Economy Stats: compare key data on Germany & Russia

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Budget > Revenues: Revenues calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms
Budget surplus > + or deficit > -: This entry records the difference between national government revenues and expenditures, expressed as a percent of GDP. A positive (+) number indicates that revenues exceeded expenditures (a budget surplus), while a negative (-) number indicates the reverse (a budget deficit). Normalizing the data, by dividing the budget balance by GDP, enables easy comparisons across countries and indicates whether a national government saves or borrows money. Countries with high budget deficits (relative to their GDPs) generally have more difficulty raising funds to finance expenditures, than those with lower deficits.
Debt > Government debt > Public debt, share of GDP: Public debt as % of GDP (CIA).
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Overview: This entry briefly describes the type of economy, including the degree of market orientation, the level of economic development, the most important natural resources, and the unique areas of specialization. It also characterizes major economic events and policy changes in the most recent 12 months and may include a statement about one or two key future macroeconomic trends.
Exports: This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise exports on an f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms.
GDP: GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using single year official exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used.
GDP > Per capita: This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States. This is the measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living conditions or use of resources across countries. The measure is difficult to compute, as a US dollar value has to be assigned to all goods and services in the country regardless of whether these goods and services have a direct equivalent in the United States (for example, the value of an ox-cart or non-US military equipment); as a result, PPP estimates for some countries are based on a small and sometimes different set of goods and services. In addition, many countries do not formally participate in the World Bank's PPP project that calculates these measures, so the resulting GDP estimates for these countries may lack precision. For many developing countries, PPP-based GDP measures are multiples of the official exchange rate (OER) measure. The difference between the OER- and PPP-denominated GDP values for most of the weathly industrialized countries are generally much smaller. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
GDP > Per capita > PPP: This entry shows GDP on a purchasing power parity basis divided by population as of 1 July for the same year.
GDP > Purchasing power parity per capita: This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States. This is the measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living conditions or use of resources across countries. The measure is difficult to compute, as a US dollar value has to be assigned to all goods and services in the country regardless of whether these goods and services have a direct equivalent in the United States (for example, the value of an ox-cart or non-US military equipment); as a result, PPP estimates for some countries are based on a small and sometimes different set of goods and services. In addition, many countries do not formally participate in the World Bank's PPP project that calculates these measures, so the resulting GDP estimates for these countries may lack precision. For many developing countries, PPP-based GDP measures are multiples of the official exchange rate (OER) measure. The difference between the OER- and PPP-denominated GDP values for most of the weathly industrialized countries are generally much smaller. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
GDP per capita: GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using single year official exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Gross National Income: GNI, Atlas method (current US$). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and prop).
Inflation rate > Consumer prices: This entry furnishes the annual percent change in consumer prices compared with the previous year's consumer prices.
Population below poverty line: National estimates of the percentage of the population lying below the poverty line are based on surveys of sub-groups, with the results weighted by the number of people in each group. Definitions of poverty vary considerably among nations. For example, rich nations generally employ more generous standards of poverty than poor nations.
Public debt: This entry records the cumulatiive total of all government borrowings less repayments that are denominated in a country's home currency. Public debt should not be confused with external debt, which reflects the foreign currency liabilities of both the private and public sector and must be financed out of foreign exchange earnings.
Unemployment rate: This entry contains the percent of the labor force that is without jobs. Substantial underemployment might be noted.
GDP > Composition, by sector of origin > Services: This entry is derived from Economy > GDP > Composition, by sector of origin, which shows where production takes place in an economy. The distribution gives the percentage contribution of agriculture, industry, and services to total GDP, and will total 100 percent of GDP if the data are complete. Agriculture includes farming, fishing, and forestry. Industry includes mining, manufacturing, energy production, and construction. Services cover government activities, communications, transportation, finance, and all other private economic activities that do not produce material goods.
Exports per capita: This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise exports on an f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Distribution of family income > Gini index: This index measures the degree of inequality in the distribution of family income in a country. The index is calculated from the Lorenz curve, in which cumulative family income is plotted against the number of families arranged from the poorest to the ric
Human Development Index: The human development index values in this table were calculated using a consistent methodology and consistent data series. They are not strictly comparable with those in earlier Human Development Reports.
Tourist arrivals > Per capita: International inbound tourists (overnight visitors) are the number of tourists who travel to a country other than that in which they have their usual residence, but outside their usual environment, for a period not exceeding 12 months and whose main purpose in visiting is other than an activity remunerated from within the country visited. When data on number of tourists are not available, the number of visitors, which includes tourists, same-day visitors, cruise passengers, and crew members, is shown instead. Sources and collection methods for arrivals differ across countries. In some cases data are from border statistics (police, immigration, and the like) and supplemented by border surveys. In other cases data are from tourism accommodation establishments. For some countries number of arrivals is limited to arrivals by air and for others to arrivals staying in hotels. Some countries include arrivals of nationals residing abroad while others do not. Caution should thus be used in comparing arrivals across countries. The data on inbound tourists refer to the number of arrivals, not to the number of people traveling. Thus a person who makes several trips to a country during a given period is counted each time as a new arrival." Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
GDP > Purchasing power parity: This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States. This is the measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living conditions or use of resources across countries. The measure is difficult to compute, as a US dollar value has to be assigned to all goods and services in the country regardless of whether these goods and services have a direct equivalent in the United States (for example, the value of an ox-cart or non-US military equipment); as a result, PPP estimates for some countries are based on a small and sometimes different set of goods and services. In addition, many countries do not formally participate in the World Bank's PPP project that calculates these measures, so the resulting GDP estimates for these countries may lack precision. For many developing countries, PPP-based GDP measures are multiples of the official exchange rate (OER) measure. The difference between the OER- and PPP-denominated GDP values for most of the weathly industrialized countries are generally much smaller.
Currency > PPP conversion factor to official exchange rate ratio: Purchasing power parity conversion factor is the number of units of a country's currency required to buy the same amount of goods and services in the domestic market as a U.S. dollar would buy in the United States. Official exchange rate refers to the exchange rate determined by national authorities or to the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated as an annual average based on monthly averages (local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar). The ratio of the PPP conversion factor to the official exchange rate (also referred to as the national price level) makes it possible to compare the cost of the bundle of goods that make up gross domestic product (GDP) across countries. It tells how many dollars are needed to buy a dollar's worth of goods in the country as compared to the United States.
Fiscal year: The beginning and ending months for a country's accounting period of 12 months, which often is the calendar year but which may begin in any month. All yearly references are for the calendar year (CY) unless indicated as a noncalendar fiscal year (FY).
GDP > Composition by sector > Industry: The gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods produced by the industrial sector within a nation in a given year. GDP dollar estimates in the Factbook are derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) calculations. See the CIA World Factbook for more information.
Currency > Official exchange rate > LCU per US$, period average: Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average). Official exchange rate refers to the exchange rate determined by national authorities or to the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated as an annual average based on monthly averages (local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar).
Inequality > GINI index: Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household. The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality."
Imports per capita: This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise imports on a c.i.f. (cost, insurance, and freight) or f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Gross National Income per capita: GNI, Atlas method (current US$). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and prop). Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Tax > Highest marginal tax rate > Individual rate: Highest marginal tax rate (individual rate) is the highest rate shown on the schedule of tax rates applied to the taxable income of individuals.
Technology index: The technology index denotes the country's technological readiness. This index is created with such indicators as companies spending on R&D, the creativity of its scientific community, personal computer and internet penetration rates.
Development > Human Development Index: Human Development Index trends, 1980-2012.
Population below poverty line > Per capita: National estimates of the percentage of the population lying below the poverty line are based on surveys of sub-groups, with the results weighted by the number of people in each group. Definitions of poverty vary considerably among nations. For example, rich nations generally employ more generous standards of poverty than poor nations. Per capita figures expressed per 1 million population.
GDP > Per capita > PPP per thousand people: This entry shows GDP on a purchasing power parity basis divided by population as of 1 July for the same year. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Exports > Commodities: This entry provides a listing of the highest-valued exported products; it sometimes includes the percent of total dollar value.
Poverty and inequality > Richest quintile to poorest quintile ratio: The ratio of average income of the richest 20% of the population to the average income of the poorest 20% of the population.
Imports: This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise imports on a c.i.f. (cost, insurance, and freight) or f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms.
Budget > Expenditures: Expenditures calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms
GINI index: Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household. The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality.
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold per capita: This entry gives the dollar value for the stock of all financial assets that are available to the central monetary authority for use in meeting a country's balance of payments needs as of the end-date of the period specified. This category includes not only foreign currency and gold, but also a country's holdings of Special Drawing Rights in the International Monetary Fund, and its reserve position in the Fund. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Debt > Net foreign assets > Current LCU: Net foreign assets (current LCU). Net foreign assets are the sum of foreign assets held by monetary authorities and deposit money banks, less their foreign liabilities. Data are in current local currency.
Tourist arrivals: International inbound tourists (overnight visitors) are the number of tourists who travel to a country other than that in which they have their usual residence, but outside their usual environment, for a period not exceeding 12 months and whose main purpose in visiting is other than an activity remunerated from within the country visited. When data on number of tourists are not available, the number of visitors, which includes tourists, same-day visitors, cruise passengers, and crew members, is shown instead. Sources and collection methods for arrivals differ across countries. In some cases data are from border statistics (police, immigration, and the like) and supplemented by border surveys. In other cases data are from tourism accommodation establishments. For some countries number of arrivals is limited to arrivals by air and for others to arrivals staying in hotels. Some countries include arrivals of nationals residing abroad while others do not. Caution should thus be used in comparing arrivals across countries. The data on inbound tourists refer to the number of arrivals, not to the number of people traveling. Thus a person who makes several trips to a country during a given period is counted each time as a new arrival."
Budget > Revenues > Per capita: Revenues calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Inbound tourism income > Current US$: International tourism receipts are expenditures by international inbound visitors, including payments to national carriers for international transport. These receipts include any other prepayment made for goods or services received in the destination country. They also may include receipts from same-day visitors, except when these are important enough to justify separate classification. For some countries they do not include receipts for passenger transport items. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
Tax > Tax rates: Revenue is cash receipts from taxes, social contributions, and other revenues such as fines, fees, rent, and income from property or sales. Grants are also considered as revenue but are excluded here."
Population below median income > Per $ GDP: Population living below 50% of median income (%) Per $ GDP figures expressed per $10 million of Gross Domestic Product.
GDP per person: GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Exports > Main exports: Country main exports.
Budget > Revenues per capita: Revenues calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Debt > External: Total public and private debt owed to non-residents repayable in foreign currency, goods, or services.
Gross domestic savings > Current US$ per capita: Gross domestic savings are calculated as GDP less final consumption expenditure (total consumption). Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Debt > External > Per capita: Total public and private debt owed to non-residents repayable in foreign currency, goods, or services. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
GDP > Composition by sector > Services: The gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final services produced within a nation in a given year. GDP dollar estimates in the Factbook are derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) calculations. See the CIA World Factbook for more information.
Tax > GDP > Constant LCU: GDP (constant LCU). GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant local currency.
Tourism > International tourism, number of arrivals per capita: International tourism, number of arrivals. International inbound tourists (overnight visitors) are the number of tourists who travel to a country other than that in which they have their usual residence, but outside their usual environment, for a period not exceeding 12 months and whose main purpose in visiting is other than an activity remunerated from within the country visited. When data on number of tourists are not available, the number of visitors, which includes tourists, same-day visitors, cruise passengers, and crew members, is shown instead. Sources and collection methods for arrivals differ across countries. In some cases data are from border statistics (police, immigration, and the like) and supplemented by border surveys. In other cases data are from tourism accommodation establishments. For some countries number of arrivals is limited to arrivals by air and for others to arrivals staying in hotels. Some countries include arrivals of nationals residing abroad while others do not. Caution should thus be used in comparing arrivals across countries. The data on inbound tourists refer to the number of arrivals, not to the number of people traveling. Thus a person who makes several trips to a country during a given period is counted each time as a new arrival. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
International tourism > Receipts > Current US$ > Per $ GDP: International tourism receipts are expenditures by international inbound visitors, including payments to national carriers for international transport. These receipts should include any other prepayment made for goods or services received in the destination country. They also may include receipts from same-day visitors, except in cases where these are so important as to justify a separate classification. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1,000 $ gross domestic product.
Consumer spending: Household final consumption expenditure (formerly private consumption) is the market value of all goods and services, including durable products (such as cars, washing machines, and home computers), purchased by households. It excludes purchases of dwellings but includes imputed rent for owner-occupied dwellings. It also includes payments and fees to governments to obtain permits and licenses. Here, household consumption expenditure includes the expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households, even when reported separately by the country. This item also includes any statistical discrepancy in the use of resources relative to the supply of resources."
Consumer price index: Consumer price index reflects changes in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a fixed basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. The Laspeyres formula is generally used.
2000 = 100
GDP > Composition by sector > Agriculture: The gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods produced by the agricultural sector within a nation in a given year. GDP dollar estimates in the Factbook are derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) calculations. See the CIA World Factbook for more information.
GDP per capita > PPP > Current international $: GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current international dollars.
Industries: A rank ordering of industries starting with the largest by value of annual output.
Population below poverty line > Per $ GDP: National estimates of the percentage of the population lying below the poverty line are based on surveys of sub-groups, with the results weighted by the number of people in each group. Definitions of poverty vary considerably among nations. For example, rich nations generally employ more generous standards of poverty than poor nations. Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1 trillion $ gross domestic product.
GDP > Composition, by end use > Imports of goods and services: This entry is derived from Economy > GDP > Composition, by end use, which shows who does the spending in an economy: consumers, businesses, government, and foreigners. The distribution gives the percentage contribution to total GDP of household consumption, government consumption, investment in fixed capital, investment in inventories, exports of goods and services, and imports of goods and services, and will total 100 percent of GDP if the data are complete.
household consumption consists of expenditures by resident households, and by nonprofit institutions that serve households, on goods and services that are consumed by individuals. This includes consumption of both domestically produced and foreign goods and services.
government consumption consists of government expenditures on goods and services. These figures exclude government transfer payments, such as interest on debt, unemployment, and social security, since such payments are not made in exchange for goods and services supplied.
investment in fixed capital consists of total business spending on fixed assets, such as factories, machinery, equipment, dwellings, and inventories of raw materials, which provide the basis for future production. It is measured gross of the depreciation of the assets, i.e., it includes investment that merely replaces worn-out or scrapped capital. Earlier editions of The World Factbook referred to this concept as Investment (gross fixed) and that data now have been moved to this new field.
investment in inventories consists of net changes to the stock of outputs that are still held by the units that produce them, awaiting further sale to an end user, such as automobiles sitting on a dealer’s lot or groceries on the store shelves. This figure may be positive or negative. If the stock of unsold output increases during the relevant time period, investment in inventories is positive, but, if the stock of unsold goods declines, it will be negative. Investment in inventories normally is an early indicator of the state of the economy. If the stock of unsold items increases unexpectedly – because people stop buying - the economy may be entering a recession; but if the stock of unsold items falls - and goods "go flying off the shelves" - businesses normally try to replace those stocks, and the economy is likely to accelerate.
exports of goods and services consist of sales, barter, gifts, or grants of goods and services from residents to nonresidents.
imports of goods and ...
Full definition
New businesses registered > Number > Per capita: New businesses registered are the number of new firms, defined as firms registered in the current year of reporting." Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
GDP per capita > Constant LCU: GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant local currency.
Balance of payments > Capital and financial account > Foreign direct investment > Net inflows > BoP > Current US: Foreign direct investment are the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. This series shows net inflows (new investment inflows less disinvestment) in the reporting economy from foreign investors. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
Labor force: This entry contains the total labor force figure.
Trade > With US > US imports of bauxite and aluminum: US imports of bauxite and aluminum, USD Thousands, 2004
GDP > Real growth rate: GDP growth on an annual basis adjusted for inflation and expressed as a percent.
Debt > Government debt > Gross government debt, share of GDP: Gross government debt as % of GDP (IMF).
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Debt > Central government debt, total > Current LCU: Central government debt, total (current LCU). Debt is the entire stock of direct government fixed-term contractual obligations to others outstanding on a particular date. It includes domestic and foreign liabilities such as currency and money deposits, securities other than shares, and loans. It is the gross amount of government liabilities reduced by the amount of equity and financial derivatives held by the government. Because debt is a stock rather than a flow, it is measured as of a given date, usually the last day of the fiscal year.
International tourism > Number of arrivals: International inbound tourists (overnight visitors) are the number of tourists who travel to a country other than that in which they have their usual residence, but outside their usual environment, for a period not exceeding 12 months and whose main purpose in visiting is other than an activity remunerated from within the country visited.
Economic growth > Per capita: Annual percentage growth rate of GDP per capita based on constant local currency. GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources.
Foreign direct investment > Net > BoP > Current US$ per capita: Foreign direct investment is net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. This series shows total net, that is, net FDI in the reporting economy from foreign sources less net FDI by the reporting economy to the rest of the world. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
GDP per capita > Constant 2000 US$: GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant U.S. dollars.
Micro > Small and medium enterprises > Number > Per capita: Micro, small, and medium-size enterprises are business that may be defined by the number of employees. There is no international standard definition of firm size; however, many institutions that collect information use the following size categories: micro enterprises have 0-9 employees, small enterprises have 10-49 employees, and medium-size enterprises have 50-249 employees. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Economic freedom: Index of 'economic freedom', according to the American organisation 'The Heritage Foundation'. It is worth noting that such indices are based on highly culturally contingent factors. This data makes a number of assumptions about 'freedom' and the role of the government that are not accepted by much of the world's population. A broad discussion of The Heritage Foundation's definition and methodology can be found at http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/ChapterPDFs/chapter5.HTML.
GDP > Official exchange rate per capita: This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at offical exchange rates (OER) is the home-currency-denominated annual GDP figure divided by the bilateral average US exchange rate with that country in that year. The measure is simple to compute and gives a precise measure of the value of output. Many economists prefer this measure when gauging the economic power an economy maintains vis-a-vis its neighbors, judging that an exchange rate captures the purchasing power a nation enjoys in the international marketplace. Official exchange rates, however, can be artifically fixed and/or subject to manipulation - resulting in claims of the country having an under- or over-valued currency - and are not necessarily the equivalent of a market-determined exchange rate. Moreover, even if the official exchange rate is market-determined, market exchange rates are frequently established by a relatively small set of goods and services (the ones the country trades) and may not capture the value of the larger set of goods the country produces. Furthermore, OER-converted GDP is not well suited to comparing domestic GDP over time, since appreciation/depreciation from one year to the next will make the OER GDP value rise/fall regardless of whether home-currency-denominated GDP changed. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Stock of direct foreign investment > At home: This entry gives the cumulative US dollar value of all investments in the home country made directly by residents - primarily companies - of other countries as of the end of the time period indicated. Direct investment excludes investment through purchase of shares.
Current account balance: This entry records a country's net trade in goods and services, plus net earnings from rents, interest, profits, and dividends, and net transfer payments (such as pension funds and worker remittances) to and from the rest of the world during the period specified. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms.
