Education Stats: compare key data on Australia & Germany

Definitions

Average years of schooling of adults: Average years of schooling of adults is the years of formal schooling received, on average, by adults over age 15. (Data Source: Barro-Lee Data Set www.worldbank.org/html/prdmg/grthweb/ddbarle2.htm)
Children out of school, primary: Children out of school, primary. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Total is the total number of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
Children out of school, primary per 1000: Children out of school, primary. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Total is the total number of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Children out of school, primary, female: Children out of school, primary, female. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Female is the total number of female primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
College and university > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index for college and university enrollment. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled.
College and university > Share of total education spending: Percentage of government education funding that goes to post-secondary education.
Compulsary education duration: Number of years students are required to be enrolled in school for all levels of education. For instance, compulsary education lasts for 12 years in the United States.
Government spending on education > Proportion of GDP: Percentage of public funding for education out of country's total GDP.
High school enrolment rate: Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year.
Homeschooling legal status: Legal status of homeschooling.
Literacy > Total population: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
Primary education, duration > Years: Primary education, duration (years). Duration of primary is the number of grades (years) in primary education.
Primary education, teachers per 1000: Primary education, teachers. Teaching staff in primary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Pupil-teacher ratio, primary: Pupil-teacher ratio, primary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Primary is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers.
Secondary education, duration > Years: Secondary education, duration (years). Duration of secondary education is the number of grades (years) in secondary education (ISCED 2 & 3).
Average IQ: Average IQ of different countries according to the controversial book "IQ and the Wealth of Nations".
Literacy > Female: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
Children out of school, primary, female per 1000: Children out of school, primary, female. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Female is the total number of female primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
College and university > Gender ratio: Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment is the percentage of men to women enrolled at tertiary level in public and private schools.
Child care (preschool) > Duration: Number of years students study at the pre-primary (preschool) level. It should be noted that not all countries require pre-primary education.
Secondary education > Teachers > Per capita: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Duration of compulsory education: Duration of compulsory education is the number of grades (or years) that a child must legally be enrolled in school.
Secondary education, pupils: Secondary education, pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled at public and private secondary education institutions.
School life expectancy > Total: School life expectancy and transition from primary to secondary for school years 1998/99 and 1999/00, published in http://www.uis.unesco.org accessed on Sept. 2002 and Women's Indicators and Statistics Database (Wistat), Version 4, CD-ROM (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.00.XVII.4) based on data provided by UNESCO in 1999.
Primary education, pupils: Primary education, pupils. Enrolment in primary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in public and private primary education institutions.
Primary education, teachers: Primary education, teachers. Teaching staff in primary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Tertiary enrollment: Gross enrolment ratio, tertiary level is the sum of all tertiary level students enrolled at the start of the school year, expressed as a percentage of the mid-year population in the 5 year age group after the official secondary school leaving age.
High school > Gender ratio: Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
Compulsary education starting age: Age at which children must be enrolled in school.
Literacy > Definition: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
High school > Upper secondary school duration: Number of years students study at the upper secondary (high school) level.
Literacy > Male: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
Spending > USD: Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment."
High school > Private school share: Percentage of secondary students who attend a private school.
Spending > Proportion: Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment. Expressed as a proportion of GNI."
Pupil-teacher ratio > Primary: Primary school pupil-teacher ratio is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers (regardless of their teaching assignment).
Child care (preschool) > Starting age: Average age at which students begin pre-primary (preschool) education.
High school repeaters > Male: Repeaters in secondary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in secondary school."
Preschool enrollment rate: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music."
Tertiary > Students studying abroad: Total number of post-secondary students who were studying abroad during given year.
Teachers as percentage of labor force: The percentage share of the total labor force who are classroom, academic staff, and other teachers. Data for 1999.
Literacy > Reading performance > Overall: Overall.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Elementary (primary school) > Duration: Number of years students study at the primary level.
Secondary education, teachers: Secondary education, teachers. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Secondary education, teachers per 1000: Secondary education, teachers. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Mathematical literacy: Mathematical literacy mean value of performance scale 15 years old 2000
High school > Lower secondary school duration: Number of years students study at the lower secondary (middle school) level.
Children out of school, primary, male per 1000: Children out of school, primary, male. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Male is the total number of male primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Scientific literacy: Scientific literacy mean value of performance scale 15 years old (2000)
Spending per student > High school: Public expenditure per student is the public current spending on education divided by the total number of students by level, as a percentage of GDP per capita. Public expenditure (current and capital) includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities)."
Secondary education, general pupils: Secondary education, general pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. General programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in general programmes at public and private secondary education institutions.
Reading literacy: Reading literacy mean value of performance scale (15 years old, 2000)
High school > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index for secondary level enrollment. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled.
Literacy > Reading performance > Overall reading skills: Overall.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Scientific and technical journal articles: Scientific and technical journal articles refer to the number of scientific and engineering articles published in the following fields: physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, clinical medicine, biomedical research, engineering and technology, and earth and space sciences.
Literacy > Reading performance > Access and retrieve: Access and retrieve.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Tertiary > Students studying abroad proportion: The number of students from a given country studying abroad in a given year, expressed as a percentage of total tertiary enrollment in that country. Ratios greater than 100 % are possible, because those currently studying abroad do not count towards total enrollment.
Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Scouting > Genders admitted: Admits boys/girls.
Elementary (primary school) > Starting age: Average age at which students begin primary education.
International Baccalaureate schools: Number of schools of any level teaching the curriculum of the International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO).
Children out of school, primary, male: Children out of school, primary, male. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Male is the total number of male primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
Secondary education > General pupils: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training.
Spending per student > Elementary school: Public expenditure per student is the public current spending on education divided by the total number of students by level, as a percentage of GDP per capita. Public expenditure (current and capital) includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities)."
Secondary school starting age > Years: Secondary school starting age (years). Entrance age of 2A lower secondary is the age at which students would enter lower secondary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade.
High school starting age > Years: Secondary school starting age is the age at which students would enter secondary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade."
Primary education > Teachers > Per capita: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Educational attainment > Tertiary: Percentage of adult population (aged 25-64) educated till tertiary level (year 2000).
High school > Population with at least high school education > Women: Population with at least high school education > Women.
Schools connected to the Internet: Schools connected to the Internet are the share of primary and secondary schools in the country that have access to the Internet.
Public spending per student > Primary level: Public expenditure per student, primary level is the total reported current spending by the government on primary education, divided by the total number of pupils in primary education, expressed as a percentage of per capita GDP.
Secondary education, pupils per 1000: Secondary education, pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled at public and private secondary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Primary education, pupils per 1000: Primary education, pupils. Enrolment in primary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in public and private primary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Universities > Top 100: Number of universities in the top 100
Student attitude > Dislike of school: Percentage of schoolgoing children who do not like going to school (2000).
Tertiary > Students studying abroad per thousand people: Total number of post-secondary students who were studying abroad during given year. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Outcomes > Secondary education > Duration > Years: Secondary education, duration (years) is the number of grades (years) in secondary school."
Teacher student ratio > High school: Secondary school pupil-teacher ratio is the number of pupils enrolled in secondary school divided by the number of secondary school teachers (regardless of their teaching assignment).
Inequality adjusted index: Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index.
High school repeaters > Female: Repeaters in secondary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in secondary school."
Teacher student ratio > Elementary school: Primary school pupil-teacher ratio is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers (regardless of their teaching assignment).
