boys per million people	16.47 Ranked 43th.	277.65 Ranked 2nd. 17 times more than Germany
Deaths > Early death rate (probability of dying beetween 15 and 60 years) > Both sexes	55 Ranked 168th.	192 Ranked 62nd. 3 times more than Germany
Dependency ratio per 100	48 Ranked 138th.	56 Ranked 101st. 17% more than Germany
Medical staff > Dental staff (per 10,000 people)	8	1
Smoking rate > Women	26 Ranked 25th. 4 times more than Mongolia	6 Ranked 76th.
Diseases > Tuberculosis cases	1,183 Ranked 92nd.	1,856 Ranked 79th. 57% more than Germany
Births and maternity > Caesarean birth rate	29% Ranked 18th. 38% more than Mongolia	21% Ranked 43th.
Infant mortality rate > Female	3.21 deaths/1,000 live births Ranked 200th.	34.11 deaths/1,000 live births Ranked 62nd. 11 times more than Germany
Tobacco > Male smoking rate	37.4 Ranked 53th.	45.8 Ranked 28th. 22% more than Germany
Diseases > HIV AIDS > Number living with HIV AIDS > Aged over 15	49000	<500
Births and maternity > Abortion > When abortion is legal > Rape or incest	Legal	Legal
Births and maternity > Maternity leave > Proportion of wages paid	100% Ranked 8th. 43% more than Mongolia	70% Ranked 140th.
Deaths > Deaths of infant girls	1,061 Ranked 8th. 2 times more than Mongolia	509 Ranked 24th.
Diseases > Measles cases	567 Ranked 26th. 47 times more than Mongolia	12 Ranked 82nd.
Life expectancy > Date of information	2006 est.	2006 est.
Tobacco > Female smoking rate	25.8 Ranked 30th. 4 times more than Mongolia	6.5 Ranked 76th.
Reproductive health > Maternal mortality ratio > Modeled estimate > Per 100,000 live births	7 Ranked 150th.	65 Ranked 83th. 9 times more than Germany
Healthy life expectancy at birth > Years > Females	74 Ranked 11th. 28% more than Mongolia	58 Ranked 121st.
Deaths > Early death rate (probability of dying beetween 15 and 60 years) > Males	55 Ranked 168th.	192 Ranked 62nd. 3 times more than Germany
Diseases > Tuberculosis cases per million people	14.38 Ranked 164th.	715.2 Ranked 23th. 50 times more than Germany
Diseases > Obesity > Obesity rate (women)	21.1% Ranked 2nd. 69% more than Mongolia	12.5% Ranked 13th.
Diseases > Obesity > Male obesity rate	14% Ranked 6th. Twice as much as Mongolia	7% Ranked 1st.
Healthy life expectancy at birth > Years > Males	69.6 Ranked 16th. 31% more than Mongolia	53.3 Ranked 126th.
Reproductive health > Lifetime risk of maternal death > 1 in > Rate varies by country	11,100 Ranked 10th. 15 times more than Mongolia	730 Ranked 78th.
SARS total cases	9 Ranked 9th. The same as Mongolia	9 Ranked 11th.
Births and maternity > Future births per million people	8.55 Ranked 189th.	21.46 Ranked 81st. 3 times more than Germany
Disease prevention > Tuberculosis case detection rate > All forms	86.96% Ranked 36th. 5% more than Mongolia	82.75% Ranked 86th.
Total fertility rate	1.4 Ranked 151st.	2.4 Ranked 99th. 71% more than Germany
Births and maternity > Maternity leave > Provider	Statutory health insurance scheme, employer	Social Insurance Fund
Infant mortality > Male babies	4.5 deaths per 1000 live births Ranked 185th.	48 deaths per 1000 live births Ranked 68th. 11 times more than Germany
Births and maternity > Abortion > When abortion is legal > To preserve mental health	Legal	Legal
Life expectancy at birth > Years > Females	82 Ranked 12th. 19% more than Mongolia	69 Ranked 113th.
SARS fatalities	0.0 Ranked 18th.	0.0 Ranked 29th.
Deaths > Early death rate (probability of dying beetween 15 and 60 years) > Females	55 Ranked 168th.	192 Ranked 62nd. 3 times more than Germany
Caesarian birth rate	22% Ranked 2nd. 4 times more than Mongolia	5% Ranked 11th.
