Environment Stats: compare key data on India & Tajikistan

Definitions

Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$: Adjusted net national income (constant 2000 US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion.
Biodiversity > Mammal species, threatened: Mammal species, threatened. Mammal species are mammals excluding whales and porpoises. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known.
CO2 Emissions per 1000: CO2: Total Emissions (excluding land-use) Units: thousand metric tonnes of carbon dioxide. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
CO2 emissions > Kt: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > Million metric tons: CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total (million metric tons). CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production is the sum of three IEA categories of CO2 emissions: (1) Main Activity Producer Electricity and Heat which contains the sum of emissions from main activity producer electricity generation, combined heat and power generation and heat plants. Main activity producers (formerly known as public utilities) are defined as those undertakings whose primary activity is to supply the public. They may be publicly or privately owned. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 1 a. For the CO2 emissions from fuel combustion (summary) file, emissions from own on-site use of fuel in power plants (EPOWERPLT) are also included. (2) Unallocated Autoproducers which contains the emissions from the generation of electricity and/or heat by autoproducers. Autoproducers are defined as undertakings that generate electricity and/or heat, wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, these emissions would normally be distributed between industry, transport and "other" sectors. (3) Other Energy Industries contains emissions from fuel combusted in petroleum refineries, for the manufacture of solid fuels, coal mining, oil and gas extraction and other energy-producing industries. This corresponds to the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 1 b and 1 A 1 c. According to the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, emissions from coke inputs to blast furnaces can either be counted here or in the Industrial Processes source/sink category. Within detailed sectoral calculations, certain non-energy processes can be distinguished. In the reduction of iron in a blast furnace through the combustion of coke, the primary purpose of the coke oxidation is to produce pig iron and the emissions can be considered as an industrial process. Care must be taken not to double count these emissions in both Energy and Industrial Processes. In the IEA estimations, these emissions have been included in this category.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > Million metric tons per million: CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total (million metric tons). CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production is the sum of three IEA categories of CO2 emissions: (1) Main Activity Producer Electricity and Heat which contains the sum of emissions from main activity producer electricity generation, combined heat and power generation and heat plants. Main activity producers (formerly known as public utilities) are defined as those undertakings whose primary activity is to supply the public. They may be publicly or privately owned. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 1 a. For the CO2 emissions from fuel combustion (summary) file, emissions from own on-site use of fuel in power plants (EPOWERPLT) are also included. (2) Unallocated Autoproducers which contains the emissions from the generation of electricity and/or heat by autoproducers. Autoproducers are defined as undertakings that generate electricity and/or heat, wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, these emissions would normally be distributed between industry, transport and "other" sectors. (3) Other Energy Industries contains emissions from fuel combusted in petroleum refineries, for the manufacture of solid fuels, coal mining, oil and gas extraction and other energy-producing industries. This corresponds to the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 1 b and 1 A 1 c. According to the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, emissions from coke inputs to blast furnaces can either be counted here or in the Industrial Processes source/sink category. Within detailed sectoral calculations, certain non-energy processes can be distinguished. In the reduction of iron in a blast furnace through the combustion of coke, the primary purpose of the coke oxidation is to produce pig iron and the emissions can be considered as an industrial process. Care must be taken not to double count these emissions in both Energy and Industrial Processes. In the IEA estimations, these emissions have been included in this category. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Current issues: This entry lists the most pressing and important environmental problems. The following terms and abbreviations are used throughout the entry:
Ecological footprint: Ecological footprint per capita
Units: Hectares per Person
Endangered species > Mammal species > Number: Mammal species are mammals excluding whales and porpoises. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known."
Forest area > Sq. km > Per capita: Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Marine fish catch: Total marine fish catch
Units: Metric Tons
Marine fish catch per 1000: Total marine fish catch
Units: Metric Tons. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Proportion of land area under protection: Terrestrial areas protected to total surface area, percentage.
Water > Severe water stress: Percent of country's territory under severe water stress
Units: Percent of Land Area
Units: This data is derived from the WaterGap 2.1 gridded hydrological model developed by the Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, Germany. The modellers derived, for each country, grid cell by grid cell estimates of whether the water consumption exceeds 40 percent of the water available in that particular grid cell. These were then converted to land area equivalents in order to calculate the percentage of the territory under severe water stress.
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Urban and rural: Proportion of the population using improved drinking water sources, total.
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Metric tons per capita: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring."
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Metric tons per capita: CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita). Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
Biodiversity > Bird species, threatened: Bird species, threatened. Birds are listed for countries included within their breeding or wintering ranges. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known.
Carbon efficiency: Carbon economic efficiency (CO2 emissions per dollar GDP)
Units: Metric Tons/US Dollar GDP
CO2 emissions > Kt per 1000: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Endangered species > Bird species: Birds are listed for countries included within their breeding or wintering ranges. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known."
Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$ per capita: Adjusted net national income (constant 2000 US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Total renewable water resources per million: . Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
SO2 emissions per populated area: SO2 emissions per populated land area
Units: 1000 Metric Tons/Sq. Km. of Populated Land Area
Units: We obtained the total emissions for each country by summarizing emissions data, originally available as a grid map with 1 degree x 1 degree cells. Air pollution is generally greatest in densely populated areas. To take this into account, we used the Gridded Population of the World dataset available from CIESIN and calculated the total land area in each country inhabited with a population density of greater than 5 persons per sq. km. We then used this land area as a denominator for the emissions data.
Biodiversity > Fish species, threatened: Fish species, threatened. Fish species are based on Froese, R. and Pauly, D. (eds). 2008. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known.
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kt: CO2 emissions (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
CO2 emissions > Kt > Per capita: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Endangered species > Fish species > Number: Fish species are based on Froese, R. and Pauly, D. (eds). 2008. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known."
Pollution > Climate change > Agrees climate change is caused by human activity: Percentage of population who responded yes when asked if they believed global warming was a result of human activities. In this survey, global warming refers to the current rise in earth's temperature and not climate change as a whole.
Water > Percent of water resources used: Proportion of total water resources used, percentage.
Endangered species > Higher plant species > Number: Higher plants are native vascular plant species. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known."
Pollution > Ozone depleting substance consumption: Consumption of all Ozone-Depleting Substances in ODP metric tons.
NOx emissions per populated area: NOx emissions per populated land area
Units: 1000 Metric Tons/Sq. Km. of Populated Land Area
Units: We obtained the total emissions for each country by summarizing emissions data, originally available as a grid map with 1 degree x 1 degree cells. Air pollution is generally greatest in densely populated areas. To take this into account, we used the Gridded Population of the World dataset available from CIESIN and calculated the total land area in each country inhabited with a population density of greater than 5 persons per sq. km. We then used this land area as a denominator for the emissions data.
Water > Dissolved oxygen concentration: Dissolved oxygen concentration
Units: Milligrams/Liter
Units: The country values represent averages of the station-level values for the three year time period 1994-96, exceptwhere data were only available for an earlier time period (1988-1993). The number of stations per country varies depending on country size; number of bodies of water; and level of participation in the GEMS monitoring system. The data from "The Wellbeing of Nations" included a smaller subset of stations representing outfalls of major watersheds. An analysis of a sample of countries with numerous stations found that the data for stations in the subset is broadly comparable to the data for all GEMS stations in those countries.
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kt per 1000: CO2 emissions (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Forest area > Sq. km: Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not.
