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Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$: Adjusted net national income (constant 2000 US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion.
Biodiversity > Mammal species, threatened: Mammal species, threatened. Mammal species are mammals excluding whales and porpoises. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known.
CO2 Emissions per 1000: CO2: Total Emissions (excluding land-use) Units: thousand metric tonnes of carbon dioxide. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > Million metric tons: CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total (million metric tons). CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production is the sum of three IEA categories of CO2 emissions: (1) Main Activity Producer Electricity and Heat which contains the sum of emissions from main activity producer electricity generation, combined heat and power generation and heat plants. Main activity producers (formerly known as public utilities) are defined as those undertakings whose primary activity is to supply the public. They may be publicly or privately owned. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 1 a. For the CO2 emissions from fuel combustion (summary) file, emissions from own on-site use of fuel in power plants (EPOWERPLT) are also included. (2) Unallocated Autoproducers which contains the emissions from the generation of electricity and/or heat by autoproducers. Autoproducers are defined as undertakings that generate electricity and/or heat, wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, these emissions would normally be distributed between industry, transport and "other" sectors. (3) Other Energy Industries contains emissions from fuel combusted in petroleum refineries, for the manufacture of solid fuels, coal mining, oil and gas extraction and other energy-producing industries. This corresponds to the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 1 b and 1 A 1 c. According to the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, emissions from coke inputs to blast furnaces can either be counted here or in the Industrial Processes source/sink category. Within detailed sectoral calculations, certain non-energy processes can be distinguished. In the reduction of iron in a blast furnace through the combustion of coke, the primary purpose of the coke oxidation is to produce pig iron and the emissions can be considered as an industrial process. Care must be taken not to double count these emissions in both Energy and Industrial Processes. In the IEA estimations, these emissions have been included in this category.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > Million metric tons per million: CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total (million metric tons). CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production is the sum of three IEA categories of CO2 emissions: (1) Main Activity Producer Electricity and Heat which contains the sum of emissions from main activity producer electricity generation, combined heat and power generation and heat plants. Main activity producers (formerly known as public utilities) are defined as those undertakings whose primary activity is to supply the public. They may be publicly or privately owned. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 1 a. For the CO2 emissions from fuel combustion (summary) file, emissions from own on-site use of fuel in power plants (EPOWERPLT) are also included. (2) Unallocated Autoproducers which contains the emissions from the generation of electricity and/or heat by autoproducers. Autoproducers are defined as undertakings that generate electricity and/or heat, wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, these emissions would normally be distributed between industry, transport and "other" sectors. (3) Other Energy Industries contains emissions from fuel combusted in petroleum refineries, for the manufacture of solid fuels, coal mining, oil and gas extraction and other energy-producing industries. This corresponds to the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 1 b and 1 A 1 c. According to the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, emissions from coke inputs to blast furnaces can either be counted here or in the Industrial Processes source/sink category. Within detailed sectoral calculations, certain non-energy processes can be distinguished. In the reduction of iron in a blast furnace through the combustion of coke, the primary purpose of the coke oxidation is to produce pig iron and the emissions can be considered as an industrial process. Care must be taken not to double count these emissions in both Energy and Industrial Processes. In the IEA estimations, these emissions have been included in this category. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Current issues: This entry lists the most pressing and important environmental problems. The following terms and abbreviations are used throughout the entry:
Ecological footprint: Ecological footprint per capita
Units: Hectares per Person
Endangered species > Mammal species > Number: Mammal species are mammals excluding whales and porpoises. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known."
Forest area > Sq. km > Per capita: Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Marine fish catch: Total marine fish catch
Units: Metric Tons
Marine fish catch per 1000: Total marine fish catch
Units: Metric Tons. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Proportion of land area under protection: Terrestrial areas protected to total surface area, percentage.
Water > Severe water stress: Percent of country's territory under severe water stress
Units: Percent of Land Area
Units: This data is derived from the WaterGap 2.1 gridded hydrological model developed by the Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, Germany. The modellers derived, for each country, grid cell by grid cell estimates of whether the water consumption exceeds 40 percent of the water available in that particular grid cell. These were then converted to land area equivalents in order to calculate the percentage of the territory under severe water stress.
Water pollution > Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day: Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants."
CO2 emissions > Kt: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Urban and rural: Proportion of the population using improved drinking water sources, total.
National parks > Number of parks: Number of parks.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Metric tons per capita: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring."
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Metric tons per capita: CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita). Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
Biodiversity > Bird species, threatened: Bird species, threatened. Birds are listed for countries included within their breeding or wintering ranges. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known.
Carbon efficiency: Carbon economic efficiency (CO2 emissions per dollar GDP)
Units: Metric Tons/US Dollar GDP
CO2 emissions > Kt per 1000: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Endangered species > Bird species: Birds are listed for countries included within their breeding or wintering ranges. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known."
Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$ per capita: Adjusted net national income (constant 2000 US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Total renewable water resources per million: . Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
SO2 emissions per populated area: SO2 emissions per populated land area
Units: 1000 Metric Tons/Sq. Km. of Populated Land Area
Units: We obtained the total emissions for each country by summarizing emissions data, originally available as a grid map with 1 degree x 1 degree cells. Air pollution is generally greatest in densely populated areas. To take this into account, we used the Gridded Population of the World dataset available from CIESIN and calculated the total land area in each country inhabited with a population density of greater than 5 persons per sq. km. We then used this land area as a denominator for the emissions data.
Biodiversity > Fish species, threatened: Fish species, threatened. Fish species are based on Froese, R. and Pauly, D. (eds). 2008. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known.
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kt: CO2 emissions (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
CO2 emissions > Kt > Per capita: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Endangered species > Fish species > Number: Fish species are based on Froese, R. and Pauly, D. (eds). 2008. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known."
Pollution > Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day: Organic water pollutant (BOD) emissions (kg per day). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Pollution > Climate change > Agrees climate change is caused by human activity: Percentage of population who responded yes when asked if they believed global warming was a result of human activities. In this survey, global warming refers to the current rise in earth's temperature and not climate change as a whole.
Water > Percent of water resources used: Proportion of total water resources used, percentage.
Endangered species > Higher plant species > Number: Higher plants are native vascular plant species. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known."
Pollution > Ozone depleting substance consumption: Consumption of all Ozone-Depleting Substances in ODP metric tons.
Biodiversity richness: Caldecott, J.O., M.D. Jenkins, T. Johnson and B. Groombridge. 1994. Priorities for Conserving Global Species Richness and Endemism. In World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Biodiversity Series No. 3 (N. Mark Collins, ed.) pp. 17. World Conservation Press, Cambridge, UK.
NOx emissions per populated area: NOx emissions per populated land area
Units: 1000 Metric Tons/Sq. Km. of Populated Land Area
Units: We obtained the total emissions for each country by summarizing emissions data, originally available as a grid map with 1 degree x 1 degree cells. Air pollution is generally greatest in densely populated areas. To take this into account, we used the Gridded Population of the World dataset available from CIESIN and calculated the total land area in each country inhabited with a population density of greater than 5 persons per sq. km. We then used this land area as a denominator for the emissions data.
Water > Dissolved oxygen concentration: Dissolved oxygen concentration
Units: Milligrams/Liter
Units: The country values represent averages of the station-level values for the three year time period 1994-96, exceptwhere data were only available for an earlier time period (1988-1993). The number of stations per country varies depending on country size; number of bodies of water; and level of participation in the GEMS monitoring system. The data from "The Wellbeing of Nations" included a smaller subset of stations representing outfalls of major watersheds. An analysis of a sample of countries with numerous stations found that the data for stations in the subset is broadly comparable to the data for all GEMS stations in those countries.
