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Agriculture > Arable land > Hectares: Arable land (in hectares) includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded.
Economy > Population below poverty line: National estimates of the percentage of the population lying below the poverty line are based on surveys of sub-groups, with the results weighted by the number of people in each group. Definitions of poverty vary considerably among nations. For example, rich nations generally employ more generous standards of poverty than poor nations.
Geography > Area > Comparative: The area of various small countries expressed in comparison to various areas within the United States of America.
Geography > Area > Land: Total land area in square kilometres
Geography > Area > Total: Total area in square kilometers
Geography > Climate: A brief description of typical weather regimes throughout the year.
Geography > Geographic coordinates: This entry includes rounded latitude and longitude figures for the purpose of finding the approximate geographic center of an entity and is based on the Gazetteer of Conventional Names, Third Edition, August 1988, US Board on Geographic Names and on other sources.
Government > Constitution: The dates of adoption, revisions, and major amendments to a nation's constitution
Government > Government type: A description of the basic form of government (e.g., republic, constitutional monarchy, federal republic, parliamentary democracy, military dictatorship).
Government > Legal system: A brief description of the legal system's historical roots, role in government, and acceptance of International Court of Justice (ICJ) jurisdiction.
Government > Legislative branch: This entry contains information on the structure (unicameral, bicameral, tricameral), formal name, number of seats, and term of office. Elections includes the nature of election process or accession to power, date of the last election, and date of the next election. Election results includes the percent of vote and/or number of seats held by each party in the last election.
Government > Suffrage: The age at enfranchisement and whether the right to vote is universal or restricted
Health > Physicians > Per 1,000 people: Physicians are defined as graduates of any facility or school of medicine who are working in the country in any medical field (practice, teaching, research).
People > Ethnic groups: This entry provides a rank ordering of ethnic groups starting with the largest and normally includes the percent of total population.
Religion > Religions: This entry includes a rank ordering of religions by adherents starting with the largest group and sometimes includes the percent of total population.
Government > Judicial branch: The name(s) of the highest court(s) and a brief description of the selection process for members.
Geography > Land area > Sq. km: Land area is a country's total area, excluding area under inland water bodies, national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones. In most cases the definition of inland water bodies includes major rivers and lakes."
People > Birth rate: The average annual number of births during a year per 1,000 persons in the population at midyear; also known as crude birth rate. The birth rate is usually the dominant factor in determining the rate of population growth. It depends on both the level of fertility and the age structure of the population.
Crime > Assault rate: Number of assaults recorded by police per 100,000 population
Economy > Budget > Revenues: Revenues calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms
Industry > Manufacturing output: Industry corresponds to ISIC divisions 10-45 and includes manufacturing (ISIC divisions 15-37). It comprises value added in mining, manufacturing (also reported as a separate subgroup), construction, electricity, water, and gas. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant 2000 U.S. dollars."
Government > Political parties and leaders: Significant political organizations and their leaders.
Economy > Economy > Overview: This entry briefly describes the type of economy, including the degree of market orientation, the level of economic development, the most important natural resources, and the unique areas of specialization. It also characterizes major economic events and policy changes in the most recent 12 months and may include a statement about one or two key future macroeconomic trends.
Government > Executive branch > Cabinet: Cabinet includes the official name for any body of high-ranking advisers roughly comparable to a U.S. Cabinet. Also notes the method for selection of members.
Health > Hospital beds > Per 1,000 people: Hospital beds include inpatient beds available in public, private, general, and specialized hospitals and rehabilitation centers. In most cases beds for both acute and chronic care are included.
Economy > GDP > Per capita: This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States. This is the measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living conditions or use of resources across countries. The measure is difficult to compute, as a US dollar value has to be assigned to all goods and services in the country regardless of whether these goods and services have a direct equivalent in the United States (for example, the value of an ox-cart or non-US military equipment); as a result, PPP estimates for some countries are based on a small and sometimes different set of goods and services. In addition, many countries do not formally participate in the World Bank's PPP project that calculates these measures, so the resulting GDP estimates for these countries may lack precision. For many developing countries, PPP-based GDP measures are multiples of the official exchange rate (OER) measure. The difference between the OER- and PPP-denominated GDP values for most of the weathly industrialized countries are generally much smaller. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Agriculture > Rural population: Total population living in rural areas. Future estimates are from the UN Population Division.
Energy > Electricity > Consumption > Per capita: Total electricity consumed annually plus imports and minus exports, expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
People > Death rate: The average annual number of deaths during a year per 1,000 population at midyear; also known as crude death rate. The death rate, while only a rough indicator of the mortality situation in a country, accurately indicates the current mortality impact on population growth. This indicator is significantly affected by age distribution, and most countries will eventually show a rise in the overall death rate, in spite of continued decline in mortality at all ages, as declining fertility results in an aging population.
Government > Political pressure groups and leaders: Organizations with leaders involved in politics, but not standing for legislative election.
Geography > Natural resources: A country's mineral, petroleum, hydropower, and other resources of commercial importance.
Crime > Burglaries: Number of burglaries recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population.
Energy > Electricity > Consumption: Total electricity consumed annually plus imports and minus exports, expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution.
Geography > Surface area > Sq. km: Surface area is a country's total area, including areas under inland bodies of water and some coastal waterways.
People > Population growth rate: The average annual percent change in the population, resulting from a surplus (or deficit) of births over deaths and the balance of migrants entering and leaving a country. The rate may be positive or negative. The growth rate is a factor in determining how great a burden would be imposed on a country by the changing needs of its people for infrastructure (e.g., schools, hospitals, housing, roads), resources (e.g., food, water, electricity), and jobs. Rapid population growth can be seen as threatening by neighboring countries.
Geography > Area > Land > Per capita: Total land area in square kilometres Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Media > Telephones > Mobile cellular > Per capita: The total number of mobile cellular telephones in use. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Crime > Robberies: Number of robberies recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population.
Military > Personnel > Per capita: Armed forces personnel are active duty military personnel, including paramilitary forces if the training, organization, equipment, and control suggest they may be used to support or replace regular military forces. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Military > War deaths: Battle-related deaths are deaths in battle-related conflicts between warring parties in the conflict dyad (two conflict units that are parties to a conflict). Typically, battle-related deaths occur in warfare involving the armed forces of the warring parties. This includes traditional battlefield fighting, guerrilla activities, and all kinds of bombardments of military units, cities, and villages, etc. The targets are usually the military itself and its installations or state institutions and state representatives, but there is often substantial collateral damage in the form of civilians being killed in crossfire, in indiscriminate bombings, etc. All deaths--military as well as civilian--incurred in such situations, are counted as battle-related deaths."
Agriculture > Agricultural growth: Index of agricultural production in 1996 - 98 (1989 - 91 = 100)
Economy > Public debt: This entry records the cumulatiive total of all government borrowings less repayments that are denominated in a country's home currency. Public debt should not be confused with external debt, which reflects the foreign currency liabilities of both the private and public sector and must be financed out of foreign exchange earnings.
Economy > Inflation rate > Consumer prices: This entry furnishes the annual percent change in consumer prices compared with the previous year's consumer prices.
Crime > Kidnappings: Number of kidnappings recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population.
Language > Languages: A rank ordering of languages starting with the largest and sometimes includes the percent of total population speaking that language.
Media > Personal computers > Per capita: Personal computers are self-contained computers designed to be used by a single individual. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Government > Administrative divisions: This entry generally gives the numbers, designatory terms, and first-order administrative divisions as approved by the US Board on Geographic Names (BGN). Changes that have been reported but not yet acted on by BGN are noted.
Education > Literacy > Total population: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
Economy > Distribution of family income > Gini index: This index measures the degree of inequality in the distribution of family income in a country. The index is calculated from the Lorenz curve, in which cumulative family income is plotted against the number of families arranged from the poorest to the ric
Religion > Religions > All: This entry includes a rank ordering of religions by adherents starting with the largest group and sometimes includes the percent of total population.
Energy > Oil > Consumption > Per capita: This entry is the total oil consumed in barrels per day (bbl/day). The discrepancy between the amount of oil produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes, refinery gains, and other complicating factors. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Agriculture > Cereal yield > Kg per hectare: Cereal yield, measured as kilograms per hectare of harvested land, includes wheat, rice, maize, barley, oats, rye, millet, sorghum, buckwheat, and mixed grains. Production data on cereals relate to crops harvested for dry grain only. Cereal crops harvested for hay or harvested green for food, feed, or silage and those used for grazing are excluded."