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 11: Intended hours of instruction per year for 11 year olds in public educational institutions. Data for 2000.
Elementary school > Enrolled students: Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
Primary education > Duration > Years: Primary duration refers to the number of years of full-time equivalent duration in primary education in the school system according to ISCED.
Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$ per capita: Services, etc., value added (constant 2000 US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
School enrolment rate > 1st grade: Gross intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the official primary entrance age."
Secondary education, general pupils per 1000: Secondary education, general pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. General programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in general programmes at public and private secondary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 12: Intended hours of instruction per year for 12 year olds in public educational institutions. Data for 2000.
Literacy > Reading performance > Integrate and interpret: Integrate and interpret.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Elementary (primary) school) > Private school share: Percentage of primary students who attend a private school.
High school > Lower secondary starting age: Average age at which students begin lower secondary (middle school) education.
Elementary school > Gender ratio: Ratio of female to male primary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
High school enrolment rate > Female: Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year.
Duration of education > Secondary level: Duration of secondary education is the number of grades (or years) in general secondary education.
Public spending per student > Tertiary level: Public expenditure per student, tertiary level is the total reported current spending by the government on tertiary education, divided by the total number of pupils in tertiary education, expressed as a percentage of per capita GDP.
Primary education > Pupils: Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
Secondary education > Pupils: Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
High school > Population with at least high school education > Men: Gender Inequality Index.
Education enrolment by level > Secondary level > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Secondary education, vocational pupils: Secondary education, vocational pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. Technical/vocational programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in technical/vocational programmes at public and private secondary education institutions.
Elementary (primary) school > Students per teacher: Number of students per teacher for primary education.
Spending on education > Proportion spent on all staff salaries: Percentage of public funding for education that goes to school staff salaries.
Secondary education > Teachers: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
Spending per secondary school student: Secondary school spending per pupil in 1998, converted into US dollars by purchasing power parity.
Scientific and technical journal articles per million: Scientific and technical journal articles refer to the number of scientific and engineering articles published in the following fields: physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, clinical medicine, biomedical research, engineering and technology, and earth and space sciences. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Literacy > Reading performance > Continuous texts: Continuous texts.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Literacy > Reading performance > Non-continuous texts: Non-continuous texts.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Duration of education > Primary level: Duration of primary education is the number of grades (or years) in primary education.
Literacy > Adults at low literacy level: Percentage of adults whose level of document literacy is rated 'low'. Data for 1998
Expected duration of education for all students: Expected years of schooling for a 5-year-old under current conditions, excluding education for children under 5. Data for 2000.
Participation > Children out of school > Elementary: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school.
Participation > Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education: Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary and secondary levels in public and private schools.
Public spending per student > Secondary level: Public expenditure per student, secondary level is the total reported current spending by the government on secondary education, divided by the total number of pupils in secondary education, expressed as a percentage of per capita GDP.
Progression to secondary school: Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year.
Literacy > Reading performance > Reflect and evaluate: Reflect and evaluate.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Educational attainment > Senior secondary: Percentage of adult population (aged 25-64) educated till senior secondary level (year 2000).
High school > Upper secondary starting age: Average age at which students begin upper secondary (high school) education.
Elementary school starting age > Years: Primary school starting age is the age at which students would enter primary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade."
Teaching weeks per year > Primary: Average number of weeks taught per year by primary level teachers. Data for 2000.
Student attitude > Find school boring: Percentage of students who do find school boring (2000).
School life expectancy > Male: School life expectancy and transition from primary to secondary for school years 1998/99 and 1999/00, published in http://www.uis.unesco.org accessed on Sept. 2002 and Women's Indicators and Statistics Database (Wistat), Version 4, CD-ROM (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.00.XVII.4) based on data provided by UNESCO in 1999.
Universities > Top 200: Number of universities in the top 200
Literacy > Adults at high literacy level: Percentage of adults whose level of document literacy is rated 'high'. Data for 1998.
Secondary education > General pupils > Per capita: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Education enrolment by level > Primary level > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Education enrolment by level > Primary level per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Primary teacher salary > Starting: Annual statutory teachers' salaries in public institutions in primary education, in equivalent US dollars converted using PPPs. Data for 1999.
Research and Development > RandD > Expenditure on RandD > Gross domestic expenditure on RandD: Research and development (R&D) comprise creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications. R&D is a term covering three activities: basic research, applied research, and experimental development. Basic research is experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge of the underlying foundation of phenomena and observable facts, without any particular application or use in view. Applied research is also original investigation undertaken in order to acquire new knowledge. It is, however, directed primarily towards a specific practical aim or objective. Experimental development is systematic work, drawing on existing knowledge gained from research and/or practical experience, which is directed to producing new materials, products or devices, to installing new processes, systems and services, or to improving substantially those already produced or installed.
The main aggregate used for international comparisons is gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD). This consists of the total expenditure (current and capital) on R&D by all resident companies, research institutes, university and government laboratories, etc. It excludes R&D expenditures financed by domestic firms but performed abroad.
Research and Development > RandD > Investment in knowledge > Investment in knowledge per million: Investment in knowledge is defined and calculated as the sum of expenditure on R&D, on total higher education (public and private) and on software. Simple summation of the three components would lead to overestimation of the investment in knowledge owing to overlaps (R&D and software, R&D and education, software and education). Therefore, data reported here have been adjusted to exclude the overlaps between components.
Note that as the term is used here, "investment” has a broader connotation than its usual meaning in economic statistics. It includes current expenditures, such as on education and R&D, as well as capital outlays, such as purchases of software and construction of school buildings. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Library books per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Pupils-teacher ratio > Primary level: Pupil-teacher ratio, primary level is the average number of pupils per teacher in primary education. Cross-country comparisons may be affected by such factors as the composition of teachers by part- and full-time employment.
Secondary education > Vocational pupils: Secondary vocational pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in technical and vocational education programs, including teacher training.
Primary education > Teachers: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
Expenditure on education > Change in expenditure on education > Expenditure in tertiary education: The indicator shows direct public and private expenditure on educational institutions in relation to the number of full-time equivalent students enrolled in these institutions. Public subsidies for students’ living expenses have been excluded to ensure international comparability of the data.
Expenditure on education per student is obtained by dividing the total expenditure on educational institutions by the number of full-time equivalents students. Only those educational institutions and programmes are taken into account for which both enrolment and expenditure data are available.
Private school enrolment > Primary level: Private sector enrolment share, primary level is the share of primary school pupils who attend a privately managed school, regardless of whether or not the school receives subsidies from the government.
Outcomes > Primary education > Duration > Years: Primary duration refers to the number of years of full-time equivalent duration in primary education in the school system according to ISCED.
Literacy > Adults with at least moderate literacy: Percentage of adult females who have at least a moderate level of literacy, in selected OECD countries. Data for 1998.
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 10: Intended hours of instruction per year for 10 year olds in public educational institutions. Data for 2000.
Educational attainment > Junior secondary: Percentage of adult population (aged 25-64) educated till junior secondary level (year 2000).
Primary education > Teachers per 1000: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Secondary education > Pupils per 1000: Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Female enrolment share > Primary level: Girls' enrolment share, primary level is the number of girls enrolled in primary school, expressed as a percentage of the total number of pupils in primary school.
Research and Development > RandD > Investment in knowledge > Investment in knowledge: Investment in knowledge is defined and calculated as the sum of expenditure on R&D, on total higher education (public and private) and on software. Simple summation of the three components would lead to overestimation of the investment in knowledge owing to overlaps (R&D and software, R&D and education, software and education). Therefore, data reported here have been adjusted to exclude the overlaps between components.