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kt per 1000: CO2 emissions (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Forest area > Sq. km: Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not.
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 US$ of GDP: CO2 emissions (kg per 2000 US$ of GDP). Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Urban and rural: Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities, total.
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kt: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring."
CPIA business regulatory environment rating > 1=low to 6=high per million: CPIA business regulatory environment rating (1=low to 6=high). Business regulatory environment assesses the extent to which the legal, regulatory, and policy environments help or hinder private businesses in investing, creating jobs, and becoming more productive. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Pollution > Ozone depleting substance consumption per million people: Consumption of all Ozone-Depleting Substances in ODP metric tons. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
Water > Availability: Water availability per capita (1961-1990 (avg.))
Units: Thousands Cubic Meters/Person
Units: This variable measures internal renewable water (average annual surface runoff and groundwater recharge generated from endogenous precipitation)
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Rural: Proportion of the population using improved drinking water sources, rural.
Biodiversity > Plant species > Higher, threatened: Plant species (higher), threatened. Higher plants are native vascular plant species. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known.
Adjusted net national income > Current US$ per capita: Adjusted net national income (current US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Biodiversity > Number: GEF benefits index for biodiversity is a composite index of relative biodiversity potential for each country based on the species represented in each country, their threat status, and the diversity of habitat types in each country. The index has been normalized so that values run from 0 (no biodiversity potential) to 100 (maximum biodiversity potential)."
Adjusted net national income > Current US$: Adjusted net national income (current US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion.
Pollution > Climate change > Climate change awareness: Percentage of each country's population who claimed knowing "something" or a "great deal" about climate change when asked: "How much do you know about global warming or climate change?"
Protected area: Environmentally protected area (1997)
Biodiversity > GEF benefits index for biodiversity > 0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum: GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum). GEF benefits index for biodiversity is a composite index of relative biodiversity potential for each country based on the species represented in each country, their threat status, and the diversity of habitat types in each country. The index has been normalized so that values run from 0 (no biodiversity potential) to 100 (maximum biodiversity potential).
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 US$ of GDP: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring."
Freshwater > Renewable internal freshwater resources > Total > Billion cubic meters: Renewable internal freshwater resources flows refer to internal renewable resources (internal river flows and groundwater from rainfall) in the country.
Acidification: Percentage of country with acidification excedence
Units: Percent of Land Area
Units: From a map of acidification excedence, all areas at risk within each country were added together in order to calculate the percentage of the entire country at risk of excedence. See pages 21-22 of the 2001 ESI report for more details on how the acidification excedence map was produced.
Emissions > Methane emissions > Kt of CO2 equivalent: Methane emissions are those stemming from human activities such as agriculture and from industrial methane production.
Freshwater > Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita > Cubic meters: Renewable internal freshwater resources flows refer to internal renewable resources (internal river flows and groundwater from rainfall) in the country. Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita are calculated using the World Bank's population estimates.
Pollution > PM10, country level > Micrograms per cubic meter: PM10, country level (micrograms per cubic meter). Particulate matter concentrations refer to fine suspended particulates less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10) that are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing significant health damage. Data for countries and aggregates for regions and income groups are urban-population weighted PM10 levels in residential areas of cities with more than 100,000 residents. The estimates represent the average annual exposure level of the average urban resident to outdoor particulate matter. The state of a country's technology and pollution controls is an important determinant of particulate matter concentrations.
Biodiversity and protected areas > Terrestrial protected areas > Number: Terrestrial protected areas are those officially documented by national authorities.
CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 PPP $ of GDP: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
Proportion of land and marine area under protection: Terrestrial and marine areas protected to total territorial area, percentage.
Endangered species protection: Percent of CITES reporting requirements met
Units: Percent of Requirements Met
Units: Countries that have not ratified the CITES convention are recorded as having zero percent of their requirements met.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from other sectors, excluding residential buildings and commercial and public services > Million metric tons: CO2 emissions from other sectors, excluding residential buildings and commercial and public services (million metric tons). CO2 emissions from other sectors, less residential buildings and commercial and public services, contains the emissions from commercial/institutional activities, residential, agriculture/forestry, fishing and other emissions not specified elsewhere that are included in the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 4 and 1 A 5. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, the category also includes emissions from autoproducers in the commercial/residential/agricultural sectors that generate electricity and/or heat. The IEA data are not collected in a way that allows the energy consumption to be split by specific end-use and therefore, autoproducers are shown as a separate item (Unallocated Autoproducers).
Biodiversity > GEF benefits index for biodiversity > 0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum per million: GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum). GEF benefits index for biodiversity is a composite index of relative biodiversity potential for each country based on the species represented in each country, their threat status, and the diversity of habitat types in each country. The index has been normalized so that values run from 0 (no biodiversity potential) to 100 (maximum biodiversity potential). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Rural: Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities, rural.
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Urban: Proportion of the population using improved drinking water sources, urban.
CPIA policy and institutions for environmental sustainability rating: Policy and institutions for environmental sustainability assess the extent to which environmental policies foster the protection and sustainable use of natural resources and the management of pollution.
Pollution > Climate change > Perceived as threat: Percentage of country's population that perceives climate change as a threat. Results are from a 2008 Gallop Poll.
Emissions > Nitrous oxide emissions > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent: Nitrous oxide emissions are emissions from agricultural biomass burning, industrial activities, and livestock management."
Wildness: Percent of land area having very low anthropogenic impact
Units: Percent of Land Area
Units: Global grids for population (GPW), land use (USGS AVHRR based classification from EROS data center), VMAP roads, VMAP railways, VMAP coastlines, VMAP major rivers and the stable lights data were all scored for "wildness". The scores were aggregated and normalized.
Forest area > Sq. km per 1000: Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Threatened species > Mammal: Number of threatened mammal species (1997)
Known mammal species: Known mammal species (1992-2002).
Climate change > CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services > Million metric tons: CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services (million metric tons). CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services contains all emissions from fuel combustion in households. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 4 b. Commercial and public services includes emissions from all activities of ISIC Divisions 41, 50-52, 55, 63-67, 70-75, 80, 85, 90-93 and 99.
Pollution > Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day per worker: Organic water pollutant (BOD) emissions (kg per day per worker). Emissions per worker are total emissions of organic water pollutants divided by the number of industrial workers. Organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Total > Billion cubic meters: Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for agriculture and industry are total withdrawals for irrigation and livestock production and for direct industrial use (including withdrawals for cooling thermoelectric plants). Withdrawals for domestic uses include drinking water, municipal use or supply, and use for public services, commercial establishments, and homes. Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002."
Pollution > Carbon dioxide 1999: 1999 total CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel burning, cement production, and gas flaring. Emissions are expressed in thousand metric tons of carbon (not CO2).
Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > Kt per 1000: CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of natural gas as an energy source. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > Kt: CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from solid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of coal as an energy source.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > Kt per 1000: CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from solid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of coal as an energy source. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > Kt: CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of natural gas as an energy source.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > Kt per 1000: CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of petroleum-derived fuels as an energy source. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Climate change > Other greenhouse gas emissions, HFC, PFC and SF6 > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent per million: Other greenhouse gas emissions, HFC, PFC and SF6 (thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent). Other greenhouse gas emissions are by-product emissions of hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Biodiversity and protected areas > Marine protected areas > Number: Marine protected areas are areas of intertidal or subtidal terrain--and overlying water and associated flora and fauna and historical and cultural features--that have been reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclosed environment.
Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Urban: Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities, urban.
Emissions > Other greenhouse gas emissions > HFC > PFC and SF6 > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent: Other greenhouse gas emissions are by-product emissions of hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride."
