Environment Stats: compare key data on Norway & Switzerland

Definitions

Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$: Adjusted net national income (constant 2000 US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion.
CO2 Emissions per 1000: CO2: Total Emissions (excluding land-use) Units: thousand metric tonnes of carbon dioxide. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > Million metric tons: CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total (million metric tons). CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production is the sum of three IEA categories of CO2 emissions: (1) Main Activity Producer Electricity and Heat which contains the sum of emissions from main activity producer electricity generation, combined heat and power generation and heat plants. Main activity producers (formerly known as public utilities) are defined as those undertakings whose primary activity is to supply the public. They may be publicly or privately owned. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 1 a. For the CO2 emissions from fuel combustion (summary) file, emissions from own on-site use of fuel in power plants (EPOWERPLT) are also included. (2) Unallocated Autoproducers which contains the emissions from the generation of electricity and/or heat by autoproducers. Autoproducers are defined as undertakings that generate electricity and/or heat, wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, these emissions would normally be distributed between industry, transport and "other" sectors. (3) Other Energy Industries contains emissions from fuel combusted in petroleum refineries, for the manufacture of solid fuels, coal mining, oil and gas extraction and other energy-producing industries. This corresponds to the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 1 b and 1 A 1 c. According to the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, emissions from coke inputs to blast furnaces can either be counted here or in the Industrial Processes source/sink category. Within detailed sectoral calculations, certain non-energy processes can be distinguished. In the reduction of iron in a blast furnace through the combustion of coke, the primary purpose of the coke oxidation is to produce pig iron and the emissions can be considered as an industrial process. Care must be taken not to double count these emissions in both Energy and Industrial Processes. In the IEA estimations, these emissions have been included in this category.
Current issues: This entry lists the most pressing and important environmental problems. The following terms and abbreviations are used throughout the entry:
Ecological footprint: Ecological footprint per capita
Units: Hectares per Person
Marine fish catch: Total marine fish catch
Units: Metric Tons
Municipal waste generation: Kilograms of municipal waste generated per year (2000).
Pollution perceptions > Air pollution: Air Pollution. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How satisfied are you with the quality of air in this city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Pollution perceptions > Air quality: Air quality. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How satisfied are you with the quality of air in this city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Pollution perceptions > Clean water: Water Quality. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Are you concerned with the water pollution in this city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Pollution perceptions > Drinking water pollution: Drinking Water Pollution and Inaccessibility. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How do you find quality and the accessibility of drinking water?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Pollution perceptions > Water pollution: Water Pollution. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Are you concerned with the water pollution in this city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Proportion of land area under protection: Terrestrial areas protected to total surface area, percentage.
Transport CO2 emission index: CO2 Emission Index is an estimation of CO2 consumption due to traffic time. Measurement unit is grams for the return trip. To calculate an average estimation of emission in grams for one way commute to work, divide this value with 2.
Waste generation: Kilograms of waste generated per person per year ( 2000).
Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > Million metric tons per million: CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total (million metric tons). CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production is the sum of three IEA categories of CO2 emissions: (1) Main Activity Producer Electricity and Heat which contains the sum of emissions from main activity producer electricity generation, combined heat and power generation and heat plants. Main activity producers (formerly known as public utilities) are defined as those undertakings whose primary activity is to supply the public. They may be publicly or privately owned. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 1 a. For the CO2 emissions from fuel combustion (summary) file, emissions from own on-site use of fuel in power plants (EPOWERPLT) are also included. (2) Unallocated Autoproducers which contains the emissions from the generation of electricity and/or heat by autoproducers. Autoproducers are defined as undertakings that generate electricity and/or heat, wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, these emissions would normally be distributed between industry, transport and "other" sectors. (3) Other Energy Industries contains emissions from fuel combusted in petroleum refineries, for the manufacture of solid fuels, coal mining, oil and gas extraction and other energy-producing industries. This corresponds to the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 1 b and 1 A 1 c. According to the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, emissions from coke inputs to blast furnaces can either be counted here or in the Industrial Processes source/sink category. Within detailed sectoral calculations, certain non-energy processes can be distinguished. In the reduction of iron in a blast furnace through the combustion of coke, the primary purpose of the coke oxidation is to produce pig iron and the emissions can be considered as an industrial process. Care must be taken not to double count these emissions in both Energy and Industrial Processes. In the IEA estimations, these emissions have been included in this category. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Water > Freshwater pollution: Industrial organic pollutants per available freshwater
Units: Metric Tons of BOD Emissions per Cubic Km of Water
Units: Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants. The data from the World Bank, which represented BOD emissions (kilograms per day) were normalized by the combination of water availability per capita and water inflow availability per capita from the WaterGap2.1 model. In calculating the ESI, the base-10 logarithm of this variable was used.
Forest area > Sq. km > Per capita: Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Municipal waste generation per million: Kilograms of municipal waste generated per year (2000). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Waste > Local garbage collected: Municipal waste collected.
Marine fish catch per 1000: Total marine fish catch
Units: Metric Tons. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Water > Severe water stress: Percent of country's territory under severe water stress
Units: Percent of Land Area
Units: This data is derived from the WaterGap 2.1 gridded hydrological model developed by the Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, Germany. The modellers derived, for each country, grid cell by grid cell estimates of whether the water consumption exceeds 40 percent of the water available in that particular grid cell. These were then converted to land area equivalents in order to calculate the percentage of the territory under severe water stress.
CFC > Consumption: CFC consumption
Units: Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) Tons (Metric Tons x ODP)
Units: The indicator was obtained by multiplying the Total CFCs emissions (metric tons per ozone depletion potential) with the Per capita CFCs emissions (obtained by dividing the total CFCs emissions by the population in 1997). In calculating the ESI, the base-10 logarithm of this variable was used.
Pollution perceptions > Noise and light pollution: Noise and Light Pollution. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How concerned are you with noise pollution and light during the night in this city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Endangered species > Mammal species > Number: Mammal species are mammals excluding whales and porpoises. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known."
Biodiversity > Mammal species, threatened: Mammal species, threatened. Mammal species are mammals excluding whales and porpoises. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known.
Pollution perceptions > Drinking water quality: Drinking Water Quality and Accessibility. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How do you find quality and the accessibility of drinking water?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
CO2 emissions > Kt: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
Pollution perceptions > Pollution index: Pollution Index is an estimation of the overall pollution in the city. The biggest weight is given to air pollution, than to water pollution/accessibility, two main pollution factors. Small weight is given to other pollution types.
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Urban and rural: Proportion of the population using improved drinking water sources, total.
National parks > Number of parks: Number of parks.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Metric tons per capita: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring."
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Metric tons per capita: CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita). Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
Biodiversity > Bird species, threatened: Bird species, threatened. Birds are listed for countries included within their breeding or wintering ranges. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known.
Carbon efficiency: Carbon economic efficiency (CO2 emissions per dollar GDP)
Units: Metric Tons/US Dollar GDP
CO2 emissions > Kt per 1000: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Endangered species > Bird species: Birds are listed for countries included within their breeding or wintering ranges. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known."
Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$ per capita: Adjusted net national income (constant 2000 US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
National parks > Proportion of country area: Country area.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Total renewable water resources per million: . Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
SO2 emissions per populated area: SO2 emissions per populated land area
Units: 1000 Metric Tons/Sq. Km. of Populated Land Area
Units: We obtained the total emissions for each country by summarizing emissions data, originally available as a grid map with 1 degree x 1 degree cells. Air pollution is generally greatest in densely populated areas. To take this into account, we used the Gridded Population of the World dataset available from CIESIN and calculated the total land area in each country inhabited with a population density of greater than 5 persons per sq. km. We then used this land area as a denominator for the emissions data.
Waste > Hazardous waste created: Annual generation of hazardous waste (as defined by the Basel Convention).
Waste > Local garbage collected per thousand people: Municipal waste collected. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Biodiversity > Fish species, threatened: Fish species, threatened. Fish species are based on Froese, R. and Pauly, D. (eds). 2008. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known.
Waste generation per million: Kilograms of waste generated per person per year ( 2000). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kt: CO2 emissions (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
CO2 emissions > Kt > Per capita: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Endangered species > Fish species > Number: Fish species are based on Froese, R. and Pauly, D. (eds). 2008. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known."
Pollution perceptions > Waste management dissatisfaction: Dissatisfaction with Garbage Disposal. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How satisfied are you with a garbage disposal in the city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Water > Percent of water resources used: Proportion of total water resources used, percentage.
Endangered species > Higher plant species > Number: Higher plants are native vascular plant species. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known."
Pollution > Ozone depleting substance consumption: Consumption of all Ozone-Depleting Substances in ODP metric tons.
NOx emissions per populated area: NOx emissions per populated land area
Units: 1000 Metric Tons/Sq. Km. of Populated Land Area
Units: We obtained the total emissions for each country by summarizing emissions data, originally available as a grid map with 1 degree x 1 degree cells. Air pollution is generally greatest in densely populated areas. To take this into account, we used the Gridded Population of the World dataset available from CIESIN and calculated the total land area in each country inhabited with a population density of greater than 5 persons per sq. km. We then used this land area as a denominator for the emissions data.
Water > Dissolved oxygen concentration: Dissolved oxygen concentration
Units: Milligrams/Liter
Units: The country values represent averages of the station-level values for the three year time period 1994-96, exceptwhere data were only available for an earlier time period (1988-1993). The number of stations per country varies depending on country size; number of bodies of water; and level of participation in the GEMS monitoring system. The data from "The Wellbeing of Nations" included a smaller subset of stations representing outfalls of major watersheds. An analysis of a sample of countries with numerous stations found that the data for stations in the subset is broadly comparable to the data for all GEMS stations in those countries.
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kt per 1000: CO2 emissions (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Forest area > Sq. km: Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not.
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 US$ of GDP: CO2 emissions (kg per 2000 US$ of GDP). Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Urban and rural: Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities, total.
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kt: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring."
Pollution perceptions > Clean, tidy cities: Clean and Tidy. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Do you find city clean and tidy?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Pollution > Ozone depleting substance consumption per million people: Consumption of all Ozone-Depleting Substances in ODP metric tons. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
Water > Availability: Water availability per capita (1961-1990 (avg.))