Respiratory disease child death rate	0.51	179.57
Diseases > HIV AIDS > Number living with HIV AIDS > Women > Aged above 14	15000	<100
Births and maternity > Abortion > When abortion is legal > Economic or social reasons	Legal	Legal
Births and maternity > Abortion > When abortion is legal > On request	Legal	Legal
Probability of dying before 5 > Females	5 per 1,000 people Ranked 170th.	76 per 1,000 people Ranked 60th. 15 times more than Germany
Per capita government expenditure on health in international dollars	2,212 Ranked 7th. 25 times more than Mongolia	90 Ranked 119th.
Expenditure > Public > % of GDP	8.15% Ranked 9th. 2 times more than Mongolia	4% Ranked 75th.
Births attended by skilled health staff > % of total	100% Ranked 3rd. 3% more than Mongolia	97% Ranked 22nd.
Improved sanitation facilities > % of population with access	100% Ranked 2nd. 69% more than Mongolia	59% Ranked 101st.
Tuberculosis treatment success rate > % of registered cases	68.24% Ranked 137th.	87.94% Ranked 37th. 29% more than Germany
% immunized 1-year-old children > HepB3	29 Ranked 110th.	98 Ranked 19th. 3 times more than Germany
Disease prevention > Tuberculosis treatment success rate > % of registered cases	40.27% Ranked 162nd.	89.06% Ranked 23th. 2 times more than Germany
Disease prevention > Improved sanitation facilities > % of population with access	100% Ranked 2nd. Twice as much as Mongolia	50% Ranked 121st.
Health services > External resources for health > % of total expenditure on health	0.0 Ranked 132nd.	2.61% Ranked 75th.
Cause of death, by communicable diseases and maternal, prenatal and nutrition conditions > % of total	4.53% Ranked 167th.	14.35% Ranked 103th. 3 times more than Germany
Cause of death, by injury > % of total	3.84% Ranked 181st.	13.31% Ranked 15th. 3 times more than Germany
Diseases > Prevalence of anemia among pregnant women > %	12.33% Ranked 123th.	37.28% Ranked 47th. 3 times more than Germany
Private health spending > % of GDP	2.41% Ranked 81st. 3 times more than Mongolia	0.78% Ranked 165th.
Nutrition > Prevalence of overweight > % of children under 5	3.5% Ranked 26th.	14.2% Ranked 2nd. 4 times more than Germany
Public health spending > % of government spending	18.16% Ranked 11th. Twice as much as Mongolia	9.09% Ranked 126th.
Infant mortality rate > Male	3.84 deaths/1,000 live births Ranked 203th.	40.26 deaths/1,000 live births Ranked 65th. 10 times more than Germany
SARS median age range	44 Ranked 10th. 38% more than Mongolia	32 Ranked 22nd.
% immunized 1-year-old children > DPT3	97 Ranked 41st.	98 Ranked 25th. 1% more than Germany
Nutrition > Low-birthweight babies > % of births	6.5% Ranked 31st. 18% more than Mongolia	5.5% Ranked 30th.
Public health spending > % of total health spending	76.88% Ranked 38th.	81.66% Ranked 20th. 6% more than Germany
Mortality > Completeness of total death reporting > % of reported total deaths to estimated total deaths	98.91% Ranked 16th. 12% more than Mongolia	87.94% Ranked 41st.
Prepaid plans as % of private expenditure on health	39.9% Ranked 13th.	0.0 Ranked 123th.
SARS fatality ratio %	0.0 Ranked 18th.	0.0 Ranked 29th.
SARS female cases %	44% Ranked 16th.	89% Ranked 3rd. 2 times more than Germany
Mortality > Completeness of infant death reporting > % of reported infant deaths to estimated infant deaths	96.02% Ranked 10th. 2 times more than Mongolia	47.56% Ranked 30th.
Births and maternity > Abortion > When abortion is legal > Foetal impairment	Legal	Legal
Births and maternity > Abortion > When abortion is legal > To preserve physical health	Legal	Legal
Life expectancy at birth > Years > Males	76 Ranked 15th. 23% more than Mongolia	62 Ranked 123th.
Births and maternity > All births of girls	327,000 Ranked 4th. 11 times more than Mongolia	30,971 Ranked 51st.