Urban SO2 concentration: Urban SO2 concentration
Units: Micrograms/m3
Units: The values were originally collected at the city level. Each nation varied in terms of the number of cities reported, so this data should be used with some caution. Within each country the values have been normalized by city population for the year 1995, then added together to obtain the total concentration for the given country.
CPIA policy and institutions for environmental sustainability rating > 1=low to 6=high: CPIA policy and institutions for environmental sustainability rating (1=low to 6=high). Policy and institutions for environmental sustainability assess the extent to which environmental policies foster the protection and sustainable use of natural resources and the management of pollution.
CPIA policy and institutions for environmental sustainability rating > 1=low to 6=high per million: CPIA policy and institutions for environmental sustainability rating (1=low to 6=high). Policy and institutions for environmental sustainability assess the extent to which environmental policies foster the protection and sustainable use of natural resources and the management of pollution. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
CPIA business regulatory environment rating > 1=low to 6=high: CPIA business regulatory environment rating (1=low to 6=high). Business regulatory environment assesses the extent to which the legal, regulatory, and policy environments help or hinder private businesses in investing, creating jobs, and becoming more productive.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Consumption of fixed capital > Current US$: Consumption of fixed capital represents the replacement value of capital used up in the process of production.
Pollution > Carbon dioxide 1999 per 1000: 1999 total CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel burning, cement production, and gas flaring. Emissions are expressed in thousand metric tons of carbon (not CO2). Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Freshwater > Withdrawal per million: . Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Emissions > PM10 > Country level > Micrograms per cubic meter: Particulate matter concentrations refer to fine suspended particulates less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10) that are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing significant health damage. Data for countries and aggregates for regions and income groups are urban-population weighted PM10 levels in residential areas of cities with more than 100,000 residents. The estimates represent the average annual exposure level of the average urban resident to outdoor particulate matter. The state of a country's technology and pollution controls is an important determinant of particulate matter concentrations."
Known mammal species per million: Known mammal species (1992-2002). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Areas under protection per million: Protected Areas under IUCN management categories I - VI (1992-2003). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Water > Salinisation: Electrical conductivity
Units: Micro-Siemens/Centimeter
Units: The country values represent averages of the station-level values for the three year time period 1994-96, except where data were only available for an earlier time period (1988-1993). The number of stations per country varies depending on country size; number of water bodies; and level of participation in the GEMS monitoring system.
Areas under protection: Protected Areas under IUCN management categories I - VI (1992-2003)
Fertiliser > Consumption: Fertilizer consumption per hectare of arable land
Units: Hundreds Grams/Hectare of Arable Land
Urban NO2 concentration: Urban NO2 concentration
Units: Micrograms/m3
Units: The values were originally collected at the city level. Each nation varied in terms of the number of cities reported, so this data should be used with some caution. Within each country the values have been normalized by city population for the year 1995, then added together to obtain the total concentration for the given country.
Non-wildness: Percent of land area having very high anthropogenic impact
Units: Percent of Land Area
Units: Global grids for population (GPW), land use (USGS AVHRR based classification from EROS data center), VMAP roads, VMAP railways, VMAP coastlines, VMAP major rivers and the stable lights data were all scored for "wildness". The scores were aggregated and normalized.
Total natural resources rents > % of GDP: Total natural resources rents (% of GDP). Total natural resources rents are the sum of oil rents, natural gas rents, coal rents (hard and soft), mineral rents, and forest rents.
International agreements > Signed but not ratified: The various international environmental agreements which a country has signed but not ratified. Agreements are listed in alphabetical order by the abbreviated form of the full name.
Water pollution > Paper and pulp industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: paper and pulp (34). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Water pollution > Water pollution > Metal industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: primary metals (ISIC division 37). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants."
Water pollution > Water pollution > Paper and pulp industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: paper and pulp (34). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants."
CPIA structural policies cluster average > 1=low to 6=high per million: CPIA structural policies cluster average (1=low to 6=high). The structural policies cluster includes trade, financial sector, and business regulatory environment. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Pollution > Water pollution, chemical industry > % of total BOD emissions: Water pollution, chemical industry (% of total BOD emissions). Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: chemicals (35). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Marine protected areas > % of territorial waters: Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters). Marine protected areas are areas of intertidal or subtidal terrain--and overlying water and associated flora and fauna and historical and cultural features--that have been reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclosed environment.
Adjusted savings > Carbon dioxide damage > % of GNI: Carbon dioxide damage is estimated to be $20 per ton of carbon (the unit damage in 1995 U.S. dollars) times the number of tons of carbon emitted.
Water pollution > Textile industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: textiles (32). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Industry > % of total freshwater withdrawal: Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for industry are total withdrawals for direct industrial use (including withdrawals for cooling thermoelectric plants). Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002."
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Domestic > % of total freshwater withdrawal: Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for domestic uses include drinking water, municipal use or supply, and use for public services, commercial establishments, and homes. Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002."
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Agriculture > % of total freshwater withdrawal: Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for agriculture are total withdrawals for irrigation and livestock production. Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002."
Water pollution > Water pollution > Textile industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: textiles (32). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants."
Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > % of total: CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption (% of total). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of petroleum-derived fuels as an energy source.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services > Million metric tons per million: CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services (million metric tons). CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services contains all emissions from fuel combustion in households. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 4 b. Commercial and public services includes emissions from all activities of ISIC Divisions 41, 50-52, 55, 63-67, 70-75, 80, 85, 90-93 and 99. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > % of total: CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption (% of total). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of natural gas as an energy source.
Emissions > Industrial methane emissions > % of total: Industrial methane emissions are emissions from the handling, transmission, and combustion of fossil fuels and biofuels."
Adjusted net national income > Annual % growth: Adjusted net national income (annual % growth). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion.
Water pollution > Clay and glass industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: stone, ceramics, and glass (36). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Emissions > Agricultural methane emissions > % of total: Agricultural methane emissions are emissions from animals, animal waste, rice production, agricultural waste burning (nonenergy, on-site), and savannah burning."
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved sanitation > Rural: Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities, rural.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Mineral depletion > Current US$: Mineral depletion is equal to the product of unit resource rents and the physical quantities of minerals extracted. It refers to bauxite, copper, iron, lead, nickel, phosphate, tin, zinc, gold, and silver."
Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$, % of GDP: Adjusted net national income (constant 2000 US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
Adjusted net national income > Current US$, % of GDP: Adjusted net national income (current US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
CPIA structural policies cluster average > 1=low to 6=high: CPIA structural policies cluster average (1=low to 6=high). The structural policies cluster includes trade, financial sector, and business regulatory environment.
CPIA policies for social inclusion/equity cluster average > 1=low to 6=high: CPIA policies for social inclusion/equity cluster average (1=low to 6=high). The policies for social inclusion and equity cluster includes gender equality, equity of public resource use, building human resources, social protection and labor, and policies and institutions for environmental sustainability.
CO2 Emissions: CO2: Total Emissions (excluding land-use) Units: thousand metric tonnes of carbon dioxide
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Total > % of internal resources: Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for agriculture and industry are total withdrawals for irrigation and livestock production and for direct industrial use (including withdrawals for cooling thermoelectric plants). Withdrawals for domestic uses include drinking water, municipal use or supply, and use for public services, commercial establishments, and homes. Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002."
Pollution > Water pollution, wood industry > % of total BOD emissions: Water pollution, wood industry (% of total BOD emissions). Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: wood (33). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > Kt: CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of petroleum-derived fuels as an energy source.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net forest depletion > Current US$: Net forest depletion is calculated as the product of unit resource rents and the excess of roundwood harvest over natural growth.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Energy depletion > Current US$: Energy depletion is equal to the product of unit resource rents and the physical quantities of energy extracted. It covers crude oil, natural gas, and coal."
