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Environment Stats: compare key data on India & Laos

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Definitions

  • Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$: Adjusted net national income (constant 2000 US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion.
  • CO2 Emissions per 1000: CO2: Total Emissions (excluding land-use) Units: thousand metric tonnes of carbon dioxide. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Current issues: This entry lists the most pressing and important environmental problems. The following terms and abbreviations are used throughout the entry:
  • Ecological footprint: Ecological footprint per capita
    Units: Hectares per Person
  • Forest area > Sq. km > Per capita: Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Marine fish catch: Total marine fish catch
    Units: Metric Tons
  • Marine fish catch per 1000: Total marine fish catch
    Units: Metric Tons. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Pollution perceptions > Air pollution: Air Pollution. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How satisfied are you with the quality of air in this city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Pollution perceptions > Air quality: Air quality. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How satisfied are you with the quality of air in this city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Pollution perceptions > Clean water: Water Quality. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Are you concerned with the water pollution in this city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Pollution perceptions > Drinking water pollution: Drinking Water Pollution and Inaccessibility. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How do you find quality and the accessibility of drinking water?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Pollution perceptions > Water pollution: Water Pollution. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Are you concerned with the water pollution in this city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Proportion of land area under protection: Terrestrial areas protected to total surface area, percentage.
  • Water > Severe water stress: Percent of country's territory under severe water stress
    Units: Percent of Land Area
    Units: This data is derived from the WaterGap 2.1 gridded hydrological model developed by the Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, Germany. The modellers derived, for each country, grid cell by grid cell estimates of whether the water consumption exceeds 40 percent of the water available in that particular grid cell. These were then converted to land area equivalents in order to calculate the percentage of the territory under severe water stress.
  • Pollution perceptions > Noise and light pollution: Noise and Light Pollution. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How concerned are you with noise pollution and light during the night in this city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Endangered species > Mammal species > Number: Mammal species are mammals excluding whales and porpoises. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known."
  • Biodiversity > Mammal species, threatened: Mammal species, threatened. Mammal species are mammals excluding whales and porpoises. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known.
  • Pollution perceptions > Drinking water quality: Drinking Water Quality and Accessibility. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How do you find quality and the accessibility of drinking water?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • CO2 emissions > Kt: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
  • Pollution perceptions > Pollution index: Pollution Index is an estimation of the overall pollution in the city. The biggest weight is given to air pollution, than to water pollution/accessibility, two main pollution factors. Small weight is given to other pollution types.
  • Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Urban and rural: Proportion of the population using improved drinking water sources, total.
  • National parks > Number of parks: Number of parks.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Emissions > CO2 emissions > Metric tons per capita: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring."
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions > Metric tons per capita: CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita). Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
  • Biodiversity > Bird species, threatened: Bird species, threatened. Birds are listed for countries included within their breeding or wintering ranges. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known.
  • Carbon efficiency: Carbon economic efficiency (CO2 emissions per dollar GDP)
    Units: Metric Tons/US Dollar GDP
  • CO2 emissions > Kt per 1000: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Endangered species > Bird species: Birds are listed for countries included within their breeding or wintering ranges. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known."
  • Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$ per capita: Adjusted net national income (constant 2000 US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Total renewable water resources per million: . Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • SO2 emissions per populated area: SO2 emissions per populated land area
    Units: 1000 Metric Tons/Sq. Km. of Populated Land Area
    Units: We obtained the total emissions for each country by summarizing emissions data, originally available as a grid map with 1 degree x 1 degree cells. Air pollution is generally greatest in densely populated areas. To take this into account, we used the Gridded Population of the World dataset available from CIESIN and calculated the total land area in each country inhabited with a population density of greater than 5 persons per sq. km. We then used this land area as a denominator for the emissions data.
  • Biodiversity > Fish species, threatened: Fish species, threatened. Fish species are based on Froese, R. and Pauly, D. (eds). 2008. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kt: CO2 emissions (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
  • CO2 emissions > Kt > Per capita: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Endangered species > Fish species > Number: Fish species are based on Froese, R. and Pauly, D. (eds). 2008. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known."
  • Pollution perceptions > Waste management dissatisfaction: Dissatisfaction with Garbage Disposal. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How satisfied are you with a garbage disposal in the city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Pollution > Climate change > Agrees climate change is caused by human activity: Percentage of population who responded yes when asked if they believed global warming was a result of human activities. In this survey, global warming refers to the current rise in earth's temperature and not climate change as a whole.
  • Water > Percent of water resources used: Proportion of total water resources used, percentage.
  • Endangered species > Higher plant species > Number: Higher plants are native vascular plant species. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known."
  • Pollution > Ozone depleting substance consumption: Consumption of all Ozone-Depleting Substances in ODP metric tons.
  • NOx emissions per populated area: NOx emissions per populated land area
    Units: 1000 Metric Tons/Sq. Km. of Populated Land Area
    Units: We obtained the total emissions for each country by summarizing emissions data, originally available as a grid map with 1 degree x 1 degree cells. Air pollution is generally greatest in densely populated areas. To take this into account, we used the Gridded Population of the World dataset available from CIESIN and calculated the total land area in each country inhabited with a population density of greater than 5 persons per sq. km. We then used this land area as a denominator for the emissions data.
  • Biodiversity richness: Caldecott, J.O., M.D. Jenkins, T. Johnson and B. Groombridge. 1994. Priorities for Conserving Global Species Richness and Endemism. In World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Biodiversity Series No. 3 (N. Mark Collins, ed.) pp. 17. World Conservation Press, Cambridge, UK.
  • Water > Dissolved oxygen concentration: Dissolved oxygen concentration
    Units: Milligrams/Liter
    Units: The country values represent averages of the station-level values for the three year time period 1994-96, exceptwhere data were only available for an earlier time period (1988-1993). The number of stations per country varies depending on country size; number of bodies of water; and level of participation in the GEMS monitoring system. The data from "The Wellbeing of Nations" included a smaller subset of stations representing outfalls of major watersheds. An analysis of a sample of countries with numerous stations found that the data for stations in the subset is broadly comparable to the data for all GEMS stations in those countries.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kt per 1000: CO2 emissions (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Forest area > Sq. km: Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 US$ of GDP: CO2 emissions (kg per 2000 US$ of GDP). Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
  • Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Urban and rural: Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities, total.
  • Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kt: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring."
  • CPIA business regulatory environment rating > 1=low to 6=high per million: CPIA business regulatory environment rating (1=low to 6=high). Business regulatory environment assesses the extent to which the legal, regulatory, and policy environments help or hinder private businesses in investing, creating jobs, and becoming more productive. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Pollution perceptions > Clean, tidy cities: Clean and Tidy. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Do you find city clean and tidy?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Pollution > Ozone depleting substance consumption per million people: Consumption of all Ozone-Depleting Substances in ODP metric tons. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
  • Water > Availability: Water availability per capita (1961-1990 (avg.))