Births and maternity > All births of girls per thousand people	3.99 Ranked 44th.	11.42 Ranked 8th. 3 times more than Germany
Births and maternity > Percent of births registered	>90	>90
Diseases > Diabetes > Prevalence > % of population ages 20 to 79	5.52% Ranked 146th.	6.24% Ranked 123th. 13% more than Germany
Births and maternity > Abortion > When abortion is legal > To save the woman's life	Legal	Legal
Births and maternity > All births of boys per thousand people	4.2 Ranked 44th.	11.91 Ranked 8th. 3 times more than Germany
Life expectancy > 95% range	(82.60-83.10)	(67.80-70.80)
Nutrition > Prevalence of undernourishment > % of population	5% Ranked 95th.	26% Ranked 25th. 5 times more than Germany
Disease prevention > Improved sanitation facilities > Urban > % of urban population with access	100% Ranked 2nd. 56% more than Mongolia	64% Ranked 127th.
Disease prevention > Improved water source > % of population with access	100% Ranked 3rd. 32% more than Mongolia	76% Ranked 128th.
Disease prevention > Improved water source > Urban > % of urban population with access	100% Ranked 3rd. 3% more than Mongolia	97% Ranked 98th.
Diseases > Prevalence of anemia among children > % of children under 5	7.84% Ranked 114th.	21.4% Ranked 9th. 3 times more than Germany
Diseases > Cause of death, by non-communicable diseases > % of total	91.63% Ranked 10th. 27% more than Mongolia	72.35% Ranked 97th.
Diseases > Female adults with HIV > % of population ages 15+ with HIV	17.1% Ranked 141st.	49.6% Ranked 55th. 3 times more than Germany
Immunisation > Immunization, DPT > % of children ages 12-23 months	93% Ranked 103th.	99% Ranked 8th. 6% more than Germany
Immunisation > Immunization, measles > % of children ages 12-23 months	97% Ranked 46th.	99% Ranked 10th. 2% more than Germany
Pregnant women receiving prenatal care > %	100% Ranked 2nd. 1% more than Mongolia	99% Ranked 5th.
Prevalence of HIV > Total > % of population ages 15-49	0.12% Ranked 114th. 20% more than Mongolia	0.1% Ranked 129th.
Contraceptive prevalence > % of women ages 15-49	75% Ranked 3rd. 9% more than Mongolia	69% Ranked 2nd.
Immunization > Measles > % of children ages 12-23 months	93% Ranked 81st.	99% Ranked 14th. 6% more than Germany
Tuberculosis case detection rate > %, all forms	87% Ranked 27th. 32% more than Mongolia	66% Ranked 137th.
Out-of-pocket health expenditure > % of total expenditure on health	12.41% Ranked 164th.	39.73% Ranked 65th. 3 times more than Germany
Health expenditure, private > % of GDP	2.67% Ranked 83th. 19% more than Mongolia	2.24% Ranked 108th.
Health expenditure, public > % of GDP	8.39% Ranked 9th. 3 times more than Mongolia	3.01% Ranked 115th.
Improved water source > Urban > % of urban population with access	100% Ranked 4th. 15% more than Mongolia	87% Ranked 136th.
Improved water source > Rural > % of rural population with access	100% Ranked 2nd. 3 times more than Mongolia	30% Ranked 168th.
Immunization > DPT > % of children ages 12-23 months	90% Ranked 103th.	99% Ranked 15th. 10% more than Germany
Risk factors > Prevalence of HIV > Male > % ages 15-24	0.1% Ranked 110th. The same as Mongolia	0.1% Ranked 117th.
Health services > Out-of-pocket health expenditure > % of private expenditure on health	56.63% Ranked 151st.	84.36% Ranked 89th. 49% more than Germany
Health spending > % of GDP	10.43% Ranked 11th. 2 times more than Mongolia	4.27% Ranked 138th.
Disease prevention > Improved sanitation facilities > Rural > % of rural population with access	100% Ranked 1st. 3 times more than Mongolia	32% Ranked 127th.
Risk factors > Female adults with HIV > % of population ages 15+ with HIV	28.85% Ranked 81st. 44% more than Mongolia	20% Ranked 127th.
Risk factors > Incidence of tuberculosis > Per 100,000 people	5.12 Ranked 176th.	210 Ranked 46th. 41 times more than Germany
Risk factors > Prevalence of HIV > Total > % of population ages 15-49	0.1% Ranked 110th.	0.0 Ranked 2nd.
Public health spending > % of GDP	8.02% Ranked 9th. 2 times more than Mongolia	3.49% Ranked 89th.