Units: Thousands Cubic Meters/Person
Units: This variable measures internal renewable water (average annual surface runoff and groundwater recharge generated from endogenous precipitation)
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Rural: Proportion of the population using improved drinking water sources, rural.
Biodiversity > Plant species > Higher, threatened: Plant species (higher), threatened. Higher plants are native vascular plant species. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known.
Adjusted net national income > Current US$ per capita: Adjusted net national income (current US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Waste water treatment expenditure: Annual spending on waste water treatment (USD per person) per year (2000).
Waste > Population served by local garbage collection: Total population served by municipal waste collection.
National parks > Total area: Total area km².
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Biodiversity > Number: GEF benefits index for biodiversity is a composite index of relative biodiversity potential for each country based on the species represented in each country, their threat status, and the diversity of habitat types in each country. The index has been normalized so that values run from 0 (no biodiversity potential) to 100 (maximum biodiversity potential)."
Adjusted net national income > Current US$: Adjusted net national income (current US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion.
Water > Freshwater internal flow: Internal flow of water: River run-off and groundwater produced during a year through perception minus evaporation.
Water > Freshwater internal flow per capita: Internal flow of water: River run-off and groundwater produced during a year through perception minus evaporation. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Emissions (CO2 equivalent): Carbon dioxide equivalent of all greenhouse gas emissions not including human-based land use, land use change and forestry. These numbers do not represent total greenhouse gas emissions, but rather the total amount of CO2 that would have to be emitted to have the same global warming potential (GWP) as the total amount of greenhouse gases emitted. The GWP of a greenhouse gas is useful in determining a country's overall impact on climate change.
Pollution perceptions > Urban comfort > Low pollution: Comfortable to Spend Time in the City. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Are you feeling comfortable to spend time in the city because of the pollution?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
CFC > Consumption per 1000: CFC consumption
Units: Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) Tons (Metric Tons x ODP)
Units: The indicator was obtained by multiplying the Total CFCs emissions (metric tons per ozone depletion potential) with the Per capita CFCs emissions (obtained by dividing the total CFCs emissions by the population in 1997). In calculating the ESI, the base-10 logarithm of this variable was used. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Waste > Hazardous waste created per thousand people: Annual generation of hazardous waste (as defined by the Basel Convention). Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Protected area: Environmentally protected area (1997)
Pollution perceptions > Dirty, untidy cities: Dirty and Untidy. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Do you find city clean and tidy?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Biodiversity > GEF benefits index for biodiversity > 0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum: GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum). GEF benefits index for biodiversity is a composite index of relative biodiversity potential for each country based on the species represented in each country, their threat status, and the diversity of habitat types in each country. The index has been normalized so that values run from 0 (no biodiversity potential) to 100 (maximum biodiversity potential).
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 US$ of GDP: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring."
Pollution perceptions > Free of noise and light pollution: Quiet and No Problem with Night Lights. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How concerned are you with noise pollution and light during the night in this city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Freshwater > Renewable internal freshwater resources > Total > Billion cubic meters: Renewable internal freshwater resources flows refer to internal renewable resources (internal river flows and groundwater from rainfall) in the country.
Acidification: Percentage of country with acidification excedence
Units: Percent of Land Area
Units: From a map of acidification excedence, all areas at risk within each country were added together in order to calculate the percentage of the entire country at risk of excedence. See pages 21-22 of the 2001 ESI report for more details on how the acidification excedence map was produced.
Emissions > Methane emissions > Kt of CO2 equivalent: Methane emissions are those stemming from human activities such as agriculture and from industrial methane production.
Water > Net freshwater supplied by water supply industry per capita: Water supplied annually, where losses during transportation have been subtracted. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Freshwater > Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita > Cubic meters: Renewable internal freshwater resources flows refer to internal renewable resources (internal river flows and groundwater from rainfall) in the country. Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita are calculated using the World Bank's population estimates.
Pollution > PM10, country level > Micrograms per cubic meter: PM10, country level (micrograms per cubic meter). Particulate matter concentrations refer to fine suspended particulates less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10) that are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing significant health damage. Data for countries and aggregates for regions and income groups are urban-population weighted PM10 levels in residential areas of cities with more than 100,000 residents. The estimates represent the average annual exposure level of the average urban resident to outdoor particulate matter. The state of a country's technology and pollution controls is an important determinant of particulate matter concentrations.
Wetlands of intl importance > Area: Wetlands of international importance 2002
Biodiversity and protected areas > Terrestrial protected areas > Number: Terrestrial protected areas are those officially documented by national authorities.
CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 PPP $ of GDP: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
Proportion of land and marine area under protection: Terrestrial and marine areas protected to total territorial area, percentage.
Endangered species protection: Percent of CITES reporting requirements met
Units: Percent of Requirements Met
Units: Countries that have not ratified the CITES convention are recorded as having zero percent of their requirements met.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from other sectors, excluding residential buildings and commercial and public services > Million metric tons: CO2 emissions from other sectors, excluding residential buildings and commercial and public services (million metric tons). CO2 emissions from other sectors, less residential buildings and commercial and public services, contains the emissions from commercial/institutional activities, residential, agriculture/forestry, fishing and other emissions not specified elsewhere that are included in the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 4 and 1 A 5. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, the category also includes emissions from autoproducers in the commercial/residential/agricultural sectors that generate electricity and/or heat. The IEA data are not collected in a way that allows the energy consumption to be split by specific end-use and therefore, autoproducers are shown as a separate item (Unallocated Autoproducers).
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) > Emissions (CO2 equivalent) per million people: Carbon dioxide equivalent of sulphur hexafluoride emissions over 100 years. These numbers do not represent total SF6 emissions, but rather the total amount of CO2 that would have to be emitted to have the same global warming potential (GWP) as the total amount of SF6 emitted over 100 years. A 100 year time scale is used since SF6 has a shorter atmospheric lifetime than CO2. The GWP of a greenhouse gas is useful in determining a country's overall impact on climate change. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
Pollution perceptions > Urban discomfort from pollution: Dissatisfaction to Spend Time in the City. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Are you feeling comfortable to spend time in the city because of the pollution?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Biodiversity > GEF benefits index for biodiversity > 0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum per million: GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum). GEF benefits index for biodiversity is a composite index of relative biodiversity potential for each country based on the species represented in each country, their threat status, and the diversity of habitat types in each country. The index has been normalized so that values run from 0 (no biodiversity potential) to 100 (maximum biodiversity potential). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Pollution > Carbon Dioxide per capita: Tons of Carbon Dioxide produced per capita in 1998 or latest available year. Carbon dioxide from energy use only. Excludes international marine bunkers.
Water > Population connected to wastewater treatment: Population connected to wastewater treatment.
Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Rural: Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities, rural.
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Urban: Proportion of the population using improved drinking water sources, urban.
Waste water treatment expenditure per million: Annual spending on waste water treatment (USD per person) per year (2000). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Commitment to Development Index (environment): The Commitment to Development Index (CDI) ranks the world’s richest countries on their commitment to policies that benefit the poorer nations. The environment component of the index measures what these countries do to reduce their use of scarce natural resources. The score goes up if their "greenhouse gas" emissions are falling, their fuel taxes are high, do not subsidize the fishing industry, or have a low fossil fuel rate per capita.
Municipal waste treatment expenditure per million: Annual spending on municipal waste disposal (USD per person). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Carbon dioxide (CO2) > CO2 emissions per thousand people: Amount of carbon dioxide emissions by select Western countries. Amounts are by thousand metric tons. . Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Methane (CH4) > Emissions (CO2 equivalent): Carbon dioxide equivalent of methane emissions not including human-based land use, land use change and forestry. These numbers do not represent total methane emissions, but rather the total amount of CO2 that would have to be emitted to have the same global warming potential (GWP) as the amount of methane emitted, which is 21 times more CO2. The GWP of a greenhouse gas is useful in determining a country's overall impact on climate change.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) > Emissions (CO2 equivalent): Carbon dioxide equivalent of sulphur hexafluoride emissions over 100 years. These numbers do not represent total SF6 emissions, but rather the total amount of CO2 that would have to be emitted to have the same global warming potential (GWP) as the total amount of SF6 emitted over 100 years. A 100 year time scale is used since SF6 has a shorter atmospheric lifetime than CO2. The GWP of a greenhouse gas is useful in determining a country's overall impact on climate change.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Carbon dioxide (CO2) > CO2 emissions: Amount of carbon dioxide emissions by select Western countries. Amounts are by thousand metric tons.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Methane (CH4) > Emissions (CO2 equivalent) per thousand people: Carbon dioxide equivalent of methane emissions not including human-based land use, land use change and forestry. These numbers do not represent total methane emissions, but rather the total amount of CO2 that would have to be emitted to have the same global warming potential (GWP) as the amount of methane emitted, which is 21 times more CO2. The GWP of a greenhouse gas is useful in determining a country's overall impact on climate change. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Pollution perceptions > Waste management satisfaction: Garbage Disposal Satisfaction. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How satisfied are you with a garbage disposal in the city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Emissions > Nitrous oxide emissions > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent: Nitrous oxide emissions are emissions from agricultural biomass burning, industrial activities, and livestock management."
Wildness: Percent of land area having very low anthropogenic impact
Units: Percent of Land Area
Units: Global grids for population (GPW), land use (USGS AVHRR based classification from EROS data center), VMAP roads, VMAP railways, VMAP coastlines, VMAP major rivers and the stable lights data were all scored for "wildness". The scores were aggregated and normalized.
Forest area > Sq. km per 1000: Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Threatened species > Mammal: Number of threatened mammal species (1997)
Water > Net freshwater supplied by water supply industry to households per capita: Water supplied annually to households, where losses during transportation have been subtracted. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Municipal waste treatment expenditure: Annual spending on municipal waste disposal (USD per person).
World Heritage Sites (environmental): Natural sites.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Known mammal species: Known mammal species (1992-2002).
Climate change > CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services > Million metric tons: CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services (million metric tons). CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services contains all emissions from fuel combustion in households. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 4 b. Commercial and public services includes emissions from all activities of ISIC Divisions 41, 50-52, 55, 63-67, 70-75, 80, 85, 90-93 and 99.