Water pollution > Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day per worker: Emissions per worker are total emissions of organic water pollutants divided by the number of industrial workers. Organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants."
Water pollution > Other industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: other (38 and 39). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > % of GNI: Particulate emissions damage is calculated as the willingness to pay to avoid mortality attributable to particulate emissions.
Water > Phosphorus concentration: Phosphorus concentration
Units: Milligrams/Liter
Units: The country values represent averages of the station-level values for the three year time period 1994-96, except where data were only available for an earlier time period (1988-1993). The number of stations per country varies depending on country size; number of bodies of water; and level of participation in the GEMS monitoring system. The data from "The Wellbeing of Nations" included a smaller subset of stations representing outfalls of major watersheds. An analysis of a sample of countries with numerous stations found that the data for stations in the subset is broadly comparable to the data for all GEMS stations in those countries.
Emissions > Agricultural nitrous oxide emissions > % of total: Agricultural nitrous oxide emissions are emissions produced through fertilizer use (synthetic and animal manure), animal waste management, agricultural waste burning (nonenergy, on-site), and savannah burning."
Climate change > GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF > Mt of CO2 equivalent per million: GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (Mt of CO2 equivalent). GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF refers to changes in atmospheric levels of all greenhouse gases attributable to forest and land-use change activities, including but not limited to (1) emissions and removals of CO2 from decreases or increases in biomass stocks due to forest management, logging, fuelwood collection, etc.; (2) conversion of existing forests and natural grasslands to other land uses; (3) removal of CO2 from the abandonment of formerly managed lands (e.g. croplands and pastures); and (4) emissions and removals of CO2 in soil associated with land-use change and management. For Annex-I countries under the UNFCCC, these data are drawn from the annual GHG inventories submitted to the UNFCCC by each country; for non-Annex-I countries, data are drawn from the most recently submitted National Communication where available. Because of differences in reporting years and methodologies, these data are not generally considered comparable across countries. Data are in million metric tons. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > % of GNI: Particulate emissions damage is calculated as the willingness to pay to avoid mortality attributable to particulate emissions.
Water pollution > Water pollution > Other industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: other (38 and 39). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants."
Climate change > CO2 emissions from other sectors, excluding residential buildings and commercial and public services > % of total fuel combustion: CO2 emissions from other sectors, excluding residential buildings and commercial and public services (% of total fuel combustion). CO2 emissions from other sectors, less residential buildings and commercial and public services, contains the emissions from commercial/institutional activities, residential, agriculture/forestry, fishing and other emissions not specified elsewhere that are included in the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 4 and 1 A 5. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, the category also includes emissions from autoproducers in the commercial/residential/agricultural sectors that generate electricity and/or heat. The IEA data are not collected in a way that allows the energy consumption to be split by specific end-use and therefore, autoproducers are shown as a separate item (Unallocated Autoproducers).
Known breeding bird species: Known breeding bird mammal species (1992-2002).
Pollution > Water pollution, metal industry > % of total BOD emissions: Water pollution, metal industry (% of total BOD emissions). Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: primary metals (ISIC division 37). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > % of total fuel combustion: CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total (% of total fuel combustion). CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production is the sum of three IEA categories of CO2 emissions: (1) Main Activity Producer Electricity and Heat which contains the sum of emissions from main activity producer electricity generation, combined heat and power generation and heat plants. Main activity producers (formerly known as public utilities) are defined as those undertakings whose primary activity is to supply the public. They may be publicly or privately owned. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 1 a. For the CO2 emissions from fuel combustion (summary) file, emissions from own on-site use of fuel in power plants (EPOWERPLT) are also included. (2) Unallocated Autoproducers which contains the emissions from the generation of electricity and/or heat by autoproducers. Autoproducers are defined as undertakings that generate electricity and/or heat, wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, these emissions would normally be distributed between industry, transport and "other" sectors. (3) Other Energy Industries contains emissions from fuel combusted in petroleum refineries, for the manufacture of solid fuels, coal mining, oil and gas extraction and other energy-producing industries. This corresponds to the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 1 b and 1 A 1 c. According to the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, emissions from coke inputs to blast furnaces can either be counted here or in the Industrial Processes source/sink category. Within detailed sectoral calculations, certain non-energy processes can be distinguished. In the reduction of iron in a blast furnace through the combustion of coke, the primary purpose of the coke oxidation is to produce pig iron and the emissions can be considered as an industrial process. Care must be taken not to double count these emissions in both Energy and Industrial Processes. In the IEA estimations, these emissions have been included in this category.
Biodiversity and protected areas > Marine protected areas > % of total surface area: Marine protected areas are areas of intertidal or subtidal terrain--and overlying water and associated flora and fauna and historical and cultural features--that have been reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclosed environment.
Biodiversity and protected areas > Terrestrial protected areas > % of total surface area: Terrestrial protected areas are those officially documented by national authorities.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change sign date: Signature.
Water > Suspended solids: Suspended solids
Units: Natural Log of Milligrams/Liter
Units: The country values represent averages of the station-level values for the three year time period 1994-96, exceptwhere data were only available for an earlier time period (1988-1993). The number of stations per country varies depending on country size; number of bodies of water; and level of participation in the GEMS monitoring system. Data from "The Wellbeing of Nations" included a smaller subset of stations representing outfalls of majorwatersheds. An analysis of a sample of countries with numerous stations found that the data for stations in the subset is broadly comparable to the data for all GEMS stations in those countries. The data in this table was transformed using the natural logarithm.
CPIA policies for social inclusion/equity cluster average > 1=low to 6=high per million: CPIA policies for social inclusion/equity cluster average (1=low to 6=high). The policies for social inclusion and equity cluster includes gender equality, equity of public resource use, building human resources, social protection and labor, and policies and institutions for environmental sustainability. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Forest area > % of land area: Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not.
Water pollution > Metal industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: primary metals (ISIC division 37). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Water pollution > Water pollution > Chemical industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: chemicals (35). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants."
Water pollution > Water pollution > Wood industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: wood (33). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants."
Known breeding bird species per million: Known breeding bird mammal species (1992-2002). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services > % of total fuel combustion: CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services (% of total fuel combustion). CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services contains all emissions from fuel combustion in households. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 4 b. Commercial and public services includes emissions from all activities of ISIC Divisions 41, 50-52, 55, 63-67, 70-75, 80, 85, 90-93 and 99.
Water pollution > Food industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: food and beverages (31). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Climate change > Other greenhouse gas emissions, HFC, PFC and SF6 > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent: Other greenhouse gas emissions, HFC, PFC and SF6 (thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent). Other greenhouse gas emissions are by-product emissions of hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride.
Emissions > CO2 intensity > Kg per kg of oil equivalent energy use: Carbon dioxide emissions from solid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of coal as an energy source.
PM10 > Country level > Micrograms per cubic meter: Particulate matter concentrations refer to fine suspended particulates less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10) that are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing significant health damage. Data for countries and aggregates for regions and income groups are urban-population weighted PM10 levels in residential areas of cities with more than 100,000 residents. The estimates represent the average annual exposure level of the average urban resident to outdoor particulate matter. The state of a countryÂ’s technology and pollution controls is an important determinant of particulate matter concentrations.
Pollution > Water pollution, food industry > % of total BOD emissions: Water pollution, food industry (% of total BOD emissions). Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: food and beverages (31). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Pollution > Water pollution, other industry > % of total BOD emissions: Water pollution, other industry (% of total BOD emissions). Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: other (38 and 39). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Pollution > Water pollution, paper and pulp industry > % of total BOD emissions: Water pollution, paper and pulp industry (% of total BOD emissions). Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: paper and pulp (34). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > % of total: CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption (% of total). Carbon dioxide emissions from solid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of coal as an energy source.