    Units: Thousands Cubic Meters/Person
    Units: This variable measures internal renewable water (average annual surface runoff and groundwater recharge generated from endogenous precipitation)
  • Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Rural: Proportion of the population using improved drinking water sources, rural.
  • Biodiversity > Plant species > Higher, threatened: Plant species (higher), threatened. Higher plants are native vascular plant species. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known.
  • Threatened species: Number of Threatened Species (1990-99)
  • Adjusted net national income > Current US$ per capita: Adjusted net national income (current US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Biodiversity > Number: GEF benefits index for biodiversity is a composite index of relative biodiversity potential for each country based on the species represented in each country, their threat status, and the diversity of habitat types in each country. The index has been normalized so that values run from 0 (no biodiversity potential) to 100 (maximum biodiversity potential)."
  • Adjusted net national income > Current US$: Adjusted net national income (current US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion.
  • Pollution > Climate change > Climate change awareness: Percentage of each country's population who claimed knowing "something" or a "great deal" about climate change when asked: "How much do you know about global warming or climate change?"
  • Pollution perceptions > Urban comfort > Low pollution: Comfortable to Spend Time in the City. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Are you feeling comfortable to spend time in the city because of the pollution?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Biodiversity > GEF benefits index for biodiversity > 0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum: GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum). GEF benefits index for biodiversity is a composite index of relative biodiversity potential for each country based on the species represented in each country, their threat status, and the diversity of habitat types in each country. The index has been normalized so that values run from 0 (no biodiversity potential) to 100 (maximum biodiversity potential).
  • Pollution perceptions > Dirty, untidy cities: Dirty and Untidy. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Do you find city clean and tidy?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 US$ of GDP: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring."
  • Pollution perceptions > Free of noise and light pollution: Quiet and No Problem with Night Lights. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How concerned are you with noise pollution and light during the night in this city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Freshwater > Renewable internal freshwater resources > Total > Billion cubic meters: Renewable internal freshwater resources flows refer to internal renewable resources (internal river flows and groundwater from rainfall) in the country.
  • Acidification: Percentage of country with acidification excedence
    Units: Percent of Land Area
    Units: From a map of acidification excedence, all areas at risk within each country were added together in order to calculate the percentage of the entire country at risk of excedence. See pages 21-22 of the 2001 ESI report for more details on how the acidification excedence map was produced.
  • Freshwater > Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita > Cubic meters: Renewable internal freshwater resources flows refer to internal renewable resources (internal river flows and groundwater from rainfall) in the country. Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita are calculated using the World Bank's population estimates.
  • Pollution > PM10, country level > Micrograms per cubic meter: PM10, country level (micrograms per cubic meter). Particulate matter concentrations refer to fine suspended particulates less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10) that are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing significant health damage. Data for countries and aggregates for regions and income groups are urban-population weighted PM10 levels in residential areas of cities with more than 100,000 residents. The estimates represent the average annual exposure level of the average urban resident to outdoor particulate matter. The state of a country's technology and pollution controls is an important determinant of particulate matter concentrations.
  • Biodiversity and protected areas > Terrestrial protected areas > Number: Terrestrial protected areas are those officially documented by national authorities.
  • CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 PPP $ of GDP: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
  • Proportion of land and marine area under protection: Terrestrial and marine areas protected to total territorial area, percentage.
  • Endangered species protection: Percent of CITES reporting requirements met
    Units: Percent of Requirements Met
    Units: Countries that have not ratified the CITES convention are recorded as having zero percent of their requirements met.
  • Pollution perceptions > Urban discomfort from pollution: Dissatisfaction to Spend Time in the City. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Are you feeling comfortable to spend time in the city because of the pollution?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Biodiversity > GEF benefits index for biodiversity > 0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum per million: GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum). GEF benefits index for biodiversity is a composite index of relative biodiversity potential for each country based on the species represented in each country, their threat status, and the diversity of habitat types in each country. The index has been normalized so that values run from 0 (no biodiversity potential) to 100 (maximum biodiversity potential). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Rural: Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities, rural.
  • Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Urban: Proportion of the population using improved drinking water sources, urban.
  • Pollution perceptions > Waste management satisfaction: Garbage Disposal Satisfaction. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How satisfied are you with a garbage disposal in the city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • CPIA policy and institutions for environmental sustainability rating: Policy and institutions for environmental sustainability assess the extent to which environmental policies foster the protection and sustainable use of natural resources and the management of pollution.
  • Pollution > Climate change > Perceived as threat: Percentage of country's population that perceives climate change as a threat. Results are from a 2008 Gallop Poll.
  • Wildness: Percent of land area having very low anthropogenic impact
    Units: Percent of Land Area
    Units: Global grids for population (GPW), land use (USGS AVHRR based classification from EROS data center), VMAP roads, VMAP railways, VMAP coastlines, VMAP major rivers and the stable lights data were all scored for "wildness". The scores were aggregated and normalized.
  • Forest area > Sq. km per 1000: Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Threatened species > Mammal: Number of threatened mammal species (1997)
  • Known mammal species: Known mammal species (1992-2002).
  • Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Total > Billion cubic meters: Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for agriculture and industry are total withdrawals for irrigation and livestock production and for direct industrial use (including withdrawals for cooling thermoelectric plants). Withdrawals for domestic uses include drinking water, municipal use or supply, and use for public services, commercial establishments, and homes. Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002."
  • Pollution > Carbon dioxide 1999: 1999 total CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel burning, cement production, and gas flaring. Emissions are expressed in thousand metric tons of carbon (not CO2).
  • Breeding birds threatened: Percentage of breeding birds threatened
    Units: Percent of Breeding Birds
    Units: The number of bird species threatened divided by known bird species in the country, expressed as a percentage.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > Kt: CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from solid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of coal as an energy source.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > Kt per 1000: CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from solid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of coal as an energy source. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > Kt per 1000: CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of petroleum-derived fuels as an energy source. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > Kt per 1000: CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of natural gas as an energy source. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > Kt: CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of natural gas as an energy source.
  • Biodiversity and protected areas > Marine protected areas > Number: Marine protected areas are areas of intertidal or subtidal terrain--and overlying water and associated flora and fauna and historical and cultural features--that have been reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclosed environment.
  • Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Urban: Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities, urban.
  • Urban SO2 concentration: Urban SO2 concentration
    Units: Micrograms/m3
    Units: The values were originally collected at the city level. Each nation varied in terms of the number of cities reported, so this data should be used with some caution. Within each country the values have been normalized by city population for the year 1995, then added together to obtain the total concentration for the given country.