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Total > Billion cubic meters: Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for agriculture and industry are total withdrawals for irrigation and livestock production and for direct industrial use (including withdrawals for cooling thermoelectric plants). Withdrawals for domestic uses include drinking water, municipal use or supply, and use for public services, commercial establishments, and homes. Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002."
Pollution > Carbon dioxide 1999: 1999 total CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel burning, cement production, and gas flaring. Emissions are expressed in thousand metric tons of carbon (not CO2).
Breeding birds threatened: Percentage of breeding birds threatened
Units: Percent of Breeding Birds
Units: The number of bird species threatened divided by known bird species in the country, expressed as a percentage.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > Kt: CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from solid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of coal as an energy source.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > Kt per 1000: CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of natural gas as an energy source. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > Kt per 1000: CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of petroleum-derived fuels as an energy source. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > Kt: CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of natural gas as an energy source.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > Kt per 1000: CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from solid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of coal as an energy source. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Climate change > Other greenhouse gas emissions, HFC, PFC and SF6 > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent per million: Other greenhouse gas emissions, HFC, PFC and SF6 (thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent). Other greenhouse gas emissions are by-product emissions of hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Biodiversity and protected areas > Marine protected areas > Number: Marine protected areas are areas of intertidal or subtidal terrain--and overlying water and associated flora and fauna and historical and cultural features--that have been reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclosed environment.
Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Urban: Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities, urban.
Emissions > Other greenhouse gas emissions > HFC > PFC and SF6 > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent: Other greenhouse gas emissions are by-product emissions of hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride."
Urban SO2 concentration: Urban SO2 concentration
Units: Micrograms/m3
Units: The values were originally collected at the city level. Each nation varied in terms of the number of cities reported, so this data should be used with some caution. Within each country the values have been normalized by city population for the year 1995, then added together to obtain the total concentration for the given country.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Nitrous oxide (N2O) > Emissions (CO2 equivalent) per million people: Carbon dioxide equivalent of nitrous oxide emissions not including human-based land use, land use change and forestry. These numbers do not represent total NO2 emissions, but rather the total amount of CO2 that would have to be emitted to have the same global warming potential (GWP) as the total amount of NO2 emitted, which is 310 times more CO2. The GWP of a greenhouse gas is useful in determining a country's overall impact on climate change. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Consumption of fixed capital > Current US$: Consumption of fixed capital represents the replacement value of capital used up in the process of production.
Sustainability-satisfying companies: Dow Jones Sustainability Group Index: percent of eligible companies in index
Units: Percentage
Units: For each country, the number of companies in the Sustainability Index was divided by the number of companies in the Global Index.
Water > Surface and Groundwater inflow: Inflow of surface and groundwaters for neighboring countries.
Water > Population connected to wastewater collecting system: Population connected to wastewater collecting system.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Including particulate emission damage > Current US$: Adjusted net savings are equal to net national savings plus education expenditure and minus energy depletion, mineral depletion, net forest depletion, and carbon dioxide and particulate emissions damage."
Environmental agreement compliance: Compliance with environmental agreements (WEF survey)
Units: Survey Responses Ranging from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 7
Units: Response to the statement: "Compliance with international environmental agreements is a high priority.
Pollution > Carbon dioxide 1999 per 1000: 1999 total CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel burning, cement production, and gas flaring. Emissions are expressed in thousand metric tons of carbon (not CO2). Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Emissions > PM10 > Country level > Micrograms per cubic meter: Particulate matter concentrations refer to fine suspended particulates less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10) that are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing significant health damage. Data for countries and aggregates for regions and income groups are urban-population weighted PM10 levels in residential areas of cities with more than 100,000 residents. The estimates represent the average annual exposure level of the average urban resident to outdoor particulate matter. The state of a country's technology and pollution controls is an important determinant of particulate matter concentrations."
Wetlands of intl importance > Area per million: Wetlands of international importance 2002. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Known mammal species per million: Known mammal species (1992-2002). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Areas under protection per million: Protected Areas under IUCN management categories I - VI (1992-2003). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Water > Salinisation: Electrical conductivity
Units: Micro-Siemens/Centimeter
Units: The country values represent averages of the station-level values for the three year time period 1994-96, except where data were only available for an earlier time period (1988-1993). The number of stations per country varies depending on country size; number of water bodies; and level of participation in the GEMS monitoring system.
Kyoto Protocol signatories > Signed and ratified > Date: Date different countries signed the Kyoto Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol is an international environmental treaty drafted at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), 1997 in Kyoto Japan. The protocol mandates signatory countries to commit themselves to reducing carbon dioxide emission. At present, there are 37 countries that have signed and ratified the protocol.
Areas under protection: Protected Areas under IUCN management categories I - VI (1992-2003)
Fertiliser > Consumption: Fertilizer consumption per hectare of arable land
Units: Hundreds Grams/Hectare of Arable Land
Urban NO2 concentration: Urban NO2 concentration
Units: Micrograms/m3
Units: The values were originally collected at the city level. Each nation varied in terms of the number of cities reported, so this data should be used with some caution. Within each country the values have been normalized by city population for the year 1995, then added together to obtain the total concentration for the given country.
Non-wildness: Percent of land area having very high anthropogenic impact
Units: Percent of Land Area
Units: Global grids for population (GPW), land use (USGS AVHRR based classification from EROS data center), VMAP roads, VMAP railways, VMAP coastlines, VMAP major rivers and the stable lights data were all scored for "wildness". The scores were aggregated and normalized.
Emissions > Industrial methane emissions > % of total: Industrial methane emissions are emissions from the handling, transmission, and combustion of fossil fuels and biofuels."
Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > Kt: CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of petroleum-derived fuels as an energy source.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net national savings > % of GNI: Net national savings are equal to gross national savings less the value of consumption of fixed capital.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net forest depletion > Current US$: Net forest depletion is calculated as the product of unit resource rents and the excess of roundwood harvest over natural growth.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Excluding particulate emission damage > % of GNI: Adjusted net savings are equal to net national savings plus education expenditure and minus energy depletion, mineral depletion, net forest depletion, and carbon dioxide. This series excludes particulate emissions damage."
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Energy depletion > Current US$: Energy depletion is equal to the product of unit resource rents and the physical quantities of energy extracted. It covers crude oil, natural gas, and coal."
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per PPP $ of GDP: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring."
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2005 PPP $ of GDP: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring."
Emissions > CO2 intensity > Kg per kg of oil equivalent energy use: Carbon dioxide emissions from solid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of coal as an energy source.
PM10 > Country level > Micrograms per cubic meter: Particulate matter concentrations refer to fine suspended particulates less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10) that are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing significant health damage. Data for countries and aggregates for regions and income groups are urban-population weighted PM10 levels in residential areas of cities with more than 100,000 residents. The estimates represent the average annual exposure level of the average urban resident to outdoor particulate matter. The state of a countryÂ’s technology and pollution controls is an important determinant of particulate matter concentrations.
Emissions > Agricultural nitrous oxide emissions > % of total: Agricultural nitrous oxide emissions are emissions produced through fertilizer use (synthetic and animal manure), animal waste management, agricultural waste burning (nonenergy, on-site), and savannah burning."
Climate change > GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF > Mt of CO2 equivalent: GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (Mt of CO2 equivalent). GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF refers to changes in atmospheric levels of all greenhouse gases attributable to forest and land-use change activities, including but not limited to (1) emissions and removals of CO2 from decreases or increases in biomass stocks due to forest management, logging, fuelwood collection, etc.; (2) conversion of existing forests and natural grasslands to other land uses; (3) removal of CO2 from the abandonment of formerly managed lands (e.g. croplands and pastures); and (4) emissions and removals of CO2 in soil associated with land-use change and management. For Annex-I countries under the UNFCCC, these data are drawn from the annual GHG inventories submitted to the UNFCCC by each country; for non-Annex-I countries, data are drawn from the most recently submitted National Communication where available. Because of differences in reporting years and methodologies, these data are not generally considered comparable across countries. Data are in million metric tons.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net national savings > Current US$: Net national savings are equal to gross national savings less the value of consumption of fixed capital.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > % of GNI: Particulate emissions damage is calculated as the willingness to pay to avoid mortality attributable to particulate emissions.
Natural gas rents > % of GDP: Natural gas rents (% of GDP). Natural gas rents are the difference between the value of natural gas production at world prices and total costs of production.
Water pollution > Wood industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: wood (33). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Water pollution > Other industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: other (38 and 39). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Mineral depletion > Current US$: Mineral depletion is equal to the product of unit resource rents and the physical quantities of minerals extracted. It refers to bauxite, copper, iron, lead, nickel, phosphate, tin, zinc, gold, and silver."
Water > Phosphorus concentration: Phosphorus concentration
Units: Milligrams/Liter
Units: The country values represent averages of the station-level values for the three year time period 1994-96, except where data were only available for an earlier time period (1988-1993). The number of stations per country varies depending on country size; number of bodies of water; and level of participation in the GEMS monitoring system. The data from "The Wellbeing of Nations" included a smaller subset of stations representing outfalls of major watersheds. An analysis of a sample of countries with numerous stations found that the data for stations in the subset is broadly comparable to the data for all GEMS stations in those countries.
Pollution perceptions > Green space and parks satisfaction: Quality of Green and Parks. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How satisfied are you with green and parks in the city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$, % of GDP: Adjusted net national income (constant 2000 US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Gross savings > % of GNI: Gross savings are the difference between gross national income and public and private consumption, plus net current transfers."
Municipal waste treatment expenditure, % of GDP: Annual spending on municipal waste disposal (USD per person). Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
Total natural resources rents > % of GDP: Total natural resources rents (% of GDP). Total natural resources rents are the sum of oil rents, natural gas rents, coal rents (hard and soft), mineral rents, and forest rents.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) > Emissions (CO2 equivalent) per million people: Carbon dioxide equivalent of Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) emissions over a 100 year period. These numbers do not represent total HFCs emissions over 100 years, but rather the total amount of CO2 that would have to be emitted to have the same global warming potential (GWP) as the total amount of HFCs emitted over 100 years. A 100 year timeframe is used since HFCs have a shorter atmospheric lifetime than CO2. The GWP of a greenhouse gas is useful in determining a country's overall impact on climate change. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
Known breeding bird species: Known breeding bird mammal species (1992-2002).