Climate change > GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF > Mt of CO2 equivalent: GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (Mt of CO2 equivalent). GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF refers to changes in atmospheric levels of all greenhouse gases attributable to forest and land-use change activities, including but not limited to (1) emissions and removals of CO2 from decreases or increases in biomass stocks due to forest management, logging, fuelwood collection, etc.; (2) conversion of existing forests and natural grasslands to other land uses; (3) removal of CO2 from the abandonment of formerly managed lands (e.g. croplands and pastures); and (4) emissions and removals of CO2 in soil associated with land-use change and management. For Annex-I countries under the UNFCCC, these data are drawn from the annual GHG inventories submitted to the UNFCCC by each country; for non-Annex-I countries, data are drawn from the most recently submitted National Communication where available. Because of differences in reporting years and methodologies, these data are not generally considered comparable across countries. Data are in million metric tons.
Pollution > Water pollution, textile industry > % of total BOD emissions: Water pollution, textile industry (% of total BOD emissions). Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: textiles (32). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Water pollution > Wood industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: wood (33). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Water pollution > Chemical industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: chemicals (35). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Pollution > Water pollution, clay and glass industry > % of total BOD emissions: Water pollution, clay and glass industry (% of total BOD emissions). Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: stone, ceramics, and glass (36). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day per worker: Emissions per worker are total emissions of organic water pollutants divided by the number of industrial workers. Organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per PPP $ of GDP: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring."
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2005 PPP $ of GDP: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring."

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STAT	Bolivia	Haiti
Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$	$9.70 billion Ranked 51st. 2 times more than Haiti	$4.10 billion Ranked 64th.
Biodiversity > Mammal species, threatened	21 Ranked 39th. 4 times more than Haiti	5 Ranked 143th.
CO2 Emissions per 1000	1.3 Ranked 98th. 8 times more than Haiti	0.157 Ranked 150th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > Million metric tons	4.41 Ranked 91st. 16 times more than Haiti	0.27 Ranked 126th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > Million metric tons per million	0.427 Ranked 93th. 16 times more than Haiti	0.0269 Ranked 127th.
Current issues	the clearing of land for agricultural purposes and the international demand for tropical timber are contributing to deforestation; soil erosion from overgrazing and poor cultivation methods (including slash-and-burn agriculture); desertification; loss of biodiversity; industrial pollution of water supplies used for drinking and irrigation	extensive deforestation (much of the remaining forested land is being cleared for agriculture and used as fuel); soil erosion; inadequate supplies of potable water
Ecological footprint	1.29 Ranked 94th. 65% more than Haiti	0.78 Ranked 135th.
Endangered species > Mammal species > Number	19 Ranked 42nd. 4 times more than Haiti	5 Ranked 134th.
Forest area > Sq. km > Per capita	63.97 kmÂ² per 1,000 people Ranked 7th. 520 times more than Haiti	0.123 kmÂ² per 1,000 people Ranked 181st.
Marine fish catch	0.0 Ranked 122nd.	3,800 tons Ranked 95th.
Marine fish catch per 1000	0.0 Ranked 122nd.	0.451 tons Ranked 96th.
Proportion of land area under protection	20.83% Ranked 65th. 69 times more than Haiti	0.303% Ranked 212th.
Total renewable water resources	622.5 cu km Ranked 7th. 44 times more than Haiti	14 cu km Ranked 22nd.
Water > Severe water stress	14 Ranked 59th.	0.0 Ranked 105th.
Water pollution > Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day	11,539.16 Ranked 57th. 253 times more than Haiti	45.6 Ranked 53th.
CO2 emissions > Kt	7,893.77 kt Ranked 97th. 5 times more than Haiti	1,736.26 kt Ranked 141st.
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Urban and rural	88.03 Ranked 135th. 38% more than Haiti	63.96 Ranked 177th.
National parks > Number of parks	17 Ranked 6th. 9 times more than Haiti	2 Ranked 11th.
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Metric tons per capita	1.38 Ranked 119th. 6 times more than Haiti	0.25 Ranked 159th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Metric tons per capita	1.52 Ranked 124th. 7 times more than Haiti	0.214 Ranked 172nd.
Biodiversity > Bird species, threatened	53 Ranked 13th. 4 times more than Haiti	13 Ranked 91st.
Carbon efficiency	1.76 CO2 emissions/$ GDP Ranked 43th. 6 times more than Haiti	0.31 CO2 emissions/$ GDP Ranked 123th.
CO2 emissions > Kt per 1000	0.875 kt Ranked 131st. 5 times more than Haiti	0.193 kt Ranked 165th.
Endangered species > Bird species	29 Ranked 28th. 2 times more than Haiti	13 Ranked 65th.
Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$ per capita	$939.17 Ranked 55th. 2 times more than Haiti	$409.10 Ranked 69th.
Total renewable water resources per million	73.28 cu km Ranked 4th. 45 times more than Haiti	1.63 cu km Ranked 23th.
SO2 emissions per populated area	70 thousand metric tons/squ Ranked 133th.	140 thousand metric tons/squ Ranked 113th. Twice as much as Bolivia
Biodiversity > Fish species, threatened	0.0 Ranked 206th.	21 Ranked 95th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kt	15,456.41 Ranked 85th. 7 times more than Haiti	2,119.53 Ranked 142nd.
CO2 emissions > Kt > Per capita	0.893 kt per 1,000 people Ranked 131st. 4 times more than Haiti	0.21 kt per 1,000 people Ranked 167th.
Endangered species > Fish species > Number	0.0 Ranked 192nd.	15 Ranked 89th.
Pollution > Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day	11,539.16 Ranked 64th. 3 times more than Haiti	4,405.8 Ranked 52nd.
Pollution > Climate change > Agrees climate change is caused by human activity	73% Ranked 17th. 92% more than Haiti	38% Ranked 113th.
Water > Percent of water resources used	0.425% Ranked 127th.	8.55% Ranked 62nd. 20 times more than Bolivia
Endangered species > Higher plant species > Number	71 Ranked 34th. 2 times more than Haiti	29 Ranked 58th.
Pollution > Ozone depleting substance consumption	7.5 Ranked 94th. 77% more than Haiti	4.24 Ranked 106th.
Biodiversity richness	1 Ranked 39th.	3 Ranked 5th. 3 times more than Bolivia
NOx emissions per populated area	0.21 thousand metric tons/squ Ranked 76th. 7 times more than Haiti	0.03 thousand metric tons/squ Ranked 139th.
Water > Dissolved oxygen concentration	3.85 mls/litre Ranked 138th.	8.9 mls/litre Ranked 41st. 2 times more than Bolivia
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kt per 1000	1.52 Ranked 124th. 7 times more than Haiti	0.214 Ranked 172nd.
Forest area > Sq. km	587,400 kmÂ² Ranked 15th. 559 times more than Haiti	1,050 kmÂ² Ranked 157th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 US$ of GDP	$1.29 Ranked 29th. 3 times more than Haiti	$0.49 Ranked 83th.
Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Urban and rural	46.29 Ranked 149th. 77% more than Haiti	26.1 Ranked 170th.
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kt	13,179.41 Ranked 83th. 5 times more than Haiti	2,396.26 Ranked 129th.
CPIA business regulatory environment rating > 1=low to 6=high per million	0.238 Ranked 49th.	0.246 Ranked 48th. 3% more than Bolivia
Pollution > Ozone depleting substance consumption per million people	0.726 Ranked 126th. 72% more than Haiti	0.423 Ranked 135th.
Water > Availability	51.39 thousand cubic metres Ranked 9th. 55 times more than Haiti	0.93 thousand cubic metres Ranked 109th.