Trade > Imports per capita: This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise imports on a c.i.f. (cost, insurance, and freight) or f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Currency: The national medium of exchange and its basic sub-unit.
Current account balance > BoP > Current US$ per capita: Current account balance is the sum of net exports of goods, services, net income, and net current transfers. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
GNI per capita: Country GNI per capita.
GDP > Purchasing power parity > Per capita: This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States. This is the measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living conditions or use of resources across countries. The measure is difficult to compute, as a US dollar value has to be assigned to all goods and services in the country regardless of whether these goods and services have a direct equivalent in the United States (for example, the value of an ox-cart or non-US military equipment); as a result, PPP estimates for some countries are based on a small and sometimes different set of goods and services. In addition, many countries do not formally participate in the World Bank's PPP project that calculates these measures, so the resulting GDP estimates for these countries may lack precision. For many developing countries, PPP-based GDP measures are multiples of the official exchange rate (OER) measure. The difference between the OER- and PPP-denominated GDP values for most of the weathly industrialized countries are generally much smaller. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Companies > Listed domestic companies, total: Listed domestic companies, total. Listed domestic companies are the domestically incorporated companies listed on the country's stock exchanges at the end of the year. This indicator does not include investment companies, mutual funds, or other collective investment vehicles.
Trade > Exports per capita: The total US dollar amount of exports on an f.o.b. (free on board) basis. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Business > Companies > Corporate governance (overall rating): Overall rating of each country's adherence to the corporate governance guidelines set forth in three prominent economical essays. The ratings are out of 10, with 10 meaning full adherence.
Current account balance per capita: This entry records a country's net trade in goods and services, plus net earnings from rents, interest, profits, and dividends, and net transfer payments (such as pension funds and worker remittances) to and from the rest of the world during the period specified. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Tourism > International tourism, number of arrivals: International tourism, number of arrivals. International inbound tourists (overnight visitors) are the number of tourists who travel to a country other than that in which they have their usual residence, but outside their usual environment, for a period not exceeding 12 months and whose main purpose in visiting is other than an activity remunerated from within the country visited. When data on number of tourists are not available, the number of visitors, which includes tourists, same-day visitors, cruise passengers, and crew members, is shown instead. Sources and collection methods for arrivals differ across countries. In some cases data are from border statistics (police, immigration, and the like) and supplemented by border surveys. In other cases data are from tourism accommodation establishments. For some countries number of arrivals is limited to arrivals by air and for others to arrivals staying in hotels. Some countries include arrivals of nationals residing abroad while others do not. Caution should thus be used in comparing arrivals across countries. The data on inbound tourists refer to the number of arrivals, not to the number of people traveling. Thus a person who makes several trips to a country during a given period is counted each time as a new arrival.
Gross national saving: Gross national saving is derived by deducting final consumption expenditure (household plus government) from Gross national disposable income, and consists of personal saving, plus business saving (the sum of the capital consumption allowance and retained business profits), plus government saving (the excess of tax revenues over expenditures), but excludes foreign saving (the excess of imports of goods and services over exports). The figures are presented as a percent of GDP. A negative number indicates that the economy as a whole is spending more income than it produces, thus drawing down national wealth (dissaving).
Tax > GDP > Constant LCU per capita: GDP (constant LCU). GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant local currency. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Retail > Gross value added by wholesale, retail trade, restaurants and hotels: Gross Value Added by Kind of Economic Activity at current prices - US dollars.
Companies > Market capitalization of listed companies > Current US$ per capita: Market capitalization of listed companies (current US$). Market capitalization (also known as market value) is the share price times the number of shares outstanding. Listed domestic companies are the domestically incorporated companies listed on the country's stock exchanges at the end of the year. Listed companies does not include investment companies, mutual funds, or other collective investment vehicles. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Market capitalization of listed companies > Current US$ per capita: Market capitalization (also known as market value) is the share price times the number of shares outstanding. Listed domestic companies are the domestically incorporated companies listed on the country's stock exchanges at the end of the year. Listed companies does not include investment companies, mutual funds, or other collective investment vehicles. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Household final > Consumption expenditure > Current US$ per capita: Household final consumption expenditure (formerly private consumption) is the market value of all goods and services, including durable products (such as cars, washing machines, and home computers), purchased by households. It excludes purchases of dwellings but includes imputed rent for owner-occupied dwellings. It also includes payments and fees to governments to obtain permits and licenses. Here, household consumption expenditure includes the expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households, even when reported separately by the country. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Budget > Expenditures per capita: Expenditures calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Reserves > Total reserves > Includes gold, current US$: Total reserves (includes gold, current US$). Total reserves comprise holdings of monetary gold, special drawing rights, reserves of IMF members held by the IMF, and holdings of foreign exchange under the control of monetary authorities. The gold component of these reserves is valued at year-end (December 31) London prices. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Exchange rates: The official value of a country's monetary unit at a given date or over a given period of time, as expressed in units of local currency per US dollar and as determined by international market forces or official fiat.
Debt > External per capita: Total public and private debt owed to non-residents repayable in foreign currency, goods, or services. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Size of economy > Share of world GDP : Percent of world GDP (exchange rates).
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Gross fixed capital formation > Current US$ > Per $ GDP: Gross fixed capital formation (formerly gross domestic fixed investment) includes land improvements (fences, ditches, drains, and so on); plant, machinery, and equipment purchases; and the construction of roads, railways, and the like, including schools, offices, hospitals, private residential dwellings, and commercial and industrial buildings. According to the 1993 SNA, net acquisitions of valuables are also considered capital formation. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1 $ gross domestic product.
Exports > Partners: This entry provides a rank ordering of trading partners starting with the most important; it sometimes includes the percent of total dollar value.
GDP > Official exchange rate: This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at offical exchange rates (OER) is the home-currency-denominated annual GDP figure divided by the bilateral average US exchange rate with that country in that year. The measure is simple to compute and gives a precise measure of the value of output. Many economists prefer this measure when gauging the economic power an economy maintains vis-a-vis its neighbors, judging that an exchange rate captures the purchasing power a nation enjoys in the international marketplace. Official exchange rates, however, can be artifically fixed and/or subject to manipulation - resulting in claims of the country having an under- or over-valued currency - and are not necessarily the equivalent of a market-determined exchange rate. Moreover, even if the official exchange rate is market-determined, market exchange rates are frequently established by a relatively small set of goods and services (the ones the country trades) and may not capture the value of the larger set of goods the country produces. Furthermore, OER-converted GDP is not well suited to comparing domestic GDP over time, since appreciation/depreciation from one year to the next will make the OER GDP value rise/fall regardless of whether home-currency-denominated GDP changed.
GDP per capita > PPP > Constant 2000 international $: GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant 2000 international dollars.
Investment > Gross fixed: This entry records total business spending on fixed assets, such as factories, machinery, equipment, dwellings, and inventories of raw materials, which provide the basis for future production. It is measured gross of the depreciation of the assets, i.e., it includes invesment that merely replaces worn-out or scrapped capital.
Interest rate spread > Lending rate minus deposit rate: Interest rate spread is the interest rate charged by banks on loans to prime customers minus the interest rate paid by commercial or similar banks for demand, time, or savings deposits.
Income receipts > BoP > Current US$ per capita: Income receipts refer to employee compensation paid to resident workers working abroad and investment income (receipts on direct investment, portfolio investment, other investments, and receipts on reserve assets). Income derived from the use of intangible assets is excluded from income and recorded under business services. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Bank liquid > Reserves to bank assets ratio: Ratio of bank liquid reserves to bank assets is the ratio of domestic currency holdings and deposits with the monetary authorities to claims on other governments, nonfinancial public enterprises, the private sector, and other banking institutions.
Tax > Highest marginal tax rate > Corporate rate: Highest marginal tax rate (corporate rate) is the highest rate shown on the schedule of tax rates applied to the taxable income of corporations.
GDP > Composition, by sector of origin > Industry: This entry is derived from Economy > GDP > Composition, by sector of origin, which shows where production takes place in an economy. The distribution gives the percentage contribution of agriculture, industry, and services to total GDP, and will total 100 percent of GDP if the data are complete. Agriculture includes farming, fishing, and forestry. Industry includes mining, manufacturing, energy production, and construction. Services cover government activities, communications, transportation, finance, and all other private economic activities that do not produce material goods.
Debt > Net domestic credit > Current LCU: Net domestic credit (current LCU). Net domestic credit is the sum of net claims on the central government and claims on other sectors of the domestic economy (IFS line 32). Data are in current local currency.
Trade > Exports > Exports of goods and services > Constant 2000 US$ per capita: Exports of goods and services (constant 2000 US$). Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) and transfer payments. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Government spending: General government final consumption expenditure (formerly general government consumption) includes all government current expenditures for purchases of goods and services (including compensation of employees). It also includes most expenditures on national defense and security, but excludes government military expenditures that are part of government capital formation. Data are in constant 2000 U.S. dollars."
Net current transfers from abroad > Constant LCU: Current transfers comprise transfers of income between residents of the reporting country and the rest of the world that carry no provisions for repayment. Net current transfers from abroad is equal to the unrequited transfers of income from nonresidents to residents minus the unrequited transfers from residents to nonresidents. Data are in constant local currency.
Foreign direct investment > Net inflows > BoP > Current US$ per capita: Foreign direct investment are the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. This series shows net inflows in the reporting economy. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
GDP > Current LCU: GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current local currency.
High-technology > Exports > Current US$ > Per capita: High-technology exports are products with high research and development intensity, such as in aerospace, computers, pharmaceuticals, scientific instruments, and electrical machinery. Data are in current U.S. dollars." Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
GDP > Composition, by sector of origin > Agriculture: This entry is derived from Economy > GDP > Composition, by sector of origin, which shows where production takes place in an economy. The distribution gives the percentage contribution of agriculture, industry, and services to total GDP, and will total 100 percent of GDP if the data are complete. Agriculture includes farming, fishing, and forestry. Industry includes mining, manufacturing, energy production, and construction. Services cover government activities, communications, transportation, finance, and all other private economic activities that do not produce material goods.
Savings > Gross domestic savings > Current US$ per capita: Gross domestic savings (current US$). Gross domestic savings are calculated as GDP less final consumption expenditure (total consumption). Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Tax > Tax payments > Number: Tax payments (number). Tax payments by businesses are the total number of taxes paid by businesses, including electronic filing. The tax is counted as paid once a year even if payments are more frequent.
Real interest rate: Real interest rate is the lending interest rate adjusted for inflation as measured by the GDP deflator.
Royalty and license fees > Receipts > BoP > Current US$ > Per $ GDP: Royalty and license fees are payments and receipts between residents and nonresidents for the authorized use of intangible, nonproduced, nonfinancial assets and proprietary rights (such as patents, copyrights, trademarks, industrial processes, and franchises) and for the use, through licensing agreements, of produced originals of prototypes (such as films and manuscripts). Data are in current U.S. dollars. Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1 million $ gross domestic product.
Gross domestic savings: Gross domestic savings are calculated as GDP less final consumption expenditure (total consumption). Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Inflation: Consumer price index reflects changes in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. The Laspeyres formula is generally used."
Investment > External financial assets per capita: Financial assets in 2013 EUR billions. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Outbound tourist spending: International tourism expenditures are expenditures of international outbound visitors in other countries, including payments to foreign carriers for international transport. These expenditures may include those by residents traveling abroad as same-day visitors, except in cases where these are important enough to justify separate classification. For some countries they do not include expenditures for passenger transport items. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
Income > GNI per capita, PPP > Current international $: GNI per capita, PPP (current international $). GNI per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP GNI is gross national income (GNI) converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GNI as a U.S. dollar has in the United States. GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current international dollars.
Income > GNI, PPP > Current international $ per capita: GNI, PPP (current international $). PPP GNI (formerly PPP GNP) is gross national income (GNI) converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GNI as a U.S. dollar has in the United States. Gross national income is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current international dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
IKEA > First store opening year: Date the first IKEA store, a home products retail chain, was opened in different countries.
GDP > By type of expenditure > Household consumption expenditure per capita: GDP by Type of Expenditure at current prices - US dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: This entry gives the dollar value for the stock of all financial assets that are available to the central monetary authority for use in meeting a country's balance of payments needs as of the end-date of the period specified. This category includes not only foreign currency and gold, but also a country's holdings of Special Drawing Rights in the International Monetary Fund, and its reserve position in the Fund.
Size of economy > GDP > GDP growth: GDP growth (annual %).
GDP > Constant 2000 US$: GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant 2000 U.S. dollars. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using 2000 official exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used.
International tourism > Expenditures > Current US$ per capita: International tourism expenditures are expenditures of international outbound visitors in other countries, including payments to foreign carriers for international transport. These may include expenditures by residents traveling abroad as same-day visitors, except in cases where these are so important as to justify a separate classification. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Purchasing power parity conversion factor > LCU per international $: Purchasing power parity conversion factor is the number of units of a country's currency required to buy the same amounts of goods and services in the domestic market as U.S. dollar would buy in the United States.
Micro > Small and medium enterprises > Number: Micro, small, and medium-size enterprises are business that may be defined by the number of employees. There is no international standard definition of firm size; however, many institutions that collect information use the following size categories: micro enterprises have 0-9 employees, small enterprises have 10-49 employees, and medium-size enterprises have 50-249 employees.
GDP > Composition, by end use > Household consumption: This entry is derived from Economy > GDP > Composition, by end use, which shows who does the spending in an economy: consumers, businesses, government, and foreigners. The distribution gives the percentage contribution to total GDP of household consumption, government consumption, investment in fixed capital, investment in inventories, exports of goods and services, and imports of goods and services, and will total 100 percent of GDP if the data are complete.
household consumption consists of expenditures by resident households, and by nonprofit institutions that serve households, on goods and services that are consumed by individuals. This includes consumption of both domestically produced and foreign goods and services.
government consumption consists of government expenditures on goods and services. These figures exclude government transfer payments, such as interest on debt, unemployment, and social security, since such payments are not made in exchange for goods and services supplied.
investment in fixed capital consists of total business spending on fixed assets, such as factories, machinery, equipment, dwellings, and inventories of raw materials, which provide the basis for future production. It is measured gross of the depreciation of the assets, i.e., it includes investment that merely replaces worn-out or scrapped capital. Earlier editions of The World Factbook referred to this concept as Investment (gross fixed) and that data now have been moved to this new field.
investment in inventories consists of net changes to the stock of outputs that are still held by the units that produce them, awaiting further sale to an end user, such as automobiles sitting on a dealer’s lot or groceries on the store shelves. This figure may be positive or negative. If the stock of unsold output increases during the relevant time period, investment in inventories is positive, but, if the stock of unsold goods declines, it will be negative. Investment in inventories normally is an early indicator of the state of the economy. If the stock of unsold items increases unexpectedly – because people stop buying - the economy may be entering a recession; but if the stock of unsold items falls - and goods "go flying off the shelves" - businesses normally try to replace those stocks, and the economy is likely to accelerate.
exports of goods and services consist of sales, barter, gifts, or grants of goods and services from residents to nonresidents.
imports of goods and ...
Full definition.
Current transfers > Receipts > BoP > Current US$: Current transfers (receipts) are recorded in the balance of payments whenever an economy receives goods, services, income, or financial items without a quid pro quo. All transfers not considered to be capital are current. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Innovation > Patent applications, residents per million: Patent applications, residents. Patent applications are worldwide patent applications filed through the Patent Cooperation Treaty procedure or with a national patent office for exclusive rights for an invention--a product or process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem. A patent provides protection for the invention to the owner of the patent for a limited period, generally 20 years. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Tax > Taxes on income, profits and capital gains > Current LCU: Taxes on income, profits and capital gains (current LCU). Taxes on income, profits, and capital gains are levied on the actual or presumptive net income of individuals, on the profits of corporations and enterprises, and on capital gains, whether realized or not, on land, securities, and other assets. Intragovernmental payments are eliminated in consolidation.
Debt > Net current transfers from abroad > Current LCU: Net current transfers from abroad (current LCU). Current transfers comprise transfers of income between residents of the reporting country and the rest of the world that carry no provisions for repayment. Net current transfers from abroad is equal to the unrequited transfers of income from nonresidents to residents minus the unrequited transfers from residents to nonresidents. Data are in current local currency.
Saving rate: ""Saving rate"" or gross savings are calculated as gross national income less total consumption, plus net transfers."
GDP > PPP > Constant 2000 international $ per capita: PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant 2000 international dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
International tourism > Number of departures: International outbound tourists are the number of departures that people make from their country of usual residence to any other country for any purpose other than a remunerated activity in the country visited.
Consumption > Consumption by sector > Equals: Household final consumption expenditure: Total amount of money spent by nation's consumers, or households. Amount includes, but is not limited to, goods, rent, and government fees such as fines and permits. Also included are taxes and money spent by citizens while abroad.
Debt > Central government debt, total > Current LCU per capita: Central government debt, total (current LCU). Debt is the entire stock of direct government fixed-term contractual obligations to others outstanding on a particular date. It includes domestic and foreign liabilities such as currency and money deposits, securities other than shares, and loans. It is the gross amount of government liabilities reduced by the amount of equity and financial derivatives held by the government. Because debt is a stock rather than a flow, it is measured as of a given date, usually the last day of the fiscal year. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Net income > BoP > Current US$ > Per capita: Net income refers to receipts and payments of employee compensation paid to nonresident workers and investment income (receipts and payments on direct investment, portfolio investment, other investments, and receipts on reserve assets). Income derived from the use of intangible assets is recorded under business services. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Poverty and inequality > Poorest's share in national income or consumption: Percentage of country's total income or consumption that belongs to the poorest 5% of its citizens.
Investment > External financial assets: Gross financial assets privately owned by residents of the country, mainly in the form of bank deposits, insurances and securities, in EUR.
Debt > Net foreign assets > Current LCU per capita: Net foreign assets (current LCU). Net foreign assets are the sum of foreign assets held by monetary authorities and deposit money banks, less their foreign liabilities. Data are in current local currency. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Tax > GDP > Current LCU: GDP (current LCU). GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current local currency.
Tax > Average time to clear customs > Days: Average time to clear customs is the number of days to clear an imported good through customs.
GDP > PPP per capita: Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) in Millions of International Dollars, 2004. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
GNI: GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
GDP > PPP: Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) in Millions of International Dollars, 2004.
Market capitalization of listed companies > Current US$: Market capitalization (also known as market value) is the share price times the number of shares outstanding. Listed domestic companies are the domestically incorporated companies listed on the country's stock exchanges at the end of the year. Listed companies does not include investment companies, mutual funds, or other collective investment vehicles. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Companies > Listed domestic companies, total per million: Listed domestic companies, total. Listed domestic companies are the domestically incorporated companies listed on the country's stock exchanges at the end of the year. This indicator does not include investment companies, mutual funds, or other collective investment vehicles. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Tax > GDP > Current US$ per capita: GDP (current US$). GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using single year official exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Trade > Exports to US: in US dollars. Jan 2003 - March 2003
Industrial production growth rate: This entry gives the annual percentage increase in industrial production (includes manufacturing, mining, and construction).
Purchasing power parity > GDP per capita > PPP > Current international $: GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current international dollars.