  • CPIA business regulatory environment rating > 1=low to 6=high: CPIA business regulatory environment rating (1=low to 6=high). Business regulatory environment assesses the extent to which the legal, regulatory, and policy environments help or hinder private businesses in investing, creating jobs, and becoming more productive.
  • CPIA policy and institutions for environmental sustainability rating > 1=low to 6=high per million: CPIA policy and institutions for environmental sustainability rating (1=low to 6=high). Policy and institutions for environmental sustainability assess the extent to which environmental policies foster the protection and sustainable use of natural resources and the management of pollution. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • CPIA policy and institutions for environmental sustainability rating > 1=low to 6=high: CPIA policy and institutions for environmental sustainability rating (1=low to 6=high). Policy and institutions for environmental sustainability assess the extent to which environmental policies foster the protection and sustainable use of natural resources and the management of pollution.
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Consumption of fixed capital > Current US$: Consumption of fixed capital represents the replacement value of capital used up in the process of production.
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Including particulate emission damage > Current US$: Adjusted net savings are equal to net national savings plus education expenditure and minus energy depletion, mineral depletion, net forest depletion, and carbon dioxide and particulate emissions damage."
  • Pollution > Carbon dioxide 1999 per 1000: 1999 total CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel burning, cement production, and gas flaring. Emissions are expressed in thousand metric tons of carbon (not CO2). Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Freshwater > Withdrawal per million: . Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Emissions > PM10 > Country level > Micrograms per cubic meter: Particulate matter concentrations refer to fine suspended particulates less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10) that are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing significant health damage. Data for countries and aggregates for regions and income groups are urban-population weighted PM10 levels in residential areas of cities with more than 100,000 residents. The estimates represent the average annual exposure level of the average urban resident to outdoor particulate matter. The state of a country's technology and pollution controls is an important determinant of particulate matter concentrations."
  • Known mammal species per million: Known mammal species (1992-2002). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Areas under protection per million: Protected Areas under IUCN management categories I - VI (1992-2003). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Water > Salinisation: Electrical conductivity
    Units: Micro-Siemens/Centimeter
    Units: The country values represent averages of the station-level values for the three year time period 1994-96, except where data were only available for an earlier time period (1988-1993). The number of stations per country varies depending on country size; number of water bodies; and level of participation in the GEMS monitoring system.
  • Areas under protection: Protected Areas under IUCN management categories I - VI (1992-2003)
  • Fertiliser > Consumption: Fertilizer consumption per hectare of arable land
    Units: Hundreds Grams/Hectare of Arable Land
  • Urban NO2 concentration: Urban NO2 concentration
    Units: Micrograms/m3
    Units: The values were originally collected at the city level. Each nation varied in terms of the number of cities reported, so this data should be used with some caution. Within each country the values have been normalized by city population for the year 1995, then added together to obtain the total concentration for the given country.
  • Non-wildness: Percent of land area having very high anthropogenic impact
    Units: Percent of Land Area
    Units: Global grids for population (GPW), land use (USGS AVHRR based classification from EROS data center), VMAP roads, VMAP railways, VMAP coastlines, VMAP major rivers and the stable lights data were all scored for "wildness". The scores were aggregated and normalized.
  • Total natural resources rents > % of GDP: Total natural resources rents (% of GDP). Total natural resources rents are the sum of oil rents, natural gas rents, coal rents (hard and soft), mineral rents, and forest rents.
  • International agreements > Signed but not ratified: The various international environmental agreements which a country has signed but not ratified. Agreements are listed in alphabetical order by the abbreviated form of the full name.
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Carbon dioxide damage > % of GNI: Carbon dioxide damage is estimated to be $20 per ton of carbon (the unit damage in 1995 U.S. dollars) times the number of tons of carbon emitted.
  • Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Agriculture > % of total freshwater withdrawal: Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for agriculture are total withdrawals for irrigation and livestock production. Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002."
  • Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Total > % of internal resources: Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for agriculture and industry are total withdrawals for irrigation and livestock production and for direct industrial use (including withdrawals for cooling thermoelectric plants). Withdrawals for domestic uses include drinking water, municipal use or supply, and use for public services, commercial establishments, and homes. Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002."
  • Pollution perceptions > Green space and parks satisfaction: Quality of Green and Parks. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How satisfied are you with green and parks in the city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net forest depletion > % of GNI: Net forest depletion is calculated as the product of unit resource rents and the excess of roundwood harvest over natural growth.
  • Adjusted net national income > Annual % growth: Adjusted net national income (annual % growth). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion.
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Including particulate emission damage > % of GNI: Adjusted net savings are equal to net national savings plus education expenditure and minus energy depletion, mineral depletion, net forest depletion, and carbon dioxide and particulate emissions damage."
  • Known breeding bird species per million: Known breeding bird mammal species (1992-2002). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > Kt: CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of petroleum-derived fuels as an energy source.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > % of total: CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption (% of total). Carbon dioxide emissions from solid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of coal as an energy source.
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net forest depletion > Current US$: Net forest depletion is calculated as the product of unit resource rents and the excess of roundwood harvest over natural growth.
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Excluding particulate emission damage > % of GNI: Adjusted net savings are equal to net national savings plus education expenditure and minus energy depletion, mineral depletion, net forest depletion, and carbon dioxide. This series excludes particulate emissions damage."
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Energy depletion > Current US$: Energy depletion is equal to the product of unit resource rents and the physical quantities of energy extracted. It covers crude oil, natural gas, and coal."
  • PM10 > Country level > Micrograms per cubic meter: Particulate matter concentrations refer to fine suspended particulates less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10) that are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing significant health damage. Data for countries and aggregates for regions and income groups are urban-population weighted PM10 levels in residential areas of cities with more than 100,000 residents. The estimates represent the average annual exposure level of the average urban resident to outdoor particulate matter. The state of a countryÂ’s technology and pollution controls is an important determinant of particulate matter concentrations.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > % of total: CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption (% of total). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of natural gas as an energy source.
  • Climate change > GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF > Mt of CO2 equivalent: GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (Mt of CO2 equivalent). GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF refers to changes in atmospheric levels of all greenhouse gases attributable to forest and land-use change activities, including but not limited to (1) emissions and removals of CO2 from decreases or increases in biomass stocks due to forest management, logging, fuelwood collection, etc.; (2) conversion of existing forests and natural grasslands to other land uses; (3) removal of CO2 from the abandonment of formerly managed lands (e.g. croplands and pastures); and (4) emissions and removals of CO2 in soil associated with land-use change and management. For Annex-I countries under the UNFCCC, these data are drawn from the annual GHG inventories submitted to the UNFCCC by each country; for non-Annex-I countries, data are drawn from the most recently submitted National Communication where available. Because of differences in reporting years and methodologies, these data are not generally considered comparable across countries. Data are in million metric tons.