People > Population in 2015: (Thousands) Medium-variant projections.
Geography > Terrain: A brief description of the topography
Education > High school enrolment rate: Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year.
Health > Life expectancy at birth > Total population: The average number of years to be lived by a group of people born in the same year, if mortality at each age remains constant in the future. Life expectancy at birth is also a measure of overall quality of life in a country and summarizes the mortality at all ages. It can also be thought of as indicating the potential return on investment in human capital and is necessary for the calculation of various actuarial measures.
Military > Service age and obligation: This entry gives the required ages for voluntary or conscript military service and the length of sevice obligation.
Geography > Location: The country's regional location, neighboring countries, and adjacent bodies of water.
Labor > Labor force > By occupation: Component parts of the labor force by occupation.
Labor > Unemployment rate: The percent of the labor force that is without jobs. Substantial underemployment might be noted.
Economy > Tourist arrivals > Per capita: International inbound tourists (overnight visitors) are the number of tourists who travel to a country other than that in which they have their usual residence, but outside their usual environment, for a period not exceeding 12 months and whose main purpose in visiting is other than an activity remunerated from within the country visited. When data on number of tourists are not available, the number of visitors, which includes tourists, same-day visitors, cruise passengers, and crew members, is shown instead. Sources and collection methods for arrivals differ across countries. In some cases data are from border statistics (police, immigration, and the like) and supplemented by border surveys. In other cases data are from tourism accommodation establishments. For some countries number of arrivals is limited to arrivals by air and for others to arrivals staying in hotels. Some countries include arrivals of nationals residing abroad while others do not. Caution should thus be used in comparing arrivals across countries. The data on inbound tourists refer to the number of arrivals, not to the number of people traveling. Thus a person who makes several trips to a country during a given period is counted each time as a new arrival." Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Media > Households with television: Households with television are the share of households with a television set. Some countries report only the number of households with a color television set, and therefore the true number may be higher than reported.
Health > Birth rate > Crude > Per 1,000 people: Crude birth rate indicates the number of live births occurring during the year, per 1,000 population estimated at midyear. Subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate provides the rate of natural increase, which is equal to the population growth rate in the absence of migration.
Military > WMD > Nuclear: A description of the nation's situation with regards to the possession and manufacture of nuclear weapons
Government > Executive branch > Head of government: Head of government includes the name and title of the top administrative leader who is designated to manage the day-to-day activities of the government. For example, in the UK, the monarch is the chief of state, and the prime minister is the head of government. In the US, the president is both the chief of state and the head of government.
Geography > Coastline: The total length of the boundary between the land area (including islands) and the sea.
Labor > Labor force: The total labor force figure
Environment > Current issues: This entry lists the most pressing and important environmental problems. The following terms and abbreviations are used throughout the entry:
Energy > Oil > Consumption: This entry is the total oil consumed in barrels per day (bbl/day). The discrepancy between the amount of oil produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes, refinery gains, and other complicating factors.
Energy > Oil > Production > Per capita: This entry is the total oil produced in barrels per day (bbl/day). The discrepancy between the amount of oil produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes, refinery gains, and other complicating factors. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Military > WMD > Missile: A description of the nation's situation with regards to the possession and manufacture of missile weapons of mass destruction
People > Total fertility rate: The average number of children that would be born per woman if all women lived to the end of their child-bearing years and bore children according to a given fertility rate at each age. The total fertility rate is a more direct measure of the level of fertility than the crude birth rate, since it refers to births per woman. This indicator shows the potential for population growth in the country. High rates will also place some limits on the labor force participation rates for women. Large numbers of children born to women indicate large family sizes that might limit the ability of the families to feed and educate their children.
Media > Television receivers > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Government > Executive branch > Chief of state: The name and title of any person or role roughly equivalent to a U.S. Chief of State. This means the titular leader of the country who represents the state at official and ceremonial functions but may not be involved with the day-to-day activities of the government
Government > Diplomatic representation from the US > Mailing address: This entry includes the chief of mission, embassy address, mailing address, telephone number, FAX number, branch office locations, consulate general locations, and consulate locations.
Economy > GDP > Purchasing power parity: This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States. This is the measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living conditions or use of resources across countries. The measure is difficult to compute, as a US dollar value has to be assigned to all goods and services in the country regardless of whether these goods and services have a direct equivalent in the United States (for example, the value of an ox-cart or non-US military equipment); as a result, PPP estimates for some countries are based on a small and sometimes different set of goods and services. In addition, many countries do not formally participate in the World Bank's PPP project that calculates these measures, so the resulting GDP estimates for these countries may lack precision. For many developing countries, PPP-based GDP measures are multiples of the official exchange rate (OER) measure. The difference between the OER- and PPP-denominated GDP values for most of the weathly industrialized countries are generally much smaller.
Government > Capital city > Name: This entry gives the name of the seat of government, its geographic coordinates, the time difference relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and the time observed in Washington, DC, and, if applicable, information on daylight saving time (DST). Where appropriate, a special note has been added to highlight those countries that have multiple time zones.
Government > Capital city > Geographic coordinates: This entry gives the name of the seat of government, its geographic coordinates, the time difference relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and the time observed in Washington, DC, and, if applicable, information on daylight saving time (DST). Where appropriate, a special note has been added to highlight those countries that have multiple time zones.
Government > International organization participation: This entry lists in alphabetical order by abbreviation those international organizations in which the subject country is a member or participates in some other way.
People > Age dependency ratio > Dependents to working-age population: Age dependency ratio is the ratio of dependents--people younger than 15 or older than 64--to the working-age population--those ages 15-64. For example, 0.7 means there are 7 dependents for every 10 working-age people.
Crime > Assaults: Number of assaults recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population.
Geography > Area > Water: Total water area in square kilometers
People > Age structure > 0-14 years: The distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group (0-14 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest.
Transport > Airports: Total number of airports. Runways must be useable, but may be unpaved. May not have facilities for refuelling, maintenance, or air traffic control.
Geography > Area > Comparative to US places: This entry provides an area comparison based on total area equivalents. Most entities are compared with the entire US or one of the 50 states based on area measurements (1990 revised) provided by the US Bureau of the Census. The smaller entities are compared with Washington, DC (178 sq km, 69 sq mi) or The Mall in Washington, DC (0.59 sq km, 0.23 sq mi, 146 acres).
Economy > Fiscal year: The beginning and ending months for a country's accounting period of 12 months, which often is the calendar year but which may begin in any month. All yearly references are for the calendar year (CY) unless indicated as a noncalendar fiscal year (FY).
Crime > Auto theft: Number of motor vehicle thefts (car thefts) recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population.
People > Age structure > 65 years and over: The distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group (0-14 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest."
Economy > GDP > Composition by sector > Industry: The gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods produced by the industrial sector within a nation in a given year. GDP dollar estimates in the Factbook are derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) calculations. See the CIA World Factbook for more information.
Geography > Population density > People per sq. km: Population density is midyear population divided by land area in square kilometers. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. Land area is a country's total area, excluding area under inland water bodies, national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones. In most cases the definition of inland water bodies includes major rivers and lakes.
Crime > Murders > WHO: Intentional homicide rate is the estimate of intentional homicides in a country as a result of domestic disputes that end in a killing, interpersonal violence, violent conflicts over land resources, inter-gang violence over turf or control, and predatory violence and killing by armed groups. The term, intentional homicide, is broad, but it does not include all intentional killing. In particular, deaths arising from armed conflict are usually considered separately. The difference is usually described by the organisation of the killing. Individuals or small groups usually commit homicide, whereas the killing in armed conflict is usually committed by more or less cohesive groups of up to several hundred members. Two main sources of data are presented: criminal justice (law enforcement) measures (this series), supplemented by data from national statistical agencies, and measures from public health sources (see other intentional homicide series). These various sources measure slightly different phenomena and are therefore unlikely to provide identical numbers."
Industry > Patent applications > Residents > Per capita: Patent applications are applications filed with a national patent office for exclusive rights for an invention--a product or process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem. A patent provides protection for the invention to the owner of the patent for a limited period, generally 20 years. Per capita figures expressed per 1 million population.