World trade > Exports: Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) and transfer payments. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
Labor force > By occupation > Agriculture: This entry is derived from Economy > Labor force > By occupation, which lists the percentage distribution of the labor force by sector of occupation. Agriculture includes farming, fishing, and forestry. Industry includes mining, manufacturing, energy production, and construction. Services cover government activities, communications, transportation, finance, and all other economic activities that do not produce material goods. The distribution will total less than 100 percent if the data are incomplete and may range from 99-101 percent due to rounding.
Additional details:
- Gibraltar: negligible (2013)
Bank capital to assets ratio: Bank capital to assets is the ratio of bank capital and reserves to total assets. Capital and reserves include funds contributed by owners, retained earnings, general and special reserves, provisions, and valuation adjustments. Capital includes tier 1 capital (paid-up shares and common stock), which is a common feature in all countries' banking systems, and total regulatory capital, which includes several specified types of subordinated debt instruments that need not be repaid if the funds are required to maintain minimum capital levels (these comprise tier 2 and tier 3 capital). Total assets include all nonfinancial and financial assets.
Labor force > By occupation > Services: This entry is derived from Economy > Labor force > By occupation, which lists the percentage distribution of the labor force by sector of occupation. Agriculture includes farming, fishing, and forestry. Industry includes mining, manufacturing, energy production, and construction. Services cover government activities, communications, transportation, finance, and all other economic activities that do not produce material goods. The distribution will total less than 100 percent if the data are incomplete and may range from 99-101 percent due to rounding.
Companies > Stock market > Stocks traded, total value > Current US$ per capita: Stocks traded, total value (current US$). Stocks traded refers to the total value of shares traded during the period. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Lending interest rate: Lending interest rate is the rate charged by banks on loans to prime customers.
Industrial > Production growth rate: The annual percentage increase in industrial production (includes manufacturing, mining, and construction).
Tax > Taxes on income, profits and capital gains > Current LCU per capita: Taxes on income, profits and capital gains (current LCU). Taxes on income, profits, and capital gains are levied on the actual or presumptive net income of individuals, on the profits of corporations and enterprises, and on capital gains, whether realized or not, on land, securities, and other assets. Intragovernmental payments are eliminated in consolidation. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Tax > GDP per capita > Constant LCU: GDP per capita (constant LCU). GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant local currency.
Spending > Household final consumption expenditure per capita > Constant 2000 US$: Household final consumption expenditure per capita (constant 2000 US$). Household final consumption expenditure per capita (private consumption per capita) is calculated using private consumption in constant 2005 prices and World Bank population estimates. Household final consumption expenditure is the market value of all goods and services, including durable products (such as cars, washing machines, and home computers), purchased by households. It excludes purchases of dwellings but includes imputed rent for owner-occupied dwellings. It also includes payments and fees to governments to obtain permits and licenses. Here, household consumption expenditure includes the expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households, even when reported separately by the country. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars.
Income > GDP per capita, PPP > Current international $: GDP per capita, PPP (current international $). GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current international dollars.
Business > Companies > Specific companies > IKEA > Debut: The year in which the first IKEA opened in each country. The first IKEA opened in Sweden in 1958.
Currency > Real effective exchange rate index > 2005 = 100: Real effective exchange rate index (2005 = 100). Real effective exchange rate is the nominal effective exchange rate (a measure of the value of a currency against a weighted average of several foreign currencies) divided by a price deflator or index of costs.
Net domestic credit > Current LCU: Net domestic credit is the sum of net credit to the nonfinancial public sector, credit to the private sector, and other accounts. Data are in current local currency.
International tourism > Receipts > Current US$ per capita: International tourism receipts are expenditures by international inbound visitors, including payments to national carriers for international transport. These receipts should include any other prepayment made for goods or services received in the destination country. They also may include receipts from same-day visitors, except in cases where these are so important as to justify a separate classification. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Retail > Gross value added by wholesale, retail trade, restaurants and hotels per capita: Gross Value Added by Kind of Economic Activity at current prices - US dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
GDP > By type of expenditure > Household consumption expenditure: GDP by Type of Expenditure at current prices - US dollars.
Household spending per capita: Household final consumption expenditure per capita (private consumption per capita) is calculated using private consumption in constant 2000 prices and World Bank population estimates. Household final consumption expenditure is the market value of all goods and services, including durable products (such as cars, washing machines, and home computers), purchased by households. It excludes purchases of dwellings but includes imputed rent for owner-occupied dwellings. It also includes payments and fees to governments to obtain permits and licenses. Here, household consumption expenditure includes the expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households, even when reported separately by the country. Data are in constant 2000 U.S. dollars."
Companies > Market capitalization of listed companies > Current US$: Market capitalization of listed companies (current US$). Market capitalization (also known as market value) is the share price times the number of shares outstanding. Listed domestic companies are the domestically incorporated companies listed on the country's stock exchanges at the end of the year. Listed companies does not include investment companies, mutual funds, or other collective investment vehicles. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Current account balance > BoP > Current US$: Current account balance is the sum of net exports of goods, services, net income, and net current transfers. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Trade > Imports: This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise imports on a c.i.f. (cost, insurance, and freight) or f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms.
Currency > Real effective exchange rate index: Real effective exchange rate is the nominal effective exchange rate (a measure of the value of a currency against a weighted average of several foreign currencies) divided by a price deflator or index of costs.
2000 = 100
Currency > Official exchange rate > LCU per US$ > Period average: Official exchange rate refers to the exchange rate determined by national authorities or to the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated as an annual average based on monthly averages (local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar).
GDP > CIA Factbook per capita: . Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Oil > Exports: This entry is the total oil exported in barrels per day (bbl/day), including both crude oil and oil products.
Additional details:
- Bahamas, The: transshipments of 41,570 bbl/day (2007)
- Bahamas, The: transshipments of 41,610 bbl/day (2009)
GDP > Composition, by end use > Exports of goods and services: This entry is derived from Economy > GDP > Composition, by end use, which shows who does the spending in an economy: consumers, businesses, government, and foreigners. The distribution gives the percentage contribution to total GDP of household consumption, government consumption, investment in fixed capital, investment in inventories, exports of goods and services, and imports of goods and services, and will total 100 percent of GDP if the data are complete.
household consumption consists of expenditures by resident households, and by nonprofit institutions that serve households, on goods and services that are consumed by individuals. This includes consumption of both domestically produced and foreign goods and services.
government consumption consists of government expenditures on goods and services. These figures exclude government transfer payments, such as interest on debt, unemployment, and social security, since such payments are not made in exchange for goods and services supplied.
investment in fixed capital consists of total business spending on fixed assets, such as factories, machinery, equipment, dwellings, and inventories of raw materials, which provide the basis for future production. It is measured gross of the depreciation of the assets, i.e., it includes investment that merely replaces worn-out or scrapped capital. Earlier editions of The World Factbook referred to this concept as Investment (gross fixed) and that data now have been moved to this new field.
investment in inventories consists of net changes to the stock of outputs that are still held by the units that produce them, awaiting further sale to an end user, such as automobiles sitting on a dealer’s lot or groceries on the store shelves. This figure may be positive or negative. If the stock of unsold output increases during the relevant time period, investment in inventories is positive, but, if the stock of unsold goods declines, it will be negative. Investment in inventories normally is an early indicator of the state of the economy. If the stock of unsold items increases unexpectedly – because people stop buying - the economy may be entering a recession; but if the stock of unsold items falls - and goods "go flying off the shelves" - businesses normally try to replace those stocks, and the economy is likely to accelerate.
exports of goods and services consist of sales, barter, gifts, or grants of goods and services from residents to nonresidents.
imports of goods and ...
Full definition .
Purchasing power parity > GNI per capita > PPP > Current international $: GNI per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP GNI is gross national income (GNI) converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GNI as a U.S. dollar has in the United States. GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current international dollars.
Income > Health expenditure per capita, PPP > Constant 2005 international $: Health expenditure per capita, PPP (constant 2005 international $). Total health expenditure is the sum of public and private health expenditures as a ratio of total population. It covers the provision of health services (preventive and curative), family planning activities, nutrition activities, and emergency aid designated for health but does not include provision of water and sanitation. Data are in international dollars converted using 2005 purchasing power parity (PPP) rates.
Consumption > Consumption by sector > Equals: Household final consumption expenditure per capita: Total amount of money spent by nation's consumers, or households. Amount includes, but is not limited to, goods, rent, and government fees such as fines and permits. Also included are taxes and money spent by citizens while abroad. . Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Tax > GDP > Current LCU per capita: GDP (current LCU). GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current local currency. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Spending > Household final consumption expenditure > Current US$ per capita: Household final consumption expenditure (current US$). Household final consumption expenditure (formerly private consumption) is the market value of all goods and services, including durable products (such as cars, washing machines, and home computers), purchased by households. It excludes purchases of dwellings but includes imputed rent for owner-occupied dwellings. It also includes payments and fees to governments to obtain permits and licenses. Here, household consumption expenditure includes the expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households, even when reported separately by the country. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Debt > Strength of legal rights index > 0=weak to 10=strong per million: Strength of legal rights index (0=weak to 10=strong). Strength of legal rights index measures the degree to which collateral and bankruptcy laws protect the rights of borrowers and lenders and thus facilitate lending. The index ranges from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating that these laws are better designed to expand access to credit. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Oil > Production: This entry is the total oil produced in barrels per day (bbl/day). The discrepancy between the amount of oil produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes, refinery gains, and other complicating factors.
Economy growth: Measures growth in the economy or ""economy growth"". Annual percentage growth rate of GDP at market prices based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2000 U.S. dollars. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources."
Trade > Exports > Exports of goods and services: GDP by Type of Expenditure at current prices - US dollars.
Purchasing power parity > Gross domestic product per capita > PPP: GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant 2005 international dollars.
Debt > Interest payments > Current LCU: Interest payments (current LCU). Interest payments include interest payments on government debt--including long-term bonds, long-term loans, and other debt instruments--to domestic and foreign residents.
Innovation: Innovation
Units: Unitless Scale
Electricity > Consumption per capita: This entry consists of total electricity generated annually plus imports and minus exports, expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Market capitalization of listed companies > Current US$ > Per $ GDP: Market capitalization (also known as market value) is the share price times the number of shares outstanding. Listed domestic companies are the domestically incorporated companies listed on the country's stock exchanges at the end of the year. Listed companies does not include investment companies, mutual funds, or other collective investment vehicles. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1,000 $ gross domestic product.
GDP > CIA Factbook > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Household spending: Household final consumption expenditure (formerly private consumption) is the market value of all goods and services, including durable products (such as cars, washing machines, and home computers), purchased by households. It excludes purchases of dwellings but includes imputed rent for owner-occupied dwellings. It also includes payments and fees to governments to obtain permits and licenses. Here, household consumption expenditure includes the expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households, even when reported separately by the country. Data are in constant 2000 U.S. dollars."
Income > Household final consumption expenditure, PPP > Constant 2005 international $ per capita: Household final consumption expenditure, PPP (constant 2005 international $). Household final consumption expenditure (formerly private consumption) is the market value of all goods and services, including durable products (such as cars, washing machines, and home computers), purchased by households. It excludes purchases of dwellings but includes imputed rent for owner-occupied dwellings. It also includes payments and fees to governments to obtain permits and licenses. Here, household consumption expenditure includes the expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households, even when reported separately by the country. Data are converted to constant 2005 international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
GDP > Composition, by end use > Government consumption: This entry is derived from Economy > GDP > Composition, by end use, which shows who does the spending in an economy: consumers, businesses, government, and foreigners. The distribution gives the percentage contribution to total GDP of household consumption, government consumption, investment in fixed capital, investment in inventories, exports of goods and services, and imports of goods and services, and will total 100 percent of GDP if the data are complete.
household consumption consists of expenditures by resident households, and by nonprofit institutions that serve households, on goods and services that are consumed by individuals. This includes consumption of both domestically produced and foreign goods and services.
government consumption consists of government expenditures on goods and services. These figures exclude government transfer payments, such as interest on debt, unemployment, and social security, since such payments are not made in exchange for goods and services supplied.
investment in fixed capital consists of total business spending on fixed assets, such as factories, machinery, equipment, dwellings, and inventories of raw materials, which provide the basis for future production. It is measured gross of the depreciation of the assets, i.e., it includes investment that merely replaces worn-out or scrapped capital. Earlier editions of The World Factbook referred to this concept as Investment (gross fixed) and that data now have been moved to this new field.
investment in inventories consists of net changes to the stock of outputs that are still held by the units that produce them, awaiting further sale to an end user, such as automobiles sitting on a dealer’s lot or groceries on the store shelves. This figure may be positive or negative. If the stock of unsold output increases during the relevant time period, investment in inventories is positive, but, if the stock of unsold goods declines, it will be negative. Investment in inventories normally is an early indicator of the state of the economy. If the stock of unsold items increases unexpectedly – because people stop buying - the economy may be entering a recession; but if the stock of unsold items falls - and goods "go flying off the shelves" - businesses normally try to replace those stocks, and the economy is likely to accelerate.
exports of goods and services consist of sales, barter, gifts, or grants of goods and services from residents to nonresidents.
imports of goods and ...
Full definition
GDP > Per $ GDP: This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States. This is the measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living conditions or use of resources across countries. The measure is difficult to compute, as a US dollar value has to be assigned to all goods and services in the country regardless of whether these goods and services have a direct equivalent in the United States (for example, the value of an ox-cart or non-US military equipment); as a result, PPP estimates for some countries are based on a small and sometimes different set of goods and services. In addition, many countries do not formally participate in the World Bank's PPP project that calculates these measures, so the resulting GDP estimates for these countries may lack precision. For many developing countries, PPP-based GDP measures are multiples of the official exchange rate (OER) measure. The difference between the OER- and PPP-denominated GDP values for most of the weathly industrialized countries are generally much smaller. Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1 $ gross domestic product.
Spending > Household final consumption expenditure, etc. > Current US$: Household final consumption expenditure, etc. (current US$). Household final consumption expenditure (formerly private consumption) is the market value of all goods and services, including durable products (such as cars, washing machines, and home computers), purchased by households. It excludes purchases of dwellings but includes imputed rent for owner-occupied dwellings. It also includes payments and fees to governments to obtain permits and licenses. Here, household consumption expenditure includes the expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households, even when reported separately by the country. This item also includes any statistical discrepancy in the use of resources relative to the supply of resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Entrepreneurship > Starting a Business > Index ranking: Doing Business records all generic procedures that are officially required for an entrepreneur to start up and operate an industrial or commercial business. These include obtaining all necessary licenses and permits and completing any required notifications, verifications or inscriptions with relevant authorities. After a study of laws, regulations and publicly available information on business entry, a detailed list of procedures, time, cost and paid-in minimum capital requirements is developed. Subsequently, local incorporation lawyers and government officials complete and verify the data on applicable procedures, the time and cost of complying with each procedure under normal circumstances and the paid-in minimum capital. On average 4 law firms participate in each country. Information is also collected on the sequence in which procedures are to be completed and whether procedures may be carried out simultaneously. It is assumed that any required information is readily available and that all government and nongovernment agencies involved in the start-up process function efficiently and without corruption. If answers by local experts differ, inquiries continue until the data are reconciled. NOTE: This is a ranking derived from several indicators, 1 being the best (ranked first). The higher the number on this graph, the lower their overall ranking. Invert this graph by clicking on 'Amount' at the top. Consult source for details on methodology.
GNI > Current US$ per capita: GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Gross domestic savings > Current US$: Gross domestic savings are calculated as GDP less final consumption expenditure (total consumption). Data are in current U.S. dollars.
GDP > Constant 2000 US$ per capita: GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant 2000 U.S. dollars. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using 2000 official exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Trade > Exports: The total US dollar amount of exports on an f.o.b. (free on board) basis.
Purchasing power parity > GDP > PPP > Current international $: PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current international dollars.
Entrepreneurship > Hiring and Firing > Index ranking: Every economy has established a complex system of laws and institutions intended to protect the interests of workers and to guarantee a minimum standard of living for its population. The OECD Job Study and the International Encyclopedia for Labour Law and Industrial Relations identify 4 areas subject to statutory regulation in all countries: employment, social security, industrial relations and occupational health and safety. Doing Business focuses on the regulation of employment, specifically the hiring and firing of workers and the rigidity of working hours. This year data on social security payments by the employer and pension benefits, including the mandatory retirement age, have been added. The data on hiring and firing workers are based on a detailed survey of employment and social security regulations. The survey is completed by local law firms. The employment laws of most countries are available online in the NATLEX database, published by the International Labour Organization. In all cases both actual laws and secondary sources are used to ensure accuracy. Conflicting answers are further checked against 2 additional sources, including a local legal treatise on employment regulation. NOTE: This is a ranking derived from several indicators, 1 being the best (ranked first). The higher the number on this graph, the lower their overall ranking. Invert this graph by clicking on 'Amount' at the top. Consult source for details on methodology.
Income > GDP, PPP > Current international $ per capita: GDP, PPP (current international $). PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current international dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Total > Reserves in months of imports: Total reserves comprise holdings of monetary gold, special drawing rights, reserves of IMF members held by the IMF, and holdings of foreign exchange under the control of monetary authorities. The gold component of these reserves is valued at year-end (December 31) London prices. This item shows reserves expressed in terms of the number of months of imports of goods and services which could be paid for.
Imports > Commodities: This entry provides a listing of the highest-valued imported products; it sometimes includes the percent of total dollar value.
Debt > Banks > Automated teller machines > ATMs > Per 100,000 adults: Automated teller machines (ATMs) (per 100,000 adults). Automated teller machines are computerized telecommunications devices that provide clients of a financial institution with access to financial transactions in a public place.
Inflation > Consumer price index > 2005 = 100: Consumer price index (2005 = 100). Consumer price index reflects changes in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. The Laspeyres formula is generally used.
Gross domestic savings > Current US$ > Per $ GDP: Gross domestic savings are calculated as GDP less final consumption expenditure (total consumption). Data are in current U.S. dollars. Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1,000 $ gross domestic product.
GDP > Constant LCU: GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant local currency.
Poverty and inequality > Inequality adjusted income index: Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index.
Trade > Export growth: Annual growth rate of exports of goods and services based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2000 U.S. dollars. Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) and transfer payments."
Welfare > Revenue, excluding grants > Current LCU: Revenue, excluding grants (current LCU). Revenue is cash receipts from taxes, social contributions, and other revenues such as fines, fees, rent, and income from property or sales. Grants are also considered as revenue but are excluded here.
Welfare > Social contributions > Current LCU: Social contributions (current LCU). Social contributions include social security contributions by employees, employers, and self-employed individuals, and other contributions whose source cannot be determined. They also include actual or imputed contributions to social insurance schemes operated by governments.
Labor force per thousand people: This entry contains the total labor force figure. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Business efficiency: Based upon a business efficiency index where '100' represents the highest level of business efficiency.
Trade > Imports > Imports of goods and services: GDP by Type of Expenditure at current prices - US dollars.
GDP > Median household income (PPP): Median Household Income $PPP.