  • Pollution perceptions > Green space and parks dissatisfaction: Dissatisfaction with Green and Parks in the City. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How satisfied are you with green and parks in the city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > % of total: CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption (% of total). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of petroleum-derived fuels as an energy source.
  • Water > Phosphorus concentration: Phosphorus concentration
    Units: Milligrams/Liter
    Units: The country values represent averages of the station-level values for the three year time period 1994-96, except where data were only available for an earlier time period (1988-1993). The number of stations per country varies depending on country size; number of bodies of water; and level of participation in the GEMS monitoring system. The data from "The Wellbeing of Nations" included a smaller subset of stations representing outfalls of major watersheds. An analysis of a sample of countries with numerous stations found that the data for stations in the subset is broadly comparable to the data for all GEMS stations in those countries.
  • Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Industry > % of total freshwater withdrawal: Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for industry are total withdrawals for direct industrial use (including withdrawals for cooling thermoelectric plants). Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002."
  • Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Domestic > % of total freshwater withdrawal: Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for domestic uses include drinking water, municipal use or supply, and use for public services, commercial establishments, and homes. Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002."
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net national savings > % of GNI: Net national savings are equal to gross national savings less the value of consumption of fixed capital.
  • Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per PPP $ of GDP: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring."
  • Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2005 PPP $ of GDP: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring."
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net national savings > Current US$: Net national savings are equal to gross national savings less the value of consumption of fixed capital.
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Excluding particulate emission damage > Current US$: Adjusted net savings are equal to net national savings plus education expenditure and minus energy depletion, mineral depletion, net forest depletion, and carbon dioxide. This series excludes particulate emissions damage."
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > Current US$: Particulate emissions damage is calculated as the willingness to pay to avoid mortality attributable to particulate emissions.
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Energy depletion > % of GNI: Energy depletion is equal to the product of unit resource rents and the physical quantities of energy extracted. It covers crude oil, natural gas, and coal."
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Consumption of fixed capital > % of GNI: Consumption of fixed capital represents the replacement value of capital used up in the process of production.
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > % of GNI: Particulate emissions damage is calculated as the willingness to pay to avoid mortality attributable to particulate emissions.
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Mineral depletion > % of GNI: Mineral depletion is equal to the product of unit resource rents and the physical quantities of minerals extracted. It refers to bauxite, copper, iron, lead, nickel, phosphate, tin, zinc, gold, and silver."
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Mineral depletion > Current US$: Mineral depletion is equal to the product of unit resource rents and the physical quantities of minerals extracted. It refers to bauxite, copper, iron, lead, nickel, phosphate, tin, zinc, gold, and silver."
  • Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$, % of GDP: Adjusted net national income (constant 2000 US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
  • Adjusted net national income > Current US$, % of GDP: Adjusted net national income (current US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
  • Climate change > GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF > Mt of CO2 equivalent per million: GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (Mt of CO2 equivalent). GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF refers to changes in atmospheric levels of all greenhouse gases attributable to forest and land-use change activities, including but not limited to (1) emissions and removals of CO2 from decreases or increases in biomass stocks due to forest management, logging, fuelwood collection, etc.; (2) conversion of existing forests and natural grasslands to other land uses; (3) removal of CO2 from the abandonment of formerly managed lands (e.g. croplands and pastures); and (4) emissions and removals of CO2 in soil associated with land-use change and management. For Annex-I countries under the UNFCCC, these data are drawn from the annual GHG inventories submitted to the UNFCCC by each country; for non-Annex-I countries, data are drawn from the most recently submitted National Communication where available. Because of differences in reporting years and methodologies, these data are not generally considered comparable across countries. Data are in million metric tons. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Gross savings > % of GNI: Gross savings are the difference between gross national income and public and private consumption, plus net current transfers."
  • CPIA structural policies cluster average > 1=low to 6=high per million: CPIA structural policies cluster average (1=low to 6=high). The structural policies cluster includes trade, financial sector, and business regulatory environment. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Known breeding bird species: Known breeding bird mammal species (1992-2002).
  • CPIA structural policies cluster average > 1=low to 6=high: CPIA structural policies cluster average (1=low to 6=high). The structural policies cluster includes trade, financial sector, and business regulatory environment.
  • CPIA policies for social inclusion/equity cluster average > 1=low to 6=high: CPIA policies for social inclusion/equity cluster average (1=low to 6=high). The policies for social inclusion and equity cluster includes gender equality, equity of public resource use, building human resources, social protection and labor, and policies and institutions for environmental sustainability.
  • Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > % of GNI: Particulate emissions damage is calculated as the willingness to pay to avoid mortality attributable to particulate emissions.
  • Marine protected areas > % of territorial waters: Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters). Marine protected areas are areas of intertidal or subtidal terrain--and overlying water and associated flora and fauna and historical and cultural features--that have been reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclosed environment.
  • Adjusted savings > Carbon dioxide damage > % of GNI: Carbon dioxide damage is estimated to be $20 per ton of carbon (the unit damage in 1995 U.S. dollars) times the number of tons of carbon emitted.
  • Biodiversity and protected areas > Marine protected areas > % of total surface area: Marine protected areas are areas of intertidal or subtidal terrain--and overlying water and associated flora and fauna and historical and cultural features--that have been reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclosed environment.
  • Biodiversity and protected areas > Terrestrial protected areas > % of total surface area: Terrestrial protected areas are those officially documented by national authorities.
  • Water > Suspended solids: Suspended solids
    Units: Natural Log of Milligrams/Liter
    Units: The country values represent averages of the station-level values for the three year time period 1994-96, exceptwhere data were only available for an earlier time period (1988-1993). The number of stations per country varies depending on country size; number of bodies of water; and level of participation in the GEMS monitoring system. Data from "The Wellbeing of Nations" included a smaller subset of stations representing outfalls of majorwatersheds. An analysis of a sample of countries with numerous stations found that the data for stations in the subset is broadly comparable to the data for all GEMS stations in those countries. The data in this table was transformed using the natural logarithm.
  • CPIA policies for social inclusion/equity cluster average > 1=low to 6=high per million: CPIA policies for social inclusion/equity cluster average (1=low to 6=high). The policies for social inclusion and equity cluster includes gender equality, equity of public resource use, building human resources, social protection and labor, and policies and institutions for environmental sustainability. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Water > Drinking water > Population with improved sanitation > Rural: Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities, rural.
  • Forest area > % of land area: Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not.
  • CO2 Emissions: CO2: Total Emissions (excluding land-use) Units: thousand metric tonnes of carbon dioxide
SHOW ALL
LESS
SHARE TWEET EMBED
STAT India Laos HISTORY
Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$ $1.15 trillion
Ranked 3rd. 356 times more than Laos 		$3.23 billion
Ranked 69th.