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 US$ of GDP: CO2 emissions (kg per 2000 US$ of GDP). Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Urban and rural: Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities, total.
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kt: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring."
CPIA business regulatory environment rating > 1=low to 6=high per million: CPIA business regulatory environment rating (1=low to 6=high). Business regulatory environment assesses the extent to which the legal, regulatory, and policy environments help or hinder private businesses in investing, creating jobs, and becoming more productive. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Pollution > Ozone depleting substance consumption per million people: Consumption of all Ozone-Depleting Substances in ODP metric tons. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
Water > Availability: Water availability per capita (1961-1990 (avg.))
Units: Thousands Cubic Meters/Person
Units: This variable measures internal renewable water (average annual surface runoff and groundwater recharge generated from endogenous precipitation)
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Rural: Proportion of the population using improved drinking water sources, rural.
Biodiversity > Plant species > Higher, threatened: Plant species (higher), threatened. Higher plants are native vascular plant species. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known.
Adjusted net national income > Current US$ per capita: Adjusted net national income (current US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Biodiversity > Number: GEF benefits index for biodiversity is a composite index of relative biodiversity potential for each country based on the species represented in each country, their threat status, and the diversity of habitat types in each country. The index has been normalized so that values run from 0 (no biodiversity potential) to 100 (maximum biodiversity potential)."
Adjusted net national income > Current US$: Adjusted net national income (current US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion.
Pollution > Climate change > Climate change awareness: Percentage of each country's population who claimed knowing "something" or a "great deal" about climate change when asked: "How much do you know about global warming or climate change?"
Biodiversity > GEF benefits index for biodiversity > 0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum: GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum). GEF benefits index for biodiversity is a composite index of relative biodiversity potential for each country based on the species represented in each country, their threat status, and the diversity of habitat types in each country. The index has been normalized so that values run from 0 (no biodiversity potential) to 100 (maximum biodiversity potential).
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 US$ of GDP: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring."
Freshwater > Renewable internal freshwater resources > Total > Billion cubic meters: Renewable internal freshwater resources flows refer to internal renewable resources (internal river flows and groundwater from rainfall) in the country.
Acidification: Percentage of country with acidification excedence
Units: Percent of Land Area
Units: From a map of acidification excedence, all areas at risk within each country were added together in order to calculate the percentage of the entire country at risk of excedence. See pages 21-22 of the 2001 ESI report for more details on how the acidification excedence map was produced.
Emissions > Methane emissions > Kt of CO2 equivalent: Methane emissions are those stemming from human activities such as agriculture and from industrial methane production.
Freshwater > Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita > Cubic meters: Renewable internal freshwater resources flows refer to internal renewable resources (internal river flows and groundwater from rainfall) in the country. Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita are calculated using the World Bank's population estimates.
Pollution > PM10, country level > Micrograms per cubic meter: PM10, country level (micrograms per cubic meter). Particulate matter concentrations refer to fine suspended particulates less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10) that are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing significant health damage. Data for countries and aggregates for regions and income groups are urban-population weighted PM10 levels in residential areas of cities with more than 100,000 residents. The estimates represent the average annual exposure level of the average urban resident to outdoor particulate matter. The state of a country's technology and pollution controls is an important determinant of particulate matter concentrations.
Wetlands of intl importance > Area: Wetlands of international importance 2002
Biodiversity and protected areas > Terrestrial protected areas > Number: Terrestrial protected areas are those officially documented by national authorities.
CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 PPP $ of GDP: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
Proportion of land and marine area under protection: Terrestrial and marine areas protected to total territorial area, percentage.
Endangered species protection: Percent of CITES reporting requirements met
Units: Percent of Requirements Met
Units: Countries that have not ratified the CITES convention are recorded as having zero percent of their requirements met.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from other sectors, excluding residential buildings and commercial and public services > Million metric tons: CO2 emissions from other sectors, excluding residential buildings and commercial and public services (million metric tons). CO2 emissions from other sectors, less residential buildings and commercial and public services, contains the emissions from commercial/institutional activities, residential, agriculture/forestry, fishing and other emissions not specified elsewhere that are included in the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 4 and 1 A 5. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, the category also includes emissions from autoproducers in the commercial/residential/agricultural sectors that generate electricity and/or heat. The IEA data are not collected in a way that allows the energy consumption to be split by specific end-use and therefore, autoproducers are shown as a separate item (Unallocated Autoproducers).
Biodiversity > GEF benefits index for biodiversity > 0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum per million: GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum). GEF benefits index for biodiversity is a composite index of relative biodiversity potential for each country based on the species represented in each country, their threat status, and the diversity of habitat types in each country. The index has been normalized so that values run from 0 (no biodiversity potential) to 100 (maximum biodiversity potential). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Urban: Proportion of the population using improved drinking water sources, urban.
Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Rural: Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities, rural.
CPIA policy and institutions for environmental sustainability rating: Policy and institutions for environmental sustainability assess the extent to which environmental policies foster the protection and sustainable use of natural resources and the management of pollution.
Pollution > Climate change > Perceived as threat: Percentage of country's population that perceives climate change as a threat. Results are from a 2008 Gallop Poll.
Emissions > Nitrous oxide emissions > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent: Nitrous oxide emissions are emissions from agricultural biomass burning, industrial activities, and livestock management."
Wildness: Percent of land area having very low anthropogenic impact
Units: Percent of Land Area
Units: Global grids for population (GPW), land use (USGS AVHRR based classification from EROS data center), VMAP roads, VMAP railways, VMAP coastlines, VMAP major rivers and the stable lights data were all scored for "wildness". The scores were aggregated and normalized.
Forest area > Sq. km per 1000: Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Known mammal species: Known mammal species (1992-2002).
World Heritage Sites (environmental): Natural sites.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services > Million metric tons: CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services (million metric tons). CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services contains all emissions from fuel combustion in households. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 4 b. Commercial and public services includes emissions from all activities of ISIC Divisions 41, 50-52, 55, 63-67, 70-75, 80, 85, 90-93 and 99.
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Total > Billion cubic meters: Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for agriculture and industry are total withdrawals for irrigation and livestock production and for direct industrial use (including withdrawals for cooling thermoelectric plants). Withdrawals for domestic uses include drinking water, municipal use or supply, and use for public services, commercial establishments, and homes. Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002."
Pollution > Carbon dioxide 1999: 1999 total CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel burning, cement production, and gas flaring. Emissions are expressed in thousand metric tons of carbon (not CO2).
Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > Kt: CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of natural gas as an energy source.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > Kt per 1000: CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from solid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of coal as an energy source. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > Kt: CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from solid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of coal as an energy source.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > Kt per 1000: CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of petroleum-derived fuels as an energy source. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > Kt per 1000: CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of natural gas as an energy source. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Climate change > Other greenhouse gas emissions, HFC, PFC and SF6 > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent per million: Other greenhouse gas emissions, HFC, PFC and SF6 (thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent). Other greenhouse gas emissions are by-product emissions of hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Biodiversity and protected areas > Marine protected areas > Number: Marine protected areas are areas of intertidal or subtidal terrain--and overlying water and associated flora and fauna and historical and cultural features--that have been reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclosed environment.
Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Urban: Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities, urban.
Emissions > Other greenhouse gas emissions > HFC > PFC and SF6 > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent: Other greenhouse gas emissions are by-product emissions of hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride."