Household final > Consumption expenditure per capita > Constant 2000 US$: Household final consumption expenditure per capita (private consumption per capita) is calculated using private consumption in constant 2000 prices and World Bank population estimates. Household final consumption expenditure is the market value of all goods and services, including durable products (such as cars, washing machines, and home computers), purchased by households. It excludes purchases of dwellings but includes imputed rent for owner-occupied dwellings. It also includes payments and fees to governments to obtain permits and licenses. Here, household consumption expenditure includes the expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households, even when reported separately by the country. Data are in constant 2000 U.S. dollars.
Public institution index: Public institution index indicates the state of the country's public institutions.
GNI > Atlas method > Current US$ per capita: GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current U.S. dollars. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons across economies, although an alternative rate is used when the official exchange rate is judged to diverge by an exceptionally large margin from the rate actually applied in international transactions. To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, a special Atlas method of conversion is used by the World Bank. This applies a conversion factor that averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between the country, and through 2000, the G-5 countries (France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States). From 2001, these countries include the Euro Zone, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Income > GNI, PPP > Current international $: GNI, PPP (current international $). PPP GNI (formerly PPP GNP) is gross national income (GNI) converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GNI as a U.S. dollar has in the United States. Gross national income is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current international dollars.
Income > Household final consumption expenditure, PPP > Constant 2005 international $: Household final consumption expenditure, PPP (constant 2005 international $). Household final consumption expenditure (formerly private consumption) is the market value of all goods and services, including durable products (such as cars, washing machines, and home computers), purchased by households. It excludes purchases of dwellings but includes imputed rent for owner-occupied dwellings. It also includes payments and fees to governments to obtain permits and licenses. Here, household consumption expenditure includes the expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households, even when reported separately by the country. Data are converted to constant 2005 international dollars using purchasing power parity rates.
Income > GDP, PPP > Current international $: GDP, PPP (current international $). PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current international dollars.
Currency > Monetary unit: Country currency.
Budget > Expenditures > Per $ GDP: Expenditures calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1 $ gross domestic product.
Taxes and other revenues: This entry records total taxes and other revenues received by the national government during the time period indicated, expressed as a percent of GDP. Taxes include personal and corporate income taxes, value added taxes, excise taxes, and tariffs. Other revenues include social contributions - such as payments for social security and hospital insurance - grants, and net revenues from public enterprises. Normalizing the data, by dividing total revenues by GDP, enables easy comparisons across countries, and provides an average rate at which all income (GDP) is paid to the national level government for the supply of public goods and services.
Patents granted: Patents granted to residents per million people 1998.
Balance of payments > Financial > Reserves: Changes in net reserves is the net change in a country's holdings of international reserves resulting from transactions on the current, capital, and financial accounts. These include changes in holdings of monetary gold, SDRs, foreign exchange assets, reserve position in the International Monetary Fund, and other claims on nonresidents that are available to the central authority. The measure is net of liabilities constituting foreign authorities' reserves, and counterpart items for valuation changes and exceptional financing items. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
Balance of payments > Current account > Goods > Services and income > Exports > Goods and services > Current U: Exports of goods and services comprise all transactions between residents of a country and the rest of the world involving a change of ownership from residents to nonresidents of general merchandise, goods sent for processing and repairs, nonmonetary gold, and services. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
Balance of payments > Current account > Balances > Current account balance > Current US$: Current account balance is the sum of net exports of goods, services, net income, and net current transfers. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
Oil > Proved reserves: This entry is the stock of proved reserves of crude oil in barrels (bbl). Proved reserves are those quantities of petroleum which, by analysis of geological and engineering data, can be estimated with a high degree of confidence to be commercially recoverable from a given date forward, from known reservoirs and under current economic conditions.
Companies > Ease of doing business index > 1=most business-friendly regulations: Ease of doing business index (1=most business-friendly regulations). Ease of doing business ranks economies from 1 to 189, with first place being the best. A high ranking (a low numerical rank) means that the regulatory environment is conducive to business operation. The index averages the country's percentile rankings on 10 topics covered in the World Bank's Doing Business. The ranking on each topic is the simple average of the percentile rankings on its component indicators.
Natural gas > Production: This entry is the total natural gas produced in cubic meters (cu m). The discrepancy between the amount of natural gas produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes and other complicating factors.
GDP deflator: The GDP implicit deflator is the ratio of GDP in current local currency to GDP in constant local currency. The base year varies by country.
New businesses registered > Number: New businesses registered are the number of new firms, defined as firms registered in the current year of reporting."
Oil > Consumption: This entry is the total oil consumed in barrels per day (bbl/day). The discrepancy between the amount of oil produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes, refinery gains, and other complicating factors.
Tourism > International tourism, receipts > Current US$: International tourism, receipts (current US$). International tourism receipts are expenditures by international inbound visitors, including payments to national carriers for international transport. These receipts include any other prepayment made for goods or services received in the destination country. They also may include receipts from same-day visitors, except when these are important enough to justify separate classification. For some countries they do not include receipts for passenger transport items. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Electricity > Consumption: This entry consists of total electricity generated annually plus imports and minus exports, expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution.
Spending > Final consumption expenditure > Constant 2000 US$ per capita: Final consumption expenditure (constant 2000 US$). Final consumption expenditure (formerly total consumption) is the sum of household final consumption expenditure (formerly private consumption) and general government final consumption expenditure (formerly general government consumption). Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Currency > GDP > Constant 2000 US$ per capita: GDP (constant 2000 US$). GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using 2000 official exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Tax > GDP > Current US$: GDP (current US$). GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using single year official exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used.
Net trade in goods and services > BoP > Current US$: Net trade in goods and services is derived by offsetting imports of goods and services against exports of goods and services. Exports and imports of goods and services comprise all transactions involving a change of ownership of goods and services between residents of one country and the rest of the world. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Portfolio investment > Excluding LCFAR > BoP > Current US$: Portfolio investment excluding liabilities constituting foreign authorities' reserves covers transactions in equity securities and debt securities. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Net capital account > BoP > Current US$: Net capital account includes government debt forgiveness, investment grants in cash or in kind by a government entity, and taxes on capital transfers. Also included are migrants' capital transfers and debt forgiveness and investment grants by nongovernmental entities. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Budget > Expenditures > Per capita: Expenditures calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
GDP > Composition, by end use > Investment in inventories: This entry is derived from Economy > GDP > Composition, by end use, which shows who does the spending in an economy: consumers, businesses, government, and foreigners. The distribution gives the percentage contribution to total GDP of household consumption, government consumption, investment in fixed capital, investment in inventories, exports of goods and services, and imports of goods and services, and will total 100 percent of GDP if the data are complete.
household consumption consists of expenditures by resident households, and by nonprofit institutions that serve households, on goods and services that are consumed by individuals. This includes consumption of both domestically produced and foreign goods and services.
government consumption consists of government expenditures on goods and services. These figures exclude government transfer payments, such as interest on debt, unemployment, and social security, since such payments are not made in exchange for goods and services supplied.
investment in fixed capital consists of total business spending on fixed assets, such as factories, machinery, equipment, dwellings, and inventories of raw materials, which provide the basis for future production. It is measured gross of the depreciation of the assets, i.e., it includes investment that merely replaces worn-out or scrapped capital. Earlier editions of The World Factbook referred to this concept as Investment (gross fixed) and that data now have been moved to this new field.
investment in inventories consists of net changes to the stock of outputs that are still held by the units that produce them, awaiting further sale to an end user, such as automobiles sitting on a dealer’s lot or groceries on the store shelves. This figure may be positive or negative. If the stock of unsold output increases during the relevant time period, investment in inventories is positive, but, if the stock of unsold goods declines, it will be negative. Investment in inventories normally is an early indicator of the state of the economy. If the stock of unsold items increases unexpectedly – because people stop buying - the economy may be entering a recession; but if the stock of unsold items falls - and goods "go flying off the shelves" - businesses normally try to replace those stocks, and the economy is likely to accelerate.
exports of goods and services consist of sales, barter, gifts, or grants of goods and services from residents to nonresidents.
imports of goods and ...
Full definition
Steel > Production: Production of crude steel in million tonnes.
Purchasing power parity > GNI > PPP > Current international $: PPP GNI (formerly PPP GNP) is gross national income converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GNI as a U.S. dollar has in the United States. Gross national income (GNI) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current international dollars.
Debt > External > Per $ GDP: Total public and private debt owed to non-residents repayable in foreign currency, goods, or services. Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1,000 $ gross domestic product.
GNI > PPP > Current international $: PPP GNI (formerly PPP GNP) is gross national income converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GNI as a U.S. dollar has in the United States. Gross national income (GNI) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current international dollars.
Trade > With US > US imports of bauxite and aluminum per 1000: US imports of bauxite and aluminum, USD Thousands, 2004. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
High-technology > Exports > Current US$: High-technology exports are products with high research and development intensity, such as in aerospace, computers, pharmaceuticals, scientific instruments, and electrical machinery. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
Oil > Exports per thousand people: This entry is the total oil exported in barrels per day (bbl/day), including both crude oil and oil products.
Additional details:
- Bahamas, The: transshipments of 41,570 bbl/day (2007)
- Bahamas, The: transshipments of 41,610 bbl/day (2009)
. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Overall productivity > PPP: Estimates: GDP (PPP) per person employed, US$
Final > Consumption expenditure > Etc. > Current US$: Final consumption expenditure (formerly total consumption) is the sum of household final consumption expenditure (private consumption) and general government final consumption expenditure (general government consumption). This estimate includes any statistical discrepancy in the use of resources relative to the supply of resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Gross National Income > Constant LCU: Gross national income is derived as the sum of GNP and the terms of trade adjustment. Data are in constant local currency.
GDP > Constant 2000 US$ > Per capita: GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant 2000 U.S. dollars. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using 2000 official exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Deposit interest rate: Deposit interest rate is the rate paid by commercial or similar banks for demand, time, or savings deposits.
National accounts > US$ at constant 2000 prices > Aggregate indicators > GDP per capita > Constant 2000 US$: GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant U.S. dollars.
Income > GDP per capita, PPP > Constant 2005 international $: GDP per capita, PPP (constant 2005 international $). GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant 2005 international dollars.
Scientific and technical journals > Articles published: Scientific and technical journal articles refer to the number of scientific and engineering articles published in the following fields: physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, clinical medicine, biomedical research, engineering and technology, and earth and space sciences."
Net income > BoP > Current US$: Net income refers to receipts and payments of employee compensation paid to nonresident workers and investment income (receipts and payments on direct investment, portfolio investment, other investments, and receipts on reserve assets). Income derived from the use of intangible assets is recorded under business services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Goods imports > BoP > Current US$: Goods imports refer to all movable goods (including nonmonetary gold) involved in a change of ownership from nonresidents to residents. The category includes goods previously included in services: goods received or sent for processing and their subsequent export or import in the form of processed goods, repairs on goods, and goods procured in ports by carriers. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Foreign direct investment > Net > BoP > Current US$ > Per capita: Foreign direct investment is net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. This series shows total net, that is, net FDI in the reporting economy from foreign sources less net FDI by the reporting economy to the rest of the world. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
GDP per unit of energy use: GDP per unit of energy use is the PPP GDP per kilogram of oil equivalent of energy use. PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to 2000 constant international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as a U.S. dollar has in the United States.
Oil > Consumption per thousand people: This entry is the total oil consumed in barrels per day (bbl/day). The discrepancy between the amount of oil produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes, refinery gains, and other complicating factors. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Budget > Revenues > Per $ GDP: Revenues calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1 $ gross domestic product.
Natural gas > Production per capita: This entry is the total natural gas produced in cubic meters (cu m). The discrepancy between the amount of natural gas produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes and other complicating factors. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
International tourism > Expenditures for travel items > Current US$: International tourism expenditures are expenditures of international outbound visitors in other countries. The goods and services are purchased by, or on behalf of, the traveler or provided, without a quid pro quo, for the traveler to use or give away. These may include expenditures by residents traveling abroad as same-day visitors, except in cases where these are so important as to justify a separate classification. Excluded is the international carriage of travelers, which is covered in passenger travel items. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
Researchers in RandD > Per million people: Researchers in R&D are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge, products, processes, methods, or systems and in the management of the projects concerned. Postgraduate PhD students (ISCED97 level 6) engaged in R&D are included.
Innovation > Research and development personnel > By sector > Business enterprise sector per thousand people: Total number of researchers employed by private for-profit enterprises. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Government spending > Subsidies and other transfers > Current LCU: Subsidies and other transfers (current LCU). Subsidies, grants, and other social benefits include all unrequited, nonrepayable transfers on current account to private and public enterprises; grants to foreign governments, international organizations, and other government units; and social security, social assistance benefits, and employer social benefits in cash and in kind.
Government spending > Subsidies and other transfers > Current LCU per capita: Subsidies and other transfers (current LCU). Subsidies, grants, and other social benefits include all unrequited, nonrepayable transfers on current account to private and public enterprises; grants to foreign governments, international organizations, and other government units; and social security, social assistance benefits, and employer social benefits in cash and in kind. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Intellectual property > Patents granted: No. of Patents Granted.
Currency > DEC alternative conversion factor > LCU per US$: The DEC alternative conversion factor is the underlying annual exchange rate used for the World Bank Atlas method. As a rule, it is the official exchange rate reported in the IMF's International Financial Statistics (line rf). Exceptions arise where further refinements are made by World Bank staff. It is expressed in local currency units per U.S. dollar.
Labor force > By occupation > Industry: This entry is derived from Economy > Labor force > By occupation, which lists the percentage distribution of the labor force by sector of occupation. Agriculture includes farming, fishing, and forestry. Industry includes mining, manufacturing, energy production, and construction. Services cover government activities, communications, transportation, finance, and all other economic activities that do not produce material goods. The distribution will total less than 100 percent if the data are incomplete and may range from 99-101 percent due to rounding.
Stocks traded > Total value > Current US$: Stocks traded refers to the total value of shares traded during the period.
GDP > Composition, by end use > Investment in fixed capital: This entry is derived from Economy > GDP > Composition, by end use, which shows who does the spending in an economy: consumers, businesses, government, and foreigners. The distribution gives the percentage contribution to total GDP of household consumption, government consumption, investment in fixed capital, investment in inventories, exports of goods and services, and imports of goods and services, and will total 100 percent of GDP if the data are complete.
household consumption consists of expenditures by resident households, and by nonprofit institutions that serve households, on goods and services that are consumed by individuals. This includes consumption of both domestically produced and foreign goods and services.
government consumption consists of government expenditures on goods and services. These figures exclude government transfer payments, such as interest on debt, unemployment, and social security, since such payments are not made in exchange for goods and services supplied.
investment in fixed capital consists of total business spending on fixed assets, such as factories, machinery, equipment, dwellings, and inventories of raw materials, which provide the basis for future production. It is measured gross of the depreciation of the assets, i.e., it includes investment that merely replaces worn-out or scrapped capital. Earlier editions of The World Factbook referred to this concept as Investment (gross fixed) and that data now have been moved to this new field.
investment in inventories consists of net changes to the stock of outputs that are still held by the units that produce them, awaiting further sale to an end user, such as automobiles sitting on a dealer’s lot or groceries on the store shelves. This figure may be positive or negative. If the stock of unsold output increases during the relevant time period, investment in inventories is positive, but, if the stock of unsold goods declines, it will be negative. Investment in inventories normally is an early indicator of the state of the economy. If the stock of unsold items increases unexpectedly – because people stop buying - the economy may be entering a recession; but if the stock of unsold items falls - and goods "go flying off the shelves" - businesses normally try to replace those stocks, and the economy is likely to accelerate.
exports of goods and services consist of sales, barter, gifts, or grants of goods and services from residents to nonresidents.
imports of goods and ...
Full definition.
Trade > Exports > Goods and services: Exports of goods and services as a % of GDP, 2000
Royalty and license fees > Payments > BoP > Current US$: Royalty and license fees are payments and receipts between residents and nonresidents for the authorized use of intangible, nonproduced, nonfinancial assets and proprietary rights (such as patents, copyrights, trademarks, industrial processes, and franchises) and for the use, through licensing agreements, of produced originals of prototypes (such as films and manuscripts). Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Trade > Imports > Goods and services > BoP > Current US$ > Per $ GDP: Imports of goods and services comprise all transactions between residents of a country and the rest of the world involving a change of ownership from nonresidents to residents of general merchandise, goods sent for processing and repairs, nonmonetary gold, and services. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1 $ gross domestic product.
Foreign direct investment > Net > BoP > Current US$: Foreign direct investment is net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. This series shows total net, that is, net FDI in the reporting economy from foreign sources less net FDI by the reporting economy to the rest of the world. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Economic importance: Globalpolicy.org
Stock of direct foreign investment > At home per capita: This entry gives the cumulative US dollar value of all investments in the home country made directly by residents - primarily companies - of other countries as of the end of the time period indicated. Direct investment excludes investment through purchase of shares. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Reserves > Total reserves minus gold > Current US$: Total reserves minus gold (current US$). Total reserves minus gold comprise special drawing rights, reserves of IMF members held by the IMF, and holdings of foreign exchange under the control of monetary authorities. Gold holdings are excluded. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Spending > Final consumption expenditure > Constant 2000 US$: Final consumption expenditure (constant 2000 US$). Final consumption expenditure (formerly total consumption) is the sum of household final consumption expenditure (formerly private consumption) and general government final consumption expenditure (formerly general government consumption). Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars.
Spending > Household final consumption expenditure > Constant 2000 US$ per capita: Household final consumption expenditure (constant 2000 US$). Household final consumption expenditure (formerly private consumption) is the market value of all goods and services, including durable products (such as cars, washing machines, and home computers), purchased by households. It excludes purchases of dwellings but includes imputed rent for owner-occupied dwellings. It also includes payments and fees to governments to obtain permits and licenses. Here, household consumption expenditure includes the expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households, even when reported separately by the country. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Savings > Gross domestic savings > Current US$: Gross domestic savings (current US$). Gross domestic savings are calculated as GDP less final consumption expenditure (total consumption). Data are in current U.S. dollars.
World Bank exchange rate: The DEC alternative conversion factor is the underlying annual exchange rate used for the World Bank Atlas method. As a rule, it is the official exchange rate reported in the IMF's International Financial Statistics (line rf). Exceptions arise where further refinements are made by World Bank staff. It is expressed in local currency units per U.S. dollar."
Financial sector > Exchange rates and prices > GDP deflator > Base year varies by country: The GDP implicit deflator is the ratio of GDP in current local currency to GDP in constant local currency. The base year varies by country.
Balance of payments > Current account > Balances > Net trade in goods > US$: Net trade in goods is the difference between exports and imports of goods. The category includes goods previously included in services: goods received or sent for processing and their subsequent export or import in the form of processed goods, repairs on goods, and goods procured in ports by carriers. Trade in services is not included. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
Trade > Exports > Goods: Goods imports refer to all movable goods (including nonmonetary gold) involved in a change of ownership from nonresidents to residents. The category includes goods previously included in services: goods received or sent for processing and their subsequent export or import in the form of processed goods, repairs on goods, and goods procured in ports by carriers. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
Electricity > Production: This entry is the annual electricity generated expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution.