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Rural	71.92 Ranked 144th. 48% more than Haiti	48.47 Ranked 174th.
Biodiversity > Plant species > Higher, threatened	98 Ranked 34th. 3 times more than Haiti	38 Ranked 57th.
Adjusted net national income > Current US$ per capita	$1,668.00 Ranked 101st. 2 times more than Haiti	$671.70 Ranked 129th.
Biodiversity > Number	12.55 Ranked 25th. 2 times more than Haiti	5.22 Ranked 48th.
Adjusted net national income > Current US$	$17.22 billion Ranked 90th. 3 times more than Haiti	$6.74 billion Ranked 116th.
Pollution > Climate change > Climate change awareness	55% Ranked 80th. 20% more than Haiti	46% Ranked 99th.
Protected area	14.4% Ranked 24th. 36 times more than Haiti	0.4% Ranked 131st.
Biodiversity > GEF benefits index for biodiversity > 0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum	12.55 Ranked 25th. 2 times more than Haiti	5.22 Ranked 49th.
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 US$ of GDP	$1.23 Ranked 46th. 92% more than Haiti	$0.64 Ranked 85th.
Freshwater > Renewable internal freshwater resources > Total > Billion cubic meters	303.5 Ranked 26th. 23 times more than Haiti	13.01 Ranked 110th.
Acidification	0.0 Ranked 94th.	0.0 Ranked 63th.
Freshwater > Withdrawal	1.44 Ranked 74th. 45% more than Haiti	0.99 Ranked 82nd.
Emissions > Methane emissions > Kt of CO2 equivalent	27,120 Ranked 41st. 7 times more than Haiti	3,740 Ranked 98th.
Freshwater > Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita > Cubic meters	31,307.66 Ranked 24th. 24 times more than Haiti	1,317.28 Ranked 112th.
Pollution > PM10, country level > Micrograms per cubic meter	56.64 Ranked 32nd. 63% more than Haiti	34.72 Ranked 67th.
Biodiversity and protected areas > Terrestrial protected areas > Number	53 Ranked 90th. 7 times more than Haiti	8 Ranked 160th.
CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 PPP $ of GDP	0.36 kg/PPP$ Ranked 73th. 3 times more than Haiti	0.12 kg/PPP$ Ranked 144th.
Proportion of land and marine area under protection	20.83% Ranked 53th. 169 times more than Haiti	0.123% Ranked 211th.
Endangered species protection	60% Ranked 82nd.	0.0 Ranked 118th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from other sectors, excluding residential buildings and commercial and public services > Million metric tons	1.9 Ranked 43th.	0.0 Ranked 122nd.
Biodiversity > GEF benefits index for biodiversity > 0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum per million	1.28 Ranked 53th. 2 times more than Haiti	0.542 Ranked 75th.
Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Rural	23.74% Ranked 156th. 36% more than Haiti	17.42% Ranked 163th.
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Urban	96.03 Ranked 129th. 24% more than Haiti	77.47 Ranked 192nd.
CPIA policy and institutions for environmental sustainability rating	3.5 Ranked 15th. 40% more than Haiti	2.5 Ranked 63th.
Pollution > Climate change > Perceived as threat	51% Ranked 53th. 46% more than Haiti	35% Ranked 95th.
Emissions > Nitrous oxide emissions > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent	28,300 Ranked 28th. 7 times more than Haiti	4,290 Ranked 82nd.
Wildness	60.93% Ranked 15th.	0.0 Ranked 120th.
Forest area > Sq. km per 1000	62.79 kmÂ² Ranked 7th. 554 times more than Haiti	0.113 kmÂ² Ranked 178th.
Threatened species > Mammal	24 Ranked 29th. 6 times more than Haiti	4 Ranked 130th.
Known mammal species	316 Ranked 14th. 16 times more than Haiti	20 Ranked 142nd.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services > Million metric tons	1.32 Ranked 76th. 7 times more than Haiti	0.2 Ranked 121st.
Pollution > Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day per worker	0.248 Ranked 12th. 26% more than Haiti	0.196 Ranked 17th.
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Total > Billion cubic meters	1.44 Ranked 82nd. 45% more than Haiti	0.99 Ranked 91st.
Pollution > Carbon dioxide 1999	3,068 Ranked 86th. 8 times more than Haiti	386 Ranked 138th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > Kt per 1000	0.588 Ranked 69th.	0.0 Ranked 134th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > Kt	0.0 Ranked 163th.	0.0 Ranked 129th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > Kt per 1000	0.0 Ranked 163th.	0.0 Ranked 129th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > Kt	5,973.54 Ranked 73th.	0.0 Ranked 134th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > Kt per 1000	0.797 Ranked 126th. 4 times more than Haiti	0.2 Ranked 165th.
Climate change > Other greenhouse gas emissions, HFC, PFC and SF6 > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent per million	0.0 Ranked 119th.	0.0 Ranked 110th.
Biodiversity and protected areas > Marine protected areas > Number	0.0 Ranked 169th.	0.0 Ranked 153th.
Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Urban	57.49 Ranked 153th. 71% more than Haiti	33.66 Ranked 174th.
Emissions > Other greenhouse gas emissions > HFC > PFC and SF6 > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent	0.0 Ranked 107th.	0.0 Ranked 92nd.
Urban SO2 concentration	50.41 micrograms/m3 Ranked 66th. 15% more than Haiti	43.7 micrograms/m3 Ranked 74th.
CPIA policy and institutions for environmental sustainability rating > 1=low to 6=high	3.5 Ranked 22nd. 40% more than Haiti	2.5 Ranked 70th.
CPIA policy and institutions for environmental sustainability rating > 1=low to 6=high per million	0.333 Ranked 42nd. 36% more than Haiti	0.246 Ranked 50th.
CPIA business regulatory environment rating > 1=low to 6=high	2.5 Ranked 69th. The same as Haiti	2.5 Ranked 67th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Consumption of fixed capital > Current US$	$1.54 billion Ranked 93th. 3 times more than Haiti	$573.52 million Ranked 118th.
Pollution > Carbon dioxide 1999 per 1000	0.369 Ranked 109th. 8 times more than Haiti	0.0458 Ranked 158th.
Freshwater > Withdrawal per million	0.17 Ranked 90th. 47% more than Haiti	0.115 Ranked 96th.
Emissions > PM10 > Country level > Micrograms per cubic meter	94.06 Ranked 16th. 3 times more than Haiti	37 Ranked 76th.
Known mammal species per million	35.73 Ranked 26th. 16 times more than Haiti	2.26 Ranked 124th.
Areas under protection per million	2.55 Ranked 79th. 3 times more than Haiti	0.889 Ranked 110th.
Water > Salinisation	416.7 Ranked 93th.	713.29 Ranked 62nd. 71% more than Bolivia
Areas under protection	23 Ranked 83th. 3 times more than Haiti	8 Ranked 120th.
Fertiliser > Consumption	37.71 hundred grams/hectare Ranked 123th.	144.46 hundred grams/hectare Ranked 104th. 4 times more than Bolivia
Urban NO2 concentration	56.14 micrograms/m3 Ranked 54th.	67.05 micrograms/m3 Ranked 28th. 19% more than Bolivia
Non-wildness	0.19% Ranked 125th.	7.22% Ranked 46th. 38 times more than Bolivia
Total natural resources rents > % of GDP	20.61% Ranked 29th. 31 times more than Haiti	0.669% Ranked 130th.
International agreements > Signed but not ratified	Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation	Hazardous Wastes
Water pollution > Paper and pulp industry > % of total BOD emissions	15.05% Ranked 30th. 4 times more than Haiti	3.54% Ranked 96th.