Urban SO2 concentration: Urban SO2 concentration
Units: Micrograms/m3
Units: The values were originally collected at the city level. Each nation varied in terms of the number of cities reported, so this data should be used with some caution. Within each country the values have been normalized by city population for the year 1995, then added together to obtain the total concentration for the given country.
CPIA policy and institutions for environmental sustainability rating > 1=low to 6=high: CPIA policy and institutions for environmental sustainability rating (1=low to 6=high). Policy and institutions for environmental sustainability assess the extent to which environmental policies foster the protection and sustainable use of natural resources and the management of pollution.
CPIA policy and institutions for environmental sustainability rating > 1=low to 6=high per million: CPIA policy and institutions for environmental sustainability rating (1=low to 6=high). Policy and institutions for environmental sustainability assess the extent to which environmental policies foster the protection and sustainable use of natural resources and the management of pollution. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
CPIA business regulatory environment rating > 1=low to 6=high: CPIA business regulatory environment rating (1=low to 6=high). Business regulatory environment assesses the extent to which the legal, regulatory, and policy environments help or hinder private businesses in investing, creating jobs, and becoming more productive.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Consumption of fixed capital > Current US$: Consumption of fixed capital represents the replacement value of capital used up in the process of production.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Including particulate emission damage > Current US$: Adjusted net savings are equal to net national savings plus education expenditure and minus energy depletion, mineral depletion, net forest depletion, and carbon dioxide and particulate emissions damage."
Pollution > Carbon dioxide 1999 per 1000: 1999 total CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel burning, cement production, and gas flaring. Emissions are expressed in thousand metric tons of carbon (not CO2). Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Freshwater > Withdrawal per million: . Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Emissions > PM10 > Country level > Micrograms per cubic meter: Particulate matter concentrations refer to fine suspended particulates less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10) that are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing significant health damage. Data for countries and aggregates for regions and income groups are urban-population weighted PM10 levels in residential areas of cities with more than 100,000 residents. The estimates represent the average annual exposure level of the average urban resident to outdoor particulate matter. The state of a country's technology and pollution controls is an important determinant of particulate matter concentrations."
Known mammal species per million: Known mammal species (1992-2002). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Wetlands of intl importance > Area per million: Wetlands of international importance 2002. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Areas under protection per million: Protected Areas under IUCN management categories I - VI (1992-2003). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Water > Salinisation: Electrical conductivity
Units: Micro-Siemens/Centimeter
Units: The country values represent averages of the station-level values for the three year time period 1994-96, except where data were only available for an earlier time period (1988-1993). The number of stations per country varies depending on country size; number of water bodies; and level of participation in the GEMS monitoring system.
Areas under protection: Protected Areas under IUCN management categories I - VI (1992-2003)
Fertiliser > Consumption: Fertilizer consumption per hectare of arable land
Units: Hundreds Grams/Hectare of Arable Land
Urban NO2 concentration: Urban NO2 concentration
Units: Micrograms/m3
Units: The values were originally collected at the city level. Each nation varied in terms of the number of cities reported, so this data should be used with some caution. Within each country the values have been normalized by city population for the year 1995, then added together to obtain the total concentration for the given country.
Non-wildness: Percent of land area having very high anthropogenic impact
Units: Percent of Land Area
Units: Global grids for population (GPW), land use (USGS AVHRR based classification from EROS data center), VMAP roads, VMAP railways, VMAP coastlines, VMAP major rivers and the stable lights data were all scored for "wildness". The scores were aggregated and normalized.
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Industry > % of total freshwater withdrawal: Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for industry are total withdrawals for direct industrial use (including withdrawals for cooling thermoelectric plants). Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002."
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Domestic > % of total freshwater withdrawal: Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for domestic uses include drinking water, municipal use or supply, and use for public services, commercial establishments, and homes. Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002."
Emissions > Industrial methane emissions > % of total: Industrial methane emissions are emissions from the handling, transmission, and combustion of fossil fuels and biofuels."
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net forest depletion > % of GNI: Net forest depletion is calculated as the product of unit resource rents and the excess of roundwood harvest over natural growth.
Known breeding bird species per million: Known breeding bird mammal species (1992-2002). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Emissions > Agricultural methane emissions > % of total: Agricultural methane emissions are emissions from animals, animal waste, rice production, agricultural waste burning (nonenergy, on-site), and savannah burning."
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > % of GNI: Particulate emissions damage is calculated as the willingness to pay to avoid mortality attributable to particulate emissions.
Natural gas rents > % of GDP: Natural gas rents (% of GDP). Natural gas rents are the difference between the value of natural gas production at world prices and total costs of production.
Emissions > CO2 intensity > Kg per kg of oil equivalent energy use: Carbon dioxide emissions from solid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of coal as an energy source.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Mineral depletion > Current US$: Mineral depletion is equal to the product of unit resource rents and the physical quantities of minerals extracted. It refers to bauxite, copper, iron, lead, nickel, phosphate, tin, zinc, gold, and silver."
Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$, % of GDP: Adjusted net national income (constant 2000 US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
Adjusted net national income > Current US$, % of GDP: Adjusted net national income (current US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
Known breeding bird species: Known breeding bird mammal species (1992-2002).
CPIA structural policies cluster average > 1=low to 6=high: CPIA structural policies cluster average (1=low to 6=high). The structural policies cluster includes trade, financial sector, and business regulatory environment.
CPIA policies for social inclusion/equity cluster average > 1=low to 6=high: CPIA policies for social inclusion/equity cluster average (1=low to 6=high). The policies for social inclusion and equity cluster includes gender equality, equity of public resource use, building human resources, social protection and labor, and policies and institutions for environmental sustainability.
International agreements > Signed but not ratified: The various international environmental agreements which a country has signed but not ratified. Agreements are listed in alphabetical order by the abbreviated form of the full name.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from other sectors, excluding residential buildings and commercial and public services > % of total fuel combustion: CO2 emissions from other sectors, excluding residential buildings and commercial and public services (% of total fuel combustion). CO2 emissions from other sectors, less residential buildings and commercial and public services, contains the emissions from commercial/institutional activities, residential, agriculture/forestry, fishing and other emissions not specified elsewhere that are included in the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 4 and 1 A 5. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, the category also includes emissions from autoproducers in the commercial/residential/agricultural sectors that generate electricity and/or heat. The IEA data are not collected in a way that allows the energy consumption to be split by specific end-use and therefore, autoproducers are shown as a separate item (Unallocated Autoproducers).
Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > % of GNI: Particulate emissions damage is calculated as the willingness to pay to avoid mortality attributable to particulate emissions.
Marine protected areas > % of territorial waters: Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters). Marine protected areas are areas of intertidal or subtidal terrain--and overlying water and associated flora and fauna and historical and cultural features--that have been reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclosed environment.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > % of total fuel combustion: CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total (% of total fuel combustion). CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production is the sum of three IEA categories of CO2 emissions: (1) Main Activity Producer Electricity and Heat which contains the sum of emissions from main activity producer electricity generation, combined heat and power generation and heat plants. Main activity producers (formerly known as public utilities) are defined as those undertakings whose primary activity is to supply the public. They may be publicly or privately owned. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 1 a. For the CO2 emissions from fuel combustion (summary) file, emissions from own on-site use of fuel in power plants (EPOWERPLT) are also included. (2) Unallocated Autoproducers which contains the emissions from the generation of electricity and/or heat by autoproducers. Autoproducers are defined as undertakings that generate electricity and/or heat, wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, these emissions would normally be distributed between industry, transport and "other" sectors. (3) Other Energy Industries contains emissions from fuel combusted in petroleum refineries, for the manufacture of solid fuels, coal mining, oil and gas extraction and other energy-producing industries. This corresponds to the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 1 b and 1 A 1 c. According to the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, emissions from coke inputs to blast furnaces can either be counted here or in the Industrial Processes source/sink category. Within detailed sectoral calculations, certain non-energy processes can be distinguished. In the reduction of iron in a blast furnace through the combustion of coke, the primary purpose of the coke oxidation is to produce pig iron and the emissions can be considered as an industrial process. Care must be taken not to double count these emissions in both Energy and Industrial Processes. In the IEA estimations, these emissions have been included in this category.