Electricity > Imports per capita: This entry is the total imported electricity in kilowatt-hours. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Gross national expenditure > Current US$ > Per $ GDP: Gross national expenditure (formerly domestic absorption) is the sum of household final consumption expenditure (formerly private consumption), general government final consumption expenditure (formerly general government consumption), and gross capital formation (formerly gross domestic investment). Data are in current U.S. dollars. Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1 $ gross domestic product.
Household final > Consumption expenditure > Constant 2000 US$ per capita: Household final consumption expenditure (formerly private consumption) is the market value of all goods and services, including durable products (such as cars, washing machines, and home computers), purchased by households. It excludes purchases of dwellings but includes imputed rent for owner-occupied dwellings. It also includes payments and fees to governments to obtain permits and licenses. Here, household consumption expenditure includes the expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households, even when reported separately by the country. Data are in constant 2000 U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Gross fixed capital formation > Current US$ per capita: Gross fixed capital formation (formerly gross domestic fixed investment) includes land improvements (fences, ditches, drains, and so on); plant, machinery, and equipment purchases; and the construction of roads, railways, and the like, including schools, offices, hospitals, private residential dwellings, and commercial and industrial buildings. According to the 1993 SNA, net acquisitions of valuables are also considered capital formation. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Patent applications > Residents: Patent applications are worldwide patent applications filed through the Patent Cooperation Treaty procedure or with a national patent office for exclusive rights for an invention--a product or process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem. A patent provides protection for the invention to the owner of the patent for a limited period, generally 20 years."
GNI > Atlas method > Current US$ > Per capita: GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current U.S. dollars. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons across economies, although an alternative rate is used when the official exchange rate is judged to diverge by an exceptionally large margin from the rate actually applied in international transactions. To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, a special Atlas method of conversion is used by the World Bank. This applies a conversion factor that averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between the country, and through 2000, the G-5 countries (France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States). From 2001, these countries include the Euro Zone, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Income > GDP, PPP > Constant 2005 international $ per capita: GDP, PPP (constant 2005 international $). PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant 2005 international dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Income > GNI, PPP > Constant 2005 international $: GNI, PPP (constant 2005 international $). PPP GNI (formerly PPP GNP) is gross national income (GNI) converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GNI as a U.S. dollar has in the United States. Gross national income is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in constant 2005 international dollars.
Income > GNI per capita, PPP > Constant 2005 international $: GNI per capita, PPP (constant 2005 international $). GNI per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP GNI is gross national income (GNI) converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GNI as a U.S. dollar has in the United States. GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in constant 2005 international dollars.
International tourism > Receipts > Current US$: International tourism receipts are expenditures by international inbound visitors, including payments to national carriers for international transport. These receipts should include any other prepayment made for goods or services received in the destination country. They also may include receipts from same-day visitors, except in cases where these are so important as to justify a separate classification. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Oil > Production per thousand people: This entry is the total oil produced in barrels per day (bbl/day). The discrepancy between the amount of oil produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes, refinery gains, and other complicating factors. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Gross savings > Current US$ per capita: Gross savings are calculated as gross national income less total consumption, plus net transfers. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Innovation > Patent applications, nonresidents per million: Patent applications, nonresidents. Patent applications are worldwide patent applications filed through the Patent Cooperation Treaty procedure or with a national patent office for exclusive rights for an invention--a product or process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem. A patent provides protection for the invention to the owner of the patent for a limited period, generally 20 years. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Innovation > Patent applications, residents: Patent applications, residents. Patent applications are worldwide patent applications filed through the Patent Cooperation Treaty procedure or with a national patent office for exclusive rights for an invention--a product or process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem. A patent provides protection for the invention to the owner of the patent for a limited period, generally 20 years.
Innovation > Scientific and technical journal articles: Scientific and technical journal articles. Scientific and technical journal articles refer to the number of scientific and engineering articles published in the following fields: physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, clinical medicine, biomedical research, engineering and technology, and earth and space sciences.
GDP > PPP > Current international $ per capita: PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current international dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Welfare > Revenue, excluding grants > Current LCU per capita: Revenue, excluding grants (current LCU). Revenue is cash receipts from taxes, social contributions, and other revenues such as fines, fees, rent, and income from property or sales. Grants are also considered as revenue but are excluded here. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Micro > Small and medium enterprises > Number per 1000: Micro, small, and medium-size enterprises are business that may be defined by the number of employees. There is no international standard definition of firm size; however, many institutions that collect information use the following size categories: micro enterprises have 0-9 employees, small enterprises have 10-49 employees, and medium-size enterprises have 50-249 employees. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Transnational corporations > Affiliates: Number of foreign affiliates to transnational corporations
Tax > Social security contributions: Social contributions include social security contributions by employees, employers, and self-employed individuals, and other contributions whose source cannot be determined. They also include actual or imputed contributions to social insurance schemes operated by governments."
Tax > Taxes on income > Profits and capital gains > Current LCU: Taxes on income, profits, and capital gains are levied on the actual or presumptive net income of individuals, on the profits of corporations and enterprises, and on capital gains, whether realized or not, on land, securities, and other assets. Intragovernmental payments are eliminated in consolidation."
Oil > Imports per thousand people: This entry is the total oil imported in barrels per day (bbl/day), including both crude oil and oil products. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Imports > Partners: This entry provides a rank ordering of trading partners starting with the most important; it sometimes includes the percent of total dollar value.
Oil > Imports: This entry is the total oil imported in barrels per day (bbl/day), including both crude oil and oil products.
Electricity > Production per capita: This entry is the annual electricity generated expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
GDP growth > Duration 1975-2000: GDP per capita annual growth rate (%) from 1975 to 2000
Trade balance with US: In US dollars. Jan 2003 - March 2003
Trade > Exports > Goods and services > Constant 2000 US$: Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude labor and property income (formerly called factor services) as well as transfer payments. Data are in constant 2000 U.S. dollars.
Household final > Consumption expenditure > Current US$: Household final consumption expenditure (formerly private consumption) is the market value of all goods and services, including durable products (such as cars, washing machines, and home computers), purchased by households. It excludes purchases of dwellings but includes imputed rent for owner-occupied dwellings. It also includes payments and fees to governments to obtain permits and licenses. Here, household consumption expenditure includes the expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households, even when reported separately by the country. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Services > Etc. > Value added > Constant 2000 US$: Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant 2000 U.S. dollars.
Household final > Consumption expenditure > Current US$ > Per capita: Household final consumption expenditure (formerly private consumption) is the market value of all goods and services, including durable products (such as cars, washing machines, and home computers), purchased by households. It excludes purchases of dwellings but includes imputed rent for owner-occupied dwellings. It also includes payments and fees to governments to obtain permits and licenses. Here, household consumption expenditure includes the expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households, even when reported separately by the country. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Merchandise > Exports > Current US$: Merchandise exports show the f.o.b. value of goods provided to the rest of the world valued in U.S. dollars. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Gross fixed capital formation > Current US$: Gross fixed capital formation (formerly gross domestic fixed investment) includes land improvements (fences, ditches, drains, and so on); plant, machinery, and equipment purchases; and the construction of roads, railways, and the like, including schools, offices, hospitals, private residential dwellings, and commercial and industrial buildings. According to the 1993 SNA, net acquisitions of valuables are also considered capital formation. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Research and development spending: Research and development (R&D) expenditures for most recent year available between 1990 and 2000.
Tax > Time to prepare and pay taxes > Hours: Time to prepare and pay taxes is the time, in hours per year, it takes to prepare, file, and pay (or withhold) three major types of taxes: the corporate income tax, the value added or sales tax, and labor taxes, including payroll taxes and social security contributions."
Balance of payments > Capital and financial account > Net errors and omissions > Adjusted > BoP > Current US$: Net errors and omissions constitute a residual category needed to ensure that all debit and credit entries in the balance of payments statement sum to zero. In the International Financial Statistics presentation, this is equal to the difference between reserves and related items and the sum of the balances of the current, capital, and financial accounts. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
Balance of payments > Current account > Goods > Services and income > Exports of goods > Services > Income and wo: Exports of goods and services are the total value of goods and services exported as well as income and workers' remittances received. Workers' remittances include compensation of employees. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Intellectual property > Patent applications: No. of Patent Applications.
Trade > Imports of goods > Services and income > BoP > Current US$ per capita: Imports of goods, services and income is the sum of goods (merchandise) imports, imports of (nonfactor) services and income (factor) payments. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Foreign direct investment > Net > BoP > Current US$ > Per $ GDP: Foreign direct investment is net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. This series shows total net, that is, net FDI in the reporting economy from foreign sources less net FDI by the reporting economy to the rest of the world. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1,000 $ gross domestic product.
Royalty and license fees > Payments > BoP > Current US$ per capita: Royalty and license fees are payments and receipts between residents and nonresidents for the authorized use of intangible, nonproduced, nonfinancial assets and proprietary rights (such as patents, copyrights, trademarks, industrial processes, and franchises) and for the use, through licensing agreements, of produced originals of prototypes (such as films and manuscripts). Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Net income > BoP > Current US$ per million: Net income refers to receipts and payments of employee compensation paid to nonresident workers and investment income (receipts and payments on direct investment, portfolio investment, other investments, and receipts on reserve assets). Income derived from the use of intangible assets is recorded under business services. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Commercial service imports > Current US$ > Per capita: Commercial service imports are total service imports minus imports of government services not included elsewhere. International transactions in services are defined by the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (1993) as the economic output of intangible commodities that may be produced, transferred, and consumed at the same time. Definitions may vary among reporting economies. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Commercial service imports > Current US$: Commercial service imports are total service imports minus imports of government services not included elsewhere. International transactions in services are defined by the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (1993) as the economic output of intangible commodities that may be produced, transferred, and consumed at the same time. Definitions may vary among reporting economies.
Natural gas > Consumption: This entry is the total natural gas consumed in cubic meters (cu m). The discrepancy between the amount of natural gas produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes and other complicating factors.
Natural gas > Proved reserves per capita: This entry is the stock of proved reserves of natural gas in cubic meters (cu m). Proved reserves are those quantities of natural gas, which, by analysis of geological and engineering data, can be estimated with a high degree of confidence to be commercially recoverable from a given date forward, from known reservoirs and under current economic conditions. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Natural gas > Proved reserves: This entry is the stock of proved reserves of natural gas in cubic meters (cu m). Proved reserves are those quantities of natural gas, which, by analysis of geological and engineering data, can be estimated with a high degree of confidence to be commercially recoverable from a given date forward, from known reservoirs and under current economic conditions.
Micro > Small and medium enterprises > Per 1,000 people: Micro, small, and medium-size enterprises are business that may be defined by the number of employees. There is no international standard definition of firm size; however, many institutions that collect information use the following size categories: micro enterprises have 0-9 employees, small enterprises have 10-49 employees, and medium-size enterprises have 50-249 employees.
Tourism > International tourism, number of departures: International tourism, number of departures. International outbound tourists are the number of departures that people make from their country of usual residence to any other country for any purpose other than a remunerated activity in the country visited. The data on outbound tourists refer to the number of departures, not to the number of people traveling. Thus a person who makes several trips from a country during a given period is counted each time as a new departure.
Tourism > International tourism, receipts for travel items > Current US$ per capita: International tourism, receipts for travel items (current US$). International tourism receipts for travel items are expenditures by international inbound visitors in the reporting economy. The goods and services are purchased by, or on behalf of, the traveler or provided, without a quid pro quo, for the traveler to use or give away. These receipts should include any other prepayment made for goods or services received in the destination country. They also may include receipts from same-day visitors, except in cases where these are so important as to justify a separate classification. Excluded is the international carriage of travelers, which is covered in passenger travel items. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Tourism > International tourism, expenditures > Current US$: International tourism, expenditures (current US$). International tourism expenditures are expenditures of international outbound visitors in other countries, including payments to foreign carriers for international transport. These expenditures may include those by residents traveling abroad as same-day visitors, except in cases where these are important enough to justify separate classification. For some countries they do not include expenditures for passenger transport items. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Companies > Ease of doing business index > 1=most business-friendly regulations per million: Ease of doing business index (1=most business-friendly regulations). Ease of doing business ranks economies from 1 to 189, with first place being the best. A high ranking (a low numerical rank) means that the regulatory environment is conducive to business operation. The index averages the country's percentile rankings on 10 topics covered in the World Bank's Doing Business. The ranking on each topic is the simple average of the percentile rankings on its component indicators. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
International tourism > Receipts for travel items > Current US$: International tourism receipts for travel items are expenditures by international inbound visitors in the reporting economy. The goods and services are purchased by, or on behalf of, the traveler or provided, without a quid pro quo, for the traveler to use or give away. These receipts should include any other prepayment made for goods or services received in the destination country. They also may include receipts from same-day visitors, except in cases where these are so important as to justify a separate classification. Excluded is the international carriage of travelers, which is covered in passenger travel items. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
Tourism receipts > International > Per $ GDP: Per $ GDP figures expressed per $1,000 gross domestic product
GDP > PPP > Constant 2000 international $ > Per capita: PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant 2000 international dollars. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
GDP > PPP > Current international $ > Per capita: PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current international dollars. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Financial sector > Interest rates > Interest rate spread > Lending rate minus deposit rate: Interest rate spread is the interest rate charged by banks on loans to prime customers minus the interest rate paid by commercial or similar banks for demand, time, or savings deposits."
Patent applications > Nonresidents: Patent applications are worldwide patent applications filed through the Patent Cooperation Treaty procedure or with a national patent office for exclusive rights for an invention--a product or process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem. A patent provides protection for the invention to the owner of the patent for a limited period, generally 20 years."
International tourism > Expenditures > Current US$: International tourism expenditures are expenditures of international outbound visitors in other countries, including payments to foreign carriers for international transport. These may include expenditures by residents traveling abroad as same-day visitors, except in cases where these are so important as to justify a separate classification. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Tax > Tax payments > Number per million: Tax payments (number). Tax payments by businesses are the total number of taxes paid by businesses, including electronic filing. The tax is counted as paid once a year even if payments are more frequent. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Trade > Exports > Per $ GDP: The total US dollar amount of exports on an f.o.b. (free on board) basis. Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1 $ gross domestic product.
Purchasing power parity > GDP > PPP > Constant 2005 international $: PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant 2005 international dollars.
Purchasing power parity > PPP conversion factor > Private > Consumption > LCU per international $: Purchasing power parity conversion factor is the number of units of a country's currency required to buy the same amounts of goods and services in the domestic market as U.S. dollar would buy in the United States. This conversion factor is for private consumption (i.e., household final consumption expenditure)."

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STAT	Germany	Russia
Budget > Revenues	$1.53 trillion Ranked 4th. 4 times more than Russia	$416.80 billion Ranked 12th.
Budget surplus > + or deficit > -	0.1% of GDP Ranked 35th.	-0.1% of GDP Ranked 41st.
Debt > Government debt > Public debt, share of GDP	81.7 CIA Ranked 25th. 7 times more than Russia	12.2 CIA Ranked 139th.
Overview	The German economy - the fifth largest economy in the world in PPP terms and Europe's largest - is a leading exporter of machinery, vehicles, chemicals, and household equipment and benefits from a highly skilled labor force. Like its Western European neighbors, Germany faces significant demographic challenges to sustained long-term growth. Low fertility rates and declining net immigration are increasing pressure on the country's social welfare system and necessitate structural reforms. Reforms launched by the government of Chancellor Gerhard SCHROEDER (1998-2005), deemed necessary to address chronically high unemployment and low average growth, contributed to strong growth in 2006 and 2007 and falling unemployment. These advances, as well as a government subsidized, reduced working hour scheme, help explain the relatively modest increase in unemployment during the 2008-09 recession - the deepest since World War II - and its decrease to 6.5% in 2012. GDP contracted 5.1% in 2009 but grew by 4.2% in 2010, and 3.0% in 2011, before dipping to 0.7% in 2012 - a reflection of low investment spending due to crisis-induced uncertainty and the decreased demand for German exports from recession-stricken periphery countries. Stimulus and stabilization efforts initiated in 2008 and 2009 and tax cuts introduced in Chancellor Angela MERKEL's second term increased Germany's total budget deficit - including federal, state, and municipal - to 4.1% in 2010, but slower spending and higher tax revenues reduced the deficit to 0.8% in 2011. In 2012 Germany reached a budget surplus of 0.1%. A constitutional amendment approved in 2009 limits the federal government to structural deficits of no more than 0.35% of GDP per annum as of 2016 though the target was already reached in 2012. By 2014, the federal government wants to balance its budget. Following the March 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster, Chancellor Angela Merkel announced in May 2011 that eight of the country's 17 nuclear reactors would be shut down immediately and the remaining plants would close by 2022. Germany hopes to replace nuclear power with renewable energy. Before the shutdown of the eight reactors, Germany relied on nuclear power for 23% of its electricity generating capacity and 46% of its base-load electricity production.	Russia has undergone significant changes since the collapse of the Soviet Union, moving from a globally-isolated, centrally-planned economy to a more market-based and globally-integrated economy. Economic reforms in the 1990s privatized most industry, with notable exceptions in the energy and defense-related sectors. The protection of property rights is still weak and the private sector remains subject to heavy state interference. In 2011, Russia became the world's leading oil producer, surpassing Saudi Arabia; Russia is the second-largest producer of natural gas; Russia holds the world's largest natural gas reserves, the second-largest coal reserves, and the eighth-largest crude oil reserves. Russia is also a top exporter of metals such as steel and primary aluminum. Russia's reliance on commodity exports makes it vulnerable to boom and bust cycles that follow the volatile swings in global prices. The government since 2007 has embarked on an ambitious program to reduce this dependency and build up the country's high technology sectors, but with few visible results so far. The economy had averaged 7% growth in the decade following the 1998 Russian financial crisis, resulting in a doubling of real disposable incomes and the emergence of a middle class. The Russian economy, however, was one of the hardest hit by the 2008-09 global economic crisis as oil prices plummeted and the foreign credits that Russian banks and firms relied on dried up. According to the World Bank the government's anti-crisis package in 2008-09 amounted to roughly 6.7% of GDP. The economic decline bottomed out in mid-2009 and the economy began to grow again in the third quarter of 2009. High oil prices buoyed Russian growth in 2011-12 and helped Russia reduce the budget deficit inherited from 2008-09. Russia has reduced unemployment to a record low and has lowered inflation below double digit rates. Russia joined the World Trade Organization in 2012, which will reduce trade barriers in Russia for foreign goods and services and help open foreign markets to Russian goods and services. At the same time, Russia has sought to cement economic ties with countries in the former Soviet space through a Customs Union with Belarus and Kazakhstan, and, in the next several years, through the creation of a new Russia-led economic bloc called the Eurasian Economic Union. Russia has had difficulty attracting foreign direct investment and has experienced large capital outflows in the past several years, leading to official programs to improve Russia's international rankings for its investment climate. Russia's adoption of a new oil-price-based fiscal rule in 2012 and a more flexible exchange rate policy have improved its ability to deal with external shocks, including volatile oil prices. Russia's long-term challenges also include a shrinking workforce, rampant corruption, and underinvestment in infrastructure.