Water pollution > Water pollution > Metal industry > % of total BOD emissions	0.87% Ranked 54th.	0.0 Ranked 46th.
Water pollution > Water pollution > Paper and pulp industry > % of total BOD emissions	9.77% Ranked 17th. 5 times more than Haiti	2.01% Ranked 49th.
CPIA structural policies cluster average > 1=low to 6=high per million	0.333 Ranked 45th. 7% more than Haiti	0.311 Ranked 46th.
Pollution > Water pollution, chemical industry > % of total BOD emissions	13.09% Ranked 20th. 3 times more than Haiti	5.02% Ranked 54th.
Marine protected areas > % of territorial waters	99.21% Ranked 2nd. 37 times more than Haiti	2.66% Ranked 83th.
Adjusted savings > Carbon dioxide damage > % of GNI	0.75% of GNI Ranked 42nd. 3 times more than Haiti	0.25% of GNI Ranked 118th.
Water pollution > Textile industry > % of total BOD emissions	8.66% Ranked 38th.	19.19% Ranked 27th. 2 times more than Bolivia
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Industry > % of total freshwater withdrawal	6.88% Ranked 76th. 7 times more than Haiti	1.01% Ranked 121st.
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Domestic > % of total freshwater withdrawal	12.51% Ranked 84th. 2 times more than Haiti	5.05% Ranked 114th.
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Agriculture > % of total freshwater withdrawal	80.61% Ranked 46th.	93.94% Ranked 17th. 17% more than Bolivia
Water pollution > Water pollution > Textile industry > % of total BOD emissions	18.36% Ranked 19th.	0.0 Ranked 51st.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > % of total	52.36% Ranked 120th.	93.25% Ranked 52nd. 78% more than Bolivia
Climate change > CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services > Million metric tons per million	0.128 Ranked 85th. 6 times more than Haiti	0.0199 Ranked 123th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > % of total	38.65% Ranked 30th.	0.0 Ranked 134th.
Freshwater > Withdrawal > Industrial	7% Ranked 55th. 7 times more than Haiti	1% Ranked 104th.
Emissions > Industrial methane emissions > % of total	2.77% Ranked 122nd.	6.42% Ranked 107th. 2 times more than Bolivia
Adjusted net national income > Annual % growth	4.35% Ranked 36th. 3 times more than Haiti	1.3% Ranked 64th.
Water pollution > Clay and glass industry > % of total BOD emissions	0.23% Ranked 36th. 53% more than Haiti	0.15% Ranked 70th.
Emissions > Agricultural methane emissions > % of total	34.48% Ranked 81st.	61.23% Ranked 38th. 78% more than Bolivia
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved sanitation > Rural	23.74 Ranked 156th. 36% more than Haiti	17.42 Ranked 163th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Mineral depletion > Current US$	$121.68 million Ranked 53th.	0.0 Ranked 104th.
Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$, % of GDP	40.49% Ranked 69th.	55.87% Ranked 36th. 38% more than Bolivia
Adjusted net national income > Current US$, % of GDP	71.91% Ranked 127th.	91.74% Ranked 11th. 28% more than Bolivia
Freshwater > Withdrawal > Domestic	13% Ranked 69th. 3 times more than Haiti	5% Ranked 96th.
CPIA structural policies cluster average > 1=low to 6=high	3.5 Ranked 31st. 11% more than Haiti	3.17 Ranked 53th.
CPIA policies for social inclusion/equity cluster average > 1=low to 6=high	3.8 Ranked 14th. 46% more than Haiti	2.6 Ranked 73th.
CO2 Emissions	11,714.2 Ranked 81st. 8 times more than Haiti	1,409.9 Ranked 131st.
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Total > % of internal resources	0.47% Ranked 137th.	7.61% Ranked 71st. 16 times more than Bolivia
Pollution > Water pollution, wood industry > % of total BOD emissions	5.33% Ranked 18th. 12 times more than Haiti	0.454% Ranked 52nd.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > Kt	8,093.07 Ranked 84th. 4 times more than Haiti	1,976.51 Ranked 131st.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net forest depletion > Current US$	0.0 Ranked 115th.	$39.14 million Ranked 42nd.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Energy depletion > Current US$	$4.45 billion Ranked 49th.	0.0 Ranked 117th.
Water pollution > Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day per worker	0.25 Ranked 13th. 25 times more than Haiti	0.01 Ranked 53th.
Water pollution > Other industry > % of total BOD emissions	0.75% Ranked 54th.	2.79% Ranked 66th. 4 times more than Bolivia
Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > % of GNI	1.3% of GNI Ranked 14th. 3 times more than Haiti	0.49% of GNI Ranked 62nd.
Water > Phosphorus concentration	0.34 mls/litre Ranked 71st. The same as Haiti	0.34 mls/litre Ranked 70th.
Emissions > Agricultural nitrous oxide emissions > % of total	43.29% Ranked 118th.	98.37% Ranked 12th. 2 times more than Bolivia
Climate change > GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF > Mt of CO2 equivalent per million	5.23 Ranked 1st. 42 times more than Haiti	0.124 Ranked 21st.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > % of GNI	0.93% Ranked 12th. 2 times more than Haiti	0.39% Ranked 42nd.
Water pollution > Water pollution > Other industry > % of total BOD emissions	9.49% Ranked 59th.	97.99% Ranked 1st. 10 times more than Bolivia
Climate change > CO2 emissions from other sectors, excluding residential buildings and commercial and public services > % of total fuel combustion	12.46% Ranked 10th.	0.0 Ranked 122nd.
Known breeding bird species	504 Ranked 9th. 8 times more than Haiti	62 Ranked 143th.
Pollution > Water pollution, metal industry > % of total BOD emissions	0.871% Ranked 60th.	3.46% Ranked 32nd. 4 times more than Bolivia
Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > % of total fuel combustion	28.92% Ranked 99th. 2 times more than Haiti	12.68% Ranked 123th.
Biodiversity and protected areas > Marine protected areas > % of total surface area	0.0 Ranked 165th.	0.0 Ranked 145th.
Biodiversity and protected areas > Terrestrial protected areas > % of total surface area	21.21% Ranked 39th. 82 times more than Haiti	0.26% Ranked 183th.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change sign date	June 10, 1992	June 13, 1992
Water > Suspended solids	5.48 mls/litre Ranked 57th.	6.16 mls/litre Ranked 33th. 12% more than Bolivia
CPIA policies for social inclusion/equity cluster average > 1=low to 6=high per million	0.362 Ranked 44th. 42% more than Haiti	0.256 Ranked 48th.
Forest area > % of land area	54.17% of land area Ranked 32nd. 14 times more than Haiti	3.81% of land area Ranked 168th.
Water pollution > Metal industry > % of total BOD emissions	1.22% Ranked 52nd.	1.95% Ranked 67th. 60% more than Bolivia
Water pollution > Water pollution > Chemical industry > % of total BOD emissions	13.09% Ranked 20th.	0.0 Ranked 51st.
Water pollution > Water pollution > Wood industry > % of total BOD emissions	5.33% Ranked 18th.	0.0 Ranked 49th.
Known breeding bird species per million	56.99 Ranked 28th. 8 times more than Haiti	7 Ranked 112th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services > % of total fuel combustion	8.66% Ranked 58th.	9.39% Ranked 52nd. 8% more than Bolivia
Water pollution > Food industry > % of total BOD emissions	64.93% Ranked 15th.	69.47% Ranked 14th. 7% more than Bolivia
Climate change > Other greenhouse gas emissions, HFC, PFC and SF6 > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent	0.0 Ranked 119th.	0.0 Ranked 110th.