Water pollution > Chemical industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: chemicals (35). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
International agreements > Signed but not ratified: The various international environmental agreements which a country has signed but not ratified. Agreements are listed in alphabetical order by the abbreviated form of the full name.
Kyoto Protocol signatories > Signed and ratified > % for ratification: Percentage reduction of greenhouse gases emission committed to by each of the 37 countries who signed and ratified the Kyoto Protocol.The Kyoto Protocol is an international environmental treaty drafted at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), 1997 in Kyoto Japan. The protocol mandates signatory countries to commit themselves to reducing carbon dioxide emission. At present, there are 37 countries that have signed and ratified the protocol.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Energy depletion > % of GNI: Energy depletion is equal to the product of unit resource rents and the physical quantities of energy extracted. It covers crude oil, natural gas, and coal."
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Carbon dioxide damage > % of GNI: Carbon dioxide damage is estimated to be $20 per ton of carbon (the unit damage in 1995 U.S. dollars) times the number of tons of carbon emitted.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Consumption of fixed capital > % of GNI: Consumption of fixed capital represents the replacement value of capital used up in the process of production.
Climate change > GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF > Mt of CO2 equivalent per million: GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (Mt of CO2 equivalent). GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF refers to changes in atmospheric levels of all greenhouse gases attributable to forest and land-use change activities, including but not limited to (1) emissions and removals of CO2 from decreases or increases in biomass stocks due to forest management, logging, fuelwood collection, etc.; (2) conversion of existing forests and natural grasslands to other land uses; (3) removal of CO2 from the abandonment of formerly managed lands (e.g. croplands and pastures); and (4) emissions and removals of CO2 in soil associated with land-use change and management. For Annex-I countries under the UNFCCC, these data are drawn from the annual GHG inventories submitted to the UNFCCC by each country; for non-Annex-I countries, data are drawn from the most recently submitted National Communication where available. Because of differences in reporting years and methodologies, these data are not generally considered comparable across countries. Data are in million metric tons. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > % of GNI: Particulate emissions damage is calculated as the willingness to pay to avoid mortality attributable to particulate emissions.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Perfluorcarbons (PFCs) > Emissions (CO2 equivalent) per million people: Carbon dioxide equivalent of perfluorocarbons emissions over 100 years. These numbers do not represent total PFCs emissions, but rather the total amount of CO2 that would have to be emitted to have the same global warming potential (GWP) as the total amount of PFCs emitted over 100 years. A 100 year time scale is used since PFCs have a shorter atmospheric lifetime than CO2. The GWP of a greenhouse gas is useful in determining a country's overall impact on climate change. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
Water pollution > Paper and pulp industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: paper and pulp (34). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Marine protected areas > % of territorial waters: Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters). Marine protected areas are areas of intertidal or subtidal terrain--and overlying water and associated flora and fauna and historical and cultural features--that have been reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclosed environment.
Adjusted savings > Carbon dioxide damage > % of GNI: Carbon dioxide damage is estimated to be $20 per ton of carbon (the unit damage in 1995 U.S. dollars) times the number of tons of carbon emitted.
Water pollution > Textile industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: textiles (32). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
CO2 Emissions: CO2: Total Emissions (excluding land-use) Units: thousand metric tonnes of carbon dioxide
Water > Suspended solids: Suspended solids
Units: Natural Log of Milligrams/Liter
Units: The country values represent averages of the station-level values for the three year time period 1994-96, exceptwhere data were only available for an earlier time period (1988-1993). The number of stations per country varies depending on country size; number of bodies of water; and level of participation in the GEMS monitoring system. Data from "The Wellbeing of Nations" included a smaller subset of stations representing outfalls of majorwatersheds. An analysis of a sample of countries with numerous stations found that the data for stations in the subset is broadly comparable to the data for all GEMS stations in those countries. The data in this table was transformed using the natural logarithm.
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved sanitation > Rural: Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities, rural.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Perfluorcarbons (PFCs) > Emissions (CO2 equivalent): Carbon dioxide equivalent of perfluorocarbons emissions over 100 years. These numbers do not represent total PFCs emissions, but rather the total amount of CO2 that would have to be emitted to have the same global warming potential (GWP) as the total amount of PFCs emitted over 100 years. A 100 year time scale is used since PFCs have a shorter atmospheric lifetime than CO2. The GWP of a greenhouse gas is useful in determining a country's overall impact on climate change.
Water > Net freshwater supplied by water supply industry: Water supplied annually, where losses during transportation have been subtracted.
Climate change > Other greenhouse gas emissions, HFC, PFC and SF6 > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent: Other greenhouse gas emissions, HFC, PFC and SF6 (thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent). Other greenhouse gas emissions are by-product emissions of hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > % of total: CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption (% of total). Carbon dioxide emissions from solid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of coal as an energy source.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Kyoto Protocol sign date: Signed.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Emissions (CO2 equivalent) per thousand people: Carbon dioxide equivalent of all greenhouse gas emissions not including human-based land use, land use change and forestry. These numbers do not represent total greenhouse gas emissions, but rather the total amount of CO2 that would have to be emitted to have the same global warming potential (GWP) as the total amount of greenhouse gases emitted. The GWP of a greenhouse gas is useful in determining a country's overall impact on climate change. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Biodiversity and protected areas > Marine protected areas > % of total surface area: Marine protected areas are areas of intertidal or subtidal terrain--and overlying water and associated flora and fauna and historical and cultural features--that have been reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclosed environment.
Biodiversity and protected areas > Terrestrial protected areas > % of total surface area: Terrestrial protected areas are those officially documented by national authorities.
Forest area > % of land area: Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not.
Water pollution > Metal industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: primary metals (ISIC division 37). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Nitrous oxide (N2O) > Emissions (CO2 equivalent): Carbon dioxide equivalent of nitrous oxide emissions not including human-based land use, land use change and forestry. These numbers do not represent total NO2 emissions, but rather the total amount of CO2 that would have to be emitted to have the same global warming potential (GWP) as the total amount of NO2 emitted, which is 310 times more CO2. The GWP of a greenhouse gas is useful in determining a country's overall impact on climate change.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services > Million metric tons per million: CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services (million metric tons). CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services contains all emissions from fuel combustion in households. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 4 b. Commercial and public services includes emissions from all activities of ISIC Divisions 41, 50-52, 55, 63-67, 70-75, 80, 85, 90-93 and 99. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Industry > % of total freshwater withdrawal: Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for industry are total withdrawals for direct industrial use (including withdrawals for cooling thermoelectric plants). Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002."
Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Including particulate emission damage > % of GNI: Adjusted net savings are equal to net national savings plus education expenditure and minus energy depletion, mineral depletion, net forest depletion, and carbon dioxide and particulate emissions damage."
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Domestic > % of total freshwater withdrawal: Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for domestic uses include drinking water, municipal use or supply, and use for public services, commercial establishments, and homes. Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002."
Known breeding bird species per million: Known breeding bird mammal species (1992-2002). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day per worker: Emissions per worker are total emissions of organic water pollutants divided by the number of industrial workers. Organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) > Emissions (CO2 equivalent): Carbon dioxide equivalent of Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) emissions over a 100 year period. These numbers do not represent total HFCs emissions over 100 years, but rather the total amount of CO2 that would have to be emitted to have the same global warming potential (GWP) as the total amount of HFCs emitted over 100 years. A 100 year timeframe is used since HFCs have a shorter atmospheric lifetime than CO2. The GWP of a greenhouse gas is useful in determining a country's overall impact on climate change.
Water pollution > Clay and glass industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: stone, ceramics, and glass (36). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Excluding particulate emission damage > Current US$: Adjusted net savings are equal to net national savings plus education expenditure and minus energy depletion, mineral depletion, net forest depletion, and carbon dioxide. This series excludes particulate emissions damage."
Climate change > CO2 emissions from other sectors, excluding residential buildings and commercial and public services > % of total fuel combustion: CO2 emissions from other sectors, excluding residential buildings and commercial and public services (% of total fuel combustion). CO2 emissions from other sectors, less residential buildings and commercial and public services, contains the emissions from commercial/institutional activities, residential, agriculture/forestry, fishing and other emissions not specified elsewhere that are included in the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 4 and 1 A 5. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, the category also includes emissions from autoproducers in the commercial/residential/agricultural sectors that generate electricity and/or heat. The IEA data are not collected in a way that allows the energy consumption to be split by specific end-use and therefore, autoproducers are shown as a separate item (Unallocated Autoproducers).
Emissions > Agricultural methane emissions > % of total: Agricultural methane emissions are emissions from animals, animal waste, rice production, agricultural waste burning (nonenergy, on-site), and savannah burning."
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > Current US$: Particulate emissions damage is calculated as the willingness to pay to avoid mortality attributable to particulate emissions.
Water > Surface and Groundwater inflow per capita: Inflow of surface and groundwaters for neighboring countries. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Waste water treatment expenditure, % of GDP: Annual spending on waste water treatment (USD per person) per year (2000). Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Mineral depletion > % of GNI: Mineral depletion is equal to the product of unit resource rents and the physical quantities of minerals extracted. It refers to bauxite, copper, iron, lead, nickel, phosphate, tin, zinc, gold, and silver."
Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > % of total fuel combustion: CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total (% of total fuel combustion). CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production is the sum of three IEA categories of CO2 emissions: (1) Main Activity Producer Electricity and Heat which contains the sum of emissions from main activity producer electricity generation, combined heat and power generation and heat plants. Main activity producers (formerly known as public utilities) are defined as those undertakings whose primary activity is to supply the public. They may be publicly or privately owned. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 1 a. For the CO2 emissions from fuel combustion (summary) file, emissions from own on-site use of fuel in power plants (EPOWERPLT) are also included. (2) Unallocated Autoproducers which contains the emissions from the generation of electricity and/or heat by autoproducers. Autoproducers are defined as undertakings that generate electricity and/or heat, wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, these emissions would normally be distributed between industry, transport and "other" sectors. (3) Other Energy Industries contains emissions from fuel combusted in petroleum refineries, for the manufacture of solid fuels, coal mining, oil and gas extraction and other energy-producing industries. This corresponds to the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 1 b and 1 A 1 c. According to the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, emissions from coke inputs to blast furnaces can either be counted here or in the Industrial Processes source/sink category. Within detailed sectoral calculations, certain non-energy processes can be distinguished. In the reduction of iron in a blast furnace through the combustion of coke, the primary purpose of the coke oxidation is to produce pig iron and the emissions can be considered as an industrial process. Care must be taken not to double count these emissions in both Energy and Industrial Processes. In the IEA estimations, these emissions have been included in this category.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change sign date: Signature.
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Total > % of internal resources: Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for agriculture and industry are total withdrawals for irrigation and livestock production and for direct industrial use (including withdrawals for cooling thermoelectric plants). Withdrawals for domestic uses include drinking water, municipal use or supply, and use for public services, commercial establishments, and homes. Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002."
Adjusted net national income > Current US$, % of GDP: Adjusted net national income (current US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net forest depletion > % of GNI: Net forest depletion is calculated as the product of unit resource rents and the excess of roundwood harvest over natural growth.
Water > Net freshwater supplied by water supply industry to households: Water supplied annually to households, where losses during transportation have been subtracted.
Expenditure pollution control as % of GDP: Expenditure on pollution controland abatement as % of GDP, 1999 .
Climate change > CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services > % of total fuel combustion: CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services (% of total fuel combustion). CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services contains all emissions from fuel combustion in households. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 4 b. Commercial and public services includes emissions from all activities of ISIC Divisions 41, 50-52, 55, 63-67, 70-75, 80, 85, 90-93 and 99.
Water pollution > Food industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: food and beverages (31). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Pollution perceptions > Green space and parks dissatisfaction: Dissatisfaction with Green and Parks in the City. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How satisfied are you with green and parks in the city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > % of total: CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption (% of total). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of natural gas as an energy source.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > % of total: CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption (% of total). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of petroleum-derived fuels as an energy source.
Pollution > Nitrogen Oxides per capita: Kilogram weight of Nitrogen Oxides produced per capita in 1998 or latest available year.
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Agriculture > % of total freshwater withdrawal: Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for agriculture are total withdrawals for irrigation and livestock production. Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002."

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STAT	Norway	Switzerland
Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$	$221.16 billion Ranked 24th.	$348.79 billion Ranked 19th. 58% more than Norway
CO2 Emissions per 1000	7.74 Ranked 33th. 36% more than Switzerland	5.69 Ranked 47th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > Million metric tons	13.84 Ranked 68th. 4 times more than Switzerland	3.71 Ranked 92nd.
Current issues	water pollution; acid rain damaging forests and adversely affecting lakes, threatening fish stocks; air pollution from vehicle emissions	air pollution from vehicle emissions and open-air burning; acid rain; water pollution from increased use of agricultural fertilizers; loss of biodiversity
Ecological footprint	4.8 Ranked 4th.	5 Ranked 2nd. 4% more than Norway
Marine fish catch	2.55 million tons Ranked 8th.	0.0 Ranked 110th.
Municipal waste generation	620 kgs per person per year Ranked 6th.	650 kgs per person per year Ranked 4th. 5% more than Norway
Pollution perceptions > Air pollution	23.78 Ranked 53th.	30.11 Ranked 23th. 27% more than Norway
Pollution perceptions > Air quality	76.22 Ranked 7th. 9% more than Switzerland	69.89 Ranked 5th.
Pollution perceptions > Clean water	81.25 Ranked 4th.	88.24 Ranked 1st. 9% more than Norway
Pollution perceptions > Drinking water pollution	9.09 Ranked 57th. 1% more than Switzerland	9.03 Ranked 25th.
Pollution perceptions > Water pollution	18.75 Ranked 56th. 59% more than Switzerland	11.76 Ranked 27th.
Proportion of land area under protection	16.33% Ranked 96th.	26.3% Ranked 41st. 61% more than Norway
Transport CO2 emission index	3,876 Ranked 9th. 85% more than Switzerland	2,092 Ranked 14th.
Waste generation	330 kgs per person per year Ranked 12th.	450 kgs per person per year Ranked 5th. 36% more than Norway
Total renewable water resources	381.4 cu km Ranked 1st. 7 times more than Switzerland	53.3 cu km Ranked 16th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > Million metric tons per million	2.79 Ranked 46th. 6 times more than Switzerland	0.469 Ranked 91st.
Water > Freshwater pollution	0.2 tons/cubic km Ranked 51st.	3.02 tons/cubic km Ranked 18th. 15 times more than Norway
Forest area > Sq. km > Per capita	20.3 kmÂ² per 1,000 people Ranked 29th. 12 times more than Switzerland	1.64 kmÂ² per 1,000 people Ranked 122nd.
Municipal waste generation per million	138.05 kgs per person per year Ranked 2nd. 53% more than Switzerland	90.48 kgs per person per year Ranked 4th.
Waste > Local garbage collected	2.27 million tonnes Ranked 36th.	5.46 million tonnes Ranked 19th. 2 times more than Norway
Marine fish catch per 1000	571.77 tons Ranked 2nd.	0.0 Ranked 110th.
Water > Severe water stress	0.4 Ranked 89th.	0.0 Ranked 102nd.
CFC > Consumption	58.24 Ranked 90th.	231.85 Ranked 75th. 4 times more than Norway
Pollution perceptions > Noise and light pollution	26.67 Ranked 55th.	42.86 Ranked 12th. 61% more than Norway
Endangered species > Mammal species > Number	7 Ranked 117th. 4 times more than Switzerland	2 Ranked 167th.
Biodiversity > Mammal species, threatened	7 Ranked 127th. 4 times more than Switzerland	2 Ranked 173th.
Pollution perceptions > Drinking water quality	90.91 Ranked 3rd.	90.97 Ranked 3rd. The same as Norway
CO2 emissions > Kt	45,014.61 kt Ranked 59th. 11% more than Switzerland	40,391.9 kt Ranked 63th.
Pollution perceptions > Pollution index	25.44 Ranked 55th.	28.17 Ranked 24th. 11% more than Norway
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Urban and rural	100 Ranked 28th. The same as Switzerland	100 Ranked 5th.
National parks > Number of parks	36 Ranked 4th. 36 times more than Switzerland	1 Ranked 37th.
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Metric tons per capita	9.07 Ranked 37th. 80% more than Switzerland	5.03 Ranked 70th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Metric tons per capita	11.7 Ranked 19th. 2 times more than Switzerland	4.95 Ranked 72nd.
Biodiversity > Bird species, threatened	4 Ranked 181st. 33% more than Switzerland	3 Ranked 184th.
Carbon efficiency	0.74 CO2 emissions/$ GDP Ranked 97th. 21% more than Switzerland	0.61 CO2 emissions/$ GDP Ranked 104th.
CO2 emissions > Kt per 1000	9.86 kt Ranked 27th. 79% more than Switzerland	5.5 kt Ranked 63th.
Endangered species > Bird species	2 Ranked 177th. The same as Switzerland	2 Ranked 167th.
Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$ per capita	$47,835.34 Ranked 2nd. 2% more than Switzerland	$46,899.06 Ranked 3rd.
National parks > Proportion of country area	6.3% Ranked 5th. 16 times more than Switzerland	0.4% Ranked 35th.
Total renewable water resources per million	82.5 cu km Ranked 2nd. 12 times more than Switzerland	7.17 cu km Ranked 11th.
SO2 emissions per populated area	350 thousand metric tons/squ Ranked 87th.	510 thousand metric tons/squ Ranked 77th. 46% more than Norway
Waste > Hazardous waste created	1.34 million tonnes Ranked 21st. 20% more than Switzerland	1.11 million tonnes Ranked 15th.
Waste > Local garbage collected per thousand people	469.9 tonnes Ranked 31st.	705.08 tonnes Ranked 9th. 50% more than Norway
Biodiversity > Fish species, threatened	19 Ranked 119th. 2 times more than Switzerland	9 Ranked 162nd.
Waste generation per million	73.48 kgs per person per year Ranked 4th. 17% more than Switzerland	62.64 kgs per person per year Ranked 5th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kt	57,186.86 Ranked 56th. 48% more than Switzerland	38,756.52 Ranked 69th.
CO2 emissions > Kt > Per capita	9.86 kt per 1,000 people Ranked 31st. 79% more than Switzerland	5.5 kt per 1,000 people Ranked 67th.
Endangered species > Fish species > Number	14 Ranked 111th. 27% more than Switzerland	11 Ranked 130th.
Pollution perceptions > Waste management dissatisfaction	23.48 Ranked 53th.	23.61 Ranked 24th. 1% more than Norway
Water > Percent of water resources used	0.769% Ranked 80th.	4.89% Ranked 77th. 6 times more than Norway
Endangered species > Higher plant species > Number	2 Ranked 140th.	3 Ranked 118th. 50% more than Norway
Pollution > Ozone depleting substance consumption	-0.16 Ranked 163th.	1.35 Ranked 125th.
NOx emissions per populated area	0.26 thousand metric tons/squ Ranked 67th.	0.95 thousand metric tons/squ Ranked 23th. 4 times more than Norway
Water > Dissolved oxygen concentration	9.16 mls/litre Ranked 35th.	10.85 mls/litre Ranked 6th. 18% more than Norway
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kt per 1000	11.7 Ranked 19th. 2 times more than Switzerland	4.95 Ranked 72nd.
Forest area > Sq. km	93,870 kmÂ² Ranked 56th. 8 times more than Switzerland	12,210 kmÂ² Ranked 117th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 US$ of GDP	$0.18 Ranked 168th. Twice as much as Switzerland	$0.09 Ranked 177th.
Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Urban and rural	100 Ranked 29th. The same as Switzerland	100 Ranked 7th.
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kt	42,722.24 Ranked 61st. 13% more than Switzerland	37,962.7 Ranked 62nd.