Note that as the term is used here, "investment” has a broader connotation than its usual meaning in economic statistics. It includes current expenditures, such as on education and R&D, as well as capital outlays, such as purchases of software and construction of school buildings.
Student attitude > Report class disorder: Percentage of students who report high noise level and disorder in classes (2000).
Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$: Services, etc., value added (constant 2000 US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars.
Universities > Top 50 per million: Number of universities in the top 50. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Universities > Top 200 per million: Number of universities in the top 200. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Proportion of primary education time spent learning technology: Intended instruction time spent studying technology, as a percentage of total intended instruction time for students 12 to 14 years of age. Data for 1999.
Primary school starting age > Years: Primary school starting age (years). Entrance age of primary is the age at which students would enter primary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade.
Scouting > Members: Members of boy or girl scout groups which are members of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM).
Elementary (primary) school) > Proportion spent on all staff salaries: Percentage of public funding for primary education that goes to school staff salaries.
High school > Share of total education spending: Percentage of government education funding that goes to secondary education.
Enrolment ratio > Secondary level: Net enrolment ratio, secondary level, is the ratio of the number of children of official secondary school age enrolled in school to the number of children of official secondary school age in the population.
Participation > Secondary education > General pupils: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training."
Ratio of female to male primary enrollment: Ratio of female to male primary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
Secondary education > Teachers per 1000: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Secondary education > General pupils per 1000: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Elementary (primary) school > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index in primary, or elementary, school. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled.
Spending per primary school student: Primary school spending per pupil in 1998, converted into US dollars by purchasing power parity.
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 13: Intended hours of instruction per year for 14 year olds in public educational institutions. Data for 2000.
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 9: Intended hours of instruction per year for 9 year olds in public educational institutions. Data for 2000.
Female enrolment share > Secondary level: Girls' enrolment share, secondary level is the number of girls enrolled in secondary school, expressed as a percentage of the total number of pupils in secondary school.
Private school enrolment > Secondary level: Private sector enrolment share, secondary level is the share of students in general secondary education who attend a privately managed school, regardless of whether or not the school receives subsidies from the government.
Education enrolment by level > Secondary level per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Scouting > Members per thousand people: Membership (from 2012). Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Outcomes > Tertiary attainment > Tertiary attainment for age group 55-64: For each age group shown, those who have completed tertiary education are shown as a percentage of all persons in that age group. Tertiary education includes both tertiary-type "A programmes”, which are largely theoretically-based and designed to provide qualifications for entry to advanced research programmes and professions with high skill requirements, as well as tertiary-type "B programmes” which are classified at the same level of competencies as tertiary-type A programmes but are more occupationally-oriented and lead to direct labour market access. The tertiary attainment profiles are based on the percentage of the population aged 25 to 64 that has completed that level of education.
Proportion of primary education time spent learning science: Intended instruction time spent studying science, as a percentage of total intended instruction time for students 12 to 14 years of age. Data for 1999.
School life expectancy > Female: School life expectancy and transition from primary to secondary for school years 1998/99 and 1999/00, published in http://www.uis.unesco.org accessed on Sept. 2002 and Women's Indicators and Statistics Database (Wistat), Version 4, CD-ROM (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.00.XVII.4) based on data provided by UNESCO in 1999.
Universities > Top 50: Number of universities in the top 50
Universities > Top 50 > Per $ GDP: Number of universities in the top 50 Per $ GDP figures expressed per 14.1 billion $ gross domestic product.
High school teachers: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
Elementary school teachers: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
Primary teacher salary > After 15 years: Annual statutory teachers' salaries in public institutions in primary education, in equivalent US dollars converted using PPPs. Data for 1999.
Literacy > Adults at moderate literacy level: Percentage of adults whose level of document literacy is rated 'moderate'. Data for 1998.
High school enrolment rate > Male: Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year.
Universities > Top 100 per million: Number of universities in the top 100. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Proportion of 15 year-olds in secondary education: Percentage share of 15 year-olds enrolled in secondary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
Proportion of 20 year olds in tertiary education: Percentage share of 20 year-olds enrolled in tertiary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
Participation > Secondary education > Pupils: Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
Proportion of primary education time spent learning vocational skills: Intended instruction time spent studying vocational skills, as a percentage of total intended instruction time for students 12 to 14 years of age. Data for 1999.
Universities > Top 200 > Per $ GDP: Number of universities in the top 200 Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1 billion $ gross domestic product.
Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment: Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
Primary education > Pupils per 1000: Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Secondary education > Pupils > Per capita: Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Research and Development > RandD > Expenditure on RandD > Gross domestic expenditure on RandD per million: Research and development (R&D) comprise creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications. R&D is a term covering three activities: basic research, applied research, and experimental development. Basic research is experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge of the underlying foundation of phenomena and observable facts, without any particular application or use in view. Applied research is also original investigation undertaken in order to acquire new knowledge. It is, however, directed primarily towards a specific practical aim or objective. Experimental development is systematic work, drawing on existing knowledge gained from research and/or practical experience, which is directed to producing new materials, products or devices, to installing new processes, systems and services, or to improving substantially those already produced or installed.
The main aggregate used for international comparisons is gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD). This consists of the total expenditure (current and capital) on R&D by all resident companies, research institutes, university and government laboratories, etc. It excludes R&D expenditures financed by domestic firms but performed abroad. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Share of university qualifications awarded to females: Percentage share of tertiary level A qualifications as first degree awarded to females. Data for 2000.
Young longtext readers: Share of 15-year-olds who are frequent longtext readers(2000)
Young shorttext readers: Share of 15-year-olds who are frequent shorttext (particularly comics) readers (2000)
Proportion of primary education time spent learning foreign languages: Intended instruction time spent studying modern foreign languages, as a percentage of total intended instruction time for students 12 to 14 years of age. Data for 1999.
Primary teacher salary > Starting per 1000: Annual statutory teachers' salaries in public institutions in primary education, in equivalent US dollars converted using PPPs. Data for 1999. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Spending per secondary school student > Per $ GDP: Secondary school spending per pupil in 1998, converted into US dollars by purchasing power parity. Per $ GDP figures expressed per $1,000 of Gross Domestic Product.
Universities > Top 100 > Per $ GDP: Number of universities in the top 100 Per $ GDP figures expressed per 14.1 billion $ gross domestic product.
Share of university qualifications awarded to females > First degree: Percentage share of tertiary level A qualifications as first degree awarded to females. Data for 2000.
Proportion of 16 year-olds in secondary education: Percentage share of 16 year-olds enrolled in secondary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
Expected duration of education for males: Expected years of schooling for a male 5-year-old under current conditions, excluding education for children under 5. Data for 2000.
Proportion of 19 year olds in tertiary education: Percentage share of 19 year-olds enrolled in tertiary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
Participation > Secondary education > Pupils > % female: Female pupils as a percentage of total pupils at secondary level includes enrollments in public and private schools.
Primary teacher salary per hour > After 15 years: Annual statutory teachers' salaries in public institutions in primary level education, per hour after 15 years experience and typical training. Expressed in equivalent US dollars converted using Purchasing Power Parities (PPP's). Data for 1999.
School enrollment > Primary > Female > % net: Net enrollment ratio is the ratio of children of official school age based on the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
School enrollment > Primary > Male > % net: Net enrollment ratio is the ratio of children of official school age based on the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
Literacy and Attainment > Educational attainment: completed tertiary > Tertiary > Population 25+ years > % > Over 24 year olds: Percentage of population older than 24 years that has completed tertiary education.