Private expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on health	21.5% Ranked 157th.	29.6% Ranked 120th. 38% more than Germany
Out-of-pocket expenditure as % of private health expenditure	48.2% Ranked 169th.	74% Ranked 143th. 54% more than Germany
Deaths > Deaths of infant girls per million people	12.97 Ranked 39th.	193.33 Ranked 4th. 15 times more than Germany
Health expenditure, total > % of GDP	11.06% Ranked 13th. 2 times more than Mongolia	5.26% Ranked 131st.
Smoking prevalence > Females > % of adults	28% Ranked 3rd. 10% more than Mongolia	25.5% Ranked 3rd.
Expenditure > Total > % of GDP	10.6% Ranked 9th. 77% more than Mongolia	6% Ranked 94th.
Prevalence of undernourishment > % of population	2.5% Ranked 133th.	27% Ranked 33th. 11 times more than Germany
Improved water source > % of population with access	100% Ranked 3rd. 61% more than Mongolia	62% Ranked 141st.
Out-of-pocket health expenditure > % of private expenditure on health	57.5% Ranked 156th.	92.3% Ranked 74th. 61% more than Germany
Reproductive health > Births attended by skilled health staff > % of total	100% Ranked 1st. 1% more than Mongolia	99.4% Ranked 12th.

SOURCES: World Development Indicators database; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; Wikipedia: Human height (Average height around the world); British Broadcasting Corporation 2014; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Derived from male and female life expectancy at birth from sources such as: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; health care; UN (United Nations). 2001. World Population Prospects 1950-2050: The 2000 Revision. Database. Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. New York; World Health Organization. Source tables; World Health Organization. Source tables; CIA World Factbook, 28 July 2005; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; World Health Organisation, OECD, supplemented by country data.; "Where are you on the global fat scale?". BBC. July 12, 2012. Retrieved 2013-12-16. http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2458-12-439.pdf. Walpole et al., BMC Public Health 2012, 12:4; UN (United Nations). 2001. World Population Prospects 1950-2050: The 2000 Revision. Database. Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. New York.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; World Health Organization National Health Account database (see http://apps.who.int/nha/database/DataExplorerRegime.aspx for the most recent updates).; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; World Health Organization, Global Tuberculosis Report.; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; UNICEF (United Nations Children?s Fund). 2002. Official Summary: The State of the World's Children 2002. New York: Oxford University Press.; World Bank national accounts data. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Level & Trends in Child Mortality. Report 2010. Estimates Developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA, UNPD).; (1) United Nations Population Division. 2009. World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision. New York, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (advanced Excel tables). Available at http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp2008/index.htm, (2) University of California, Berkeley, and Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research. Human Mortality Database. [ www.mortality.org or www.humanmortality.de] downloaded on Dec. 10, 2009.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Food and Agriculture Organisation, Food Security Statistics (http://www.fao.org/economic/ess/food-security-statistics/en/).; World Health Organization2005; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; (1) United Nations Population Division. 2009. World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision. New York, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (advanced Excel tables), (2) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (3) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (4) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (5) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Health Organization, Global Atlas of the Health Workforce. For latest updates and metadata, see http://apps.who.int/globalatlas/.; World Bank national accounts data; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; World Health Organization; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. 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"Age-specific and sex-specific mortality in 187 countries, 1970–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010". The Lancet 380 (9859): 2071–2094. doi : 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61719-X ., ); World Health Organization. Source tables; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=GenderStat&f=inID%3a43, Prevalence of obesity among adults; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; World Health Organisation National Health Account database (www.who.int/nha/en) supplemented by country data.; UNHDR; World Health Organization. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. 2009. World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision. New York, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (advanced Excel tables). Available at http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp2008/index.htm.; WHO (World Health Organization). 2001. Correspondence on access to essential drugs. Department of Essential Drugs and Medecines Policy. February. Geneva; United Nations Statistics Division. 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Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Health Organisation. 1997-1999 World Health Statistics Annual. Geneva: WHO, 2000; World Health Organization. Source tables; United Nations Development Programme. Source tables; World Health Organization. Source tables; World Health Organization. Source tables; WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic.; World Health Organization. Source tables; United Nations Children's Fund. Source tables; Wikipedia: Prevalence of tobacco consumption (Rates) (WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic 2008, pp.278–287. WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic 2008, p.67. WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic 2008, p.287. WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic 2008, p.68. 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