Exports	$1.46 trillion Ranked 3rd. 3 times more than Russia	$528.00 billion Ranked 8th.
GDP	$3.40 trillion Ranked 5th. 69% more than Russia	$2.01 trillion Ranked 9th.
GDP > Per capita	$34,065.12 per capita Ranked 22nd. 2 times more than Russia	$14,832.60 per capita Ranked 55th.
GDP > Per capita > PPP	$38,700.00 Ranked 17th. 2 times more than Russia	$17,500.00 Ranked 57th.
GDP > Purchasing power parity per capita	$36,196.03 Ranked 19th. 2 times more than Russia	$15,654.30 Ranked 53th.
GDP per capita	$41,514.17 Ranked 18th. 3 times more than Russia	$14,037.03 Ranked 44th.
Gross National Income	$1.94 trillion Ranked 3rd. 8 times more than Russia	$253.00 billion Ranked 17th.
Inflation rate > Consumer prices	2.1% Ranked 157th.	5.1% Ranked 75th. 2 times more than Germany
Population below poverty line	15.5% Ranked 33th. 22% more than Russia	12.7% Ranked 27th.
Public debt	81% of GDP Ranked 27th. 11 times more than Russia	7.7% of GDP Ranked 143th.
Unemployment rate	5.5% Ranked 81st. The same as Russia	5.5% Ranked 83th.
GDP > Composition, by sector of origin > Services	68.6% Ranked 57th. 17% more than Russia	58.4% Ranked 101st.
Exports per capita	$17,828.83 Ranked 16th. 5 times more than Russia	$3,678.60 Ranked 56th.
Distribution of family income > Gini index	27 Ranked 15th.	41.7 Ranked 7th. 54% more than Germany
Human Development Index	0.93 Ranked 20th. 17% more than Russia	0.795 Ranked 61st.
Tourist arrivals > Per capita	302.1 per 1,000 people Ranked 79th. 80% more than Russia	168.27 per 1,000 people Ranked 94th.
GDP > Purchasing power parity	$3.17 trillion Ranked 5th. 27% more than Russia	$2.49 trillion Ranked 6th.
Currency > PPP conversion factor to official exchange rate ratio	1.15 Ranked 10th. 2 times more than Russia	0.49 Ranked 69th.
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
GDP > Composition by sector > Industry	28.1% Ranked 92nd.	37.6% Ranked 41st. 34% more than Germany
Currency > Official exchange rate > LCU per US$, period average	$1.76 Ranked 150th.	$30.84 Ranked 72nd. 18 times more than Germany
Inequality > GINI index	28.31 Ranked 37th.	43.67 Ranked 12th. 54% more than Germany
Imports per capita	$14,922.49 Ranked 15th. 6 times more than Russia	$2,338.83 Ranked 91st.
Gross National Income per capita	$23,558.01 Ranked 14th. 14 times more than Russia	$1,733.48 Ranked 78th.
Tax > Highest marginal tax rate > Individual rate	45% Ranked 10th. 3 times more than Russia	13% Ranked 74th.
Technology index	5.08 Ranked 11th. 39% more than Russia	3.65 Ranked 66th.
Development > Human Development Index	0.92 Ranked 5th. 17% more than Russia	0.788 Ranked 55th.
Population below poverty line > Per capita	0.134% per 1 million people Ranked 36th. 20% more than Russia	0.112% per 1 million people Ranked 24th.
GDP > Per capita > PPP per thousand people	$0.47 Ranked 116th. 4 times more than Russia	$0.12 Ranked 149th.
Exports > Commodities	motor vehicles, machinery, chemicals, computer and electronic products, electrical equipment, pharmaceuticals, metals, transport equipment, foodstuffs, textiles, rubber and plastic products	petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, metals, wood and wood products, chemicals, and a wide variety of civilian and military manufactures
Poverty and inequality > Richest quintile to poorest quintile ratio	4.3 Ranked 18th.	7.6 Ranked 8th. 77% more than Germany
Imports	$1.22 trillion Ranked 3rd. 4 times more than Russia	$335.70 billion Ranked 15th.
Budget > Expenditures	$1.53 trillion Ranked 4th. 4 times more than Russia	$418.00 billion Ranked 12th.
GINI index	28.31 Ranked 37th.	39.93 Ranked 13th. 41% more than Germany
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold per capita	$1,655.60 Ranked 34th.	$3,352.57 Ranked 22nd. 2 times more than Germany
Debt > Net foreign assets > Current LCU	1.56 trillion Ranked 36th.	17.31 trillion Ranked 12th. 11 times more than Germany
Tourist arrivals	24.88 million Ranked 10th. 5% more than Russia	23.68 million Ranked 11th.
Budget > Revenues > Per capita	$17,645.42 per capita Ranked 16th. 8 times more than Russia	$2,114.90 per capita Ranked 58th.
Inbound tourism income > Current US$	$51.23 billion Ranked 5th. 3 times more than Russia	$15.92 billion Ranked 18th.
Tax > Tax rates	28.31 Ranked 47th.	33.54 Ranked 33th. 18% more than Germany
Population below median income > Per $ GDP	3.18e-05 per $10 million Ranked 1st.	0.000143 per $10 million Ranked 1st. 4 times more than Germany
GDP per person	40,669.67 Ranked 17th. 5 times more than Russia	8,684.48 Ranked 52nd.
Exports > Main exports	Motor vehicles, electrical machinery, metals	Oil and oil products, natural gas, wood and wood products, metals, chemicals, weapons and military equipment
Budget > Revenues per capita	$17,070.83 Ranked 13th. 9 times more than Russia	$1,840.03 Ranked 64th.
Debt > External	$5.72 trillion Ranked 3rd. 9 times more than Russia	$631.80 billion Ranked 20th.
Gross domestic savings > Current US$ per capita	7,510.22$ Ranked 15th. 4 times more than Russia	1,838.98$ Ranked 36th.
Central bank discount rate	1.5% Ranked 38th.	8.25% Ranked 7th. 6 times more than Germany
Debt > External > Per capita	$54,477.50 per capita Ranked 10th. 20 times more than Russia	$2,721.79 per capita Ranked 53th.
GDP > Composition by sector > Services	71.1% Ranked 37th. 23% more than Russia	58% Ranked 97th.
Tax > GDP > Constant LCU	2.47 trillion Ranked 43th.	12.63 trillion Ranked 20th. 5 times more than Germany
Tourism > International tourism, number of arrivals per capita	0.347 Ranked 89th. 99% more than Russia	0.174 Ranked 108th.
International tourism > Receipts > Current US$ > Per $ GDP	13.73$ per $1,000 of GDP Ranked 89th. 42% more than Russia	9.69$ per $1,000 of GDP Ranked 98th.
Consumer spending	58.87 Ranked 85th. 9% more than Russia	53.78 Ranked 103th.
Consumer price index	108.28% Ranked 137th.	199.77% Ranked 14th. 84% more than Germany
GDP > Composition by sector > Agriculture	0.8% Ranked 198th.	4.4% Ranked 134th. 6 times more than Germany
GDP per capita > PPP > Current international $	29,461.16 PPP $ Ranked 21st. 3 times more than Russia	10,844.58 PPP $ Ranked 51st.
Industries	among the world's largest and most technologically advanced producers of iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, vehicles, machine tools, electronics, food and beverages, shipbuilding, textiles	complete range of mining and extractive industries producing coal, oil, gas, chemicals, and metals; all forms of machine building from rolling mills to high-performance aircraft and space vehicles; defense industries including radar, missile production, and advanced electronic components, shipbuilding; road and rail transportation equipment; communications equipment; agricultural machinery, tractors, and construction equipment; electric power generating and transmitting equipment; medical and scientific instruments; consumer durables, textiles, foodstuffs, handicrafts
Population below poverty line > Per $ GDP	5.82% per $1 trillion of GD Ranked 37th.	30.08% per $1 trillion of GD Ranked 37th. 5 times more than Germany
GDP > Composition, by end use > Imports of goods and services	-45.9% Ranked 83th. 2 times more than Russia	-22.1% Ranked 14th.
New businesses registered > Number > Per capita	0.809 per 1,000 people Ranked 46th.	3.47 per 1,000 people Ranked 14th. 4 times more than Germany
GDP per capita > Constant LCU	25947.12	68766.06
Balance of payments > Capital and financial account > Foreign direct investment > Net inflows > BoP > Current US	$39.15 billion Ranked 6th. 7% more than Russia	$36.75 billion Ranked 7th.
Labor force	43 Ranked 67th.	75 Ranked 51st. 74% more than Germany
Trade > With US > US imports of bauxite and aluminum	293,979 Ranked 5th.	1.72 million Ranked 2nd. 6 times more than Germany
GDP > Real growth rate	0.9% Ranked 142nd.	3.4% Ranked 92nd. 4 times more than Germany
Debt > Government debt > Gross government debt, share of GDP	81.96 IMF Ranked 25th. 8 times more than Russia	10.88 IMF Ranked 164th.
Debt > Central government debt, total > Current LCU	1.44 trillion Ranked 19th.	5.19 trillion Ranked 10th. 4 times more than Germany
International tourism > Number of arrivals	21.5 million Ranked 10th.	22.2 million Ranked 8th. 3% more than Germany
Economic growth > Per capita	-4.45 Ranked 123th.	-7.82 Ranked 151st. 76% more than Germany
Foreign direct investment > Net > BoP > Current US$ per capita	-182.532 BoP $ Ranked 122nd.	15.73 BoP $ Ranked 82nd.
GDP per capita > Constant 2000 US$	23,905.59 constant 2000 US$ Ranked 17th. 10 times more than Russia	2,444.58 constant 2000 US$ Ranked 67th.
Micro > Small and medium enterprises > Number > Per capita	38.34 per 1,000 people Ranked 10th.	48.15 per 1,000 people Ranked 8th. 26% more than Germany
Economic freedom	72.8 Ranked 19th. 42% more than Russia	51.1 Ranked 139th.
GDP > Official exchange rate per capita	$40,427.05 Ranked 17th. 4 times more than Russia	$10,372.99 Ranked 57th.
Stock of direct foreign investment > At home	$1.31 trillion Ranked 5th. 3 times more than Russia	$497.80 billion Ranked 17th.
Current account balance	$238.50 billion Ranked 1st. 3 times more than Russia	$71.43 billion Ranked 7th.
Agriculture > Products	potatoes, wheat, barley, sugar beets, fruit, cabbages; cattle, pigs, poultry	grain, sugar beets, sunflower seed, vegetables, fruits; beef, milk
Trade > Imports per capita	$13,695.79 Ranked 13th. 8 times more than Russia	$1,666.56 Ranked 72nd.
Currency	euro	Russian ruble
Current account balance > BoP > Current US$ per capita	1,407 BoP $ Ranked 15th. 2 times more than Russia	581.1 BoP $ Ranked 22nd.
GNI per capita	$44,230.00 Ranked 18th. 4 times more than Russia	$10,650.00 Ranked 47th.
GDP > Purchasing power parity > Per capita	$34,065.12 per capita Ranked 22nd. 2 times more than Russia	$14,832.60 per capita Ranked 55th.
Companies > Listed domestic companies, total	665 Ranked 16th. 2 times more than Russia	276 Ranked 32nd.
Trade > Exports per capita	$16,349.35 Ranked 15th. 6 times more than Russia	$2,645.57 Ranked 53th.
Business > Companies > Corporate governance (overall rating)	5.8 Ranked 12th. 49% more than Russia	3.9 Ranked 30th.
Current account balance per capita	$1,984.67 Ranked 13th. 4 times more than Russia	$483.53 Ranked 26th.
Tourism > International tourism, number of arrivals	28.37 million Ranked 9th. 14% more than Russia	24.93 million Ranked 10th.
Gross national saving	24.3% of GDP Ranked 52nd.	29.5% of GDP Ranked 26th. 21% more than Germany
Tax > GDP > Constant LCU per capita	30,183.88 Ranked 97th.	87,995.22 Ranked 63th. 3 times more than Germany
Retail > Gross value added by wholesale, retail trade, restaurants and hotels	329.7 billion Ranked 8th.	357.6 billion Ranked 5th. 8% more than Germany
Companies > Market capitalization of listed companies > Current US$ per capita	$18,150.17 Ranked 25th. 3 times more than Russia	$6,093.79 Ranked 42nd.
Market capitalization of listed companies > Current US$ per capita	14,808.52$ Ranked 30th. 60% more than Russia	9,276.02$ Ranked 11th.
Household final > Consumption expenditure > Current US$ per capita	20,089.23$ Ranked 7th. 8 times more than Russia	2,564.72$ Ranked 53th.
Budget > Expenditures per capita	$18,538.24 Ranked 12th. 8 times more than Russia	$2,395.55 Ranked 57th.
Reserves > Total reserves > Includes gold, current US$	$248.86 billion Ranked 12th.	$537.82 billion Ranked 5th. 2 times more than Germany
Stock of broad money	None	None
Exchange rates	euros (EUR) per US dollar -<br />0.78 (2012 est.)<br />0.72 (2011 est.)<br />0.76 (2010 est.)<br />0.72 (2009 est.)<br />0.68 (2008 est.)	Russian rubles (RUB) per US dollar -<br />30.84 (2012 est.)<br />29.38 (2011 est.)<br />30.37 (2010 est.)<br />31.74 (2009)<br />24.85 (2008)
Debt > External per capita	$54,566.65 Ranked 11th. 20 times more than Russia	$2,707.95 Ranked 53th.
Size of economy > Share of world GDP	5.83% Ranked 3rd. 7 times more than Russia	0.79% Ranked 18th.
Gross fixed capital formation > Current US$ > Per $ GDP	0.171$ per $1 of GDP Ranked 123th.	0.182$ per $1 of GDP Ranked 116th. 6% more than Germany
Exports > Partners	France 10.1%, UK 7.1%, Netherlands 6.9%, US 6.3%, Austria 5.6%, Italy 5.4%, China 5.1%, Switzerland 4.7%, Belgium 4.3%, Poland 4.1%	Netherlands 14.4%, China 6.4%, Italy 5.3%, Germany 4.5%
GDP > Official exchange rate	$3.38 trillion Ranked 4th. 69% more than Russia	$2.00 trillion Ranked 8th.
GDP per capita > PPP > Constant 2000 international $	26,210.31 PPP 2000 $ Ranked 21st. 3 times more than Russia	9,647.96 PPP 2000 $ Ranked 51st.
Investment > Gross fixed	17.8% of GDP Ranked 116th.	23.2% of GDP Ranked 58th. 30% more than Germany
Interest rate spread > Lending rate minus deposit rate	7.04% Ranked 75th. 5% more than Russia	6.69% Ranked 64th.
Income receipts > BoP > Current US$ per capita	2,093.93 BoP $ Ranked 21st. 17 times more than Russia	125.32 BoP $ Ranked 61st.
Bank liquid > Reserves to bank assets ratio	1.18 Ranked 152nd.	11.91 Ranked 68th. 10 times more than Germany
Tax > Highest marginal tax rate > Corporate rate	29.44% Ranked 44th. 47% more than Russia	20% Ranked 81st.
Stock of narrow money	None	None
GDP > Composition, by sector of origin > Industry	30.5% Ranked 74th.	37.5% Ranked 43th. 23% more than Germany
Debt > Net domestic credit > Current LCU	3.27 trillion Ranked 35th.	26.58 trillion Ranked 12th. 8 times more than Germany
Trade > Exports > Exports of goods and services > Constant 2000 US$ per capita	$19,581.92 Ranked 15th. 9 times more than Russia	$2,238.61 Ranked 53th.
Government spending	398.05 billion Ranked 4th. 9 times more than Russia	46.59 billion Ranked 19th.
Net current transfers from abroad > Constant LCU	-26161080000	-14458190000
Foreign direct investment > Net inflows > BoP > Current US$ per capita	388.44 BoP $ Ranked 34th. 4 times more than Russia	105.84 BoP $ Ranked 70th.
GDP > Current LCU	2247400000000	21598000000000
High-technology > Exports > Current US$ > Per capita	$1.97 million per 1,000 people Ranked 11th. 54 times more than Russia	$36,298.68 per 1,000 people Ranked 53th.
GDP > Composition, by sector of origin > Agriculture	0.8% Ranked 200th.	4.2% Ranked 131st. 5 times more than Germany
Savings > Gross domestic savings > Current US$ per capita	$9,705.48 Ranked 16th. 2 times more than Russia	$4,671.39 Ranked 34th.
Tax > Tax payments > Number	9 Ranked 150th. 29% more than Russia	7 Ranked 174th.
Real interest rate	8.13% Ranked 81st.	-7.49% Ranked 124th.
Royalty and license fees > Receipts > BoP > Current US$ > Per $ GDP	2,442.82 BoP $ per $1 million of Ranked 19th. 7 times more than Russia	340.7 BoP $ per $1 million of Ranked 47th.
Gross domestic savings	713.91 billion Ranked 5th. 2 times more than Russia	321.44 billion Ranked 10th.
Inflation	106.97 Ranked 154th.	152.32 Ranked 18th. 42% more than Germany
Investment > External financial assets per capita	€60,876.97 Ranked 18th. 19 times more than Russia	€3,178.94 Ranked 45th.
Outbound tourist spending	103.39 billion Ranked 3rd. 4 times more than Russia	28.12 billion Ranked 10th.
Income > GNI per capita, PPP > Current international $	$42,230.00 Ranked 13th. 86% more than Russia	$22,720.00 Ranked 37th.
Income > GNI, PPP > Current international $ per capita	$42,229.62 Ranked 13th. 86% more than Russia	$22,716.89 Ranked 37th.
IKEA > First store opening year	1974	2000
GDP > By type of expenditure > Household consumption expenditure per capita	24,066.62 Ranked 18th. 3 times more than Russia	6,959.57 Ranked 71st.
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold	$248.90 billion Ranked 12th.	$537.60 billion Ranked 4th. 2 times more than Germany
Size of economy > GDP > GDP growth	0.671% Ranked 142nd.	3.44% Ranked 85th. 5 times more than Germany
GDP > Constant 2000 US$	1.97 trillion constant 2000 US$ Ranked 3rd. 6 times more than Russia	349.85 billion constant 2000 US$ Ranked 16th.
International tourism > Expenditures > Current US$ per capita	973.4$ Ranked 13th. 7 times more than Russia	131.3$ Ranked 51st.
Purchasing power parity conversion factor > LCU per international $	0.92	13.92
Micro > Small and medium enterprises > Number	3.16 million Ranked 3rd.	6.89 million Ranked 1st. 2 times more than Germany
GDP > Composition, by end use > Household consumption	57.4% Ranked 127th. 17% more than Russia	49.2% Ranked 159th.
Current transfers > Receipts > BoP > Current US$	22.06 billion BoP $ Ranked 5th. 5 times more than Russia	4.69 billion BoP $ Ranked 29th.
Innovation > Patent applications, residents per million	574.42 Ranked 4th. 3 times more than Russia	185.33 Ranked 17th.