CO2 Emissions per 1000 0.922
Ranked 112th. 13 times more than Laos 		0.0734
Ranked 162nd.
Current issues deforestation; soil erosion; overgrazing; desertification; air pollution from industrial effluents and vehicle emissions; water pollution from raw sewage and runoff of agricultural pesticides; tap water is not potable throughout the country; huge and growing population is overstraining natural resources unexploded ordnance; deforestation; soil erosion; most of the population does not have access to potable water
Ecological footprint 0.9
Ranked 47th. 		1.3
Ranked 42nd. 44% more than India
Forest area > Sq. km > Per capita 0.619 km² per 1,000 people
Ranked 161st. 		28.5 km² per 1,000 people
Ranked 24th. 46 times more than India
Marine fish catch 2.24 million tons
Ranked 10th. 		0.0
Ranked 118th.
Marine fish catch per 1000 2.19 tons
Ranked 81st. 		0.0
Ranked 118th.
Pollution perceptions > Air pollution 67.89
Ranked 15th. 		75
Ranked 1st. 10% more than India
Pollution perceptions > Air quality 32.11
Ranked 45th. 28% more than Laos 		25
Ranked 2nd.
Pollution perceptions > Clean water 34.11
Ranked 43th. 9% more than Laos 		31.25
Ranked 2nd.
Pollution perceptions > Drinking water pollution 55.1
Ranked 15th. 38% more than Laos 		40
Ranked 1st.
Pollution perceptions > Water pollution 65.89
Ranked 17th. 		68.75
Ranked 1st. 4% more than India
Proportion of land area under protection 5.21%
Ranked 164th. 		16.68%
Ranked 91st. 3 times more than India
Total renewable water resources 1,907.8 cu km
Ranked 3rd. 6 times more than Laos 		333.6 cu km
Ranked 1st.
Water > Severe water stress 80.2
Ranked 23th. 		0.0
Ranked 114th.
Pollution perceptions > Noise and light pollution 54.8
Ranked 27th. 		75
Ranked 1st. 37% more than India
Endangered species > Mammal species > Number 96
Ranked 3rd. 2 times more than Laos 		46
Ranked 13th.
Biodiversity > Mammal species, threatened 95
Ranked 3rd. 2 times more than Laos 		45
Ranked 14th.
Pollution perceptions > Drinking water quality 44.9
Ranked 45th. 		60
Ranked 2nd. 34% more than India
CO2 emissions > Kt 1.27 million kt
Ranked 4th. 1016 times more than Laos 		1,252.75 kt
Ranked 147th.
Pollution perceptions > Pollution index 74.54
Ranked 14th. 		78.91
Ranked 1st. 6% more than India
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Urban and rural 91.63
Ranked 123th. 32% more than Laos 		69.56
Ranked 168th.
National parks > Number of parks 102
Ranked 3rd. 5 times more than Laos 		21
Ranked 16th.
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Metric tons per capita 1.43
Ranked 115th. 6 times more than Laos 		0.25
Ranked 160th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Metric tons per capita 1.67
Ranked 118th. 6 times more than Laos 		0.293
Ranked 167th.
Biodiversity > Bird species, threatened 80
Ranked 8th. 3 times more than Laos 		24
Ranked 43th.
Carbon efficiency 1.39 CO2 emissions/$ GDP
Ranked 57th. 10 times more than Laos 		0.14 CO2 emissions/$ GDP
Ranked 137th.
CO2 emissions > Kt per 1000 1.16 kt
Ranked 116th. 5 times more than Laos 		0.223 kt
Ranked 160th.
Endangered species > Bird species 76
Ranked 6th. 3 times more than Laos 		23
Ranked 36th.
Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$ per capita $940.20
Ranked 54th. 90% more than Laos 		$495.06
Ranked 64th.
Total renewable water resources per million 1.86 cu km
Ranked 16th. 		59.37 cu km
Ranked 2nd. 32 times more than India
SO2 emissions per populated area 1,150 thousand metric tons/squ
Ranked 47th. 10 times more than Laos 		110 thousand metric tons/squ
Ranked 118th.
Biodiversity > Fish species, threatened 213
Ranked 2nd. 4 times more than Laos 		55
Ranked 28th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kt 2.01 million
Ranked 4th. 1072 times more than Laos 		1,873.84
Ranked 146th.
CO2 emissions > Kt > Per capita 1.2 kt per 1,000 people
Ranked 119th. 5 times more than Laos 		0.228 kt per 1,000 people
Ranked 165th.
Endangered species > Fish species > Number 40
Ranked 23th. 7 times more than Laos 		6
Ranked 167th.
Pollution perceptions > Waste management dissatisfaction 68.43
Ranked 11th. 		90
Ranked 1st. 32% more than India
Pollution > Climate change > Agrees climate change is caused by human activity 53%
Ranked 70th. 		65%
Ranked 35th. 23% more than India
Water > Percent of water resources used 33.88%
Ranked 2nd. 32 times more than Laos 		1.05%
Ranked 78th.
Endangered species > Higher plant species > Number 246
Ranked 11th. 12 times more than Laos 		21
Ranked 66th.
Pollution > Ozone depleting substance consumption 1,484.57
Ranked 6th. 558 times more than Laos 		2.66
Ranked 117th.
NOx emissions per populated area 0.52 thousand metric tons/squ
Ranked 33th. 79% more than Laos 		0.29 thousand metric tons/squ
Ranked 55th.
Biodiversity richness 1
Ranked 36th. 		2
Ranked 33th. Twice as much as India
Water > Dissolved oxygen concentration 6.38 mls/litre
Ranked 104th. 		7.98 mls/litre
Ranked 66th. 25% more than India
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kt per 1000 1.67
Ranked 118th. 6 times more than Laos 		0.293
Ranked 167th.
Forest area > Sq. km 677,010 km²
Ranked 10th. 4 times more than Laos 		161,420 km²
Ranked 34th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 US$ of GDP $1.61
Ranked 19th. 3 times more than Laos 		$0.47
Ranked 92nd.
Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Urban and rural 35.09
Ranked 156th. 		61.52
Ranked 132nd. 75% more than India
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kt 1.61 million
Ranked 4th. 1049 times more than Laos 		1,535.22
Ranked 138th.
CPIA business regulatory environment rating > 1=low to 6=high per million 0.00243
Ranked 80th. 		0.527
Ranked 35th. 217 times more than India
Pollution perceptions > Clean, tidy cities 35.06
Ranked 47th. 17% more than Laos 		30
Ranked 2nd.