Adjusted savings > Carbon dioxide damage > % of GNI: Carbon dioxide damage is estimated to be $20 per ton of carbon (the unit damage in 1995 U.S. dollars) times the number of tons of carbon emitted.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Gross savings > % of GNI: Gross savings are the difference between gross national income and public and private consumption, plus net current transfers."
Adjusted net national income > Annual % growth: Adjusted net national income (annual % growth). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion.
Climate change > Other greenhouse gas emissions, HFC, PFC and SF6 > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent: Other greenhouse gas emissions, HFC, PFC and SF6 (thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent). Other greenhouse gas emissions are by-product emissions of hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > % of total: CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption (% of total). Carbon dioxide emissions from solid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of coal as an energy source.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > % of total: CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption (% of total). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of petroleum-derived fuels as an energy source.
CO2 Emissions: CO2: Total Emissions (excluding land-use) Units: thousand metric tonnes of carbon dioxide
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Total > % of internal resources: Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for agriculture and industry are total withdrawals for irrigation and livestock production and for direct industrial use (including withdrawals for cooling thermoelectric plants). Withdrawals for domestic uses include drinking water, municipal use or supply, and use for public services, commercial establishments, and homes. Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002."
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Agriculture > % of total freshwater withdrawal: Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for agriculture are total withdrawals for irrigation and livestock production. Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002."
Oil rents > % of GDP: Oil rents (% of GDP). Oil rents are the difference between the value of crude oil production at world prices and total costs of production.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net national savings > % of GNI: Net national savings are equal to gross national savings less the value of consumption of fixed capital.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Energy depletion > % of GNI: Energy depletion is equal to the product of unit resource rents and the physical quantities of energy extracted. It covers crude oil, natural gas, and coal."
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per PPP $ of GDP: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring."
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Carbon dioxide damage > % of GNI: Carbon dioxide damage is estimated to be $20 per ton of carbon (the unit damage in 1995 U.S. dollars) times the number of tons of carbon emitted.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Consumption of fixed capital > % of GNI: Consumption of fixed capital represents the replacement value of capital used up in the process of production.
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2005 PPP $ of GDP: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring."
Emissions > Agricultural nitrous oxide emissions > % of total: Agricultural nitrous oxide emissions are emissions produced through fertilizer use (synthetic and animal manure), animal waste management, agricultural waste burning (nonenergy, on-site), and savannah burning."
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net national savings > Current US$: Net national savings are equal to gross national savings less the value of consumption of fixed capital.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Excluding particulate emission damage > Current US$: Adjusted net savings are equal to net national savings plus education expenditure and minus energy depletion, mineral depletion, net forest depletion, and carbon dioxide. This series excludes particulate emissions damage."
Climate change > GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF > Mt of CO2 equivalent per million: GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (Mt of CO2 equivalent). GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF refers to changes in atmospheric levels of all greenhouse gases attributable to forest and land-use change activities, including but not limited to (1) emissions and removals of CO2 from decreases or increases in biomass stocks due to forest management, logging, fuelwood collection, etc.; (2) conversion of existing forests and natural grasslands to other land uses; (3) removal of CO2 from the abandonment of formerly managed lands (e.g. croplands and pastures); and (4) emissions and removals of CO2 in soil associated with land-use change and management. For Annex-I countries under the UNFCCC, these data are drawn from the annual GHG inventories submitted to the UNFCCC by each country; for non-Annex-I countries, data are drawn from the most recently submitted National Communication where available. Because of differences in reporting years and methodologies, these data are not generally considered comparable across countries. Data are in million metric tons. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > Current US$: Particulate emissions damage is calculated as the willingness to pay to avoid mortality attributable to particulate emissions.
CPIA structural policies cluster average > 1=low to 6=high per million: CPIA structural policies cluster average (1=low to 6=high). The structural policies cluster includes trade, financial sector, and business regulatory environment. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Mineral depletion > % of GNI: Mineral depletion is equal to the product of unit resource rents and the physical quantities of minerals extracted. It refers to bauxite, copper, iron, lead, nickel, phosphate, tin, zinc, gold, and silver."
Water > Suspended solids: Suspended solids
Units: Natural Log of Milligrams/Liter
Units: The country values represent averages of the station-level values for the three year time period 1994-96, exceptwhere data were only available for an earlier time period (1988-1993). The number of stations per country varies depending on country size; number of bodies of water; and level of participation in the GEMS monitoring system. Data from "The Wellbeing of Nations" included a smaller subset of stations representing outfalls of majorwatersheds. An analysis of a sample of countries with numerous stations found that the data for stations in the subset is broadly comparable to the data for all GEMS stations in those countries. The data in this table was transformed using the natural logarithm.
Biodiversity and protected areas > Marine protected areas > % of total surface area: Marine protected areas are areas of intertidal or subtidal terrain--and overlying water and associated flora and fauna and historical and cultural features--that have been reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclosed environment.
Biodiversity and protected areas > Terrestrial protected areas > % of total surface area: Terrestrial protected areas are those officially documented by national authorities.
CPIA policies for social inclusion/equity cluster average > 1=low to 6=high per million: CPIA policies for social inclusion/equity cluster average (1=low to 6=high). The policies for social inclusion and equity cluster includes gender equality, equity of public resource use, building human resources, social protection and labor, and policies and institutions for environmental sustainability. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Forest area > % of land area: Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not.
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved sanitation > Rural: Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities, rural.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Including particulate emission damage > % of GNI: Adjusted net savings are equal to net national savings plus education expenditure and minus energy depletion, mineral depletion, net forest depletion, and carbon dioxide and particulate emissions damage."
Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > Kt: CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of petroleum-derived fuels as an energy source.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services > % of total fuel combustion: CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services (% of total fuel combustion). CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services contains all emissions from fuel combustion in households. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 4 b. Commercial and public services includes emissions from all activities of ISIC Divisions 41, 50-52, 55, 63-67, 70-75, 80, 85, 90-93 and 99.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net forest depletion > Current US$: Net forest depletion is calculated as the product of unit resource rents and the excess of roundwood harvest over natural growth.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Excluding particulate emission damage > % of GNI: Adjusted net savings are equal to net national savings plus education expenditure and minus energy depletion, mineral depletion, net forest depletion, and carbon dioxide. This series excludes particulate emissions damage."
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Energy depletion > Current US$: Energy depletion is equal to the product of unit resource rents and the physical quantities of energy extracted. It covers crude oil, natural gas, and coal."