People > Nationality > Noun: The noun which identifies citizens of the nation
Economy > Inequality > GINI index: Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household. The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality."
Agriculture > Cultivable land > Hectares: Cultivable land (in hectares) includes land defined by the Food and Agriculture Organisation as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded."
Transport > Waterways: The total length and individual names of navigable rivers, canals, and other inland bodies of water.
Education > Literacy > Female: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Industry: This entry lists the percentage distribution of the labor force by occupation. The distribution will total less than 100 percent if the data are incomplete.
Agriculture > Farm workers: Agricultural employment shows the number of agricultural workers in the agricultural sector.
Crime > Serious assault rate: Number of major assaults recorded by police per 100,000 population
Economy > Tax > Highest marginal tax rate > Individual rate: Highest marginal tax rate (individual rate) is the highest rate shown on the schedule of tax rates applied to the taxable income of individuals.
Health > Infant mortality rate > Total: This entry gives the number of deaths of infants under one year old in a given year per 1,000 live births in the same year; included is the total death rate, and deaths by sex, male and female. This rate is often used as an indicator of the level of health in a country.
Geography > Elevation extremes > Highest point: Highest point above sea level
Economy > Technology index: The technology index denotes the country's technological readiness. This index is created with such indicators as companies spending on R&D, the creativity of its scientific community, personal computer and internet penetration rates.
Agriculture > Agricultural growth per capita: Net per capita agricultural production, expressed in International Dollars. Net means after deduction of feed and seed. International Dollars are calculated using the Geary-Khamis formula, which is designed to neutralize irrelevant exchange rate movements (more information on http://faostat3.fao.org/faostat-gateway/go/to/mes/glossary/*/E)
Agriculture > Products: Major agricultural crops and products
Economy > Population below poverty line > Per capita: National estimates of the percentage of the population lying below the poverty line are based on surveys of sub-groups, with the results weighted by the number of people in each group. Definitions of poverty vary considerably among nations. For example, rich nations generally employ more generous standards of poverty than poor nations. Per capita figures expressed per 1 million population.
Economy > Big Mac Index: Price of a McDonald's Big Mac in US Dollars at current exchange rates. January 12th, 2006.
Education > College and university > Gender ratio: Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment is the percentage of men to women enrolled at tertiary level in public and private schools.
Agriculture > Produce > Crop > Production index: Crop production index shows agricultural production for each year relative to the base period 1999-2001. It includes all crops except fodder crops. Regional and income group aggregates for the FAO's production indexes are calculated from the underlying values in international dollars, normalized to the base period 1999-2001.
Geography > Total area > Sq. km: Surface area is a country's total area, including areas under inland bodies of water and some coastal waterways."
Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Agriculture: This entry lists the percentage distribution of the labor force by occupation. The distribution will total less than 100 percent if the data are incomplete.
Religion > Seventh-day Adventist Membership: This entry lists Seventh-day Adventist membership worldwide as of 2004. Membership is defined as baptised and active.
Energy > Electricity > Production: The annual electricity generated expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution.
Transport > Highways > Total > Per capita: total length of the highway system Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Transport > Vehicles > Per km of road: Vehicles per kilometer of road include cars, buses, and freight vehicles but do not include two-wheelers. Roads refer to motorways, highways, main or national roads, secondary or regional roads, and other roads. A motorway is a road specially designed and built for motor traffic that separates the traffic flowing in opposite directions."
People > Cities > Urban population: Total population living in urban areas. The defition of an urban area differs for each country. Future estimates are from the UN Population Division.
Geography > Land use > Arable land: The percentage of used land that is arable. Arable land is land cultivated for crops that are replanted after each harvest like wheat, maize, and rice
Transport > Motor vehicles > Per 1,000 people: Motor vehicles include cars, buses, and freight vehicles but do not include two-wheelers. Population refers to midyear population in the year for which data are available."
Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Services: This entry lists the percentage distribution of the labor force by occupation. The distribution will total less than 100 percent if the data are incomplete.
Transport > Passenger cars > Per 1,000 people: Passenger cars refer to road motor vehicles, other than two-wheelers, intended for the carriage of passengers and designed to seat no more than nine people (including the driver)."
Agriculture > Produce > Food > Production index: Food production index covers food crops that are considered edible and that contain nutrients. Coffee and tea are excluded because, although edible, they have no nutritive value.
Media > Radio broadcast stations: The total number of AM, FM, and shortwave broadcast stations.
People > Sex ratio > Total population: The number of males for each female one of five age groups - at birth, under 15 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over, and for the total population. Sex ratio at birth has recently emerged as an indicator of certain kinds of sex discrimination in some countries. For instance, high sex ratios at birth in some Asian countries are now attributed to sex-selective abortion and infanticide due to a strong preference for sons. This will affect future marriage patterns and fertility patterns. Eventually it could cause unrest among young adult males who are unable to find partners.
Health > Fertility rate > Total > Births per woman: Total fertility rate represents the number of children that would be born to a woman if she were to live to the end of her childbearing years and bear children in accordance with current age-specific fertility rates.
Sports > Chess > GrandMasters: Number of GrandMaster chess champions, by country. A GrandMaster is the highest level of recognition in chess.
Government > Executive branch > Elections: Elections includes the nature of election process or accession to power, date of the last election, and date of the next election
Crime > Software piracy rate: The piracy rate is the total number of units of pirated software deployed in 2007 divided by the total units of software installed.
Economy > Budget > Expenditures: Expenditures calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms
People > Sex ratio > At birth: The number of males for each female one of five age groups - at birth, under 15 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over, and for the total population. Sex ratio at birth has recently emerged as an indicator of certain kinds of sex discrimination in some countries. For instance, high sex ratios at birth in some Asian countries are now attributed to sex-selective abortion and infanticide due to a strong preference for sons. This will affect future marriage patterns and fertility patterns. Eventually it could cause unrest among young adult males who are unable to find partners.
Health > HIV AIDS > People living with HIV AIDS > Per capita: An estimate of all people (adults and children) alive at yearend with HIV infection, whether or not they have developed symptoms of AIDS. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Economy > GINI index: Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household. The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality.
Economy > Tourist arrivals: International inbound tourists (overnight visitors) are the number of tourists who travel to a country other than that in which they have their usual residence, but outside their usual environment, for a period not exceeding 12 months and whose main purpose in visiting is other than an activity remunerated from within the country visited. When data on number of tourists are not available, the number of visitors, which includes tourists, same-day visitors, cruise passengers, and crew members, is shown instead. Sources and collection methods for arrivals differ across countries. In some cases data are from border statistics (police, immigration, and the like) and supplemented by border surveys. In other cases data are from tourism accommodation establishments. For some countries number of arrivals is limited to arrivals by air and for others to arrivals staying in hotels. Some countries include arrivals of nationals residing abroad while others do not. Caution should thus be used in comparing arrivals across countries. The data on inbound tourists refer to the number of arrivals, not to the number of people traveling. Thus a person who makes several trips to a country during a given period is counted each time as a new arrival."
Economy > Budget > Revenues > Per capita: Revenues calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Economy > Inbound tourism income > Current US$: International tourism receipts are expenditures by international inbound visitors, including payments to national carriers for international transport. These receipts include any other prepayment made for goods or services received in the destination country. They also may include receipts from same-day visitors, except when these are important enough to justify separate classification. For some countries they do not include receipts for passenger transport items. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
Media > Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers > Per 1,000 people: Fixed lines are telephone mainlines connecting a customer's equipment to the public switched telephone network. Mobile phone subscribers refer to users of portable telephones subscribing to an automatic public mobile telephone service using cellular technology that provides access to the public switched telephone network.
Economy > Tax > Tax rates: Revenue is cash receipts from taxes, social contributions, and other revenues such as fines, fees, rent, and income from property or sales. Grants are also considered as revenue but are excluded here."
Military > Armed forces personnel > Total: Armed forces personnel are active duty military personnel, including paramilitary forces if the training, organisation, equipment, and control suggest they may be used to support or replace regular military forces."
Media > Internet > Users > Per capita: This entry gives the number of users within a country that access the Internet. Statistics vary from country to country and may include users who access the Internet at least several times a week to those who access it only once within a period of several months. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Economy > GDP per person: GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Education > Secondary education > Teachers > Per capita: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Religion > Islam > Percentage Muslim: Percent of Muslims in each country.