Pollution > Ozone depleting substance consumption per million people 1.22
Ranked 103th. 3 times more than Laos 		0.408
Ranked 137th.
Water > Availability 1.56 thousand cubic metres
Ranked 93th. 		40.43 thousand cubic metres
Ranked 12th. 26 times more than India
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Rural 89.5
Ranked 104th. 43% more than Laos 		62.68
Ranked 157th.
Biodiversity > Plant species > Higher, threatened 326
Ranked 9th. 10 times more than Laos 		32
Ranked 65th.
Threatened species 193
Ranked 7th. 3 times more than Laos 		68
Ranked 26th.
Adjusted net national income > Current US$ per capita $1,304.33
Ranked 106th. 39% more than Laos 		$937.81
Ranked 119th.
Biodiversity > Number 39.93
Ranked 8th. 8 times more than Laos 		5.01
Ranked 52nd.
Adjusted net national income > Current US$ $1.59 trillion
Ranked 10th. 260 times more than Laos 		$6.12 billion
Ranked 119th.
Pollution > Climate change > Climate change awareness 35%
Ranked 113th. 		80%
Ranked 38th. 2 times more than India
Pollution perceptions > Urban comfort > Low pollution 37.7
Ranked 45th. 		41.67
Ranked 2nd. 11% more than India
Biodiversity > GEF benefits index for biodiversity > 0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum 39.93
Ranked 8th. 8 times more than Laos 		5.01
Ranked 53th.
Pollution perceptions > Dirty, untidy cities 64.94
Ranked 13th. 		70
Ranked 1st. 8% more than India
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 US$ of GDP $2.08
Ranked 19th. 4 times more than Laos 		$0.56
Ranked 100th.
Pollution perceptions > Free of noise and light pollution 45.2
Ranked 33th. 81% more than Laos 		25
Ranked 2nd.
Freshwater > Renewable internal freshwater resources > Total > Billion cubic meters 1,260
Ranked 10th. 7 times more than Laos 		190.4
Ranked 37th.
Acidification 0.0
Ranked 84th. 		29.22%
Ranked 17th.
Freshwater > Withdrawal 645.84
Ranked 1st. 215 times more than Laos 		3
Ranked 57th.
Freshwater > Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita > Cubic meters 1,105.3
Ranked 124th. 		30,683.25
Ranked 25th. 28 times more than India
Pollution > PM10, country level > Micrograms per cubic meter 51.98
Ranked 38th. 16% more than Laos 		44.72
Ranked 47th.
Biodiversity and protected areas > Terrestrial protected areas > Number 556
Ranked 31st. 22 times more than Laos 		25
Ranked 122nd.
CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 PPP $ of GDP 0.44 kg/PPP$
Ranked 53th. 3 times more than Laos 		0.13 kg/PPP$
Ranked 142nd.
Proportion of land and marine area under protection 5%
Ranked 146th. 		16.68%
Ranked 70th. 3 times more than India
Endangered species protection 100%
Ranked 12th. 		0.0
Ranked 123th.
Pollution perceptions > Urban discomfort from pollution 62.3
Ranked 15th. 7% more than Laos 		58.33
Ranked 1st.
Biodiversity > GEF benefits index for biodiversity > 0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum per million 0.034
Ranked 170th. 		0.816
Ranked 63th. 24 times more than India
Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Rural 23.88%
Ranked 155th. 		48%
Ranked 130th. 2 times more than India
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Urban 96.31
Ranked 125th. 16% more than Laos 		82.78
Ranked 182nd.
Pollution perceptions > Waste management satisfaction 31.57
Ranked 49th. 3 times more than Laos 		10
Ranked 2nd.
CPIA policy and institutions for environmental sustainability rating 3.5
Ranked 9th. The same as Laos 		3.5
Ranked 28th.
Pollution > Climate change > Perceived as threat 29%
Ranked 110th. 		49%
Ranked 59th. 69% more than India
Wildness 1.94%
Ranked 82nd. 		6.21%
Ranked 66th. 3 times more than India
Forest area > Sq. km per 1000 0.601 km²
Ranked 158th. 		27.88 km²
Ranked 22nd. 46 times more than India
Threatened species > Mammal 75
Ranked 3rd. 3 times more than Laos 		30
Ranked 23th.
Known mammal species 390
Ranked 8th. 2 times more than Laos 		172
Ranked 55th.
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Total > Billion cubic meters 645.84
Ranked 1st. 215 times more than Laos 		3
Ranked 61st.
Pollution > Carbon dioxide 1999 293,938
Ranked 4th. 2648 times more than Laos 		111
Ranked 162nd.
Breeding birds threatened 7.56%
Ranked 17th. 94% more than Laos 		3.9%
Ranked 50th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > Kt 1.34 million
Ranked 3rd. 1058 times more than Laos 		1,265.12
Ranked 74th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > Kt per 1000 1.11
Ranked 41st. 6 times more than Laos 		0.198
Ranked 71st.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > Kt per 1000 0.386
Ranked 149th. 6 times more than Laos 		0.0642
Ranked 187th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > Kt per 1000 0.0817
Ranked 96th. 		0.0
Ranked 148th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > Kt 98,458.95
Ranked 15th. 		0.0
Ranked 148th.
Biodiversity and protected areas > Marine protected areas > Number 117
Ranked 11th. 		0.0
Ranked 162nd.
Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Urban 59.73
Ranked 151st. 		87.45
Ranked 110th. 46% more than India
Urban SO2 concentration 27.55 micrograms/m3
Ranked 93th. 		103.19 micrograms/m3
Ranked 24th. 4 times more than India
CPIA business regulatory environment rating > 1=low to 6=high 3
Ranked 38th. 		3.5
Ranked 33th. 17% more than India
CPIA policy and institutions for environmental sustainability rating > 1=low to 6=high per million 0.00323
Ranked 80th. 		0.602
Ranked 34th. 186 times more than India
CPIA policy and institutions for environmental sustainability rating > 1=low to 6=high 4
Ranked 1st. The same as Laos 		4
Ranked 10th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Consumption of fixed capital > Current US$ $97.90 billion
Ranked 15th. 214 times more than Laos 		$457.66 million
Ranked 123th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Including particulate emission damage > Current US$ $278.72 billion
Ranked 4th. 305 times more than Laos 		$913.38 million
Ranked 69th.
Pollution > Carbon dioxide 1999 per 1000 0.287
Ranked 119th. 14 times more than Laos 		0.021
Ranked 170th.
Freshwater > Withdrawal per million 0.62
Ranked 45th. 11% more than Laos 		0.557
Ranked 47th.
Emissions > PM10 > Country level > Micrograms per cubic meter 64.92
Ranked 36th. 33% more than Laos 		48.84
Ranked 53th.