Pollution perceptions > Clean, tidy cities	63.24 Ranked 13th.	76.43 Ranked 3rd. 21% more than Norway
Pollution > Ozone depleting substance consumption per million people	-0.0323 Ranked 162nd.	0.171 Ranked 148th.
Water > Availability	57.71 thousand cubic metres Ranked 7th. 10 times more than Switzerland	5.74 thousand cubic metres Ranked 54th.
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Rural	100 Ranked 29th. The same as Switzerland	100 Ranked 4th.
Biodiversity > Plant species > Higher, threatened	3 Ranked 151st.	4 Ranked 132nd. 33% more than Norway
Adjusted net national income > Current US$ per capita	$75,530.65 Ranked 1st. 3% more than Switzerland	$73,013.61 Ranked 2nd.
Waste water treatment expenditure	$92.10 Ranked 7th.	$101.80 Ranked 6th. 11% more than Norway
Waste > Population served by local garbage collection	99% Ranked 20th. The same as Switzerland	99% Ranked 21st.
National parks > Total area	24,060 Ranked 2nd. 142 times more than Switzerland	170 Ranked 36th.
Biodiversity > Number	1.31 Ranked 108th. 6 times more than Switzerland	0.23 Ranked 162nd.
Adjusted net national income > Current US$	$374.11 billion Ranked 24th.	$577.71 billion Ranked 20th. 54% more than Norway
Water > Freshwater internal flow	362.33 billion cubic metres Ranked 1st. 9 times more than Switzerland	39.71 billion cubic metres Ranked 17th.
Water > Freshwater internal flow per capita	75,037.18 cubic metres Ranked 1st. 14 times more than Switzerland	5,258.96 cubic metres Ranked 13th.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Emissions (CO2 equivalent)	53,895.68 Ranked 31st.	54,247.3 Ranked 30th. 1% more than Norway
Pollution perceptions > Urban comfort > Low pollution	81.08 Ranked 8th. 3% more than Switzerland	78.75 Ranked 6th.
CFC > Consumption per 1000	0.0132 Ranked 84th.	0.0327 Ranked 79th. 2 times more than Norway
Waste > Hazardous waste created per thousand people	280.29 tonnes Ranked 12th. 84% more than Switzerland	152.65 tonnes Ranked 8th.
Protected area	6.8% Ranked 62nd.	18% Ranked 15th. 3 times more than Norway
Pollution perceptions > Dirty, untidy cities	36.76 Ranked 47th. 56% more than Switzerland	23.57 Ranked 25th.
Biodiversity > GEF benefits index for biodiversity > 0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum	1.31 Ranked 113th. 6 times more than Switzerland	0.227 Ranked 167th.
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 US$ of GDP	$0.22 Ranked 164th. 69% more than Switzerland	$0.13 Ranked 169th.
Pollution perceptions > Free of noise and light pollution	73.33 Ranked 5th. 28% more than Switzerland	57.14 Ranked 16th.
Freshwater > Renewable internal freshwater resources > Total > Billion cubic meters	382 Ranked 22nd. 9 times more than Switzerland	40.4 Ranked 81st.
Acidification	15.96% Ranked 22nd.	36.9% Ranked 13th. 2 times more than Norway
Emissions > Methane emissions > Kt of CO2 equivalent	12,080 Ranked 61st. 3 times more than Switzerland	4,150 Ranked 96th.
Water > Net freshwater supplied by water supply industry per capita	178.05 cubic metres Ranked 9th. 36% more than Switzerland	131.08 cubic metres Ranked 11th.
Freshwater > Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita > Cubic meters	80,113.89 Ranked 9th. 15 times more than Switzerland	5,282.65 Ranked 66th.
Pollution > PM10, country level > Micrograms per cubic meter	16.12 Ranked 147th.	19.84 Ranked 125th. 23% more than Norway
Wetlands of intl importance > Area	70 thousand hectares Ranked 71st. 10 times more than Switzerland	7 thousand hectares Ranked 101st.
Biodiversity and protected areas > Terrestrial protected areas > Number	1,795 Ranked 16th.	2,146 Ranked 13th. 20% more than Norway
CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 PPP $ of GDP	0.29 kg/PPP$ Ranked 95th. 61% more than Switzerland	0.18 kg/PPP$ Ranked 125th.
Proportion of land and marine area under protection	12.23% Ranked 100th.	26.3% Ranked 33th. 2 times more than Norway
Endangered species protection	87% Ranked 43th.	100% Ranked 3rd. 15% more than Norway
Climate change > CO2 emissions from other sectors, excluding residential buildings and commercial and public services > Million metric tons	2.12 Ranked 42nd. 3 times more than Switzerland	0.69 Ranked 68th.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) > Emissions (CO2 equivalent) per million people	15.3 Ranked 7th.	19.82 Ranked 5th. 30% more than Norway
Pollution perceptions > Urban discomfort from pollution	18.92 Ranked 52nd.	21.25 Ranked 22nd. 12% more than Norway
Biodiversity > GEF benefits index for biodiversity > 0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum per million	0.274 Ranked 100th. 9 times more than Switzerland	0.0297 Ranked 176th.
Pollution > Carbon Dioxide per capita	8 Ranked 14th. 33% more than Switzerland	6 Ranked 25th.
Water > Population connected to wastewater treatment	79% Ranked 8th.	97% Ranked 5th. 23% more than Norway
Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Rural	100% Ranked 29th. The same as Switzerland	100% Ranked 6th.
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Urban	100 Ranked 38th. The same as Switzerland	100 Ranked 9th.
Waste water treatment expenditure per million	$20.51 Ranked 1st. 45% more than Switzerland	$14.17 Ranked 4th.
Commitment to Development Index (environment)	3.2 Ranked 26th.	5.8 Ranked 20th. 81% more than Norway
Municipal waste treatment expenditure per million	$2.20 Ranked 3rd. 29% more than Switzerland	$1.70 Ranked 5th.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Carbon dioxide (CO2) > CO2 emissions per thousand people	9.3 Ranked 14th. 58% more than Switzerland	5.87 Ranked 31st.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Methane (CH4) > Emissions (CO2 equivalent)	4,345.84 Ranked 29th. 14% more than Switzerland	3,815.59 Ranked 32nd.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) > Emissions (CO2 equivalent)	74.81 Ranked 18th.	155.12 Ranked 15th. 2 times more than Norway
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Carbon dioxide (CO2) > CO2 emissions	45,454.99 Ranked 28th.	45,962.74 Ranked 27th. 1% more than Norway
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Methane (CH4) > Emissions (CO2 equivalent) per thousand people	0.889 Ranked 21st. 82% more than Switzerland	0.488 Ranked 39th.
Pollution perceptions > Waste management satisfaction	76.52 Ranked 7th. About the same as Switzerland	76.39 Ranked 4th.
Emissions > Nitrous oxide emissions > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent	4,680 Ranked 78th. 65% more than Switzerland	2,840 Ranked 96th.
Wildness	28.71% Ranked 39th. 12 times more than Switzerland	2.43% Ranked 78th.
Forest area > Sq. km per 1000	20.3 kmÂ² Ranked 29th. 12 times more than Switzerland	1.64 kmÂ² Ranked 120th.
Threatened species > Mammal	4 Ranked 143th.	6 Ranked 112th. 50% more than Norway
Water > Net freshwater supplied by water supply industry to households per capita	77.04 cubic metres Ranked 5th.	83.38 cubic metres Ranked 7th. 8% more than Norway
Municipal waste treatment expenditure	$10.00 Ranked 11th.	$12.40 Ranked 2nd. 24% more than Norway
World Heritage Sites (environmental)	1 Ranked 47th.	3 Ranked 18th. 3 times more than Norway
Known mammal species	54 Ranked 132nd.	75 Ranked 115th. 39% more than Norway
Climate change > CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services > Million metric tons	1.17 Ranked 77th.	13.29 Ranked 31st. 11 times more than Norway
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Total > Billion cubic meters	2.19 Ranked 71st.	2.57 Ranked 68th. 17% more than Norway
Pollution > Carbon dioxide 1999	10,565 Ranked 60th.	11,075 Ranked 57th. 5% more than Norway
Breeding birds threatened	0.82% Ranked 120th.	1.04% Ranked 113th. 27% more than Norway
Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > Kt	3,182.96 Ranked 60th. 5 times more than Switzerland	594.05 Ranked 85th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > Kt per 1000	2.92 Ranked 23th. 3 times more than Switzerland	0.881 Ranked 62nd.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > Kt per 1000	7.75 Ranked 11th. 2 times more than Switzerland	3.74 Ranked 43th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > Kt	14,264.63 Ranked 54th. 2 times more than Switzerland	6,893.96 Ranked 68th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > Kt per 1000	0.651 Ranked 53th. 9 times more than Switzerland	0.0759 Ranked 82nd.
Climate change > Other greenhouse gas emissions, HFC, PFC and SF6 > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent per million	372.86 Ranked 15th. 7% more than Switzerland	348.76 Ranked 17th.
Biodiversity and protected areas > Marine protected areas > Number	17 Ranked 47th.	0.0 Ranked 151st.
Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Urban	100 Ranked 31st. The same as Switzerland	100 Ranked 7th.
Emissions > Other greenhouse gas emissions > HFC > PFC and SF6 > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent	1,770 Ranked 25th.	3,310 Ranked 18th. 87% more than Norway
Urban SO2 concentration	5.47 micrograms/m3 Ranked 133th.	11.34 micrograms/m3 Ranked 124th. 2 times more than Norway
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Nitrous oxide (N2O) > Emissions (CO2 equivalent) per million people	627.55 Ranked 27th. 53% more than Switzerland	409.51 Ranked 37th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Consumption of fixed capital > Current US$	$67.78 billion Ranked 19th.	$70.79 billion Ranked 17th. 4% more than Norway
Sustainability-satisfying companies	33.1% Ranked 8th.	82.4% Ranked 2nd. 2 times more than Norway
Water > Surface and Groundwater inflow	11.68 billion cubic metres Ranked 10th.	12.16 billion cubic metres Ranked 17th. 4% more than Norway
Water > Population connected to wastewater collecting system	83% Ranked 17th.	97% Ranked 10th. 17% more than Norway
Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Including particulate emission damage > Current US$	$73.44 billion Ranked 14th.	$92.14 billion Ranked 13th. 25% more than Norway
Environmental agreement compliance	6.06 Ranked 7th. 3% more than Switzerland	5.89 Ranked 8th.