Industry > Car > Production: OICA defines passenger cars as motor vehicles used for transporting passengers with at least four wheels and containing 8 seats or less.
Geography > Natural hazards: Potential natural disasters.
Labor > Employment rate > Adults: Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15 and older are generally considered the working-age population.
Industry > Manufacturing > Value added > Constant 2000 US$: Manufacturing refers to industries belonging to ISIC divisions 15-37. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are expressed constant 2000 U.S. dollars.
Government > Flag description: A written flag description produced from actual flags or the best information available at the time the entry was written. The flags of independent states are used by their dependencies unless there is an officially recognized local flag. Some disputed and other areas do not have flags.
Geography > Rural population density > Rural population per sq. km of arable land: Rural population density is the rural population divided by the arable land area. Rural population is calculated as the difference between the total population and the urban population. Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded.
Economy > Debt > External: Total public and private debt owed to non-residents repayable in foreign currency, goods, or services.
Media > Televisions: The total number of televisions
Agriculture > Agricultural machinery > Tractors > Per capita: Agricultural machinery refers to the number of wheel and crawler tractors (excluding garden tractors) in use in agriculture at the end of the calendar year specified or during the first quarter of the following year. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Media > Telephones > Main lines in use > Per capita: The total number of main telephone lines in use. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Education > School life expectancy > Total: School life expectancy and transition from primary to secondary for school years 1998/99 and 1999/00, published in http://www.uis.unesco.org accessed on Sept. 2002 and Women's Indicators and Statistics Database (Wistat), Version 4, CD-ROM (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.00.XVII.4) based on data provided by UNESCO in 1999.
Economy > Debt > External > Per capita: Total public and private debt owed to non-residents repayable in foreign currency, goods, or services. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Economy > GDP > Composition by sector > Services: The gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final services produced within a nation in a given year. GDP dollar estimates in the Factbook are derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) calculations. See the CIA World Factbook for more information.
Media > Internet users > Per 100 people: Internet users are people with access to the worldwide network.
Energy > Electricity > Production > Per capita: The annual electricity generated expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.

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STAT	Japan	Serbia and Montenegro
Agriculture > Arable land > Hectares	4.36 million hectares Ranked 24th. 24% more than Serbia and Montenegro	3.5 million hectares Ranked 26th.
Economy > Population below poverty line	16% Ranked 32nd. 82% more than Serbia and Montenegro	8.8% Ranked 12th.
Geography > Area > Comparative	slightly smaller than California	slightly larger than South Carolina
Geography > Area > Land	374,744 sq km Ranked 60th. 5 times more than Serbia and Montenegro	77,474 sq km Ranked 114th.
Geography > Area > Total	377,915 sq km Ranked 63th. 5 times more than Serbia and Montenegro	77,474 sq km Ranked 122nd.
Geography > Climate	varies from tropical in south to cool temperate in north	in the north, continental climate (cold winters and hot, humid summers with well distributed rainfall); in other parts, continental and Mediterranean climate (relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall and hot, dry summers and autumns)
Geography > Geographic coordinates	36 00 N, 138 00 E	44 00 N, 21 00 E
Government > Constitution	previous 1890; latest approved 6 October 1946, adopted 3 November 1946, effective 3 May 1947	adopted 8 November 2006; effective 10 November 2006
Government > Government type	a parliamentary government with a constitutional monarchy	republic
Government > Legal system	civil law system based on German model; system also reflects Anglo-American influence and Japanese traditions; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court	based on civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; note - Serbia is working to reform its justice sector and harmonize its judicial systems with EU standards
Government > Legislative branch	bicameral Diet or Kokkai consists of the House of Councillors or Sangi-in (242 seats - members elected for fixed six-year terms; half reelected every three years; 146 members in multi-seat constituencies and 96 by proportional representation) and the House of Representatives or Shugi-in (480 seats - members elected for maximum four-year terms; 300 in single-seat constituencies; 180 members by proportional representation in 11 regional blocs); the prime minister has the right to dissolve the House of Representatives at any time with the concurrence of the cabinet	unicameral National Assembly
Government > Suffrage	20 years of age; universal	18
Health > Physicians > Per 1,000 people	2 per 1,000 people Ranked 37th.	2.06 per 1,000 people Ranked 36th. 3% more than Japan
People > Ethnic groups	Japanese 98.5%, Koreans 0.5%, Chinese 0.4%, other 0.6%	Serb 82.9%, Hungarian 3.9%, Romany (Gypsy) 1.4%, Yugoslavs 1.1%, Bosniaks 1.8%, Montenegrin 0.9%, other 8%
Religion > Religions	observe both Shinto and Buddhist 84%, other 16% (including Christian 0.7%)	Serbian Orthodox 85%, Catholic 5.5%, Protestant 1.1%, Muslim 3.2%, unspecified 2.6%, other, unknown, or atheist 2.6%
Government > Judicial branch	Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the monarch after designation by the cabinet; all other justices are appointed by the cabinet)	courts of general jurisdiction (municipal courts, district courts, Appellate Courts, the Supreme Court of Cassation); courts of special jurisdiction (commercial courts, the High Commercial Court, the High Magistrates Court, the Administrative Court)
Geography > Land area > Sq. km	364,500 sq km Ranked 59th. 4 times more than Serbia and Montenegro	88,360 sq km Ranked 106th.
People > Birth rate	8.23 births/1,000 population Ranked 219th.	9.19 births/1,000 population Ranked 201st. 12% more than Japan
Crime > Assault rate	51 Ranked 56th. 38% more than Serbia and Montenegro	36.9 Ranked 64th.
Economy > Budget > Revenues	$1.99 trillion Ranked 2nd. 121 times more than Serbia and Montenegro	$16.47 billion Ranked 67th.
Industry > Manufacturing output	1.65 trillion Ranked 3rd. 972 times more than Serbia and Montenegro	1.7 billion Ranked 92nd.