Known mammal species per million 0.362
Ranked 143th. 		31.02
Ranked 29th. 86 times more than India
Areas under protection per million 0.454
Ranked 133th. 		3.56
Ranked 73th. 8 times more than India
Water > Salinisation 4,520.19
Ranked 1st. 19 times more than Laos 		239.07
Ranked 117th.
Areas under protection 497
Ranked 20th. 25 times more than Laos 		20
Ranked 88th.
Fertiliser > Consumption 1,040.09 hundred grams/hectare
Ranked 52nd. 8 times more than Laos 		127.07 hundred grams/hectare
Ranked 106th.
Urban NO2 concentration 29.68 micrograms/m3
Ranked 122nd. 		39.33 micrograms/m3
Ranked 105th. 33% more than India
Non-wildness 10.24%
Ranked 41st. 1024 times more than Laos 		0.01%
Ranked 141st.
Total natural resources rents > % of GDP 7.36%
Ranked 58th. 		16.76%
Ranked 32nd. 2 times more than India
International agreements > Signed but not ratified none of the selected agreements none of the selected agreements
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Carbon dioxide damage > % of GNI 1.16%
Ranked 10th. 5 times more than Laos 		0.24%
Ranked 106th.
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Agriculture > % of total freshwater withdrawal 86.46%
Ranked 35th. 		90%
Ranked 27th. 4% more than India
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Total > % of internal resources 51.24%
Ranked 29th. 32 times more than Laos 		1.58%
Ranked 108th.
Pollution perceptions > Green space and parks satisfaction 49.17
Ranked 42nd. 		50
Ranked 2nd. 2% more than India
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net forest depletion > % of GNI 0.78%
Ranked 22nd. 		0.0
Ranked 92nd.
Adjusted net national income > Annual % growth 6.49%
Ranked 22nd. 24% more than Laos 		5.23%
Ranked 29th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Including particulate emission damage > % of GNI 24.17%
Ranked 8th. 42% more than Laos 		17.07%
Ranked 24th.
Known breeding bird species per million 0.425
Ranked 145th. 		38.23
Ranked 42nd. 90 times more than India
Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > Kt 465,294.63
Ranked 5th. 1133 times more than Laos 		410.7
Ranked 173th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > % of total 66.63%
Ranked 12th. 		67.51%
Ranked 9th. 1% more than India
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net forest depletion > Current US$ $8.96 billion
Ranked 1st. 		0.0
Ranked 101st.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Excluding particulate emission damage > % of GNI 24.64%
Ranked 8th. 40% more than Laos 		17.58%
Ranked 25th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Energy depletion > Current US$ $56.08 billion
Ranked 13th. 		0.0
Ranked 135th.
Freshwater > Withdrawal > Industrial 5%
Ranked 66th. 		6%
Ranked 61st. 20% more than India
PM10 > Country level > Micrograms per cubic meter 71.59 mcg/m³
Ranked 37th. 51% more than Laos 		47.36 mcg/m³
Ranked 68th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > % of total 4.9%
Ranked 97th. 		0.0
Ranked 148th.
Climate change > GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF > Mt of CO2 equivalent 14.29
Ranked 9th. 		-104.304
Ranked 49th.
Pollution perceptions > Green space and parks dissatisfaction 50.83
Ranked 18th. 2% more than Laos 		50
Ranked 1st.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > % of total 23.16%
Ranked 175th. 6% more than Laos 		21.92%
Ranked 178th.
Water > Phosphorus concentration 0.15 mls/litre
Ranked 108th. 		0.45 mls/litre
Ranked 41st. 3 times more than India
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Industry > % of total freshwater withdrawal 5.45%
Ranked 83th. 		5.67%
Ranked 80th. 4% more than India
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Domestic > % of total freshwater withdrawal 8.09%
Ranked 103th. 87% more than Laos 		4.33%
Ranked 117th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net national savings > % of GNI 29.68%
Ranked 19th. 78% more than Laos 		16.64%
Ranked 41st.
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per PPP $ of GDP $0.50
Ranked 34th. 4 times more than Laos 		$0.13
Ranked 149th.
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2005 PPP $ of GDP $0.53
Ranked 35th. 4 times more than Laos 		$0.14
Ranked 149th.
Freshwater > Withdrawal > Agricultural 86%
Ranked 41st. 		90%
Ranked 32nd. 5% more than India
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net national savings > Current US$ $342.33 billion
Ranked 3rd. 385 times more than Laos 		$890.16 million
Ranked 85th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Excluding particulate emission damage > Current US$ $284.13 billion
Ranked 3rd. 302 times more than Laos 		$940.44 million
Ranked 69th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > Current US$ $5.41 billion
Ranked 4th. 200 times more than Laos 		$27.06 million
Ranked 94th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Energy depletion > % of GNI 4.86%
Ranked 41st. 		0.0
Ranked 119th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Consumption of fixed capital > % of GNI 8.49%
Ranked 123th. 		8.55%
Ranked 121st. 1% more than India
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > % of GNI 0.47%
Ranked 37th. 		0.51%
Ranked 32nd. 9% more than India
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Mineral depletion > % of GNI 1.42%
Ranked 23th. 		0.0
Ranked 103th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Mineral depletion > Current US$ $16.41 billion
Ranked 5th. 		0.0
Ranked 125th.
Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$, % of GDP 61.3%
Ranked 27th. 56% more than Laos 		39.24%
Ranked 72nd.
Adjusted net national income > Current US$, % of GDP 85.05%
Ranked 66th. 14% more than Laos 		74.34%
Ranked 119th.
Climate change > GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF > Mt of CO2 equivalent per million 0.0152
Ranked 25th. 		-24.574
Ranked 50th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Gross savings > % of GNI 38.17%
Ranked 20th. 52% more than Laos 		25.19%
Ranked 50th.
CPIA structural policies cluster average > 1=low to 6=high per million 0.00283
Ranked 80th. 		0.502
Ranked 37th. 177 times more than India
Freshwater > Withdrawal > Domestic 8%
Ranked 85th. Twice as much as Laos 		4%
Ranked 101st.
Known breeding bird species 458
Ranked 10th. 2 times more than Laos 		212
Ranked 65th.
CPIA structural policies cluster average > 1=low to 6=high 3.5
Ranked 27th. 5% more than Laos 		3.33
Ranked 44th.
CPIA policies for social inclusion/equity cluster average > 1=low to 6=high 3.7
Ranked 16th. 6% more than Laos 		3.5
Ranked 36th.
Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > % of GNI 0.74% of GNI
Ranked 44th. 6% more than Laos 		0.7% of GNI
Ranked 49th.