Pollution > Carbon dioxide 1999 per 1000	2.37 Ranked 30th. 53% more than Switzerland	1.55 Ranked 56th.
Emissions > PM10 > Country level > Micrograms per cubic meter	14.8 Ranked 159th.	25.51 Ranked 117th. 72% more than Norway
Wetlands of intl importance > Area per million	15.42 thousand hectares Ranked 46th. 16 times more than Switzerland	0.961 thousand hectares Ranked 95th.
Known mammal species per million	11.9 Ranked 74th. 16% more than Switzerland	10.3 Ranked 79th.
Areas under protection per million	38.99 Ranked 20th.	296.63 Ranked 3rd. 8 times more than Norway
Water > Salinisation	0.61 Ranked 140th.	301.06 Ranked 109th. 494 times more than Norway
Kyoto Protocol signatories > Signed and ratified > Date	4/29/1998	3/16/1998
Areas under protection	178 Ranked 35th.	2,177 Ranked 8th. 12 times more than Norway
Fertiliser > Consumption	2,257.71 hundred grams/hectare Ranked 26th.	7,927.71 hundred grams/hectare Ranked 3rd. 4 times more than Norway
Urban NO2 concentration	49.65 micrograms/m3 Ranked 72nd. 18% more than Switzerland	42.2 micrograms/m3 Ranked 95th.
Non-wildness	3.89% Ranked 60th.	27.34% Ranked 7th. 7 times more than Norway
Emissions > Industrial methane emissions > % of total	61.75% Ranked 17th. 7 times more than Switzerland	8.67% Ranked 99th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > Kt	37,872.78 Ranked 42nd. 29% more than Switzerland	29,273.66 Ranked 52nd.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net national savings > % of GNI	26.19% Ranked 22nd. 52% more than Switzerland	17.26% Ranked 47th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net forest depletion > Current US$	0.0 Ranked 154th.	0.0 Ranked 81st.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Excluding particulate emission damage > % of GNI	16.23% Ranked 27th.	21.85% Ranked 17th. 35% more than Norway
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Energy depletion > Current US$	$71.99 billion Ranked 7th.	0.0 Ranked 114th.
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per PPP $ of GDP	$0.17 Ranked 137th. 42% more than Switzerland	$0.12 Ranked 150th.
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2005 PPP $ of GDP	$0.19 Ranked 130th. 46% more than Switzerland	$0.13 Ranked 150th.
Emissions > CO2 intensity > Kg per kg of oil equivalent energy use	1.59 Ranked 96th. 7% more than Switzerland	1.48 Ranked 99th.
PM10 > Country level > Micrograms per cubic meter	11.54 mcg/mÂ³ Ranked 174th.	24.42 mcg/mÂ³ Ranked 137th. 2 times more than Norway
Emissions > Agricultural nitrous oxide emissions > % of total	52.99% Ranked 113th.	78.17% Ranked 81st. 48% more than Norway
Climate change > GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF > Mt of CO2 equivalent	-25.328 Ranked 28th.	0.0886 Ranked 5th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net national savings > Current US$	$118.60 billion Ranked 10th. 62% more than Switzerland	$73.11 billion Ranked 18th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > % of GNI	0.01% Ranked 145th.	0.07% Ranked 109th. 7 times more than Norway
Natural gas rents > % of GDP	2.66% Ranked 17th. 145497 times more than Switzerland	1.83e-05% Ranked 87th.
Water pollution > Wood industry > % of total BOD emissions	3.13% Ranked 24th.	4.15% Ranked 14th. 33% more than Norway
Water pollution > Other industry > % of total BOD emissions	7.51% Ranked 20th.	8.65% Ranked 16th. 15% more than Norway
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Mineral depletion > Current US$	$38.16 million Ranked 64th.	0.0 Ranked 100th.
Water > Phosphorus concentration	0.01 mls/litre Ranked 139th.	0.07 mls/litre Ranked 130th. 7 times more than Norway
Pollution perceptions > Green space and parks satisfaction	78.03 Ranked 5th. 2% more than Switzerland	76.43 Ranked 6th.
Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$, % of GDP	72.73% Ranked 137th.	90.65% Ranked 13th. 25% more than Norway
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Gross savings > % of GNI	41.16% Ranked 17th. 23% more than Switzerland	33.49% Ranked 30th.
Municipal waste treatment expenditure, % of GDP	5.21e-09% Ranked 5th. 20% more than Switzerland	4.33e-09% Ranked 7th.
Total natural resources rents > % of GDP	13.55% Ranked 40th. 608 times more than Switzerland	0.0223% Ranked 159th.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) > Emissions (CO2 equivalent) per million people	152.72 Ranked 16th. 11% more than Switzerland	137.12 Ranked 24th.
Known breeding bird species	241 Ranked 46th. 21% more than Switzerland	199 Ranked 82nd.
Water pollution > Chemical industry > % of total BOD emissions	4.66% Ranked 58th.	10.38% Ranked 23th. 2 times more than Norway
International agreements > Signed but not ratified	none of the selected agreements	Law of the Sea
Kyoto Protocol signatories > Signed and ratified > % for ratification	0.26	0.32
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Energy depletion > % of GNI	15.9% Ranked 23th.	0.0 Ranked 104th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Carbon dioxide damage > % of GNI	0.08% Ranked 156th. 33% more than Switzerland	0.06% Ranked 158th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Consumption of fixed capital > % of GNI	14.97% Ranked 6th. 13% more than Switzerland	13.27% Ranked 36th.
Climate change > GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF > Mt of CO2 equivalent per million	-5.245 Ranked 37th.	0.0114 Ranked 5th.
Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > % of GNI	0.08% of GNI Ranked 140th.	0.16% of GNI Ranked 118th. Twice as much as Norway
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Perfluorcarbons (PFCs) > Emissions (CO2 equivalent) per million people	41.95 Ranked 3rd. 9 times more than Switzerland	4.67 Ranked 20th.
Water pollution > Paper and pulp industry > % of total BOD emissions	31.3% Ranked 6th. 33% more than Switzerland	23.56% Ranked 12th.
Marine protected areas > % of territorial waters	1.3% Ranked 108th. 2 times more than Switzerland	0.626% Ranked 123th.
Red Kite > Populations and trends > Year	1980	ca.1995
Adjusted savings > Carbon dioxide damage > % of GNI	0.1% of GNI Ranked 158th. 43% more than Switzerland	0.07% of GNI Ranked 162nd.
Water pollution > Textile industry > % of total BOD emissions	1.43% Ranked 67th.	3.22% Ranked 88th. 2 times more than Norway
CO2 Emissions	35,312.2 Ranked 59th.	41,789.4 Ranked 57th. 18% more than Norway
Water > Suspended solids	3.02 mls/litre Ranked 128th.	3.98 mls/litre Ranked 103th. 32% more than Norway
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved sanitation > Rural	100 Ranked 29th. The same as Switzerland	100 Ranked 6th.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Perfluorcarbons (PFCs) > Emissions (CO2 equivalent)	205.12 Ranked 13th. 6 times more than Switzerland	36.51 Ranked 22nd.
Water > Net freshwater supplied by water supply industry	808 million cubic metres Ranked 19th.	981 million cubic metres Ranked 16th. 21% more than Norway
Climate change > Other greenhouse gas emissions, HFC, PFC and SF6 > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent	1,823 Ranked 34th.	2,729 Ranked 30th. 50% more than Norway
Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > % of total	5.57% Ranked 82nd. 4 times more than Switzerland	1.53% Ranked 100th.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Kyoto Protocol sign date	29 April 1998	16 March 1998
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Emissions (CO2 equivalent) per thousand people	11.02 Ranked 16th. 59% more than Switzerland	6.93 Ranked 33th.
Biodiversity and protected areas > Marine protected areas > % of total surface area	0.46% Ranked 91st.	0.0 Ranked 143th.
Biodiversity and protected areas > Terrestrial protected areas > % of total surface area	5.22% Ranked 135th.	28.58% Ranked 21st. 5 times more than Norway
Forest area > % of land area	30.85% of land area Ranked 90th. 1% more than Switzerland	30.52% of land area Ranked 91st.
Water pollution > Metal industry > % of total BOD emissions	9.02% Ranked 22nd.	24.85% Ranked 3rd. 3 times more than Norway
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Nitrous oxide (N2O) > Emissions (CO2 equivalent)	3,068.27 Ranked 34th.	3,204.38 Ranked 33th. 4% more than Norway
Climate change > CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services > Million metric tons per million	0.236 Ranked 59th.	1.68 Ranked 7th. 7 times more than Norway
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Industry > % of total freshwater withdrawal	66.67% Ranked 10th.	73.93% Ranked 7th. 11% more than Norway
Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Including particulate emission damage > % of GNI	16.22% Ranked 26th.	21.76% Ranked 16th. 34% more than Norway
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Domestic > % of total freshwater withdrawal	22.83% Ranked 45th.	24.12% Ranked 38th. 6% more than Norway
Known breeding bird species per million	53.11 Ranked 29th. 94% more than Switzerland	27.32 Ranked 58th.
Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day per worker	0.19 kg per day per worker Ranked 24th. 12% more than Switzerland	0.17 kg per day per worker Ranked 56th.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) > Emissions (CO2 equivalent)	746.66 Ranked 26th.	1,072.97 Ranked 22nd. 44% more than Norway
Water pollution > Clay and glass industry > % of total BOD emissions	0.13% Ranked 51st.	0.17% Ranked 53th. 31% more than Norway
Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Excluding particulate emission damage > Current US$	$73.49 billion Ranked 14th.	$92.52 billion Ranked 13th. 26% more than Norway
Climate change > CO2 emissions from other sectors, excluding residential buildings and commercial and public services > % of total fuel combustion	5.56% Ranked 27th. 3 times more than Switzerland	1.73% Ranked 78th.