PM10 > Country level > Micrograms per cubic meter: Particulate matter concentrations refer to fine suspended particulates less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10) that are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing significant health damage. Data for countries and aggregates for regions and income groups are urban-population weighted PM10 levels in residential areas of cities with more than 100,000 residents. The estimates represent the average annual exposure level of the average urban resident to outdoor particulate matter. The state of a countryÂ’s technology and pollution controls is an important determinant of particulate matter concentrations.
Climate change > GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF > Mt of CO2 equivalent: GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (Mt of CO2 equivalent). GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF refers to changes in atmospheric levels of all greenhouse gases attributable to forest and land-use change activities, including but not limited to (1) emissions and removals of CO2 from decreases or increases in biomass stocks due to forest management, logging, fuelwood collection, etc.; (2) conversion of existing forests and natural grasslands to other land uses; (3) removal of CO2 from the abandonment of formerly managed lands (e.g. croplands and pastures); and (4) emissions and removals of CO2 in soil associated with land-use change and management. For Annex-I countries under the UNFCCC, these data are drawn from the annual GHG inventories submitted to the UNFCCC by each country; for non-Annex-I countries, data are drawn from the most recently submitted National Communication where available. Because of differences in reporting years and methodologies, these data are not generally considered comparable across countries. Data are in million metric tons.
Water > Phosphorus concentration: Phosphorus concentration
Units: Milligrams/Liter
Units: The country values represent averages of the station-level values for the three year time period 1994-96, except where data were only available for an earlier time period (1988-1993). The number of stations per country varies depending on country size; number of bodies of water; and level of participation in the GEMS monitoring system. The data from "The Wellbeing of Nations" included a smaller subset of stations representing outfalls of major watersheds. An analysis of a sample of countries with numerous stations found that the data for stations in the subset is broadly comparable to the data for all GEMS stations in those countries.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > % of total: CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption (% of total). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of natural gas as an energy source.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services > Million metric tons per million: CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services (million metric tons). CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services contains all emissions from fuel combustion in households. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 4 b. Commercial and public services includes emissions from all activities of ISIC Divisions 41, 50-52, 55, 63-67, 70-75, 80, 85, 90-93 and 99. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Total natural resources rents > % of GDP: Total natural resources rents (% of GDP). Total natural resources rents are the sum of oil rents, natural gas rents, coal rents (hard and soft), mineral rents, and forest rents.

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STAT	India	Tajikistan
Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$	$1.15 trillion Ranked 3rd. 431 times more than Tajikistan	$2.66 billion Ranked 71st.
Biodiversity > Mammal species, threatened	95 Ranked 3rd. 12 times more than Tajikistan	8 Ranked 115th.
CO2 Emissions per 1000	0.922 Ranked 112th. 35% more than Tajikistan	0.682 Ranked 120th.
CO2 emissions > Kt	1.27 million kt Ranked 4th. 274 times more than Tajikistan	4,652.01 kt Ranked 110th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > Million metric tons	963.48 Ranked 5th. 2294 times more than Tajikistan	0.42 Ranked 123th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > Million metric tons per million	0.789 Ranked 82nd. 15 times more than Tajikistan	0.0537 Ranked 122nd.
Current issues	deforestation; soil erosion; overgrazing; desertification; air pollution from industrial effluents and vehicle emissions; water pollution from raw sewage and runoff of agricultural pesticides; tap water is not potable throughout the country; huge and growing population is overstraining natural resources	inadequate sanitation facilities; increasing levels of soil salinity; industrial pollution; excessive pesticides
Ecological footprint	0.9 Ranked 47th. The same as Tajikistan	0.9 Ranked 48th.
Endangered species > Mammal species > Number	96 Ranked 3rd. 12 times more than Tajikistan	8 Ranked 105th.
Forest area > Sq. km > Per capita	0.619 kmÂ² per 1,000 people Ranked 161st.	0.626 kmÂ² per 1,000 people Ranked 160th. 1% more than India
Marine fish catch	2.24 million tons Ranked 10th.	0.0 Ranked 135th.
Marine fish catch per 1000	2.19 tons Ranked 81st.	0.0 Ranked 135th.
Proportion of land area under protection	5.21% Ranked 164th. 9% more than Tajikistan	4.77% Ranked 171st.
Total renewable water resources	1,907.8 cu km Ranked 3rd. 19 times more than Tajikistan	99.7 cu km Ranked 6th.
Water > Severe water stress	80.2 Ranked 23th.	93.2 Ranked 8th. 16% more than India
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Urban and rural	91.63 Ranked 123th. 39% more than Tajikistan	65.89 Ranked 174th.
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Metric tons per capita	1.43 Ranked 115th. 34% more than Tajikistan	1.07 Ranked 128th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Metric tons per capita	1.67 Ranked 118th. 4 times more than Tajikistan	0.375 Ranked 160th.
Biodiversity > Bird species, threatened	80 Ranked 8th. 7 times more than Tajikistan	12 Ranked 106th.
Carbon efficiency	1.39 CO2 emissions/$ GDP Ranked 57th.	2.33 CO2 emissions/$ GDP Ranked 30th. 68% more than India
CO2 emissions > Kt per 1000	1.16 kt Ranked 116th. 63% more than Tajikistan	0.712 kt Ranked 138th.
Endangered species > Bird species	76 Ranked 6th. 8 times more than Tajikistan	9 Ranked 103th.
Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$ per capita	$940.20 Ranked 54th. 3 times more than Tajikistan	$340.49 Ranked 74th.
Total renewable water resources per million	1.86 cu km Ranked 16th.	16.79 cu km Ranked 2nd. 9 times more than India
SO2 emissions per populated area	1,150 thousand metric tons/squ Ranked 47th.	2,610 thousand metric tons/squ Ranked 24th. 2 times more than India
Biodiversity > Fish species, threatened	213 Ranked 2nd. 43 times more than Tajikistan	5 Ranked 186th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kt	2.01 million Ranked 4th. 702 times more than Tajikistan	2,860.26 Ranked 133th.
CO2 emissions > Kt > Per capita	1.2 kt per 1,000 people Ranked 119th. 64% more than Tajikistan	0.728 kt per 1,000 people Ranked 142nd.
Endangered species > Fish species > Number	40 Ranked 23th. 5 times more than Tajikistan	8 Ranked 157th.
Pollution > Climate change > Agrees climate change is caused by human activity	53% Ranked 70th.	81% Ranked 7th. 53% more than India
Water > Percent of water resources used	33.88% Ranked 2nd.	51.07% Ranked 14th. 51% more than India
Endangered species > Higher plant species > Number	246 Ranked 11th. 18 times more than Tajikistan	14 Ranked 81st.
Pollution > Ozone depleting substance consumption	1,484.57 Ranked 6th. 512 times more than Tajikistan	2.9 Ranked 114th.
NOx emissions per populated area	0.52 thousand metric tons/squ Ranked 33th. 3 times more than Tajikistan	0.16 thousand metric tons/squ Ranked 105th.
Water > Dissolved oxygen concentration	6.38 mls/litre Ranked 104th. 10% more than Tajikistan	5.78 mls/litre Ranked 121st.
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kt per 1000	1.67 Ranked 118th. 4 times more than Tajikistan	0.375 Ranked 161st.
Forest area > Sq. km	677,010 kmÂ² Ranked 10th. 165 times more than Tajikistan	4,100 kmÂ² Ranked 138th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 US$ of GDP	$1.61 Ranked 19th. 79% more than Tajikistan	$0.90 Ranked 44th.
Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Urban and rural	35.09 Ranked 156th.	94.7 Ranked 75th. 3 times more than India
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kt	1.61 million Ranked 4th. 223 times more than Tajikistan	7,221.74 Ranked 98th.
CPIA business regulatory environment rating > 1=low to 6=high per million	0.00243 Ranked 80th.	0.437 Ranked 39th. 180 times more than India
Pollution > Ozone depleting substance consumption per million people	1.22 Ranked 103th. 3 times more than Tajikistan	0.371 Ranked 139th.
Water > Availability	1.56 thousand cubic metres Ranked 93th.	5.56 thousand cubic metres Ranked 55th. 4 times more than India
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Rural	89.5 Ranked 104th. 58% more than Tajikistan	56.54 Ranked 163th.
Biodiversity > Plant species > Higher, threatened	326 Ranked 9th. 25 times more than Tajikistan	13 Ranked 95th.
Adjusted net national income > Current US$ per capita	$1,304.33 Ranked 106th. 76% more than Tajikistan	$743.16 Ranked 125th.
Biodiversity > Number	39.93 Ranked 8th. 57 times more than Tajikistan	0.7 Ranked 132nd.
Adjusted net national income > Current US$	$1.59 trillion Ranked 10th. 274 times more than Tajikistan	$5.81 billion Ranked 120th.
Pollution > Climate change > Climate change awareness	35% Ranked 113th.	43% Ranked 104th. 23% more than India
Biodiversity > GEF benefits index for biodiversity > 0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum	39.93 Ranked 8th. 57 times more than Tajikistan	0.696 Ranked 137th.
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 US$ of GDP	$2.08 Ranked 19th.	$4.65 Ranked 7th. 2 times more than India
Freshwater > Renewable internal freshwater resources > Total > Billion cubic meters	1,260 Ranked 10th. 19 times more than Tajikistan	66.3 Ranked 65th.
Acidification	0.0 Ranked 84th.	0.0 Ranked 133th.
Freshwater > Withdrawal	645.84 Ranked 1st. 54 times more than Tajikistan	11.96 Ranked 38th.
Emissions > Methane emissions > Kt of CO2 equivalent	712,330 Ranked 3rd. 218 times more than Tajikistan	3,270 Ranked 103th.
Freshwater > Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita > Cubic meters	1,105.3 Ranked 124th.	9,698.54 Ranked 50th. 9 times more than India
Pollution > PM10, country level > Micrograms per cubic meter	51.98 Ranked 38th. 79% more than Tajikistan	29.06 Ranked 87th.
Wetlands of intl importance > Area	195 thousand hectares Ranked 48th. 2 times more than Tajikistan	95 thousand hectares Ranked 66th.
Biodiversity and protected areas > Terrestrial protected areas > Number	556 Ranked 31st. 37 times more than Tajikistan	15 Ranked 138th.
CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 PPP $ of GDP	0.44 kg/PPP$ Ranked 53th.	0.71 kg/PPP$ Ranked 29th. 61% more than India
Proportion of land and marine area under protection	5% Ranked 146th. 5% more than Tajikistan	4.77% Ranked 150th.
Endangered species protection	100% Ranked 12th.	0.0 Ranked 139th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from other sectors, excluding residential buildings and commercial and public services > Million metric tons	41.79 Ranked 4th. 18 times more than Tajikistan	2.26 Ranked 39th.
Biodiversity > GEF benefits index for biodiversity > 0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum per million	0.034 Ranked 170th.	0.0956 Ranked 134th. 3 times more than India
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Urban	96.31 Ranked 125th. 5% more than Tajikistan	91.83 Ranked 160th.
Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Rural	23.88% Ranked 155th.	94.45% Ranked 67th. 4 times more than India
CPIA policy and institutions for environmental sustainability rating	3.5 Ranked 9th. 40% more than Tajikistan	2.5 Ranked 58th.
Pollution > Climate change > Perceived as threat	29% Ranked 110th. 53% more than Tajikistan	19% Ranked 123th.
Emissions > Nitrous oxide emissions > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent	300,680 Ranked 4th. 189 times more than Tajikistan	1,590 Ranked 106th.
Wildness	1.94% Ranked 82nd.	25.63% Ranked 42nd. 13 times more than India
Forest area > Sq. km per 1000	0.601 kmÂ² Ranked 158th.	0.602 kmÂ² Ranked 157th. About the same as India
Known mammal species	390 Ranked 8th. 5 times more than Tajikistan	84 Ranked 99th.
World Heritage Sites (environmental)	6 Ranked 7th. 6 times more than Tajikistan	1 Ranked 50th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services > Million metric tons	98.29 Ranked 8th.	0.0 Ranked 137th.
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Total > Billion cubic meters	645.84 Ranked 1st. 54 times more than Tajikistan	11.96 Ranked 40th.
Pollution > Carbon dioxide 1999	293,938 Ranked 4th. 211 times more than Tajikistan	1,392 Ranked 106th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > Kt	98,458.95 Ranked 15th. 145 times more than Tajikistan	678.39 Ranked 97th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > Kt per 1000	1.11 Ranked 41st. 24 times more than Tajikistan	0.0462 Ranked 91st.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > Kt	1.34 million Ranked 3rd. 3802 times more than Tajikistan	352.03 Ranked 90th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > Kt per 1000	0.386 Ranked 149th. 75% more than Tajikistan	0.221 Ranked 162nd.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > Kt per 1000	0.0817 Ranked 96th.	0.0889 Ranked 95th. 9% more than India
Climate change > Other greenhouse gas emissions, HFC, PFC and SF6 > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent per million	17.37 Ranked 83th.	47.33 Ranked 60th. 3 times more than India
Biodiversity and protected areas > Marine protected areas > Number	117 Ranked 11th.	0.0 Ranked 188th.
Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Urban	59.73 Ranked 151st.	95.42 Ranked 85th. 60% more than India
Emissions > Other greenhouse gas emissions > HFC > PFC and SF6 > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent	9,510 Ranked 12th. 79 times more than Tajikistan	120 Ranked 63th.
Urban SO2 concentration	27.55 micrograms/m3 Ranked 93th.	48.85 micrograms/m3 Ranked 68th. 77% more than India
CPIA policy and institutions for environmental sustainability rating > 1=low to 6=high	4 Ranked 1st. 33% more than Tajikistan	3 Ranked 41st.
CPIA policy and institutions for environmental sustainability rating > 1=low to 6=high per million	0.00323 Ranked 80th.	0.375 Ranked 40th. 116 times more than India
CPIA business regulatory environment rating > 1=low to 6=high	3 Ranked 38th.	3.5 Ranked 16th. 17% more than India
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Consumption of fixed capital > Current US$	$97.90 billion Ranked 15th. 238 times more than Tajikistan	$410.87 million Ranked 126th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Including particulate emission damage > Current US$	$278.72 billion Ranked 4th. 295 times more than Tajikistan	$944.21 million Ranked 68th.
Pollution > Carbon dioxide 1999 per 1000	0.287 Ranked 119th. 26% more than Tajikistan	0.228 Ranked 127th.
Freshwater > Withdrawal per million	0.62 Ranked 45th.	1.93 Ranked 7th. 3 times more than India
Emissions > PM10 > Country level > Micrograms per cubic meter	64.92 Ranked 36th. 30% more than Tajikistan	49.98 Ranked 51st.