Marine protected areas > % of territorial waters 5.81%
Ranked 62nd. 		11.48%
Ranked 46th. 97% more than India
Adjusted savings > Carbon dioxide damage > % of GNI 1.3% of GNI
Ranked 22nd. 4 times more than Laos 		0.37% of GNI
Ranked 84th.
Biodiversity and protected areas > Marine protected areas > % of total surface area 1.46%
Ranked 65th. 		0.0
Ranked 157th.
Biodiversity and protected areas > Terrestrial protected areas > % of total surface area 4.77%
Ranked 139th. 		15.86%
Ranked 69th. 3 times more than India
Water > Suspended solids 6.56 mls/litre
Ranked 24th. 28% more than Laos 		5.13 mls/litre
Ranked 68th.
CPIA policies for social inclusion/equity cluster average > 1=low to 6=high per million 0.00299
Ranked 80th. 		0.527
Ranked 37th. 176 times more than India
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved sanitation > Rural 23.88
Ranked 155th. 		48
Ranked 130th. 2 times more than India
Forest area > % of land area 22.77% of land area
Ranked 114th. 		69.94% of land area
Ranked 12th. 3 times more than India
CO2 Emissions 1.01 million
Ranked 5th. 2443 times more than Laos 		412.6
Ranked 151st.

SOURCES: The Changing Wealth of Nations: Measuring Sustainable Development in the New Millennium; World Resources Institute. 2003. Carbon Emissions from energy use and cement manufacturing, 1850 to 2000. Available on-line through the Climate Analysis Indicators Tool (CAIT) at Washington, DC: World Resources Institute. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), Living Planet Report 2000, Gland, Switzerland: 2000, and Redefining Progress.; World Development Indicators database; FAOSTAT on-line database; FAOSTAT on-line database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; pollution; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008; Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, WaterGap 2.1, 2000 via ciesin.org; United Nations Environmental Program and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre, and International Union for Conservation of Nature, Red List of Threatened Species.; United Nations Environmental Program and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Wikipedia: List of national parks (Africa); Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, United States.; United Nations Environmental Program and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre; Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center; World Development Indicators database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; The Changing Wealth of Nations: Measuring Sustainable Development in the New Millennium. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: Special Report on Emissions Scenarios, Data Version 1.1, B1Illustrative Marker Scenario with model IMAGE; Froese, R. and Pauly, D. (eds). 2008. FishBase database, www.fishbase.org.; Froese, R. and Pauly, D. (eds). 2008. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org. version (07/2008). Accessed: 28 September 2008.; Wikipedia: Climate change opinion by country; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Global Environmental Monitoring System/Water Quality Monitoring System, with data for an additional 29 countries from Prescott-Allen,R. The Well being of Nations, Washington, DC: Island Press, 2001; Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, United States. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; World Bank Group, CPIA database (http://www.worldbank.org/ida). Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, WaterGAP 2.1B, 2001 via ciesin.org; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations World Statistics Pocketbook and Statistical Yearbook; Kiran Dev Pandey, Piet Buys, Ken Chomitz, and David Wheeler's, ""Biodiversity Conservation Indicators: New Tools for Priority Setting at the Global Environment Facility"" (2006).; Kiran Dev Pandey, Piet Buys, Ken Chomitz, and David Wheeler's, "Biodiversity Conservation Indicators: New Tools for Priority Setting at the Global Environment Facility" (2006).; Food and Agriculture Organisation, AQUASTAT data.; Stockholm Environment Institute at York, Acidification in Developing Countries: Ecosystem Sensitivity and the Critical Loads Approach at the Global scale, 2000 via ciesin.org; World Bank, Development Research Group and Environment Department; United Nations Environmental Program and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre, as compiled by the World Resources Institute, based on data from national authorities, national legislation and international agreements.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, Report on National Reports Required Under Article VIII, Paragraph 7(a), of the Convention, Eleventh Meeting of the Conference of the Parties, Gigiri, Kenya, April 2000; Kiran Dev Pandey, Piet Buys, Ken Chomitz, and David Wheeler's, "Biodiversity Conservation Indicators: New Tools for Priority Setting at the Global Environment Facility" (2006). Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Wild Areas Project (WAP), joint Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) and CIESIN project to map the lastwild places on the earth's surface. via ciesin.org; Jacaranda Atlas; World Resources Institute; Gregg Marland, Tom Boden, and Bob Andres, University of North Dakota, via net publication; 2000 IUCN Red List, and World Resources Institute,World Resources 2000-2001, Washington, DC: WRI, 2000. Original sources: World Conservation Monitoring Center, IUCN-The World Conservation Union, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and other sources.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; World Resources Institute, World Resources 1998-99; World Bank, World Development Indicators 2000; WHO,Air Management Information System-AMIS 2.0, 1998; and Global Urban Observatory, Citibase, 1999. via ciesin.org; World Bank Group, CPIA database (http://www.worldbank.org/ida).; World Bank staff estimates using data from the United Nations Statistics Division's National Accounts Statistics.; World Bank staff estimates. The conceptual underpinnings of the savings measure appear in Hamilton and Clemens' ""Genuine Savings Rates in Developing Countries"" (1999).; Gregg Marland, Tom Boden, and Bob Andres, University of North Dakota, via net publication. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Kiren Dev Pandey, David Wheeler, Bart Ostro, Uwe Deichmann, Kirk Hamilton, and Katherine Bolt. ""Ambient Particulate Matter Concentrations in Residential and Pollution Hotspot Areas of World Cities: New Estimates Based on the Global Model of Ambient Particulates (GMAPS),"" World Bank, Development Research Group and Environment Department (2006).; World Resources Institute. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Bank, World Development Indicators 2001. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2001. via ciesin.org; Wild Areas Project (WAP), joint Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) and CIESIN project to map the last wild places on the earth's surface. Accessed via ciesin.org; World Bank staff estimates based on Samuel Fankhauser's ""Valuing Climate Change: The Economics of the Greenhouse"" (1995).; World Bank staff estimates based on sources and methods in Arundhati Kunte and others' ""Estimating National Wealth: Methodology and Results"" (1998).; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Global Environmental Monitoring System/Water Quality Monitoring System, with data for an additional 29 countries from Prescott-Allen, R. The Well being of Nations, Washington, DC: Island Press, 2001; World Bank staff estimates.; Kiran D. Pandey and others' ""The Human Costs of Air Pollution: New Estimates for Developing Countries"" (2006).; The Changing Wealth of Nations: Measuring Sustainable Development in the New Millennium. GDP figures sourced from World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Bank national accounts data files.; United Nations Statistics Division Original html; World Resources Institute. 2003. Carbon Emissions from energy use and cement manufacturing, 1850 to 2000. Available on-line through the Climate Analysis Indicators Tool (CAIT) at Washington, DC: World Resources Institute

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