Emissions > Agricultural methane emissions > % of total	14.32% Ranked 111th.	67.95% Ranked 23th. 5 times more than Norway
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > Current US$	$53.59 million Ranked 71st.	$372.98 million Ranked 30th. 7 times more than Norway
Water > Surface and Groundwater inflow per capita	2,418.24 cubic metres Ranked 8th. 50% more than Switzerland	1,610.09 cubic metres Ranked 16th.
Waste water treatment expenditure, % of GDP	5.47e-08% Ranked 3rd. 38% more than Switzerland	3.98e-08% Ranked 5th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Mineral depletion > % of GNI	0.01% Ranked 70th.	0.0 Ranked 83th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > % of total fuel combustion	36.33% Ranked 76th. 4 times more than Switzerland	9.31% Ranked 126th.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change sign date	June 4, 1992	June 12, 1992
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Total > % of internal resources	0.57% Ranked 133th.	6.36% Ranked 76th. 11 times more than Norway
Adjusted net national income > Current US$, % of GDP	76.18% Ranked 117th.	87.62% Ranked 37th. 15% more than Norway
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net forest depletion > % of GNI	0.0 Ranked 145th.	0.0 Ranked 75th.
Water > Net freshwater supplied by water supply industry to households	372 million cubic metres Ranked 8th.	624 million cubic metres Ranked 11th. 68% more than Norway
Expenditure pollution control as % of GDP	1.2% of GDP Ranked 9th.	1.6% of GDP Ranked 5th. 33% more than Norway
Climate change > CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services > % of total fuel combustion	3.07% Ranked 113th.	33.34% Ranked 2nd. 11 times more than Norway
Water pollution > Food industry > % of total BOD emissions	42.82% Ranked 45th. 71% more than Switzerland	25.03% Ranked 91st.
Pollution perceptions > Green space and parks dissatisfaction	21.97 Ranked 55th.	23.57 Ranked 22nd. 7% more than Norway
Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > % of total	24.94% Ranked 55th. 40% more than Switzerland	17.79% Ranked 69th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > % of total	66.23% Ranked 98th.	75.53% Ranked 85th. 14% more than Norway
Pollution > Nitrogen Oxides per capita	51 Ranked 5th. 3 times more than Switzerland	18 Ranked 26th.
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Agriculture > % of total freshwater withdrawal	10.5% Ranked 122nd. 5 times more than Switzerland	1.95% Ranked 134th.

SOURCES: The Changing Wealth of Nations: Measuring Sustainable Development in the New Millennium; World Resources Institute. 2003. Carbon Emissions from energy use and cement manufacturing, 1850 to 2000. Available on-line through the Climate Analysis Indicators Tool (CAIT) at Washington, DC: World Resources Institute. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; International Energy Agency; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), Living Planet Report 2000, Gland, Switzerland: 2000, and Redefining Progress.; FAOSTAT on-line database; OECD Environmental Data Compendium: 2002; pollution; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; traffic; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008; International Energy Agency. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Bank, World Development Indicators 2001, Washington, DC: World Bank, 2001 (for BOD emissions)and Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, WaterGap 2.1, 2000 (for data on waterquantity). via ciesin.org; World Development Indicators database; OECD Environmental Data Compendium: 2002. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; FAOSTAT on-line database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, WaterGap 2.1, 2000 via ciesin.org; UNEP, Production and Consumption of Ozone Depleting Substances, 1986-1998, October 1999. via ciesin.org; United Nations Environmental Program and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre, and International Union for Conservation of Nature, Red List of Threatened Species.; United Nations Environmental Program and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Wikipedia: List of national parks (Africa); Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, United States.; United Nations Environmental Program and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre; Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center; World Development Indicators database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; The Changing Wealth of Nations: Measuring Sustainable Development in the New Millennium. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: Special Report on Emissions Scenarios, Data Version 1.1, B1Illustrative Marker Scenario with model IMAGE; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Froese, R. and Pauly, D. (eds). 2008. FishBase database, www.fishbase.org.; Froese, R. and Pauly, D. (eds). 2008. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org. version (07/2008). Accessed: 28 September 2008.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Global Environmental Monitoring System/Water Quality Monitoring System, with data for an additional 29 countries from Prescott-Allen,R. The Well being of Nations, Washington, DC: Island Press, 2001; Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, United States. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, WaterGAP 2.1B, 2001 via ciesin.org; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; OECD Environmental Data Com¡pendium: 2003; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Kiran Dev Pandey, Piet Buys, Ken Chomitz, and David Wheeler's, ""Biodiversity Conservation Indicators: New Tools for Priority Setting at the Global Environment Facility"" (2006).; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=ENV&f=variableID%3a5, Freshwater internal flow; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=ENV&f=variableID%3a5, Freshwater internal flow. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Source tables; UNEP, Production and Consumption of Ozone Depleting Substances, 1986-1998, October 1999. via ciesin.org. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Jacaranda Atlas; Kiran Dev Pandey, Piet Buys, Ken Chomitz, and David Wheeler's, "Biodiversity Conservation Indicators: New Tools for Priority Setting at the Global Environment Facility" (2006).; Food and Agriculture Organisation, AQUASTAT data.; Stockholm Environment Institute at York, Acidification in Developing Countries: Ecosystem Sensitivity and the Critical Loads Approach at the Global scale, 2000 via ciesin.org; World Resources Institute.; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=ENV&f=variableID%3a29, Net freshwater supplied by water supply industry. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Bank, Development Research Group and Environment Department; World Resources Institute; United Nations Environmental Program and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre, as compiled by the World Resources Institute, based on data from national authorities, national legislation and international agreements.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, Report on National Reports Required Under Article VIII, Paragraph 7(a), of the Convention, Eleventh Meeting of the Conference of the Parties, Gigiri, Kenya, April 2000; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Kiran Dev Pandey, Piet Buys, Ken Chomitz, and David Wheeler's, "Biodiversity Conservation Indicators: New Tools for Priority Setting at the Global Environment Facility" (2006). Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, OECD Environmental Data Compendium; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; OECD Environmental Data Com¡pendium: 2003. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Wikipedia: Commitment to Development Index (Commitment to Development Index) (http://www.cgdev.org/doc/CDI%202012/CDI%20Postcard_2012.pdf); OECD Environmental Data Com¡pendium: 2002. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Source tables; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; International Energy Agency (IEA Statistics \xA9 OECD/IEA, http://www.iea.org/stats/index.asp).; Wild Areas Project (WAP), joint Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) and CIESIN project to map the lastwild places on the earth's surface. via ciesin.org; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=ENV&f=variableID%3a38, Net freshwater supplied by water supply industry to: Households. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; OECD Environmental Data Com¡pendium: 2002; Wikipedia: Table of World Heritage Sites by country (Table of World Heritage Sites); Gregg Marland, Tom Boden, and Bob Andres, University of North Dakota, via net publication; 2000 IUCN Red List, and World Resources Institute,World Resources 2000-2001, Washington, DC: WRI, 2000. Original sources: World Conservation Monitoring Center, IUCN-The World Conservation Union, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and other sources.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; World Resources Institute, World Resources 1998-99; World Bank, World Development Indicators 2000; WHO,Air Management Information System-AMIS 2.0, 1998; and Global Urban Observatory, Citibase, 1999. via ciesin.org; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Bank staff estimates using data from the United Nations Statistics Division's National Accounts Statistics.; Assessment of the Country Allocation of the Dow Jones Sustainability Group Index, SAM SustainabilityGroup via ciesin.org; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=ENV&f=variableID%3a8, Inflow of surface and groundwaters; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; World Bank staff estimates. The conceptual underpinnings of the savings measure appear in Hamilton and Clemens' ""Genuine Savings Rates in Developing Countries"" (1999).; Michael E. Porter et al, The Global Competitveness Report 2001. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. via ciesin.org; Gregg Marland, Tom Boden, and Bob Andres, University of North Dakota, via net publication. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Kiren Dev Pandey, David Wheeler, Bart Ostro, Uwe Deichmann, Kirk Hamilton, and Katherine Bolt. ""Ambient Particulate Matter Concentrations in Residential and Pollution Hotspot Areas of World Cities: New Estimates Based on the Global Model of Ambient Particulates (GMAPS),"" World Bank, Development Research Group and Environment Department (2006).; World Resources Institute. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNFCCC: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; World Bank, World Development Indicators 2001. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2001. via ciesin.org; Wild Areas Project (WAP), joint Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) and CIESIN project to map the last wild places on the earth's surface. Accessed via ciesin.org; World Bank staff estimates.; World Bank staff estimates based on sources and methods in Arundhati Kunte and others' ""Estimating National Wealth: Methodology and Results"" (1998).; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.; Kiran D. Pandey and others' ""The Human Costs of Air Pollution: New Estimates for Developing Countries"" (2006).; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Global Environmental Monitoring System/Water Quality Monitoring System, with data for an additional 29 countries from Prescott-Allen, R. The Well being of Nations, Washington, DC: Island Press, 2001; The Changing Wealth of Nations: Measuring Sustainable Development in the New Millennium. GDP figures sourced from World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; World Bank national accounts data files.; OECD Environmental Data Com¡pendium: 2002. 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Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Wikipedia: Red Kite; World Resources Institute. 2003. Carbon Emissions from energy use and cement manufacturing, 1850 to 2000. Available on-line through the Climate Analysis Indicators Tool (CAIT) at Washington, DC: World Resources Institute; United Nations Statistics Division Original html; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Source tables; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=ENV&f=variableID%3a29, Net freshwater supplied by water supply industry; Wikipedia: List of parties to the Kyoto Protocol (Parties); United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Source tables; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Source tables; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=ENV&f=variableID%3a8, Inflow of surface and groundwaters. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; OECD Environmental Data Com¡pendium: 2003. GDP figures sourced from World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; Wikipedia: List of parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (List of parties) (Parties & Observers , UNFCCC, 1 June 2011); http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=ENV&f=variableID%3a38, Net freshwater supplied by water supply industry to: Households; OECD Environmental Indicators, p. 104. See also Myriam Linster and Frederique Zegel, 'Pollution Abatement and Control in OECD Countries', OECD Working Group on Environmental Information and Outlooks at www.oecd.org

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