Government > Political parties and leaders	Democratic Party of Japan or DPJ [Banri KAIEDA]<br />Japan Communist Party or JCP [Kazuo SHII]<br />Japan Restoration Party or JRP [Shintaro ISHIHARA]<br />Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Shinzo ABE]<br />New Komeito or NK [Natsuo YAMAGUCHI]<br />People's Life Party or PF [Ichiro OZAWA]<br />Social Democratic Party or SDP [Mizuho FUKUSHIMA]<br />Tomorrow Party of Japan or TPJ [Tomoko ABE]<br />Your Party or YP [Yoshimi WATANABE]	Coalition for Sandzak or KZS [Sulejman UGLJANIN]; Democratic Party or DS [Boris TADIC]; Democratic Party of Albanians or PDSh [Ragmi MUSTAFA]; Democratic Party of Serbia or DSS [Vojislav KOSTUNICA]; Democratic Union of the Valley or BDL [Skender DESTANI]; Force of Serbia Movement or PSS [Bogoljub KARIC]; G17 Plus [Mladjan DINKIC]; League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina or LSV [Nenad CANAK]; League of Vojvodina Hungarians or SVM [Istvan PASTOR]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Cedomir JOVANOVIC]; Movement for Democratic Progress or LPD [Jonuz MUSLIU]; New Serbia or NS [Velimir ILIC]; Party of Democratic Action or PVD [Riza HALIMI]; Party of United Pensioners of Serbia or PUPS [Jovan KRKOBABIC]; People's Party or NS [Maja GOJKOVIC]; Roma Party or RP [Srdjan SAJN]; Sandzak Democratic Party or SDP [Resad HODZIC]; Serbian Progressive Party or SNS [Tomislav NIKOLIC]; Serbian Radical Party or SRS [Vojislav SESELJ (currently on trial at The Hague), with Dragan TODOROVIC as acting leader]; Serbian Renewal Movement or SPO [Vuk DRASKOVIC]; Social Democratic Party of Serbia or SDPS [Rasim LJAJIC]; Socialist Party of Serbia or SPS [Ivica DACIC]; Union of Roma of Serbia or URS [Rajko DJURIC]; United Serbia or JS [Dragan "Palma" MARKOVIC]
Economy > Economy > Overview	In the years following World War II, government-industry cooperation, a strong work ethic, mastery of high technology, and a comparatively small defense allocation (1% of GDP) helped Japan develop a technologically advanced economy. Two notable characteristics of the post-war economy were the close interlocking structures of manufacturers, suppliers, and distributors, known as keiretsu, and the guarantee of lifetime employment for a substantial portion of the urban labor force. Both features are now eroding under the dual pressures of global competition and domestic demographic change. Japan's industrial sector is heavily dependent on imported raw materials and fuels. A small agricultural sector is highly subsidized and protected, with crop yields among the highest in the world. While self-sufficient in rice production, Japan imports about 60% of its food on a caloric basis. For three decades, overall real economic growth had been spectacular - a 10% average in the 1960s, a 5% average in the 1970s, and a 4% average in the 1980s. Growth slowed markedly in the 1990s, averaging just 1.7%, largely because of the after effects of inefficient investment and an asset price bubble in the late 1980s that required a protracted period of time for firms to reduce excess debt, capital, and labor. Modest economic growth continued after 2000, but the economy has fallen into recession three times since 2008. A sharp downturn in business investment and global demand for Japan's exports in late 2008 pushed Japan into recession. Government stimulus spending helped the economy recover in late 2009 and 2010, but the economy contracted again in 2011 as the massive 9.0 magnitude earthquake and the ensuing tsunami in March disrupted manufacturing. The economy has largely recovered in the two years since the disaster, but reconstruction in the Tohoku region has been uneven. Newly-elected Prime Minister Shinzo ABE has declared the economy his government's top priority; he has pledged to reconsider his predecessor's plan to permanently close nuclear power plants and is pursuing an economic revitalization agenda of fiscal stimulus and regulatory reform and has said he will press the Bank of Japan to loosen monetary policy. Measured on a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis that adjusts for price differences, Japan in 2012 stood as the fourth-largest economy in the world after second-place China, which surpassed Japan in 2001, and third-place India, which edged out Japan in 2012. The new government will continue a longstanding debate on restructuring the economy and reining in Japan's huge government debt, which exceeds 200% of GDP. Persistent deflation, reliance on exports to drive growth, and an aging and shrinking population are other major long-term challenges for the economy.	MILOSEVIC-era mismanagement of the economy, an extended period of economic sanctions, and the damage to Yugoslavia's infrastructure and industry during the NATO airstrikes in 1999 left the economy only half the size it was in 1990. After the ousting of former Federal Yugoslav President MILOSEVIC in September 2000, the Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS) coalition government implemented stabilization measures and embarked on a market reform program. After renewing its membership in the IMF in December 2000, a down-sized Yugoslavia continued to reintegrate into the international community by rejoining the World Bank (IBRD) and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). A World Bank-European Commission sponsored Donors' Conference held in June 2001 raised $1.3 billion for economic restructuring. In November 2001, the Paris Club agreed to reschedule the country's $4.5 billion public debt and wrote off 66% of the debt. In July 2004, the London Club of private creditors forgave $1.7 billion of debt just over half the total owed. Belgrade has made only minimal progress in restructuring and privatizing its holdings in major sectors of the economy, including energy and telecommunications. It has made halting progress towards EU membership and is currently pursuing a Stabilization and Association Agreement with Brussels. Serbia is also pursuing membership in the World Trade Organization. Unemployment remains an ongoing political and economic problem.
Government > Executive branch > Cabinet	Cabinet is appointed by the prime minister	Republican Ministries act as cabinet
Health > Hospital beds > Per 1,000 people	14.3 per 1,000 people Ranked 1st. 2 times more than Serbia and Montenegro	6 per 1,000 people Ranked 14th.
Economy > GDP > Per capita	$33,523.37 per capita Ranked 25th. 3 times more than Serbia and Montenegro	$11,015.95 per capita Ranked 35th.
Agriculture > Rural population	15,225 Ranked 173th.	36,884 Ranked 85th. 2 times more than Japan
Energy > Electricity > Consumption > Per capita	7,701.96 kWh per capita Ranked 20th. 65% more than Serbia and Montenegro	4,666.96 kWh per capita Ranked 1st.
People > Death rate	9.27 deaths/1,000 population Ranked 60th.	13.85 deaths/1,000 population Ranked 16th. 49% more than Japan
Government > Political pressure groups and leaders	<strong>other: </strong>business groups; trade unions	Obraz (Orthodox clero-fascist organization); 1389 (Serbian nationalist movement)
Geography > Natural resources	negligible mineral resources, fish	oil, gas, coal, iron ore, copper, zinc, antimony, chromite, gold, silver, magnesium, pyrite, limestone, marble, salt, arable land
Crime > Burglaries	234 Ranked 2nd. 55% more than Serbia and Montenegro	151 Ranked 31st.
Energy > Electricity > Consumption	859.7 billion kWh Ranked 2nd. 25 times more than Serbia and Montenegro	34.1 billion kWh Ranked 3rd.
Geography > Surface area > Sq. km	377,910 kmÂ² Ranked 61st. 4 times more than Serbia and Montenegro	102,170 kmÂ² Ranked 107th.
People > Population growth rate	-0.1% Ranked 203th.	-0.467% Ranked 213th. 5 times more than Japan
Geography > Area > Land > Per capita	2.94 sq km per 1,000 people Ranked 190th.	7.63 sq km per 1,000 people Ranked 143th. 3 times more than Japan
Media > Telephones > Mobile cellular > Per capita	842.31 per 1,000 people Ranked 60th. 1% more than Serbia and Montenegro	832.79 per 1,000 people Ranked 61st.
Crime > Robberies	4 Ranked 63th.	37.5 Ranked 41st. 9 times more than Japan
Military > Personnel > Per capita	2.13 per 1,000 people Ranked 126th.	13.61 per 1,000 people Ranked 21st. 6 times more than Japan
Military > War deaths	0.0 Ranked 62nd.	0.0 Ranked 192nd.
Agriculture > Agricultural growth	98 Ranked 154th.	108 Ranked 101st. 10% more than Japan
Economy > Public debt	219.1% of GDP Ranked 2nd. 5 times more than Serbia and Montenegro	41.5% of GDP Ranked 61st.
Economy > Inflation rate > Consumer prices	0.0 Ranked 196th.	10.3% Ranked 22nd.
Crime > Kidnappings	0.15 Ranked 46th.	0.19 Ranked 43th. 27% more than Japan
Language > Languages	Japanese	Serbian 88.3% (official), Hungarian 3.8%, Bosniak 1.8%, Romany (Gypsy) 1.1%, other 4.1%, unknown 0.9%; <i>note:</i> Romanian, Hungarian, Slovak, Ukrainian, and Croatian all official in Vojvodina
Media > Personal computers > Per capita	541.63 per 1,000 people Ranked 17th. 11 times more than Serbia and Montenegro	48.12 per 1,000 people Ranked 86th.
Government > Administrative divisions	47 prefectures; Aichi, Akita, Aomori, Chiba, Ehime, Fukui, Fukuoka, Fukushima, Gifu, Gunma, Hiroshima, Hokkaido, Hyogo, Ibaraki, Ishikawa, Iwate, Kagawa, Kagoshima, Kanagawa, Kochi, Kumamoto, Kyoto, Mie, Miyagi, Miyazaki, Nagano, Nagasaki, Nara, Niigata, Oita, Okayama, Okinawa, Osaka, Saga, Saitama, Shiga, Shimane, Shizuoka, Tochigi, Tokushima, Tokyo, Tottori, Toyama, Wakayama, Yamagata, Yamaguchi, Yamanashi	167
Education > Literacy > Total population	99% Ranked 4th. 3% more than Serbia and Montenegro	96.4% Ranked 50th.
Economy > Distribution of family income > Gini index	37.6 Ranked 6th. 45% more than Serbia and Montenegro	26 Ranked 14th.
Religion > Religions > All	observe both Shinto and Buddhist 84%, other 16% (including Christian 0.7%)	Serbian Orthodox, Muslim, Roman Catholic, Protestant
Energy > Oil > Consumption > Per capita	39.29 bbl/day per 1,000 peopl Ranked 18th. 4 times more than Serbia and Montenegro	10.49 bbl/day per 1,000 peopl Ranked 105th.
Agriculture > Cereal yield > Kg per hectare	6,017 Ranked 15th. 31% more than Serbia and Montenegro	4,582.7 Ranked 28th.
People > Population in 2015	127,993 thousand Ranked 10th. 12 times more than Serbia and Montenegro	10,416 thousand Ranked 84th.