Unemployment with secondary education, male > % of male unemployment: Unemployment with secondary education, male (% of male unemployment). Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
Unemployment with primary education, male > % of male unemployment: Unemployment with primary education, male (% of male unemployment). Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
Labor force with tertiary education, male > % of male labor force: Labor force with tertiary education, male (% of male labor force). Labor force with tertiary education is the proportion of labor force that has a tertiary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
Unemployment with tertiary education, female > % of female unemployment: Unemployment with tertiary education, female (% of female unemployment). Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
Unemployment with tertiary education, male > % of male unemployment: Unemployment with tertiary education, male (% of male unemployment). Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
Spending per primary school student > Per $ GDP: Primary school spending per pupil in 1998, converted into US dollars by purchasing power parity. Per $ GDP figures expressed per $1,000 of Gross Domestic Product.
Teaching weeks per year > Lower secondary: Average number of weeks taught per year by lower secondary level teachers. Data for 2000.
School enrollment > Primary > Female > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
Primary education > Teachers > % female: Female teachers as a percentage of total primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
Proportion of primary education time spent learning arts: Intended instruction time spent studying arts, as a percentage of total intended instruction time for students 12 to 14 years of age. Data for 1999.
Secondary education > Pupils > % female: Female pupils as a percentage of total pupils at secondary level includes enrollments in public and private schools.
Proportion of 17 year olds in secondary education: Percentage share of 17 year-olds enrolled in secondary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
Government spending on education > % of GDP: Public expenditure on education consists of current and capital public expenditure on education includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities)."
Participation > School enrollment > Primary > Female > % net: Net enrollment ratio is the ratio of children of official school age based on the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music."
Government spending on education > % of government spending: Public expenditure on education consists of current and capital public expenditure on education includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities)."
Participation > School enrollment > Primary > Female > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music."
School enrollment, primary, private > % of total primary: School enrollment, primary, private (% of total primary). Percentage of private enrolment. Primary is the enrolment in private primary schools expressed as a percentage of total enrolment (public and private) in primary schools. 'Private' refers to all educational institutions not operated by a public authority, regardless of whether they receive financial support from public authorities. A high percentage indicates strong involvement of the non-governmental sector (including religious bodies, other organizations, associations, communities, private enterprises or persons) in providing organized educational programmes.
Primary education, pupils > % female: Primary education, pupils (% female). Percentage of female students. Primary is the number of female students at the primary level expressed as a percentage of the total number of students (male and female) at the primary level in a given school year.
School enrollment, primary, female > % gross: School enrollment, primary, female (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Primary. Female is the total female enrollment in primary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the female population of official primary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
Secondary education, general pupils > % female: Secondary education, general pupils (% female). Percentage of female students. Total secondary. General programmes is the number of female students enrolled in general programmes at the secondary education level expressed as a percentage of the total number of students (male and female) enrolled in general programmes at the secondary education level in a given school year.
Total enrollment, primary, male > % net: Total enrollment, primary, male (% net). Adjusted net enrollment is the number of pupils of the school-age group for primary education, enrolled either in primary or secondary education, expressed as a percentage of the total population in that age group.
Labor force with primary education, female > % of female labor force: Labor force with primary education, female (% of female labor force). Labor force with primary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a primary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
Labor force with tertiary education > % of total: Labor force with tertiary education (% of total). Labor force with tertiary education is the proportion of labor force that has a tertiary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
Adjusted savings: education expenditure > % of GNI: Adjusted savings: education expenditure (% of GNI). Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment.
School enrollment > Secondary > Female > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.
School enrollment, primary, male > % net: School enrollment, primary, male (% net). Net enrolment rate. Primary. Male is the ratio of male children of the official primary school age who are enrolled in primary school to the male population of the official primary school age.
School enrollment > Primary > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
Participation > Total enrollment > Primary > Female > % net: Total enrollment is the number of pupils of the school-age group for primary education, enrolled either in primary or secondary education, expressed as a percentage of the total population in that age group."
Expected duration of education for females: Expected years of schooling for a female 5-year-old under current conditions, excluding education for children under 5. Data for 2000.
Proportion of 18 year olds in tertiary education: Percentage share of 18 year-olds enrolled in tertiary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
Proportion of primary education time spent learning religion: Intended instruction time spent studying religion, as a percentage of total intended instruction time for students 12 to 14 years of age. Data for 1999.
School enrollment, secondary, female > % gross: School enrollment, secondary, female (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Secondary. All programmes. Female is the total female enrollment in secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the female population of official secondary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
Secondary education, teachers, female: Secondary education, teachers, female. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Female is the total number of female teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Secondary education, teachers > % female: Secondary education, teachers (% female). Percentage female teachers. Secondary is the number of female teachers at the secondary level expressed as a percentage of the total number of teachers (male and female) at the secondary level in a given school year. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.

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STAT	Australia	Germany
Average years of schooling of adults	10.9 Ranked 6th. 7% more than Germany	10.2 Ranked 8th.
Children out of school, primary	68,417 Ranked 39th. 9 times more than Germany	7,230 Ranked 76th.
Children out of school, primary per 1000	3.06 Ranked 68th. 35 times more than Germany	0.0884 Ranked 114th.
Children out of school, primary, female	29,573 Ranked 39th. 83% more than Germany	16,194 Ranked 55th.
College and university > Gender parity index	1.35 Ranked 39th. 53% more than Germany	0.885 Ranked 47th.
College and university > Share of total education spending	22.28% Ranked 42nd.	27.16% Ranked 21st. 22% more than Australia
Compulsary education duration	11 Ranked 41st.	13 Ranked 4th. 18% more than Australia
Government spending on education > Proportion of GDP	5.59% Ranked 41st. 10% more than Germany	5.08% Ranked 54th.
High school enrolment rate	99.86 Ranked 6th. 1% more than Germany	98.86 Ranked 25th.
Homeschooling legal status	Legal as alternative to the mandatory public school system.	Illegal, public or approved private education is mandatory with the only exception being where continued school attendance would create undue hardship for an individual child.
Literacy > Total population	99% Ranked 25th. The same as Germany	99% Ranked 15th.
Primary education, duration > Years	7 Ranked 20th. 75% more than Germany	4 Ranked 181st.
Primary education, teachers per 1000	5.57 Ranked 46th. 80% more than Germany	3.09 Ranked 109th.
Pupil-teacher ratio, primary	17.88 Ranked 118th. 51% more than Germany	11.82 Ranked 113th.
Secondary education, duration > Years	6 Ranked 144th.	9 Ranked 1st. 50% more than Australia
Average IQ	98 Ranked 14th.	102 Ranked 4th. 4% more than Australia
Literacy > Female	99% Ranked 24th. The same as Germany	99% Ranked 12th.
Children out of school, primary, female per 1000	1.32 Ranked 67th. 7 times more than Germany	0.196 Ranked 104th.
College and university > Gender ratio	129.51 Ranked 38th. 46% more than Germany	88.74 Ranked 44th.