Known mammal species per million	0.362 Ranked 143th.	13.12 Ranked 67th. 36 times more than India
Wetlands of intl importance > Area per million	0.181 thousand hectares Ranked 108th.	14.83 thousand hectares Ranked 52nd. 82 times more than India
Areas under protection per million	0.454 Ranked 133th.	2.91 Ranked 78th. 6 times more than India
Water > Salinisation	4,520.19 Ranked 1st. 85% more than Tajikistan	2,442.78 Ranked 7th.
Areas under protection	497 Ranked 20th. 26 times more than Tajikistan	19 Ranked 90th.
Fertiliser > Consumption	1,040.09 hundred grams/hectare Ranked 52nd. 36% more than Tajikistan	766.34 hundred grams/hectare Ranked 65th.
Urban NO2 concentration	29.68 micrograms/m3 Ranked 122nd.	57.04 micrograms/m3 Ranked 50th. 92% more than India
Non-wildness	10.24% Ranked 41st. 3 times more than Tajikistan	3.74% Ranked 63th.
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Industry > % of total freshwater withdrawal	5.45% Ranked 83th. 16% more than Tajikistan	4.68% Ranked 87th.
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Domestic > % of total freshwater withdrawal	8.09% Ranked 103th. 2 times more than Tajikistan	3.68% Ranked 120th.
Emissions > Industrial methane emissions > % of total	14.7% Ranked 73th. 46% more than Tajikistan	10.09% Ranked 93th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net forest depletion > % of GNI	0.78% Ranked 22nd.	0.0 Ranked 148th.
Known breeding bird species per million	0.425 Ranked 145th.	32.79 Ranked 51st. 77 times more than India
Emissions > Agricultural methane emissions > % of total	64.82% Ranked 30th.	68.5% Ranked 22nd. 6% more than India
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > % of GNI	0.47% Ranked 37th. 57% more than Tajikistan	0.3% Ranked 53th.
Natural gas rents > % of GDP	0.32% Ranked 41st. 4 times more than Tajikistan	0.0717% Ranked 59th.
Emissions > CO2 intensity > Kg per kg of oil equivalent energy use	2.71 Ranked 30th. 46% more than Tajikistan	1.85 Ranked 86th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Mineral depletion > Current US$	$16.41 billion Ranked 5th.	0.0 Ranked 185th.
Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$, % of GDP	61.3% Ranked 27th. 50% more than Tajikistan	40.8% Ranked 67th.
Adjusted net national income > Current US$, % of GDP	85.05% Ranked 66th.	89.04% Ranked 22nd. 5% more than India
Freshwater > Withdrawal > Domestic	8% Ranked 85th. Twice as much as Tajikistan	4% Ranked 104th.
Known breeding bird species	458 Ranked 10th. 2 times more than Tajikistan	210 Ranked 67th.
CPIA structural policies cluster average > 1=low to 6=high	3.5 Ranked 27th. 11% more than Tajikistan	3.17 Ranked 47th.
CPIA policies for social inclusion/equity cluster average > 1=low to 6=high	3.7 Ranked 16th. 6% more than Tajikistan	3.5 Ranked 32nd.
Freshwater > Withdrawal > Agricultural	86% Ranked 41st.	92% Ranked 27th. 7% more than India
International agreements > Signed but not ratified	none of the selected agreements	none of the selected agreements
Climate change > CO2 emissions from other sectors, excluding residential buildings and commercial and public services > % of total fuel combustion	2.39% Ranked 62nd.	75.59% Ranked 1st. 32 times more than India
Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > % of GNI	0.74% of GNI Ranked 44th. 85% more than Tajikistan	0.4% of GNI Ranked 74th.
Marine protected areas > % of territorial waters	5.81% Ranked 62nd. 15% more than Tajikistan	5.07% Ranked 64th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > % of total fuel combustion	55.21% Ranked 25th. 4 times more than Tajikistan	14.05% Ranked 122nd.
Adjusted savings > Carbon dioxide damage > % of GNI	1.3% of GNI Ranked 22nd.	1.8% of GNI Ranked 8th. 38% more than India
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Gross savings > % of GNI	38.17% Ranked 20th. 50% more than Tajikistan	25.52% Ranked 46th.
Adjusted net national income > Annual % growth	6.49% Ranked 22nd. 52% more than Tajikistan	4.26% Ranked 37th.
Climate change > Other greenhouse gas emissions, HFC, PFC and SF6 > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent	20,937 Ranked 8th. 58 times more than Tajikistan	361 Ranked 69th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > % of total	66.63% Ranked 12th. 5 times more than Tajikistan	12.31% Ranked 66th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > % of total	23.16% Ranked 175th.	58.97% Ranked 111th. 3 times more than India
CO2 Emissions	1.01 million Ranked 5th. 226 times more than Tajikistan	4,455.1 Ranked 105th.
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Total > % of internal resources	51.24% Ranked 29th. 3 times more than Tajikistan	18.04% Ranked 59th.
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Agriculture > % of total freshwater withdrawal	86.46% Ranked 35th.	91.64% Ranked 23th. 6% more than India
Oil rents > % of GDP	1.32% Ranked 49th. 6 times more than Tajikistan	0.227% Ranked 62nd.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net national savings > % of GNI	29.68% Ranked 19th. 71% more than Tajikistan	17.34% Ranked 38th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Energy depletion > % of GNI	4.86% Ranked 41st. 12 times more than Tajikistan	0.39% Ranked 68th.
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per PPP $ of GDP	$0.50 Ranked 34th.	$0.61 Ranked 23th. 22% more than India
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Carbon dioxide damage > % of GNI	1.16% Ranked 10th. 9% more than Tajikistan	1.06% Ranked 14th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Consumption of fixed capital > % of GNI	8.49% Ranked 123th. 4% more than Tajikistan	8.18% Ranked 130th.
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2005 PPP $ of GDP	$0.53 Ranked 35th.	$0.65 Ranked 23th. 23% more than India
Emissions > Agricultural nitrous oxide emissions > % of total	92.97% Ranked 39th.	99.37% Ranked 4th. 7% more than India
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net national savings > Current US$	$342.33 billion Ranked 3rd. 393 times more than Tajikistan	$870.91 million Ranked 86th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Excluding particulate emission damage > Current US$	$284.13 billion Ranked 3rd. 296 times more than Tajikistan	$959.11 million Ranked 68th.
Climate change > GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF > Mt of CO2 equivalent per million	0.0152 Ranked 25th.	-0.296 Ranked 17th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > Current US$	$5.41 billion Ranked 4th. 363 times more than Tajikistan	$14.90 million Ranked 102nd.
CPIA structural policies cluster average > 1=low to 6=high per million	0.00283 Ranked 80th.	0.395 Ranked 41st. 140 times more than India
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Mineral depletion > % of GNI	1.42% Ranked 23th.	0.0 Ranked 154th.
Water > Suspended solids	6.56 mls/litre Ranked 24th.	6.93 mls/litre Ranked 19th. 6% more than India
Biodiversity and protected areas > Marine protected areas > % of total surface area	1.46% Ranked 65th.	0.0 Ranked 187th.
Biodiversity and protected areas > Terrestrial protected areas > % of total surface area	4.77% Ranked 139th.	13.68% Ranked 85th. 3 times more than India
CPIA policies for social inclusion/equity cluster average > 1=low to 6=high per million	0.00299 Ranked 80th.	0.437 Ranked 41st. 146 times more than India
Forest area > % of land area	22.77% of land area Ranked 114th. 8 times more than Tajikistan	2.93% of land area Ranked 171st.