Geography > Terrain	mostly rugged and mountainous	extremely varied; to the north, rich fertile plains; to the east, limestone ranges and basins; to the southeast, ancient mountains and hills
Education > High school enrolment rate	100 Ranked 2nd. 1% more than Serbia and Montenegro	99.28 Ranked 21st.
Health > Life expectancy at birth > Total population	82.25 years Ranked 5th. 11% more than Serbia and Montenegro	74.32 years Ranked 99th.
Military > Service age and obligation	18 years of age for voluntary military service	19-35 years of age for compulsory military service; under a state of war or impending war, conscription can begin at age 16; conscription is to be abolished in 2010; 9-month service obligation, with a reserve obligation to age 60 for men and 50 for women
Geography > Location	Eastern Asia, island chain between the North Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan, east of the Korean Peninsula	Southeastern Europe, between Macedonia and Hungary
Labor > Labor force > By occupation	agriculture 4.6%, industry 27.8%, services 67.7%	agriculture NA, industry NA, services NA
Labor > Unemployment rate	5.1% Ranked 74th.	19.2% Ranked 4th. 4 times more than Japan
Economy > Tourist arrivals > Per capita	65.61 per 1,000 people Ranked 110th. 3% more than Serbia and Montenegro	63.59 per 1,000 people Ranked 112th.
Media > Households with television	99% Ranked 5th. 8% more than Serbia and Montenegro	91.81% Ranked 46th.
Health > Birth rate > Crude > Per 1,000 people	8.41 per 1,000 people Ranked 178th.	10.7 per 1,000 people Ranked 151st. 27% more than Japan
Military > WMD > Nuclear	Japan's "Atomic Energy Basic Law" allows only peaceful nuclear activities, and its "Three Non-Nuclear Principles" pledge that Japan will not possess, produce, or permit the introduction of nuclear weapons into the country. Despite Japan's long-standing stance against nuclear weapons, there was an internal debate in the early 1970s about whether Japan should sign the NPT, in part due to concerns about assuring access to nuclear technology to meet national energy needs, and the discriminatory nature of the treaty. Some conservatives were also concerned that closing off the nuclear option might negatively impact future national security needs. Japan has played an active role in nuclear nonproliferation and disarmament, and has proposed a process for the total elimination of nuclear weapons. Japan ratified the CTBT in 1997 and has been a strong supporter of a Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty (FMCT). However, Japan's security relationship with the United States has tempered Tokyo's emphasis on disarmament. For example, Japan remains quiet about the possible presence of nuclear warheads on U.S. ships and military bases in Japan. Japan increasingly relies on nuclear power for its electricity needs, and has a highly developed civilian nuclear sector. Japan has a controversial program for recycling spent nuclear fuel that has produced large quantities of plutonium in the form of metal-oxide nuclear fuel. At the end of 2001, Japan had more than 30 metric tons of spent fuel stored at reprocessing plants in Britain and France, along with a domestic stockpile of 5 to 6 tons. These nuclear fuel stockpiles will ultimately return to Japan for use in domestic nuclear facilities. The original plan called for consumption of the stored fuel by 2010, but due to technical and safety issues, this timetable has been delayed and return of the stored fuel to Japan is proceeding slowly. Some argue this material could provide Japan with a latent nuclear weapons capability. In addition, the new facility under constructing in Rokkasho (Aomori Prefecture) will increase Japanese domestic reprocessing capacity and potentially produce an additional 5 tons of metal-oxide nuclear fuel per year. Although anti-nuclear sentiment among the Japanese public has far outweighed support for keeping a nuclear option open, several neighboring countries have expressed concerns about possible Japanese nuclear ambitions. Partly in response to these fears, the Japanese government completed an internal study in 1995 that reaffirmed previous conclusions that developing nuclear weapons would damage both Japanâ€™s national security and regional security. However recent tension developing in the region, particularly in the Korean peninsula, has led to increased discussions in Japan about the once taboo subject of nuclear weapons development. Despite recent speculation that Japan may reconsider its nuclear options, the deep aversion to nuclear weapons among the Japanese public will likely make any move in this direction difficult.	The FRY currently has no active nuclear weapons program. From the early 1950s through the mid-1970s, Yugoslavia intermittently pursued both a nuclear energy and weapons program. The regime of Josip Tito, primarily driven by a desire for international status rather than security concerns, initiated the program in the late 1940s (though the Tito regime was truly frightened by the potential aggression of the Stalinist USSR and strengthened its defenses accordingly). Belgrade collaborated with Norway, which had an advanced nuclear research program, until Tito deactivated the weapons program in the early 1960s. After India conducted its first nuclear test in 1974, Yugoslavia restarted its weapons program to "compete" with its rival for leadership of the nonaligned movement. Limited financial resources and indifference among the nuclear scientists working on the program brought it to an end in 1987 without ever producing a functioning weapon. In August 2002, 48 kilograms of 80 percent highly enriched uranium (HEU) were transferred from the Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences near Belgrade to a processing plant in Dmitrovgrad, Russia. The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia acceded to the Treaty on Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) in 1970 and signed an Additional Protocol with the International Atomic Energy Agency in July 2005. (Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro, and Slovenia are signatories to the NPT.)
Government > Executive branch > Head of government	Prime Minister Shinzo ABE (since 26 December 2012); Deputy Prime Minister Taro ASO (since 26 December 2012)	Prime Minister Mirko CVETKOVIC (since 7 July 2008)
Geography > Coastline	29,751 km Ranked 6th.	0.0 Ranked 2nd.
Labor > Labor force	65.7 million Ranked 9th. 22 times more than Serbia and Montenegro	2.95 million Ranked 83th.
Environment > Current issues	air pollution from power plant emissions results in acid rain; acidification of lakes and reservoirs degrading water quality and threatening aquatic life; Japan is one of the largest consumers of fish and tropical timber, contributing to the depletion of these resources in Asia and elsewhere	air pollution around Belgrade and other industrial cities; water pollution from industrial wastes dumped into the Sava which flows into the Danube
Energy > Oil > Consumption	4.36 million bbl/day Ranked 4th. 48 times more than Serbia and Montenegro	90,000 bbl/day Ranked 73th.
Energy > Oil > Production > Per capita	1.02 bbl/day per 1,000 peopl Ranked 79th.	1.56 bbl/day per 1,000 peopl Ranked 3rd. 53% more than Japan
Military > WMD > Missile	Japan does not have a ballistic missile development program, but its space program includes a number of technologies that could potentially be adapted to long-range missiles. The solid-fueled M-5 rocket system, first launched in 1995, includes technologies that could be adapted to develop intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) capabilities roughly similar to those of the U.S. MX Peacekeeper missile. Japan's two-stage H-2 rocket is capable of placing a two-ton payload into orbit, but the H-2 is not optimal for ballistic missile applications due to its reliance on cryogenic liquid hydrogen and oxygen fuel. Japan lacks sophisticated command and control systems, as well as some guidance and warhead technology that would be necessary to develop operational missiles. Japan has partnered with the United States to research ballistic missile defenses (BMD), but has yet to make a final decision on future development and deployment. Many in Japan argue that a missile defense system would compliment the U.S. nuclear deterrent and defend against possible belligerents such as North Korea. Others argue that the system's costs outweigh the benefits, especially since the system's effectiveness is unproven. Missile defense also raises potential legal issues regarding Japanese legislation barring the military use of space. Japan is an active member of the MTCR and was involved in drafting the International Code of Conduct Against Ballistic Missile Proliferation (ICOC).	Yugoslavia has acquired and developed short-range tactical rockets and anti-aircraft systems, including the 262mm M-87 Orkan multiple rocket launcher produced at the Vogosca facility north of Sarajevo. Timer fuses for the rocket are produced at the Binas facility. Prior to Desert Storm, Yugoslavia worked cooperatively with Iraq in the latter's efforts to manufacture this rocket indigenously and others. The 2002 Boka Star incident included the confiscation of 208 solid-propellant rocket fuel components, as well as undocumented reports that the shipment included missiles. Belgrade and Baghdad cooperated on other military projects, including Iraq's transfer of production plans for the Al-Taw'han medium-range air-to-air missile and Yugoslavia's reported assistance with Iraq's Al-Samoud ballistic missile. There are unconfirmed reports that Serbia had a ballistic missile development program during the 1990s, which it may have abandoned due to financial constraints, while other companies were contracted though Jugoimport-SDPR for Iraq to provide for maintenance and adaptation of SA-2 and SA-6 anti-aircraft missiles. Yugoslavian air defenses extensively utilize Soviet/Russian short-range surface-to-air missiles (SAM), and Belgrade used the SA-2 SAM as a ballistic missile during the recent Balkan conflicts. Other medium-range missile systems employed by Belgrade include the Russian-made FROG-7 and the Swedish RBS-15F air-to-ship missile. The U.S. Embassy's 2002 non-paper claimed the FRY assisted both Libya and Iraq with their "long range" missile/rocket programs, sighting the presence of FRY missile specialists in Iraq throughout 2001. Other scientists from Belgrade have developed a plethora of dual-use technologies suitable for a "poor-man's" cruise missile, and are rumored to have helped Iraqi scientists convert Iraqi MiG-21 and other training vehicles into unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In January 2004, Serbia began destroying approximately 1,200 heat-seeking Strela shoulder-fired missiles after Russia, the United States, and 31 other nations pressured Belgrade to remove the obsolete weapons, fearing they might be diverted and used by terrorists. In a related development, NATO announced in March 2004 that it had destroyed 3,000 surface-to-air missiles in Croatia. In December of 2004, however, three Strela 2 missiles were intercepted by Albanian police en route to Macedonia. November 2004 events indicate the United States acquired a S-300 Russian missile defense system from Croatia. None of the former republics of Yugoslavia is a member of the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR).