Child care (preschool) > Duration	1 Ranked 201st.	3 Ranked 28th. 3 times more than Australia
Secondary education > Teachers > Per capita	6.42 per 1,000 people Ranked 33th.	7.24 per 1,000 people Ranked 40th. 13% more than Australia
Duration of compulsory education	11 years Ranked 29th.	13 years Ranked 1st. 18% more than Australia
Secondary education, pupils	2.33 million Ranked 32nd.	7.53 million Ranked 10th. 3 times more than Australia
Girls to boys ratio > Primary level enrolment	0.99 Ranked 53th.	1 Ranked 20th. 1% more than Australia
School life expectancy > Total	16.6 years Ranked 3rd. 8% more than Germany	15.3 years Ranked 12th.
Primary education, pupils	2.04 million Ranked 48th.	2.99 million Ranked 36th. 46% more than Australia
Primary education, teachers	105,469 Ranked 36th.	252,845 Ranked 15th. 2 times more than Australia
Tertiary enrollment	63.3% Ranked 6th. 37% more than Germany	46.3% Ranked 4th.
High school > Gender ratio	95.35 Ranked 82nd.	97.54 Ranked 74th. 2% more than Australia
Compulsary education starting age	5 Ranked 172nd.	6 Ranked 38th. 20% more than Australia
Literacy > Definition	age 15 and over can read and write	age 15 and over can read and write
High school > Upper secondary school duration	2 Ranked 188th.	3 Ranked 53th. 50% more than Australia
Literacy > Male	99% Ranked 34th. The same as Germany	99% Ranked 23th.
Spending > USD	49.45 billion Ranked 13th.	157.95 billion Ranked 3rd. 3 times more than Australia
High school > Private school share	35.24% Ranked 16th. 4 times more than Germany	8.76% Ranked 81st.
Spending > Proportion	5.11 Ranked 46th. 19% more than Germany	4.28 Ranked 79th.
Pupil-teacher ratio > Primary	17.88 Ranked 114th. 26% more than Germany	14.19 Ranked 121st.
Child care (preschool) > Starting age	4 Ranked 50th. 33% more than Germany	3 Ranked 73th.
High school repeaters > Male	0.0 Ranked 104th.	3.19 Ranked 56th.
Preschool enrollment rate	105.52 Ranked 60th. 1% more than Germany	104.77 Ranked 65th.
Tertiary > Students studying abroad	10,829.8 Ranked 75th.	113,236.01 Ranked 4th. 10 times more than Australia
Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level	1.01 million Ranked 23th.	2.33 million Ranked 10th. 2 times more than Australia
Teachers as percentage of labor force	3.7% Ranked 23th.	3.9% Ranked 19th. 5% more than Australia
Literacy > Reading performance > Overall	515 Ranked 7th. 4% more than Germany	497 Ranked 17th.
Elementary (primary school) > Duration	7 Ranked 24th. 75% more than Germany	4 Ranked 191st.
Secondary education, teachers	104,110 Ranked 23th.	584,535 Ranked 8th. 6 times more than Australia
Secondary education, teachers per 1000	5.95 Ranked 28th.	7.15 Ranked 36th. 20% more than Australia
Mathematical literacy	533 Ranked 6th. 9% more than Germany	490 Ranked 19th.
High school > Lower secondary school duration	4 Ranked 60th.	6 Ranked 1st. 50% more than Australia
Children out of school, primary, male per 1000	1.74 Ranked 61st. 6 times more than Germany	0.298 Ranked 102nd.
Scientific literacy	528 Ranked 7th. 8% more than Germany	487 Ranked 20th.
Spending per student > High school	15.11 Ranked 47th.	20.66 Ranked 38th. 37% more than Australia
Secondary education, general pupils	1.54 million Ranked 35th.	6.07 million Ranked 12th. 4 times more than Australia
Reading literacy	528 Ranked 4th. 9% more than Germany	484 Ranked 21st.
High school > Gender parity index	0.951 Ranked 109th. About the same as Germany	0.947 Ranked 110th.
Literacy > Reading performance > Overall reading skills	515 Ranked 7th. 4% more than Germany	497 Ranked 17th.
Scientific and technical journal articles	15,809 Ranked 10th.	44,305 Ranked 4th. 3 times more than Australia
Literacy > Reading performance > Access and retrieve	513 Ranked 9th. 2% more than Germany	501 Ranked 17th.
Tertiary > Students studying abroad proportion	0.818% Ranked 118th.	4.1% Ranked 72nd. 5 times more than Australia
Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level per 1000	51.51 Ranked 9th. 82% more than Germany	28.3 Ranked 55th.
Scouting > Genders admitted	both	both
Elementary (primary school) > Starting age	5 Ranked 205th.	6 Ranked 50th. 20% more than Australia
Education expenditure of government > As percentage of total government	13.3% Ranked 56th. 36% more than Germany	9.8% Ranked 68th.
International Baccalaureate schools	151 Ranked 4th. 3 times more than Germany	59 Ranked 10th.
Children out of school, primary, male	38,844 Ranked 37th. 58% more than Germany	24,606 Ranked 48th.
Education expenditure of government > As percentage of GNI	4.9% Ranked 52nd. 7% more than Germany	4.6% Ranked 58th.
Secondary education > General pupils	1.45 million Ranked 40th.	6.59 million Ranked 12th. 5 times more than Australia
Spending per student > Elementary school	17.08 Ranked 34th. 6% more than Germany	16.08 Ranked 40th.
Secondary school starting age > Years	12 Ranked 110th. 20% more than Germany	10 Ranked 186th.
High school starting age > Years	12 Ranked 102nd. 20% more than Germany	10 Ranked 162nd.
Primary education > Teachers > Per capita	5.57 per 1,000 people Ranked 40th. 97% more than Germany	2.82 per 1,000 people Ranked 125th.
Educational attainment > Tertiary	29% Ranked 7th. 26% more than Germany	23% Ranked 15th.
Education enrolment by level > Primary level	1.93 million Ranked 57th.	3.3 million Ranked 35th. 71% more than Australia
High school > Population with at least high school education > Women	92.2% Ranked 21st.	96.2% Ranked 11th. 4% more than Australia
Schools connected to the Internet	97% Ranked 9th.	99% Ranked 8th. 2% more than Australia
Public spending per student > Primary level	15.9 Ranked 9th.	17.8 Ranked 22nd. 12% more than Australia
Secondary education, pupils per 1000	104.3 Ranked 25th. 13% more than Germany	92.04 Ranked 43th.
Primary education, pupils per 1000	91.48 Ranked 85th. 3 times more than Germany	36.55 Ranked 152nd.
Girls to boys ratio > Tertiary level enrolment	1.25 Ranked 37th. 21% more than Germany	1.03 Ranked 60th.
Girls to boys ratio > Secondary level enrolment	0.95 Ranked 97th.	0.98 Ranked 80th. 3% more than Australia
Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level > Per capita	51.54 per 1,000 people Ranked 9th. 82% more than Germany	28.3 per 1,000 people Ranked 54th.
Universities > Top 100	12 Ranked 3rd. 6 times more than Germany	2 Ranked 14th.
Student attitude > Dislike of school	34% Ranked 6th. 36% more than Germany	25% Ranked 14th.
Tertiary > Students studying abroad per thousand people	0.485 Ranked 144th.	1.38 Ranked 98th. 3 times more than Australia
Outcomes > Secondary education > Duration > Years	6 Ranked 128th.	9 Ranked 1st. 50% more than Australia
Teacher student ratio > High school	12.58 Ranked 83th.	13.24 Ranked 55th. 5% more than Australia
Inequality adjusted index	0.965 Ranked 2nd. 4% more than Germany	0.927 Ranked 5th.
High school repeaters > Female	0.0 Ranked 104th.	2.26 Ranked 57th.