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved sanitation > Rural	23.88 Ranked 155th.	94.45 Ranked 67th. 4 times more than India
Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Including particulate emission damage > % of GNI	24.17% Ranked 8th. 29% more than Tajikistan	18.8% Ranked 18th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > Kt	465,294.63 Ranked 5th. 276 times more than Tajikistan	1,686.82 Ranked 139th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services > % of total fuel combustion	5.63% Ranked 87th.	0.0 Ranked 137th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net forest depletion > Current US$	$8.96 billion Ranked 1st.	0.0 Ranked 158th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Excluding particulate emission damage > % of GNI	24.64% Ranked 8th. 29% more than Tajikistan	19.09% Ranked 19th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Energy depletion > Current US$	$56.08 billion Ranked 13th. 2869 times more than Tajikistan	$19.54 million Ranked 92nd.
PM10 > Country level > Micrograms per cubic meter	71.59 mcg/mÂ³ Ranked 37th. 31% more than Tajikistan	54.54 mcg/mÂ³ Ranked 58th.
Climate change > GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF > Mt of CO2 equivalent	14.29 Ranked 9th.	-1.93 Ranked 18th.
Freshwater > Withdrawal > Industrial	5% Ranked 66th. The same as Tajikistan	5% Ranked 71st.
Water > Phosphorus concentration	0.15 mls/litre Ranked 108th.	0.96 mls/litre Ranked 6th. 6 times more than India
Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > % of total	4.9% Ranked 97th.	23.72% Ranked 59th. 5 times more than India
Climate change > CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services > Million metric tons per million	0.0805 Ranked 97th.	0.0 Ranked 137th.
Total natural resources rents > % of GDP	7.36% Ranked 58th. 4 times more than Tajikistan	1.65% Ranked 108th.

SOURCES: The Changing Wealth of Nations: Measuring Sustainable Development in the New Millennium; United Nations Environmental Program and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre; World Resources Institute. 2003. Carbon Emissions from energy use and cement manufacturing, 1850 to 2000. Available on-line through the Climate Analysis Indicators Tool (CAIT) at Washington, DC: World Resources Institute. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Development Indicators database; International Energy Agency; International Energy Agency. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), Living Planet Report 2000, Gland, Switzerland: 2000, and Redefining Progress.; United Nations Environmental Program and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre, and International Union for Conservation of Nature, Red List of Threatened Species.; FAOSTAT on-line database; FAOSTAT on-line database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008; Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, WaterGap 2.1, 2000 via ciesin.org; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, United States.; United Nations Environmental Program and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre; Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center; World Development Indicators database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; The Changing Wealth of Nations: Measuring Sustainable Development in the New Millennium. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: Special Report on Emissions Scenarios, Data Version 1.1, B1Illustrative Marker Scenario with model IMAGE; Froese, R. and Pauly, D. (eds). 2008. FishBase database, www.fishbase.org.; Froese, R. and Pauly, D. (eds). 2008. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org. version (07/2008). Accessed: 28 September 2008.; Wikipedia: Climate change opinion by country; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Global Environmental Monitoring System/Water Quality Monitoring System, with data for an additional 29 countries from Prescott-Allen,R. The Well being of Nations, Washington, DC: Island Press, 2001; Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, United States. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; World Bank Group, CPIA database (http://www.worldbank.org/ida). Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, WaterGAP 2.1B, 2001 via ciesin.org; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Kiran Dev Pandey, Piet Buys, Ken Chomitz, and David Wheeler's, ""Biodiversity Conservation Indicators: New Tools for Priority Setting at the Global Environment Facility"" (2006).; Kiran Dev Pandey, Piet Buys, Ken Chomitz, and David Wheeler's, "Biodiversity Conservation Indicators: New Tools for Priority Setting at the Global Environment Facility" (2006).; Food and Agriculture Organisation, AQUASTAT data.; Stockholm Environment Institute at York, Acidification in Developing Countries: Ecosystem Sensitivity and the Critical Loads Approach at the Global scale, 2000 via ciesin.org; World Resources Institute.; World Bank, Development Research Group and Environment Department; World Resources Institute; United Nations Environmental Program and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre, as compiled by the World Resources Institute, based on data from national authorities, national legislation and international agreements.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, Report on National Reports Required Under Article VIII, Paragraph 7(a), of the Convention, Eleventh Meeting of the Conference of the Parties, Gigiri, Kenya, April 2000; Kiran Dev Pandey, Piet Buys, Ken Chomitz, and David Wheeler's, "Biodiversity Conservation Indicators: New Tools for Priority Setting at the Global Environment Facility" (2006). Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; International Energy Agency (IEA Statistics \xA9 OECD/IEA, http://www.iea.org/stats/index.asp).; Wild Areas Project (WAP), joint Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) and CIESIN project to map the lastwild places on the earth's surface. via ciesin.org; Wikipedia: Table of World Heritage Sites by country (Table of World Heritage Sites); Gregg Marland, Tom Boden, and Bob Andres, University of North Dakota, via net publication; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; World Resources Institute, World Resources 1998-99; World Bank, World Development Indicators 2000; WHO,Air Management Information System-AMIS 2.0, 1998; and Global Urban Observatory, Citibase, 1999. via ciesin.org; World Bank Group, CPIA database (http://www.worldbank.org/ida).; World Bank staff estimates using data from the United Nations Statistics Division's National Accounts Statistics.; World Bank staff estimates. The conceptual underpinnings of the savings measure appear in Hamilton and Clemens' ""Genuine Savings Rates in Developing Countries"" (1999).; Gregg Marland, Tom Boden, and Bob Andres, University of North Dakota, via net publication. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Kiren Dev Pandey, David Wheeler, Bart Ostro, Uwe Deichmann, Kirk Hamilton, and Katherine Bolt. ""Ambient Particulate Matter Concentrations in Residential and Pollution Hotspot Areas of World Cities: New Estimates Based on the Global Model of Ambient Particulates (GMAPS),"" World Bank, Development Research Group and Environment Department (2006).; World Resources Institute. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Bank, World Development Indicators 2001. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2001. via ciesin.org; Wild Areas Project (WAP), joint Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) and CIESIN project to map the last wild places on the earth's surface. Accessed via ciesin.org; World Bank staff estimates based on sources and methods in Arundhati Kunte and others' ""Estimating National Wealth: Methodology and Results"" (1998).; Kiran D. Pandey and others' ""The Human Costs of Air Pollution: New Estimates for Developing Countries"" (2006).; The Changing Wealth of Nations: Measuring Sustainable Development in the New Millennium. GDP figures sourced from World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; World Bank national accounts data files.; World Resources Institute. 2003. Carbon Emissions from energy use and cement manufacturing, 1850 to 2000. Available on-line through the Climate Analysis Indicators Tool (CAIT) at Washington, DC: World Resources Institute; World Bank staff estimates.; World Bank staff estimates based on Samuel Fankhauser's ""Valuing Climate Change: The Economics of the Greenhouse"" (1995).; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Global Environmental Monitoring System/Water Quality Monitoring System, with data for an additional 29 countries from Prescott-Allen, R. The Well being of Nations, Washington, DC: Island Press, 2001; United Nations Statistics Division Original html; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

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