Emissions > CO2 intensity > Kg per kg of oil equivalent energy use	2.42 Ranked 57th. 3 times more than Haiti	0.86 Ranked 113th.
PM10 > Country level > Micrograms per cubic meter	86.23 mcg/mÂ³ Ranked 25th. 2 times more than Haiti	42.46 mcg/mÂ³ Ranked 83th.
Pollution > Water pollution, food industry > % of total BOD emissions	35.36% Ranked 12th. 22% more than Haiti	28.94% Ranked 7th.
Pollution > Water pollution, other industry > % of total BOD emissions	9.49% Ranked 64th.	27.35% Ranked 34th. 3 times more than Bolivia
Pollution > Water pollution, paper and pulp industry > % of total BOD emissions	9.77% Ranked 15th. 6 times more than Haiti	1.59% Ranked 55th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > % of total	0.0 Ranked 163th.	0.0 Ranked 129th.
Climate change > GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF > Mt of CO2 equivalent	48.05 Ranked 2nd. 50 times more than Haiti	0.955 Ranked 25th.
Pollution > Water pollution, textile industry > % of total BOD emissions	18.36% Ranked 24th.	28.7% Ranked 10th. 56% more than Bolivia
Water pollution > Wood industry > % of total BOD emissions	2.32% Ranked 29th. 3 times more than Haiti	0.84% Ranked 87th.
Water pollution > Chemical industry > % of total BOD emissions	6.84% Ranked 46th. 3 times more than Haiti	2.06% Ranked 96th.
Pollution > Water pollution, clay and glass industry > % of total BOD emissions	7.73% Ranked 17th. 72% more than Haiti	4.49% Ranked 35th.
Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day per worker	0.25 kg per day per worker Ranked 11th. 25% more than Haiti	0.2 kg per day per worker Ranked 36th.
Freshwater > Withdrawal > Agricultural	81% Ranked 51st.	94% Ranked 22nd. 16% more than Bolivia
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per PPP $ of GDP	$0.34 Ranked 57th. 55% more than Haiti	$0.22 Ranked 107th.
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2005 PPP $ of GDP	$0.37 Ranked 54th. 54% more than Haiti	$0.24 Ranked 108th.

SOURCES: The Changing Wealth of Nations: Measuring Sustainable Development in the New Millennium; United Nations Environmental Program and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre; World Resources Institute. 2003. Carbon Emissions from energy use and cement manufacturing, 1850 to 2000. Available on-line through the Climate Analysis Indicators Tool (CAIT) at Washington, DC: World Resources Institute. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; International Energy Agency; International Energy Agency. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), Living Planet Report 2000, Gland, Switzerland: 2000, and Redefining Progress.; United Nations Environmental Program and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre, and International Union for Conservation of Nature, Red List of Threatened Species.; World Development Indicators database; FAOSTAT on-line database; FAOSTAT on-line database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008; Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, WaterGap 2.1, 2000 via ciesin.org; 1998 study by Hemamala Hettige, Muthukumara Mani, and David Wheeler, ""Industrial Pollution in Economic Development: Kuznets Revisited"" (available at www.worldbank.org/nipr). The data were updated through 2005 by the World Bank's Development Research Group using the same methodology as the initial study.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Wikipedia: List of national parks (Africa); Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, United States.; United Nations Environmental Program and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre; Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center; World Development Indicators database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; The Changing Wealth of Nations: Measuring Sustainable Development in the New Millennium. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: Special Report on Emissions Scenarios, Data Version 1.1, B1Illustrative Marker Scenario with model IMAGE; Froese, R. and Pauly, D. (eds). 2008. FishBase database, www.fishbase.org.; Froese, R. and Pauly, D. (eds). 2008. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org. version (07/2008). Accessed: 28 September 2008.; Industrial Pollution in Economic Development: Kuznets Revisited; Wikipedia: Climate change opinion by country; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Global Environmental Monitoring System/Water Quality Monitoring System, with data for an additional 29 countries from Prescott-Allen,R. The Well being of Nations, Washington, DC: Island Press, 2001; Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, United States. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; World Bank Group, CPIA database (http://www.worldbank.org/ida). Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, WaterGAP 2.1B, 2001 via ciesin.org; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Kiran Dev Pandey, Piet Buys, Ken Chomitz, and David Wheeler's, ""Biodiversity Conservation Indicators: New Tools for Priority Setting at the Global Environment Facility"" (2006).; Jacaranda Atlas; Kiran Dev Pandey, Piet Buys, Ken Chomitz, and David Wheeler's, "Biodiversity Conservation Indicators: New Tools for Priority Setting at the Global Environment Facility" (2006).; Food and Agriculture Organisation, AQUASTAT data.; Stockholm Environment Institute at York, Acidification in Developing Countries: Ecosystem Sensitivity and the Critical Loads Approach at the Global scale, 2000 via ciesin.org; World Resources Institute.; World Bank, Development Research Group and Environment Department; United Nations Environmental Program and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre, as compiled by the World Resources Institute, based on data from national authorities, national legislation and international agreements.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, Report on National Reports Required Under Article VIII, Paragraph 7(a), of the Convention, Eleventh Meeting of the Conference of the Parties, Gigiri, Kenya, April 2000; Kiran Dev Pandey, Piet Buys, Ken Chomitz, and David Wheeler's, "Biodiversity Conservation Indicators: New Tools for Priority Setting at the Global Environment Facility" (2006). Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; International Energy Agency (IEA Statistics \xA9 OECD/IEA, http://www.iea.org/stats/index.asp).; Wild Areas Project (WAP), joint Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) and CIESIN project to map the lastwild places on the earth's surface. via ciesin.org; World Resources Institute; World Bank and UNIDO's industry database.; Gregg Marland, Tom Boden, and Bob Andres, University of North Dakota, via net publication; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; World Resources Institute, World Resources 1998-99; World Bank, World Development Indicators 2000; WHO,Air Management Information System-AMIS 2.0, 1998; and Global Urban Observatory, Citibase, 1999. via ciesin.org; World Bank Group, CPIA database (http://www.worldbank.org/ida).; World Bank staff estimates using data from the United Nations Statistics Division's National Accounts Statistics.; Gregg Marland, Tom Boden, and Bob Andres, University of North Dakota, via net publication. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Kiren Dev Pandey, David Wheeler, Bart Ostro, Uwe Deichmann, Kirk Hamilton, and Katherine Bolt. ""Ambient Particulate Matter Concentrations in Residential and Pollution Hotspot Areas of World Cities: New Estimates Based on the Global Model of Ambient Particulates (GMAPS),"" World Bank, Development Research Group and Environment Department (2006).; World Resources Institute. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Bank, World Development Indicators 2001. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2001. via ciesin.org; Wild Areas Project (WAP), joint Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) and CIESIN project to map the last wild places on the earth's surface. Accessed via ciesin.org; United Nations Statistics Division Original html; World Bank staff estimates based on sources and methods in Arundhati Kunte and others' ""Estimating National Wealth: Methodology and Results"" (1998).; The Changing Wealth of Nations: Measuring Sustainable Development in the New Millennium. GDP figures sourced from World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; World Resources Institute. 2003. Carbon Emissions from energy use and cement manufacturing, 1850 to 2000. Available on-line through the Climate Analysis Indicators Tool (CAIT) at Washington, DC: World Resources Institute; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Global Environmental Monitoring System/Water Quality Monitoring System, with data for an additional 29 countries from Prescott-Allen, R. The Well being of Nations, Washington, DC: Island Press, 2001; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Kiran D. Pandey and others' ""The Human Costs of Air Pollution: New Estimates for Developing Countries"" (2006).; Wikipedia: List of parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (List of parties) (Parties & Observers , UNFCCC, 1 June 2011); United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

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