Teacher student ratio > Elementary school	17.88 Ranked 104th. 32% more than Germany	13.5 Ranked 103th.
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 11	987 hours Ranked 8th. 15% more than Germany	862 hours Ranked 19th.
Percentage of pupils starting grade 1 reaching grade 5	98.8% Ranked 12th.	99.2% Ranked 12th. About the same as Australia
Elementary school > Enrolled students	1.98 million Ranked 47th.	3.24 million Ranked 34th. 64% more than Australia
Primary education > Duration > Years	7 years Ranked 20th. 75% more than Germany	4 years Ranked 170th.
Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$ per capita	$24,308.11 Ranked 3rd. 2% more than Germany	$23,804.70 Ranked 11th.
School enrolment rate > 1st grade	102.78 Ranked 70th. 4% more than Germany	99.13 Ranked 79th.
Secondary education, general pupils per 1000	69.08 Ranked 73th.	74.21 Ranked 58th. 7% more than Australia
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 12	1,014 hours Ranked 11th. 16% more than Germany	874 hours Ranked 26th.
Literacy > Reading performance > Integrate and interpret	513 Ranked 7th. 2% more than Germany	501 Ranked 14th.
Elementary (primary) school) > Private school share	31.08% Ranked 27th. 7 times more than Germany	4.34% Ranked 98th.
High school > Lower secondary starting age	12 Ranked 113th. 20% more than Germany	10 Ranked 193th.
Elementary school > Gender ratio	99.85 Ranked 33th. About the same as Germany	99.62 Ranked 37th.
High school enrolment rate > Female	99.8 Ranked 15th. 1% more than Germany	98.61 Ranked 27th.
Education enrolment ratio > Net > Primary level	97% Ranked 47th. 1% more than Germany	96% Ranked 50th.
Duration of education > Secondary level	6 Ranked 122nd.	9 Ranked 1st. 50% more than Australia
Public spending per student > Tertiary level	24.9 Ranked 17th.	42.5 Ranked 38th. 71% more than Australia
Primary education > Pupils	1.93 million Ranked 52nd.	3.31 million Ranked 36th. 71% more than Australia
Secondary education > Pupils	2.49 million Ranked 29th.	8.38 million Ranked 9th. 3 times more than Australia
High school > Population with at least high school education > Men	92.2% Ranked 25th.	96.9% Ranked 12th. 5% more than Australia
Education enrolment by level > Secondary level > Per capita	127.98 per 1,000 people Ranked 14th. 25% more than Germany	102.37 per 1,000 people Ranked 42nd.
Education enrolment by level > Percentage girls > Tertiary level	54% Ranked 54th. 10% more than Germany	49% Ranked 81st.
Secondary education, vocational pupils	786,296 Ranked 13th.	1.46 million Ranked 8th. 85% more than Australia
Elementary (primary) school > Students per teacher	17.88 Ranked 123th. 51% more than Germany	11.82 Ranked 115th.
Spending on education > Proportion spent on all staff salaries	73.47% Ranked 41st.	78.06% Ranked 35th. 6% more than Australia
Secondary education > Teachers	111,000 Ranked 28th.	597,681.1 Ranked 7th. 5 times more than Australia
School life expectancy > Primary to tertiary	20 years Ranked 1st. 25% more than Germany	16 years Ranked 11th.
Spending per secondary school student	$5,830.00 per student Ranked 10th.	$6,209.00 per student Ranked 8th. 7% more than Australia
Education enrolment by level > Secondary level	2.51 million Ranked 32nd.	8.45 million Ranked 12th. 3 times more than Australia
Scientific and technical journal articles per million	794.61 Ranked 8th. 48% more than Germany	536.81 Ranked 17th.
Literacy > Reading performance > Continuous texts	513 Ranked 7th. 3% more than Germany	496 Ranked 19th.
Literacy > Reading performance > Non-continuous texts	524 Ranked 5th. 5% more than Germany	497 Ranked 20th.
Duration of education > Primary level	7 Ranked 19th. 75% more than Germany	4 Ranked 150th.
Literacy > Adults at low literacy level	44.8% Ranked 9th. 7% more than Germany	41.7% Ranked 12th.
Expected duration of education for all students	20.7 years Ranked 1st. 20% more than Germany	17.2 years Ranked 11th.
Participation > Children out of school > Elementary	54,848 Ranked 44th. 13 times more than Germany	4,196 Ranked 97th.
Participation > Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education	97.3% Ranked 83th.	98.14% Ranked 77th. 1% more than Australia
Public spending per student > Secondary level	13.9 Ranked 25th.	20.5 Ranked 32nd. 47% more than Australia
Education enrolment by level > Percentage girls > Primary level	48.61% Ranked 69th. The same as Germany	48.6% Ranked 70th.
Progression to secondary school	99.86% Ranked 8th. 1% more than Germany	98.71% Ranked 25th.
Literacy > Reading performance > Reflect and evaluate	523 Ranked 6th. 7% more than Germany	491 Ranked 25th.
Educational attainment > Senior secondary	30% Ranked 17th.	59% Ranked 3rd. 97% more than Australia
Education enrolment ratio > Net > Primary level > Women	97% Ranked 43th. 1% more than Germany	96% Ranked 47th.
High school > Upper secondary starting age	16 Ranked 48th. The same as Germany	16 Ranked 17th.
Elementary school starting age > Years	5 Ranked 174th.	6 Ranked 49th. 20% more than Australia
Library books	2.44 million Ranked 6th.	34.69 million Ranked 1st. 14 times more than Australia
Teaching weeks per year > Primary	40 weeks per year Ranked 14th. 3% more than Germany	39 weeks per year Ranked 17th.
Student attitude > Find school boring	60% Ranked 3rd. 22% more than Germany	49% Ranked 12th.
School life expectancy > Male	16.4 years Ranked 1st. 6% more than Germany	15.5 years Ranked 9th.
Universities > Top 200	17 Ranked 3rd. 89% more than Germany	9 Ranked 7th.
Literacy > Adults at high literacy level	17.4% Ranked 12th.	18.9% Ranked 10th. 9% more than Australia
Secondary education > General pupils > Per capita	72.08 per 1,000 people Ranked 75th.	79.87 per 1,000 people Ranked 58th. 11% more than Australia
Education enrolment by level > Primary level > Per capita	0.098 per capita Ranked 104th. 2 times more than Germany	0.04 per capita Ranked 162nd.
Education enrolment by level > Primary level per 1000	98.4 Ranked 106th. 2 times more than Germany	40.05 Ranked 166th.
Primary teacher salary > Starting	$25,661.00 Ranked 6th.	$29,697.00 Ranked 2nd. 16% more than Australia
Education enrolment ratio > Net > Primary level > Men	97% Ranked 42nd. 1% more than Germany	96% Ranked 44th.
Research and Development > RandD > Expenditure on RandD > Gross domestic expenditure on RandD	2.01% Ranked 12th.	2.53% Ranked 10th. 26% more than Australia
Research and Development > RandD > Investment in knowledge > Investment in knowledge per million	0.179% Ranked 8th. 4 times more than Germany	0.0466% Ranked 15th.