Tax > Taxes on income, profits and capital gains > Current LCU	117.24 billion Ranked 43th.	304.6 billion Ranked 25th. 3 times more than Germany
Debt > Net current transfers from abroad > Current LCU	-33,700,000,000 Ranked 124th.	106.65 billion Ranked 35th.
Saving rate	21.45 Ranked 45th.	22.66 Ranked 34th. 6% more than Germany
GDP > PPP > Constant 2000 international $ per capita	26,210.31 PPP 2000 $ Ranked 20th. 3 times more than Russia	9,645.5 PPP 2000 $ Ranked 50th.
International tourism > Number of departures	77.4 million Ranked 1st. 3 times more than Russia	28.42 million Ranked 6th.
Consumption > Consumption by sector > Equals: Household final consumption expenditure	2.06 trillion USD Ranked 2nd. 2 times more than Russia	857.56 billion USD Ranked 7th.
Debt > Central government debt, total > Current LCU per capita	17,634.07 Ranked 36th.	36,335.34 Ranked 21st. 2 times more than Germany
Net income > BoP > Current US$ > Per capita	129,457.96 BoP $ per 1,000 people Ranked 12th.	-133,534.619 BoP $ per 1,000 people Ranked 86th.
GDP > CIA Factbook	$2.27 trillion Ranked 5th. 77% more than Russia	$1.28 trillion Ranked 10th.
Poverty and inequality > Poorest's share in national income or consumption	8.52% Ranked 9th. 32% more than Russia	6.46% Ranked 16th.
Investment > External financial assets	€4.94 trillion Ranked 5th. 11 times more than Russia	€453 billion Ranked 25th.
Debt > Net foreign assets > Current LCU per capita	19,016.21 Ranked 78th.	120,629.4 Ranked 35th. 6 times more than Germany
Tax > GDP > Current LCU	2.67 trillion Ranked 63th.	62.6 trillion Ranked 15th. 23 times more than Germany
Tax > Average time to clear customs > Days	4.02 days Ranked 13th.	7.18 days Ranked 1st. 79% more than Germany
GDP > PPP per capita	$28,186.30 Ranked 19th. 3 times more than Russia	$9,792.19 Ranked 53th.
GNI	3.38 trillion Ranked 5th. 3 times more than Russia	1.19 trillion Ranked 13th.
GDP > PPP	$2.33 trillion Ranked 5th. 65% more than Russia	$1.41 trillion Ranked 10th.
Market capitalization of listed companies > Current US$	1.22 trillion$ Ranked 6th.	1.32 trillion$ Ranked 2nd. 8% more than Germany
Companies > Listed domestic companies, total per million	8.12 Ranked 60th. 4 times more than Russia	1.92 Ranked 91st.
Tax > GDP > Current US$ per capita	$41,862.71 Ranked 19th. 3 times more than Russia	$14,037.02 Ranked 47th.
Trade > Exports to US	$15.95 billion Ranked 5th. 7 times more than Russia	$2.17 billion Ranked 27th.
Industrial production growth rate	-0.2% Ranked 129th.	3.1% Ranked 81st.
Purchasing power parity > GDP per capita > PPP > Current international $	$36,267.41 Ranked 17th. 91% more than Russia	$18,962.61 Ranked 40th.
World trade > Exports	1.36 trillion Ranked 3rd. 4 times more than Russia	341.65 billion Ranked 13th.
Labor force > By occupation > Agriculture	1.6% Ranked 174th.	7.9% Ranked 127th. 5 times more than Germany
Tourist arrivals by region of origin > Europe	16.1 million Ranked 8th.	19.69 million Ranked 5th. 22% more than Germany
Bank capital to assets ratio	4.4% Ranked 75th.	12.5% Ranked 4th. 3 times more than Germany
Labor force > By occupation > Services	73.8% Ranked 5th. 14% more than Russia	64.7% Ranked 12th.
Companies > Stock market > Stocks traded, total value > Current US$ per capita	$14,965.59 Ranked 19th. 3 times more than Russia	$5,101.56 Ranked 28th.
Lending interest rate	9.7% Ranked 102nd.	10.68% Ranked 75th. 10% more than Germany
Industrial > Production growth rate	9% Ranked 23th. 8% more than Russia	8.3% Ranked 28th.
Tax > Taxes on income, profits and capital gains > Current LCU per capita	1,433.29 Ranked 72nd.	2,130.67 Ranked 61st. 49% more than Germany
Tax > GDP per capita > Constant LCU	30,183.88 Ranked 97th.	87,995.22 Ranked 63th. 3 times more than Germany
Spending > Household final consumption expenditure per capita > Constant 2000 US$	$21,142.54 Ranked 14th. 5 times more than Russia	$4,259.77 Ranked 44th.
Income > GDP per capita, PPP > Current international $	$41,244.75 Ranked 18th. 76% more than Russia	$23,500.96 Ranked 47th.
Business > Companies > Specific companies > IKEA > Debut	1,974 Ranked 43th.	2,000 Ranked 19th. 1% more than Germany
Currency > Real effective exchange rate index > 2005 = 100	93.05 Ranked 82nd.	133.95 Ranked 9th. 44% more than Germany
Net domestic credit > Current LCU	3050903000000	4460766000000
International tourism > Receipts > Current US$ per capita	465.4$ Ranked 39th. 9 times more than Russia	51.71$ Ranked 81st.
Retail > Gross value added by wholesale, retail trade, restaurants and hotels per capita	4,026.09 Ranked 41st. 62% more than Russia	2,491.43 Ranked 57th.
GDP > By type of expenditure > Household consumption expenditure	1.97 trillion Ranked 3rd. 97% more than Russia	998.93 billion Ranked 10th.
Household spending per capita	14,106.6 Ranked 13th. 8 times more than Russia	1,763.85 Ranked 53th.
Commercial bank prime lending rate	3.07% Ranked 171st.	9.1% Ranked 97th. 3 times more than Germany
Companies > Market capitalization of listed companies > Current US$	$1.49 trillion Ranked 8th. 70% more than Russia	$874.66 billion Ranked 16th.
Current account balance > BoP > Current US$	116.03 billion BoP $ Ranked 3rd. 39% more than Russia	83.18 billion BoP $ Ranked 5th.
Trade > Imports	$1.12 trillion Ranked 3rd. 5 times more than Russia	$237.30 billion Ranked 18th.
Currency > Real effective exchange rate index	106.92% Ranked 45th.	149.25% Ranked 1st. 40% more than Germany
Currency > Official exchange rate > LCU per US$ > Period average	0.8	28.28
GDP > CIA Factbook per capita	$27,515.87 Ranked 17th. 3 times more than Russia	$8,865.87 Ranked 56th.
Oil > Exports	470,200 bbl/day Ranked 29th.	7.3 million bbl/day Ranked 2nd. 16 times more than Germany
GDP > Composition, by end use > Exports of goods and services	51.9% Ranked 63th. 75% more than Russia	29.7% Ranked 123th.
Purchasing power parity > GNI per capita > PPP > Current international $	$36,780.00 Ranked 13th. Twice as much as Russia	$18,350.00 Ranked 36th.
Income > Health expenditure per capita, PPP > Constant 2005 international $	$4,371.42 Ranked 9th. 3 times more than Russia	$1,316.32 Ranked 48th.
Consumption > Consumption by sector > Equals: Household final consumption expenditure per capita	25,146.06 USD Ranked 10th. 4 times more than Russia	5,974.63 USD Ranked 33th.
Tax > GDP > Current LCU per capita	32,560.82 Ranked 115th.	436,130.07 Ranked 40th. 13 times more than Germany
Spending > Household final consumption expenditure > Current US$ per capita	$24,081.89 Ranked 13th. 3 times more than Russia	$6,908.00 Ranked 45th.
Debt > Strength of legal rights index > 0=weak to 10=strong per million	0.0855 Ranked 162nd. 4 times more than Russia	0.0209 Ranked 183th.
Oil > Production	147,200 bbl/day Ranked 45th.	10.13 million bbl/day Ranked 2nd. 69 times more than Germany
Economy growth	-4.72 Ranked 134th.	-7.89 Ranked 154th. 67% more than Germany
Trade > Exports > Exports of goods and services	1.77 trillion Ranked 2nd. 3 times more than Russia	597.54 billion Ranked 9th.
Purchasing power parity > Gross domestic product per capita > PPP	32,254.75 Ranked 16th. 2 times more than Russia	13,611.38 Ranked 42nd.
Debt > Interest payments > Current LCU	40.44 billion Ranked 36th.	272.3 billion Ranked 18th. 7 times more than Germany
Innovation	27.2 Ranked 3rd. 32% more than Russia	20.6 Ranked 28th.
Electricity > Consumption per capita	6,631.34 kWh Ranked 25th. 10% more than Russia	6,043.27 kWh Ranked 9th.
Market capitalization of listed companies > Current US$ > Per $ GDP	436.95$ per $1,000 of GDP Ranked 47th.	718.3$ per $1,000 of GDP Ranked 34th. 64% more than Germany
GDP > CIA Factbook > Per capita	$27,513.60 per capita Ranked 18th. 3 times more than Russia	$8,865.87 per capita Ranked 60th.
Household spending	1.16 trillion Ranked 4th. 5 times more than Russia	250.2 billion Ranked 16th.
Income > Household final consumption expenditure, PPP > Constant 2005 international $ per capita	$18,955.22 Ranked 11th. 2 times more than Russia	$8,997.77 Ranked 37th.
GDP > Composition, by end use > Government consumption	19.3% Ranked 55th. 4% more than Russia	18.6% Ranked 59th.
GDP > Per $ GDP	$34,065.12 per $1 of GDP Ranked 22nd. 2 times more than Russia	$14,832.60 per $1 of GDP Ranked 55th.
Spending > Household final consumption expenditure, etc. > Current US$	$1.97 trillion Ranked 5th. 2 times more than Russia	$968.84 billion Ranked 12th.
Entrepreneurship > Starting a Business > Index ranking	47 Ranked 108th. 52% more than Russia	31 Ranked 124th.
GNI > Current US$ per capita	33,947.31$ Ranked 16th. 7 times more than Russia	5,204.22$ Ranked 51st.
Gross domestic savings > Current US$	619.36 billion$ Ranked 2nd. 2 times more than Russia	263.25 billion$ Ranked 7th.
GDP > Constant 2000 US$ per capita	23,905.59 constant 2000 US$ Ranked 18th. 10 times more than Russia	2,443.96 constant 2000 US$ Ranked 68th.
Trade > Exports	$1.34 trillion Ranked 2nd. 4 times more than Russia	$376.70 billion Ranked 12th.
Purchasing power parity > GDP > PPP > Current international $	$2.97 trillion Ranked 6th. 10% more than Russia	$2.69 trillion Ranked 7th.
Entrepreneurship > Hiring and Firing > Index ranking	131 Ranked 24th. 2 times more than Russia	57 Ranked 97th.
Income > GDP, PPP > Current international $ per capita	$41,244.75 Ranked 18th. 76% more than Russia	$23,500.96 Ranked 47th.
Total > Reserves in months of imports	1.06 Ranked 117th.	10.84 Ranked 5th. 10 times more than Germany
Imports > Commodities	machinery, data processing equipment, vehicles, chemicals, oil and gas, metals, electric equipment, pharmaceuticals, foodstuffs, agricultural products	machinery, vehicles, pharmaceutical products, plastic, semi-finished metal products, meat, fruits and nuts, optical and medical instruments, iron, steel
Debt > Banks > Automated teller machines > ATMs > Per 100,000 adults	118.77 Ranked 10th.	182 Ranked 3rd. 53% more than Germany
Inflation > Consumer price index > 2005 = 100	112.62 Ranked 166th.	185.44 Ranked 33th. 65% more than Germany
Gross domestic savings > Current US$ > Per $ GDP	221.6$ per $1,000 of GDP Ranked 52nd.	344.69$ per $1,000 of GDP Ranked 22nd. 56% more than Germany
GDP > Constant LCU	2139844000000	9841362000000
Poverty and inequality > Inequality adjusted income index	0.741 Ranked 10th. 15% more than Russia	0.647 Ranked 27th.
Trade > Export growth	7.76 Ranked 47th.	-4.7 Ranked 37th.
Welfare > Revenue, excluding grants > Current LCU	755.34 billion Ranked 35th.	17.52 trillion Ranked 8th. 23 times more than Germany
Welfare > Social contributions > Current LCU	416.57 billion Ranked 13th.	3.49 trillion Ranked 4th. 8 times more than Germany
Labor force per thousand people	0.00053 Ranked 101st. 1% more than Russia	0.000526 Ranked 102nd.
Business efficiency	67.84 Ranked 21st. 56% more than Russia	43.59 Ranked 45th.
Trade > Imports > Imports of goods and services	1.57 trillion Ranked 2nd. 3 times more than Russia	449.42 billion Ranked 12th.
GDP > Median household income (PPP)	$40,666.00 Ranked 18th. 3 times more than Russia	$14,303.00 Ranked 47th.
Household final > Consumption expenditure per capita > Constant 2000 US$	13,863.15 constant 2000 US$ Ranked 9th. 11 times more than Russia	1,315.92 constant 2000 US$ Ranked 57th.
Public institution index	6.21 Ranked 11th. 75% more than Russia	3.54 Ranked 86th.
GNI > Atlas method > Current US$ per capita	34,869.17$ Ranked 14th. 8 times more than Russia	4,457.35$ Ranked 56th.
Income > GNI, PPP > Current international $	$3.46 trillion Ranked 6th. 6% more than Russia	$3.26 trillion Ranked 7th.
Income > Household final consumption expenditure, PPP > Constant 2005 international $	$1.55 trillion Ranked 6th. 20% more than Russia	$1.29 trillion Ranked 7th.
Income > GDP, PPP > Current international $	$3.38 trillion Ranked 6th. About the same as Russia	$3.37 trillion Ranked 7th.
Currency > Monetary unit	1 euro = 100 cents	1 rouble = 100 kopecks
Budget > Expenditures > Per $ GDP	$0.46 per $1 of GDP Ranked 21st. 3 times more than Russia	$0.16 per $1 of GDP Ranked 126th.
Taxes and other revenues	45.4% of GDP Ranked 20th. 2 times more than Russia	20.8% of GDP Ranked 142nd.
Patents granted	235 per million people Ranked 5th. 79% more than Russia	131 per million people Ranked 12th.
Balance of payments > Financial > Reserves	-12,355,700,134.52 Ranked 133th.	6.53 billion Ranked 15th.
Balance of payments > Current account > Goods > Services and income > Exports > Goods and services > Current U	$1.38 trillion Ranked 3rd. 4 times more than Russia	$344.91 billion Ranked 13th.
Balance of payments > Current account > Balances > Current account balance > Current US$	$165.47 billion Ranked 2nd. 3 times more than Russia	$49.43 billion Ranked 5th.
Oil > Proved reserves	276 million bbl Ranked 54th.	60 billion bbl Ranked 8th. 217 times more than Germany
Companies > Ease of doing business index > 1=most business-friendly regulations	21 Ranked 169th.	92 Ranked 97th. 4 times more than Germany
Natural gas > Production	12.65 billion cu m Ranked 20th.	610.1 billion cu m Ranked 2nd. 48 times more than Germany
GDP deflator	105.03 Ranked 161st.	219.46 Ranked 64th. 2 times more than Germany
New businesses registered > Number	66,747 Ranked 15th.	489,955 Ranked 1st. 7 times more than Germany
Oil > Consumption	2.5 million bbl/day Ranked 8th.	2.94 million bbl/day Ranked 5th. 18% more than Germany
Tourism > International tourism, receipts > Current US$	$53.41 billion Ranked 5th. 3 times more than Russia	$17.03 billion Ranked 21st.
Electricity > Consumption	544.5 billion kWh Ranked 7th.	857.6 billion kWh Ranked 2nd. 58% more than Germany
Spending > Final consumption expenditure > Constant 2000 US$ per capita	$28,261.75 Ranked 17th. 5 times more than Russia	$5,360.13 Ranked 42nd.
Currency > GDP > Constant 2000 US$ per capita	$37,536.54 Ranked 16th. 5 times more than Russia	$6,834.00 Ranked 62nd.
Tax > GDP > Current US$	$3.43 trillion Ranked 5th. 70% more than Russia	$2.01 trillion Ranked 9th.
Net trade in goods and services > BoP > Current US$	141.35 billion BoP $ Ranked 1st. 37% more than Russia	103.42 billion BoP $ Ranked 3rd.
Portfolio investment > Excluding LCFAR > BoP > Current US$	-512,477,000,000 BoP $ Ranked 117th. 52 times more than Russia	-9,812,080,000 BoP $ Ranked 89th.
Net capital account > BoP > Current US$	-1,688,664,000 BoP $ Ranked 110th.	-12,764,060,000 BoP $ Ranked 115th. 8 times more than Germany
Budget > Expenditures > Per capita	$17,633.28 per capita Ranked 16th. 10 times more than Russia	$1,853.19 per capita Ranked 63th.
GDP > Composition, by end use > Investment in inventories	-0.4% Ranked 152nd.	2.6% Ranked 23th.
Tourist arrivals by region of origin > Africa	144,391 Ranked 23th. 5 times more than Russia	26,909 Ranked 59th.
Steel > Production	32.7 million tonnes Ranked 8th.	59.9 million tonnes Ranked 4th. 83% more than Germany
Purchasing power parity > GNI > PPP > Current international $	$3.01 trillion Ranked 6th. 16% more than Russia	$2.60 trillion Ranked 7th.
Debt > External > Per $ GDP	$1,343.11 per $1,000 of GDP Ranked 12th. 5 times more than Russia	$286.04 per $1,000 of GDP Ranked 86th.
GNI > PPP > Current international $	2.43 trillion PPP $ Ranked 5th. 61% more than Russia	1.51 trillion PPP $ Ranked 10th.
Trade > With US > US imports of bauxite and aluminum per 1000	3.56 Ranked 14th.	11.94 Ranked 8th. 3 times more than Germany
High-technology > Exports > Current US$	$162.42 billion Ranked 4th. 32 times more than Russia	$5.11 billion Ranked 31st.
Stock of direct foreign investment > Abroad	$1.79 trillion Ranked 3rd. 5 times more than Russia	$387.20 billion Ranked 18th.
Oil > Exports per thousand people	5.74 bbl/day Ranked 58th.	51.45 bbl/day Ranked 23th. 9 times more than Germany
Overall productivity > PPP	$54,047.80 Ranked 16th. 3 times more than Russia	$16,114.30 Ranked 42nd.
Final > Consumption expenditure > Etc. > Current US$	2.18 trillion$ Ranked 1st. 4 times more than Russia	500.47 billion$ Ranked 11th.
Gross National Income > Constant LCU	2154451000000	11211450000000
GDP > Constant 2000 US$ > Per capita	23,905.59 constant 2000 US$ per c Ranked 17th. 10 times more than Russia	2,444.58 constant 2000 US$ per c Ranked 67th.
Deposit interest rate	2.65% Ranked 131st.	3.99% Ranked 69th. 51% more than Germany
National accounts > US$ at constant 2000 prices > Aggregate indicators > GDP per capita > Constant 2000 US$	$24,409.54 Ranked 19th. 9 times more than Russia	$2,805.42 Ranked 70th.