People > Total fertility rate	1.39 children born/woman Ranked 203th.	1.4 children born/woman Ranked 194th. 1% more than Japan
Media > Television receivers > Per capita	686.01 per 1,000 people Ranked 6th. 3 times more than Serbia and Montenegro	259.34 per 1,000 people Ranked 60th.
Government > Executive branch > Chief of state	Emperor AKIHITO (since 7 January 1989)	President Boris TADIC (since 11 July 2004)
Government > Diplomatic representation from the US > Mailing address	Unit 9800, Box 300, APO AP 96303-0300	5070
Economy > GDP > Purchasing power parity	$4.58 trillion Ranked 4th. 57 times more than Serbia and Montenegro	$80.49 billion Ranked 78th.
Government > Capital city > Name	Tokyo	Belgrade (Beograd)
Government > Capital city > Geographic coordinates	35 41 N, 139 45 E	44
Government > International organization participation	ADB, AfDB (nonregional member), APEC, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE (observer), CERN (observer), CICA (observer), CP, EAS, EBRD, EITI (implementing country), FAO, FATF, G-20, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE (partner), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), SAARC (observer), SELEC (observer), SICA (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC	BSEC, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, G-9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM (observer), OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SECI, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
People > Age dependency ratio > Dependents to working-age population	0.51 Ranked 119th. 6% more than Serbia and Montenegro	0.48 Ranked 144th.
Crime > Assaults	51 Ranked 41st. 38% more than Serbia and Montenegro	36.9 Ranked 48th.
Geography > Area > Water	13,430 sq km Ranked 39th.	0.0 Ranked 1st.
People > Age structure > 0-14 years	13.4% Ranked 222nd.	15.1% Ranked 207th. 13% more than Japan
Transport > Airports	175 Ranked 33th. 6 times more than Serbia and Montenegro	29 Ranked 118th.
Geography > Area > Comparative to US places	slightly smaller than California	slightly smaller than South Carolina
Economy > Fiscal year	1	calendar year
Crime > Auto theft	28.3 Ranked 46th.	39 Ranked 42nd. 38% more than Japan
People > Age structure > 65 years and over	24.8% Ranked 2nd. 50% more than Serbia and Montenegro	16.5% Ranked 25th.
Economy > GDP > Composition by sector > Industry	27.5% Ranked 98th. 26% more than Serbia and Montenegro	21.9% Ranked 110th.
Geography > Population density > People per sq. km	350.55 people/mÂ² Ranked 21st. 4 times more than Serbia and Montenegro	79.06 people/mÂ² Ranked 98th.
Crime > Murders > WHO	0.5 Ranked 180th.	1.4 Ranked 146th. 3 times more than Japan
Industry > Patent applications > Residents > Per capita	2,836.05 per 1 million people Ranked 1st. 60 times more than Serbia and Montenegro	47.04 per 1 million people Ranked 34th.
People > Nationality > Noun	Japanese (singular and plural)	Serb(s)
Economy > Inequality > GINI index	24.85 Ranked 30th.	28.18 Ranked 3rd. 13% more than Japan
Agriculture > Cultivable land > Hectares	4.33 million Ranked 48th. 31% more than Serbia and Montenegro	3.3 million Ranked 59th.
Transport > Waterways	1,770 km Ranked 32nd. 3 times more than Serbia and Montenegro	587 km Ranked 15th.
Education > Literacy > Female	99% Ranked 4th. 5% more than Serbia and Montenegro	94.1% Ranked 56th.
Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Industry	26.2% Ranked 7th. 28% more than Serbia and Montenegro	20.5% Ranked 10th.
Agriculture > Farm workers	1.63 million Ranked 57th. 2 times more than Serbia and Montenegro	673,000 Ranked 81st.
Crime > Serious assault rate	26.7 Ranked 32nd. 68% more than Serbia and Montenegro	15.9 Ranked 38th.
Economy > Tax > Highest marginal tax rate > Individual rate	50% Ranked 6th. 3 times more than Serbia and Montenegro	15% Ranked 73th.
Health > Infant mortality rate > Total	2.78 deaths/1,000 live births Ranked 212th.	6.52 deaths/1,000 live births Ranked 166th. 2 times more than Japan
Crime > United States extradition treaties > Entered into force	March 26, 1980	June 12, 1902
Geography > Elevation extremes > Highest point	Fujiyama 3,776 m	Midzor 2,169 m
Economy > Technology index	5.68 Ranked 5th. 72% more than Serbia and Montenegro	3.3 Ranked 74th.
Agriculture > Agricultural growth per capita	97 Int. $ Ranked 112th.	111 Int. $ Ranked 48th. 14% more than Japan
Agriculture > Products	rice, sugar beets, vegetables, fruit; pork, poultry, dairy products, eggs; fish	wheat, maize, sugar beets, sunflower, raspberries; beef, pork, milk
Economy > Population below poverty line > Per capita	0.123% per 1 million people Ranked 23th.	1.2% per 1 million people Ranked 4th. 10 times more than Japan
Economy > Big Mac Index	$2.19 Ranked 37th. 5% more than Serbia and Montenegro	$2.08 Ranked 44th.
Education > College and university > Gender ratio	88.42 Ranked 68th.	129.39 Ranked 39th. 46% more than Japan
Agriculture > Produce > Crop > Production index	95.4% Ranked 154th.	126.9% Ranked 14th. 33% more than Japan
Geography > Total area > Sq. km	377,930 Ranked 59th. 4 times more than Serbia and Montenegro	88,360 Ranked 107th.
Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Agriculture	3.9% Ranked 17th.	23.9% Ranked 9th. 6 times more than Japan
Religion > Seventh-day Adventist Membership	15,061 Ranked 66th. 2 times more than Serbia and Montenegro	7,044 Ranked 92nd.
Energy > Electricity > Production	936.2 billion kWh Ranked 3rd. 26 times more than Serbia and Montenegro	35.9 billion kWh Ranked 3rd.
Transport > Highways > Total > Per capita	9.17 km per 1,000 people Ranked 12th. 50% more than Serbia and Montenegro	6.12 km per 1,000 people Ranked 32nd.
Transport > Vehicles > Per km of road	63.51 Ranked 11th. 51% more than Serbia and Montenegro	42.07 Ranked 16th.
People > Cities > Urban population	84,775 Ranked 51st. 34% more than Serbia and Montenegro	63,116 Ranked 139th.
Geography > Land use > Arable land	11.26% Ranked 94th.	33.35% Ranked 20th. 3 times more than Japan
Transport > Motor vehicles > Per 1,000 people	595 Ranked 16th. 3 times more than Serbia and Montenegro	223.32 Ranked 52nd.
Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Services	69.8% Ranked 5th. 26% more than Serbia and Montenegro	55.6% Ranked 12th.
Transport > Passenger cars > Per 1,000 people	324.56 Ranked 38th. 62% more than Serbia and Montenegro	200.04 Ranked 48th.