Library books per 1000	135.07 Ranked 10th.	422.78 Ranked 2nd. 3 times more than Australia
Pupils-teacher ratio > Primary level	9.1 Ranked 10th.	14.8 Ranked 117th. 63% more than Australia
Secondary education > Vocational pupils	1.04 million Ranked 11th.	1.79 million Ranked 5th. 72% more than Australia
Primary education > Teachers	105,469 Ranked 33th.	232,936.5 Ranked 17th. 2 times more than Australia
Education enrolment by level > Percentage girls > Secondary level	48.01% Ranked 110th.	48.25% Ranked 106th. About the same as Australia
Expenditure on education > Change in expenditure on education > Expenditure in tertiary education	122.22 Index of change, year 200 Ranked 13th. 15% more than Germany	106 Index of change, year 200 Ranked 26th.
Private school enrolment > Primary level	27.2 Ranked 16th. 11 times more than Germany	2.4 Ranked 64th.
Outcomes > Primary education > Duration > Years	7 Ranked 19th. 75% more than Germany	4 Ranked 157th.
Literacy > Adults with at least moderate literacy	55.2% Ranked 9th.	58.3% Ranked 6th. 6% more than Australia
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 10	987 hours Ranked 8th. 28% more than Germany	774 hours Ranked 25th.
Educational attainment > Junior secondary	41% Ranked 5th. 2 times more than Germany	17% Ranked 15th.
Primary education > Teachers per 1000	5.57 Ranked 41st. 97% more than Germany	2.82 Ranked 126th.
Secondary education > Pupils per 1000	123.82 Ranked 15th. 22% more than Germany	101.58 Ranked 33th.
Female enrolment share > Primary level	48.6% Ranked 61st. About the same as Germany	48.5% Ranked 66th.
Research and Development > RandD > Investment in knowledge > Investment in knowledge	3.91% Ranked 8th. 2% more than Germany	3.82% Ranked 9th.
Student attitude > Report class disorder	32% Ranked 9th. 45% more than Germany	22% Ranked 14th.
Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$	$551.40 billion Ranked 6th.	$1.95 trillion Ranked 3rd. 4 times more than Australia
Universities > Top 50 per million	0.294 Ranked 2nd. 24 times more than Germany	0.0121 Ranked 10th.
Universities > Top 200 per million	0.834 Ranked 2nd. 8 times more than Germany	0.109 Ranked 19th.
Proportion of primary education time spent learning technology	9	4
Primary school starting age > Years	5 Ranked 195th.	6 Ranked 50th. 20% more than Australia
Scouting > Members	65,881 Ranked 24th.	112,503 Ranked 14th. 71% more than Australia
Elementary (primary) school) > Proportion spent on all staff salaries	76.85% Ranked 61st.	82.97% Ranked 41st. 8% more than Australia
High school > Share of total education spending	36.79% Ranked 43th.	45.55% Ranked 13th. 24% more than Australia
Enrolment ratio > Secondary level	89.7% Ranked 12th. 2% more than Germany	87.7% Ranked 4th.
Participation > Secondary education > General pupils	1.51 million Ranked 35th.	6.17 million Ranked 11th. 4 times more than Australia
Ratio of female to male primary enrollment	99.56 Ranked 41st.	99.78 Ranked 32nd. About the same as Australia
Secondary education > Teachers per 1000	6.42 Ranked 34th.	7.24 Ranked 39th. 13% more than Australia
Secondary education > General pupils per 1000	71.95 Ranked 76th.	79.87 Ranked 57th. 11% more than Australia
Elementary (primary) school > Gender parity index	0.994 Ranked 62nd.	0.995 Ranked 57th. About the same as Australia
Spending per primary school student	$3,981.00 per student Ranked 10th. 13% more than Germany	$3,531.00 per student Ranked 13th.
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 13	1,023 hours Ranked 13th. 11% more than Germany	918 hours Ranked 23th.
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 9	986 hours Ranked 9th. 31% more than Germany	752 hours Ranked 27th.
Female enrolment share > Secondary level	48.9% Ranked 76th. 1% more than Germany	48.4% Ranked 82nd.
Private school enrolment > Secondary level	33.6 Ranked 4th. 5 times more than Germany	7.2 Ranked 56th.
Education enrolment by level > Secondary level per 1000	127.91 Ranked 15th. 25% more than Germany	102.4 Ranked 44th.
Scouting > Members per thousand people	2.9 Ranked 48th. 2 times more than Germany	1.37 Ranked 75th.
Outcomes > Tertiary attainment > Tertiary attainment for age group 55-64	26.26% Ranked 6th. 16% more than Germany	22.66% Ranked 13th.
Proportion of primary education time spent learning science	11% Ranked 21st. 10% more than Germany	10% Ranked 24th.
School life expectancy > Female	16.8 years Ranked 5th. 11% more than Germany	15.2 years Ranked 17th.
Universities > Top 50	6 Ranked 3rd. 6 times more than Germany	1 Ranked 12th.
Universities > Top 50 > Per $ GDP	0.134 per $14.1 billion of GDP Ranked 3rd. 27 times more than Germany	0.005 per $14.1 billion of GDP Ranked 12th.
Percentage of pupils starting grade 1 reaching grade 5 > Men	98.1% Ranked 11th.	98.7% Ranked 14th. 1% more than Australia
High school teachers	183,020 Ranked 10th.	597,269 Ranked 8th. 3 times more than Australia
Elementary school teachers	105,469 Ranked 31st.	239,761 Ranked 15th. 2 times more than Australia
Primary teacher salary > After 15 years	$36,971.00 Ranked 2nd. 3% more than Germany	$36,046.00 Ranked 3rd.
Literacy > Adults at moderate literacy level	37.7% Ranked 8th.	39.5% Ranked 4th. 5% more than Australia
High school enrolment rate > Male	99.92 Ranked 10th. 1% more than Germany	99.1 Ranked 23th.
Universities > Top 100 per million	0.588 Ranked 1st. 24 times more than Germany	0.0243 Ranked 16th.
Proportion of 15 year-olds in secondary education	99% Ranked 9th. 1% more than Germany	98% Ranked 11th.
Proportion of 20 year olds in tertiary education	33% Ranked 11th. 2 times more than Germany	15% Ranked 22nd.
Participation > Secondary education > Pupils	2.49 million Ranked 27th.	8.27 million Ranked 8th. 3 times more than Australia
Proportion of primary education time spent learning vocational skills	n	1
Universities > Top 200 > Per $ GDP	0.027 per $1 billion of GDP Ranked 2nd. 9 times more than Germany	0.003 per $1 billion of GDP Ranked 24th.
Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment	95.96 Ranked 106th.	98.32 Ranked 92nd. 2% more than Australia
Primary education > Pupils per 1000	96.12 Ranked 99th. 2 times more than Germany	40.06 Ranked 163th.
Secondary education > Pupils > Per capita	124.04 per 1,000 people Ranked 14th. 22% more than Germany	101.58 per 1,000 people Ranked 34th.
Research and Development > RandD > Expenditure on RandD > Gross domestic expenditure on RandD per million	0.0923% Ranked 16th. 3 times more than Germany	0.0309% Ranked 22nd.
Share of university qualifications awarded to females	57% Ranked 13th. 24% more than Germany	46% Ranked 27th.
Young longtext readers	36% Ranked 2nd. 37% more than Germany	26.3% Ranked 8th.
Young shorttext readers	10.6% Ranked 25th.	11.7% Ranked 22nd. 10% more than Australia
Proportion of primary education time spent learning foreign languages	6	16
Primary teacher salary > Starting per 1000	$1.36 Ranked 13th. 4 times more than Germany	$0.36 Ranked 17th.
Spending per secondary school student > Per $ GDP	$0.00 per student per $1,000 Ranked 13th. 4 times more than Germany	$0.00 per student per $1,000 Ranked 18th.