Income > GDP per capita, PPP > Constant 2005 international $	$34,819.17 Ranked 17th. 2 times more than Russia	$15,177.27 Ranked 55th.
Scientific and technical journals > Articles published	44,407.9 Ranked 6th. 3 times more than Russia	13,952.7 Ranked 14th.
Net income > BoP > Current US$	10.68 billion BoP $ Ranked 6th.	-19,110,620,000 BoP $ Ranked 133th.
Goods imports > BoP > Current US$	782.82 billion BoP $ Ranked 2nd. 6 times more than Russia	125.3 billion BoP $ Ranked 17th.
Foreign direct investment > Net > BoP > Current US$ > Per capita	-182,532.309 BoP $ per 1,000 people Ranked 124th.	15,729.9 BoP $ per 1,000 people Ranked 83th.
GDP per unit of energy use	6.17 PPP 2000 $/kg of oil eq. Ranked 35th. 3 times more than Russia	2.04 PPP 2000 $/kg of oil eq. Ranked 110th.
Oil > Consumption per thousand people	30.51 bbl/day Ranked 57th. 48% more than Russia	20.63 bbl/day Ranked 77th.
Budget > Revenues > Per $ GDP	$0.44 per $1 of GDP Ranked 25th. 88% more than Russia	$0.23 per $1 of GDP Ranked 90th.
Natural gas > Production per capita	154.69 cu m Ranked 24th.	4,284.74 cu m Ranked 6th. 28 times more than Germany
International tourism > Expenditures for travel items > Current US$	$91.69 billion Ranked 2nd. 4 times more than Russia	$24.89 billion Ranked 10th.
Researchers in RandD > Per million people	3,260.92 per million people Ranked 7th.	3,319.32 per million people Ranked 6th. 2% more than Germany
Innovation > Research and development personnel > By sector > Business enterprise sector per thousand people	2.58 Ranked 12th. 85% more than Russia	1.39 Ranked 17th.
Government spending > Subsidies and other transfers > Current LCU	629.49 billion Ranked 26th.	9.49 trillion Ranked 7th. 15 times more than Germany
Government spending > Subsidies and other transfers > Current LCU per capita	7,695.7 Ranked 48th.	66,384.3 Ranked 23th. 9 times more than Germany
Intellectual property > Patents granted	11,719 Ranked 8th.	29,999 Ranked 5th. 3 times more than Germany
Currency > DEC alternative conversion factor > LCU per US$	0.8	28.28
Labor force > By occupation > Industry	24.6% Ranked 43th.	27.4% Ranked 32nd. 11% more than Germany
Stocks traded > Total value > Current US$	1.76 trillion$ Ranked 4th. 3 times more than Russia	514.36 billion$ Ranked 5th.
GDP > Composition, by end use > Investment in fixed capital	17.7% Ranked 145th.	22% Ranked 94th. 24% more than Germany
Trade > Exports > Goods and services	33% Ranked 87th.	46% Ranked 51st. 39% more than Germany
Royalty and license fees > Payments > BoP > Current US$	6.59 billion BoP $ Ranked 7th. 4 times more than Russia	1.59 billion BoP $ Ranked 16th.
Trade > Imports > Goods and services > BoP > Current US$ > Per $ GDP	0.353 BoP $ per $1 of GDP Ranked 90th. 63% more than Russia	0.216 BoP $ per $1 of GDP Ranked 121st.
Foreign direct investment > Net > BoP > Current US$	-15,053,330,000 BoP $ Ranked 129th.	2.25 billion BoP $ Ranked 26th.
Economic importance	26 Ranked 3rd. 6 times more than Russia	4.2 Ranked 15th.
Stock of direct foreign investment > At home per capita	$15,960.47 Ranked 19th. 5 times more than Russia	$3,468.19 Ranked 48th.
Reserves > Total reserves minus gold > Current US$	$67.42 billion Ranked 26th.	$486.58 billion Ranked 4th. 7 times more than Germany
Spending > Final consumption expenditure > Constant 2000 US$	$2.31 trillion Ranked 4th. 3 times more than Russia	$769.36 billion Ranked 14th.
Spending > Household final consumption expenditure > Constant 2000 US$ per capita	$21,142.54 Ranked 14th. 5 times more than Russia	$4,259.77 Ranked 44th.
Savings > Gross domestic savings > Current US$	$794.78 billion Ranked 5th. 19% more than Russia	$670.50 billion Ranked 6th.
World Bank exchange rate	0.72 Ranked 151st.	31.74 Ranked 70th. 44 times more than Germany
Financial sector > Exchange rates and prices > GDP deflator > Base year varies by country	110.5 Ranked 158th.	349.29 Ranked 35th. 3 times more than Germany
Balance of payments > Current account > Balances > Net trade in goods > US$	$188.35 billion Ranked 2nd. 69% more than Russia	$111.59 billion Ranked 3rd.
Trade > Exports > Goods	957.25 billion Ranked 3rd. 5 times more than Russia	191.8 billion Ranked 17th.
Electricity > Production	556.4 billion kWh Ranked 7th.	925.9 billion kWh Ranked 4th. 66% more than Germany
Electricity > Imports per capita	149.93 kWh Ranked 34th. 45% more than Russia	103.09 kWh Ranked 41st.
Gender income ratio	0.5% Ranked 34th.	0.64% Ranked 12th. 28% more than Germany
Gross national expenditure > Current US$ > Per $ GDP	0.95$ per $1 of GDP Ranked 112th. 10% more than Russia	0.864$ per $1 of GDP Ranked 126th.
Household final > Consumption expenditure > Constant 2000 US$ per capita	13,863.15 constant 2000 US$ Ranked 9th. 11 times more than Russia	1,315.59 constant 2000 US$ Ranked 57th.
Gross fixed capital formation > Current US$ per capita	5,800.77$ Ranked 18th. 6 times more than Russia	969.82$ Ranked 50th.
Patent applications > Residents	49,240 Ranked 5th. 78% more than Russia	27,712 Ranked 6th.
GNI > Atlas method > Current US$ > Per capita	34,869.18$ per capita Ranked 15th. 8 times more than Russia	4,458.49$ per capita Ranked 57th.
Income > GDP, PPP > Constant 2005 international $ per capita	$34,819.17 Ranked 17th. 2 times more than Russia	$15,177.27 Ranked 55th.
Income > GNI, PPP > Constant 2005 international $	$2.92 trillion Ranked 6th. 40% more than Russia	$2.08 trillion Ranked 7th.
Income > GNI per capita, PPP > Constant 2005 international $	$35,637.49 Ranked 11th. 2 times more than Russia	$14,514.05 Ranked 33th.
International tourism > Receipts > Current US$	38.38 billion$ Ranked 4th. 5 times more than Russia	7.4 billion$ Ranked 24th.
Oil > Production per thousand people	1.8 bbl/day Ranked 72nd.	71.14 bbl/day Ranked 21st. 40 times more than Germany
Gross savings > Current US$ per capita	7,153.43$ Ranked 9th. 4 times more than Russia	1,700.26$ Ranked 27th.
Innovation > Patent applications, nonresidents per million	152.3 Ranked 13th. 46% more than Russia	104.36 Ranked 23th.
Innovation > Patent applications, residents	46,986 Ranked 6th. 77% more than Russia	26,495 Ranked 7th.
Innovation > Scientific and technical journal articles	45,002.8 Ranked 6th. 3 times more than Russia	14,016.2 Ranked 15th.
GDP > PPP > Current international $ per capita	29,461.15 PPP $ Ranked 20th. 3 times more than Russia	10,841.83 PPP $ Ranked 50th.
Welfare > Revenue, excluding grants > Current LCU per capita	9,234.25 Ranked 63th.	122,567.4 Ranked 25th. 13 times more than Germany
Micro > Small and medium enterprises > Number per 1000	38.34 Ranked 10th.	48.14 Ranked 8th. 26% more than Germany
Transnational corporations > Affiliates	12,042 Ranked 10th. 55% more than Russia	7,793 Ranked 13th.
Tax > Social security contributions	54.74% Ranked 1st. 3 times more than Russia	15.7% Ranked 43th.
Tax > Taxes on income > Profits and capital gains > Current LCU	127.94 billion Ranked 31st.	663.1 billion Ranked 14th. 5 times more than Germany
Oil > Imports per thousand people	32.61 bbl/day Ranked 39th. 108 times more than Russia	0.301 bbl/day Ranked 175th.
Imports > Partners	Netherlands 14.1%, France 7.5%, China 6.7%, Belgium 6.4%, Italy 5.5%, UK 4.9%, Austria 4.4%, Russia 4.4%, Czech Republic 4.1%	China 15.5%, Germany 9.5%, Ukraine 5.5%
Oil > Imports	2.67 million bbl/day Ranked 6th. 62 times more than Russia	42,750 bbl/day Ranked 85th.
Electricity > Production per capita	6,793.46 kWh Ranked 22nd. 4% more than Russia	6,524.56 kWh Ranked 25th.
Market value of publicly traded shares	$1.18 trillion Ranked 9th. 40% more than Russia	$845.40 billion Ranked 6th.
GDP growth > Duration 1975-2000	1.9% Ranked 48th.	-1.2% Ranked 122nd.
Trade balance with US	$-8,563,500,000.00 Ranked 220th. 5 times more than Russia	$-1,680,000,000.00 Ranked 206th.
Trade > Exports > Goods and services > Constant 2000 US$	837.18 billion constant 2000 US$ Ranked 1st. 5 times more than Russia	175.8 billion constant 2000 US$ Ranked 12th.
Household final > Consumption expenditure > Current US$	1.66 trillion$ Ranked 1st. 5 times more than Russia	367.14 billion$ Ranked 11th.
Services > Etc. > Value added > Constant 2000 US$	1.24 trillion constant 2000 US$ Ranked 1st. 7 times more than Russia	175.1 billion constant 2000 US$ Ranked 14th.
Household final > Consumption expenditure > Current US$ > Per capita	20,089.23$ per capita Ranked 7th. 8 times more than Russia	2,565.37$ per capita Ranked 52nd.
Merchandise > Exports > Current US$	969.86 billion$ Ranked 1st. 4 times more than Russia	243.57 billion$ Ranked 13th.
Gross fixed capital formation > Current US$	478.39 billion$ Ranked 2nd. 3 times more than Russia	138.83 billion$ Ranked 11th.
Research and development spending	2.3% Ranked 8th. 2 times more than Russia	1.1% Ranked 27th.
Tax > Time to prepare and pay taxes > Hours	196 Ranked 106th.	320 Ranked 51st. 63% more than Germany
Balance of payments > Capital and financial account > Net errors and omissions > Adjusted > BoP > Current US$	$21.33 billion Ranked 3rd.	$-2,563,673,867.53 Ranked 124th.
Balance of payments > Current account > Goods > Services and income > Exports of goods > Services > Income and wo	$1.61 trillion Ranked 3rd. 4 times more than Russia	$379.70 billion Ranked 14th.
Intellectual property > Patent applications	172,764 Ranked 5th. 5 times more than Russia	31,433 Ranked 10th.
Trade > Imports of goods > Services and income > BoP > Current US$ per capita	13,916.45 BoP $ Ranked 18th. 10 times more than Russia	1,409.49 BoP $ Ranked 82nd.
Foreign direct investment > Net > BoP > Current US$ > Per $ GDP	-5.386 BoP $ per $1,000 of GDP Ranked 111th.	2.95 BoP $ per $1,000 of GDP Ranked 98th.
Royalty and license fees > Payments > BoP > Current US$ per capita	79.9 BoP $ Ranked 19th. 7 times more than Russia	11.13 BoP $ Ranked 47th.
Net income > BoP > Current US$ per million	129.46 million BoP $ Ranked 12th.	-133,500,663.64 BoP $ Ranked 85th.
Commercial service imports > Current US$ > Per capita	2,436.59$ per capita Ranked 23th. 9 times more than Russia	268.77$ per capita Ranked 79th.
Commercial service imports > Current US$	200.94 billion$ Ranked 2nd. 5 times more than Russia	38.47 billion$ Ranked 17th.
Natural gas > Consumption	99.5 billion cu m Ranked 6th.	424.9 billion cu m Ranked 2nd. 4 times more than Germany
Natural gas > Proved reserves per capita	2,146.76 cu m Ranked 64th.	332,750.42 cu m Ranked 8th. 155 times more than Germany
Natural gas > Proved reserves	175.6 billion cu m Ranked 45th.	47.57 trillion cu m Ranked 1st. 271 times more than Germany
External debt > Date of information	30 June 2006	30 June 2006 est.
Micro > Small and medium enterprises > Per 1,000 people	38.34 per 1,000 people Ranked 10th.	48.15 per 1,000 people Ranked 8th. 26% more than Germany
Tourism > International tourism, number of departures	72.3 million Ranked 3rd. 84% more than Russia	39.32 million Ranked 7th.
Tourism > International tourism, receipts for travel items > Current US$ per capita	$475.14 Ranked 63th. 6 times more than Russia	$79.73 Ranked 98th.
Tourism > International tourism, expenditures > Current US$	$100.42 billion Ranked 3rd. 3 times more than Russia	$36.91 billion Ranked 9th.
Companies > Ease of doing business index > 1=most business-friendly regulations per million	0.232 Ranked 180th.	0.773 Ranked 168th. 3 times more than Germany
International tourism > Receipts for travel items > Current US$	$40.02 billion Ranked 7th. 3 times more than Russia	$11.94 billion Ranked 20th.
Tourism receipts > International > Per $ GDP	$13.73 per $1,000 of GDP Ranked 121st. 42% more than Russia	$9.68 per $1,000 of GDP Ranked 133th.
GDP > PPP > Constant 2000 international $ > Per capita	26,210.32 PPP 2000 $ per capita Ranked 21st. 3 times more than Russia	9,647.96 PPP 2000 $ per capita Ranked 51st.
GDP > PPP > Current international $ > Per capita	29,461.16 PPP $ per capita Ranked 21st. 3 times more than Russia	10,844.59 PPP $ per capita Ranked 51st.
Financial sector > Interest rates > Interest rate spread > Lending rate minus deposit rate	7.04% Ranked 74th. 9% more than Russia	6.47% Ranked 48th.
Patent applications > Nonresidents	13,372 Ranked 6th. 36% more than Russia	9,858 Ranked 7th.
International tourism > Expenditures > Current US$	80.28 billion$ Ranked 2nd. 4 times more than Russia	18.8 billion$ Ranked 8th.
Tax > Tax payments > Number per million	0.11 Ranked 178th. 2 times more than Russia	0.0488 Ranked 183th.
Trade > Exports > Per $ GDP	$0.39 per $1 of GDP Ranked 56th. 26% more than Russia	$0.31 per $1 of GDP Ranked 83th.
Purchasing power parity > GDP > PPP > Constant 2005 international $	$2.64 trillion Ranked 6th. 37% more than Russia	$1.93 trillion Ranked 8th.
Purchasing power parity > PPP conversion factor > Private > Consumption > LCU per international $	$0.86 Ranked 134th.	$16.78 Ranked 62nd. 20 times more than Germany
Tourism expenditures > International	$78.55 billion Ranked 2nd. 5 times more than Russia	$16.53 billion Ranked 8th.

SOURCES: CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; CIA World Factbooks 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013; Wikipedia: List of countries by public debt (List) (Public debt , The World Factbook , United States Central Intelligence Agency , accessed on March 21, 2013.); World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; CIA World Factbook 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files. 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Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Human Development Report 2006, United Nations Development Programme; World Tourism Organisation, Yearbook of Tourism Statistics, Compendium of Tourism Statistics and data files.; World Development Indicators database; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics. World Bank World Development Indicators.; World Bank, Development Research Group. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are from the Luxembourg Income Study database. 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World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/14/hdr2013_en_complete.pdf, United Nations Development Programme, 2013. Table 3, p. 152 ff.; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files. World Bank World Development Indicators.; International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, and World Bank and OECD GDP estimates.; IMD International; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; British Broadcasting Corporation 2014; World Development Indicators database. 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Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; International Finance Corporation's micro, small, and medium-size enterprises database (http://www.ifc.org/ifcext/sme.nsf/Content/Resources).; International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments database, supplemented by data from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and official national sources.; FTDWebMaster, Foreign Trade Division, U.S. Census Bureau; Wikipedia: List of countries by public debt (List); International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files. World Bank World Development Indicators.; The Heritage Foundation; Global Stock Markets Factbook; Wikipedia: List of countries by corporate governance; World Tourism Organization, Yearbook of Tourism Statistics, Compendium of Tourism Statistics and data files.; World Bank national accounts data. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division; Global Stock Markets Factbook. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Wikipedia: World distribution of wealth (North America); KPMG's Corporate and Indirect Tax Rate Survey 2009 (www.kpmg.com), and PricewaterhouseCoopers's Worldwide Tax Summaries Online (www.pwc.com).; United Nations, Comtrade database.; World Bank, Doing Business project (http://www.doingbusiness.org/).; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files.; Wikipedia: List of sovereign states by external assets. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Bank, International Comparison Program database.; World Bank, International Comparison Program database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Various sources compiled into Wikipedia's List of IKEA stores; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; The World Bank. Source tables; World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), World Intellectual Property Indicators and www.wipo.int/econ_stat. The International Bureau of WIPO assumes no responsibility with respect to the transformation of these data. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files. World Bank World Development Indicators. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; https://www.allianz.com/v_1380187782000/media/economic_research/publications/specials/en/AGWR2013e.pdf, August 2013, p. 115.; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files. World Bank World Development Indicators. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Bank. 2005. World Development Indicators 2005. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Bank. 2005. World Development Indicators 2005.; US Census Bureau; Source: World Tourism Organization Statistics Database and Yearbook | United Nations World Tourism Organization; Wikipedia: List of countries with IKEA stores; United Nations Statistics Division. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Health Organization National Health Account database (see http://apps.who.int/nha/database/DataExplorerRegime.aspx for the most recent updates).; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Bank, Doing Business project (http://www.doingbusiness.org/). Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Porter, Michael E. and Scott Stern, National Innovative Capacity, Chapter 2.2 in Porter, Michael, and JeffreySachs (eds.), The Global Competitiveness Report 2001-2002, New York: Oxford University Press, 2001, p.104. via ciesin.org; Doing Business, Economy Rankings, 2005.; International Monetary Fund, Financial Access Survey. World Bank World Development Indicators.; United Nations Development Programme. Source tables; IMD International, 2005; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Wikipedia: Median household income (International statistics) (http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.PPPC.RF?order=wbapi_data_value_2012+wbapi_data_value+wbapi_data_value-last&sort=desc); World economic forum - Global Competitiveness Report 2004-2005; WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization). 2001. Intellectual Property Statistics. Publication A. Geneva; International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files.; World Bank national accounts data. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Steel Association: World Crude Steel Production; FTDWebMaster, Foreign Trade Division, U.S. Census Bureau. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. 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March. Washington, DC; World Bank. 2002. World Development Indicators 2002. CD-ROM. Washington, DC; aggregates calculated for the Human Development Report Office by the World Bank; Wikipedia: List of countries by external debt

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