Agriculture > Produce > Food > Production index	97.7% Ranked 157th.	114.2% Ranked 39th. 17% more than Japan
Media > Radio broadcast stations	AM 215 (plus 370 repeaters), FM 89 (plus 485 repeaters), shortwave 21	153 (station types NA)
People > Sex ratio > Total population	0.95 male(s)/female Ranked 170th. The same as Serbia and Montenegro	0.95 male(s)/female Ranked 183th.
Health > Fertility rate > Total > Births per woman	1.26 births per woman Ranked 169th.	1.61 births per woman Ranked 145th. 28% more than Japan
Sports > Chess > GrandMasters	0.0 Ranked 88th.	50 Ranked 5th.
Government > Executive branch > Elections	Diet, the bicameral legislature, designates the prime minister; constitution requires that the prime minister commands parliamentary majority; following legislative elections, the leader of majority party or leader of majority coalition in House of Representatives usually becomes prime minister; the monarchy is hereditary	president elected by direct vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 3 February 2008 (next to be held in 2013); prime minister elected by the National Assembly
Crime > Software piracy rate	23% Ranked 103th.	76% Ranked 34th. 3 times more than Japan
Economy > Budget > Expenditures	$2.58 trillion Ranked 2nd. 140 times more than Serbia and Montenegro	$18.48 billion Ranked 67th.
People > Sex ratio > At birth	1.06 male(s)/female Ranked 42nd.	1.06 male(s)/female Ranked 26th. About the same as Japan
Health > HIV AIDS > People living with HIV AIDS > Per capita	0.094 per 1,000 people Ranked 94th.	1.23 per 1,000 people Ranked 85th. 13 times more than Japan
Economy > GINI index	24.85 Ranked 31st.	30.02 Ranked 32nd. 21% more than Japan
Economy > Tourist arrivals	8.35 million Ranked 26th. 13 times more than Serbia and Montenegro	646,000 Ranked 99th.
Economy > Budget > Revenues > Per capita	$11,472.65 per capita Ranked 23th. 5 times more than Serbia and Montenegro	$2,254.10 per capita Ranked 22nd.
Military > Manpower fit for military service > Males age 16-49	None	1395426
Economy > Inbound tourism income > Current US$	$13.78 billion Ranked 22nd. 12 times more than Serbia and Montenegro	$1.11 billion Ranked 82nd.
Media > Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers > Per 1,000 people	1,201.54 per 1,000 people Ranked 36th. 31% more than Serbia and Montenegro	917.16 per 1,000 people Ranked 53th.
Economy > Tax > Tax rates	20.72 Ranked 33th.	38.52 Ranked 17th. 86% more than Japan
Military > Armed forces personnel > Total	242,000 Ranked 22nd. 10 times more than Serbia and Montenegro	24,000 Ranked 89th.
Media > Internet > Users > Per capita	691.42 per 1,000 people Ranked 12th. 5 times more than Serbia and Montenegro	147.78 per 1,000 people Ranked 90th.
Economy > GDP per person	39,738.13 Ranked 18th. 7 times more than Serbia and Montenegro	5,872.41 Ranked 69th.
Education > Secondary education > Teachers > Per capita	4.79 per 1,000 people Ranked 78th.	6.88 per 1,000 people Ranked 44th. 44% more than Japan
Religion > Islam > Percentage Muslim	0.2% Ranked 141st.	21% Ranked 57th. 105 times more than Japan
Industry > Car > Production	8.31 million Ranked 2nd. 1478 times more than Serbia and Montenegro	5,620 Ranked 39th.
Geography > Natural hazards	many dormant and some active volcanoes; about 1,500 seismic occurrences (mostly tremors) every year; tsunamis; typhoons	destructive earthquakes
Labor > Employment rate > Adults	54.2 Ranked 112th. 22% more than Serbia and Montenegro	44.43 Ranked 155th.
Industry > Manufacturing > Value added > Constant 2000 US$	1.06 trillion constant 2000 US$ Ranked 2nd. 650 times more than Serbia and Montenegro	1.63 billion constant 2000 US$ Ranked 69th.
Government > Flag description	white with a large red disk (representing the sun without rays) in the center	three equal horizontal stripes of red (top), blue, and white - the Pan-Slav colors representing freedom and revolutionary ideals; charged with the coat of arms of Serbia shifted slightly to the hoist side; the principal field of the coat of arms represents the Serbian state and displays a white two-headed eagle on a red shield; a smaller red shield on the eagle represents the Serbian nation, and is divided into four quarters by a white cross; a white Cyrillic "C" in each quarter stands for the phrase "Only Unity Saves the Serbs"; a royal crown surmounts the coat of arms
Geography > Rural population density > Rural population per sq. km of arable land	1,002.26 people/kmÂ² of arable lan Ranked 5th. 9 times more than Serbia and Montenegro	109.97 people/kmÂ² of arable lan Ranked 52nd.
Economy > Debt > External	$3.02 trillion Ranked 5th. 98 times more than Serbia and Montenegro	$30.90 billion Ranked 3rd.
Economy > Central bank discount rate	0.1% Ranked 51st.	12% Ranked 1st. 120 times more than Japan
Media > Televisions	86.5 million Ranked 3rd. 31 times more than Serbia and Montenegro	2.75 million Ranked 53th.
Agriculture > Agricultural machinery > Tractors > Per capita	15.88 per 1,000 people Ranked 23th.	40.01 per 1,000 people Ranked 3rd. 3 times more than Japan
Media > Telephones > Main lines in use > Per capita	402.03 per 1,000 people Ranked 27th. 36% more than Serbia and Montenegro	294.87 per 1,000 people Ranked 39th.
Education > Girls to boys ratio > Primary level enrolment	1 Ranked 22nd. The same as Serbia and Montenegro	1 Ranked 52nd.
Education > School life expectancy > Total	14.3 years Ranked 24th. 36% more than Serbia and Montenegro	10.5 years Ranked 70th.
Economy > Debt > External > Per capita	$11,708.07 per capita Ranked 30th. 5 times more than Serbia and Montenegro	$2,585.15 per capita Ranked 55th.
Economy > GDP > Composition by sector > Services	71.4% Ranked 36th. 9% more than Serbia and Montenegro	65.5% Ranked 45th.
Media > Internet users > Per 100 people	75.16 Ranked 14th. 67% more than Serbia and Montenegro	44.9 Ranked 48th.
Energy > Electricity > Production > Per capita	8,490.7 kWh per capita Ranked 20th. 2 times more than Serbia and Montenegro	4,189.34 kWh per capita Ranked 55th.

SOURCES: World Development Indicators database; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008; Food and Agriculture Organisation, electronic files and web site.; European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control International Statistics on Crime and Justice, 2011; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control International Statistics on Crime and Justice, 2011; Uppsala Conflict Data Program, http://www.pcr.uu.se/research/ucdp/.; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2001; CIA World Factbook, 22 August 2006; Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision and World Urbanization Prospects: http://esa.un.org/unpp; United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.; World Tourism Organisation, Yearbook of Tourism Statistics, Compendium of Tourism Statistics and data files.; The Nuclear Threat Initiative; Source: UNESCO UIS Data | UNESCO Institute for Statistics; CIA World Factbook, 28 July 2005; World Health Organisation.; World Bank, Development Research Group. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/jsp/index.jsp).; Food and Agriculture Organisation, Production Yearbook and data files.; KPMG's Individual Income Tax and Social Security Rate Survey 2009 (www.kpmg.com), and PricewaterhouseCoopers's Worldwide Tax Summaries Online (www.pwc.com).; Wikipedia: List of United States extradition treaties; World economic forum - Global Competitiveness Report 2004-2005; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=FAO&f=itemCode%3a2051, Agriculture (PIN) +; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 25 March 2010.; The Economist.; adventiststatistics.org 2004 Annual Report 31 December 2004; International Road Federation, World Road Statistics and data files.; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; World Chess Federation, 2006; Fifth Annual BSA and IDC Global Software Piracy Study; International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, and World Bank and OECD GDP estimates.; International Institute for Strategic Studies, The Military Balance.; International Religious Freedom Report 2004, U.S. State Department; International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers.; International Labour Organisation, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database.; CIA World Factbook, December 2003; UNESCO Institute for Statistics; International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Development Report and database, and World Bank estimates.

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