Universities > Top 100 > Per $ GDP	0.268 per $14.1 billion of GDP Ranked 1st. 27 times more than Germany	0.01 per $14.1 billion of GDP Ranked 21st.
Share of university qualifications awarded to females > First degree	57% Ranked 13th. 24% more than Germany	46% Ranked 27th.
Proportion of 16 year-olds in secondary education	94% Ranked 11th.	97% Ranked 4th. 3% more than Australia
Expected duration of education for males	20.1 years Ranked 1st. 16% more than Germany	17.3 years Ranked 9th.
Proportion of 19 year olds in tertiary education	34% Ranked 8th. 4 times more than Germany	8% Ranked 23th.
Participation > Secondary education > Pupils > % female	47.46% Ranked 97th.	48.11% Ranked 86th. 1% more than Australia
Primary teacher salary per hour > After 15 years	$44.00 per hour Ranked 4th.	$46.00 per hour Ranked 3rd. 5% more than Australia
School enrollment > Primary > Female > % net	95.99% net Ranked 35th. 12% more than Germany	85.62% net Ranked 75th.
School enrollment > Primary > Male > % net	95.53% net Ranked 40th. 15% more than Germany	83.02% net Ranked 80th.
Literacy and Attainment > Educational attainment: completed tertiary > Tertiary > Population 25+ years > % > Over 24 year olds	41.28% Ranked 2nd. 61% more than Germany	25.6% Ranked 17th.
Unemployment with secondary education, male > % of male unemployment	34.5% Ranked 65th.	55.6% Ranked 28th. 61% more than Australia
Unemployment with primary education, male > % of male unemployment	48.5% Ranked 21st. 44% more than Germany	33.6% Ranked 45th.
Labor force with tertiary education, male > % of male labor force	29.9% Ranked 15th. 2% more than Germany	29.3% Ranked 12th.
Unemployment with tertiary education, female > % of female unemployment	21.1% Ranked 45th. 88% more than Germany	11.2% Ranked 69th.
Unemployment with tertiary education, male > % of male unemployment	17% Ranked 34th. 60% more than Germany	10.6% Ranked 60th.
Spending per primary school student > Per $ GDP	$0.00 per student per $1,000 Ranked 13th. 4 times more than Germany	$0.00 per student per $1,000 Ranked 19th.
Teaching weeks per year > Lower secondary	40 weeks per year Ranked 13th. 3% more than Germany	39 weeks per year Ranked 16th.
School enrollment > Primary > Female > % gross	102.6% gross Ranked 78th. 3% more than Germany	100.07% gross Ranked 97th.
Primary education > Teachers > % female	71.5% female Ranked 43th.	82.92% female Ranked 38th. 16% more than Australia
Proportion of primary education time spent learning arts	8	10
Secondary education > Pupils > % female	47.76% female Ranked 94th.	48.24% female Ranked 84th. 1% more than Australia
Proportion of 17 year olds in secondary education	79% Ranked 18th.	92% Ranked 6th. 16% more than Australia
Government spending on education > % of GDP	5.59% Ranked 41st. 10% more than Germany	5.08% Ranked 54th.
Participation > School enrollment > Primary > Female > % net	97.44% Ranked 25th.	98.15% Ranked 14th. 1% more than Australia
Government spending on education > % of government spending	14.01% Ranked 46th. 44% more than Germany	9.73% Ranked 77th.
Participation > School enrollment > Primary > Female > % gross	105.44% Ranked 55th. 1% more than Germany	104.57% Ranked 58th.
School enrollment, primary, private > % of total primary	31.08% Ranked 27th. 7 times more than Germany	4.34% Ranked 96th.
Primary education, pupils > % female	48.6% Ranked 68th.	48.6% Ranked 67th. The same as Australia
School enrollment, primary, female > % gross	104.24% Ranked 64th. 4% more than Germany	100.48% Ranked 84th.
Secondary education, general pupils > % female	49.71% Ranked 70th. The same as Germany	49.66% Ranked 74th.
Total enrollment, primary, male > % net	96.13% Ranked 49th.	98.53% Ranked 19th. 2% more than Australia
Labor force with primary education, female > % of female labor force	28% Ranked 26th. 96% more than Germany	14.3% Ranked 31st.
Labor force with tertiary education > % of total	33.8% Ranked 13th. 20% more than Germany	28.1% Ranked 24th.
Adjusted savings: education expenditure > % of GNI	4.78% Ranked 60th. 9% more than Germany	4.39% Ranked 76th.
School life expectancy > Primary to tertiary > Male	20 years Ranked 1st. 25% more than Germany	16 years Ranked 9th.
School enrollment > Secondary > Female > % gross	145.42% gross Ranked 1st. 46% more than Germany	99.43% gross Ranked 30th.
School enrollment, primary, male > % net	96.03% Ranked 35th.	97.55% Ranked 20th. 2% more than Australia
School enrollment > Primary > % gross	102.83% gross Ranked 81st. 3% more than Germany	100.18% gross Ranked 103th.
Participation > Total enrollment > Primary > Female > % net	97.6% Ranked 27th.	99.28% Ranked 9th. 2% more than Australia
Expected duration of education for females	20.1 years Ranked 2nd. 18% more than Germany	17 years Ranked 13th.
Proportion of 18 year olds in tertiary education	29% Ranked 5th. 10 times more than Germany	3% Ranked 19th.
Proportion of primary education time spent learning religion	n	5
School enrollment, secondary, female > % gross	129.25% Ranked 2nd. 30% more than Germany	99.13% Ranked 38th.
Secondary education, teachers, female	52,710 Ranked 17th.	349,459 Ranked 6th. 7 times more than Australia
Secondary education, teachers > % female	50.63% Ranked 25th.	59.78% Ranked 38th. 18% more than Australia

SOURCES: UNESCO; UNESCO Institute for Statistics; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeschooling_international_status_and_statistics; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Lynn, R. and Vanhanen, T. (2002). IQ and the Wealth of Nations. Westport, CT: Praeger. ISBN 0-275-97510-X; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; World Development Indicators database; Source: UNESCO UIS Data | UNESCO Institute for Statistics; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; World Bank staff estimates using data from the United Nations Statistics Division's Statistical Yearbook, and the UNESCO Institute for Statistics online database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute of Statistics; Wikipedia: List of countries by student performance (Reading); UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; OECD; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; Source: UNESCO UIS Data | UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Wikipedia: List of World Organization of the Scout Movement members (Table of World Organization of the Scout Movement members); UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; http://www.ibo.org/facts/schoolstats/progsbycountry.cfm; OECD Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators 2003; United Nations Development Programme. Source tables; The Times, 2005; OECD; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Development Programme. Source tables; World Bank national accounts data. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008; Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2001); World Development Indicators database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; OECD; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; OECD Country statistical profiles 2009; OECD Country statistical profiles 2009. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Bank national accounts data; The Times, 2005. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; "WOSM MEMBERSHIP as at 31st December 2012". World Organization of the Scout Movement. August 2013.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Wikipedia: List of World Organization of the Scout Movement members (Table of World Organization of the Scout Movement members) ("WOSM MEMBERSHIP as at 31st December 2012" . World Organization of the Scout Movement . Retrieved 2014-03-03 .). Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute of Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=UNESCO&f=series%3aEA_56_Ag25t99, Educational attainment: completed tertiary; International Labour Organization, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database.; World Bank staff estimates

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