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Education Stats: compare key data on Germany & United States

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Definitions

  • Average years of schooling of adults: Average years of schooling of adults is the years of formal schooling received, on average, by adults over age 15. (Data Source: Barro-Lee Data Set www.worldbank.org/html/prdmg/grthweb/ddbarle2.htm)
  • Children out of school, primary: Children out of school, primary. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Total is the total number of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
  • Children out of school, primary per 1000: Children out of school, primary. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Total is the total number of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Children out of school, primary, female: Children out of school, primary, female. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Female is the total number of female primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
  • College and university > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index for college and university enrollment. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled.
  • College and university > Share of total education spending: Percentage of government education funding that goes to post-secondary education.
  • Compulsary education duration: Number of years students are required to be enrolled in school for all levels of education. For instance, compulsary education lasts for 12 years in the United States.
  • Government spending on education > Proportion of GDP: Percentage of public funding for education out of country's total GDP.
  • Homeschooling legal status: Legal status of homeschooling.
  • Literacy > Total population: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
  • Primary education, duration > Years: Primary education, duration (years). Duration of primary is the number of grades (years) in primary education.
  • Primary education, teachers per 1000: Primary education, teachers. Teaching staff in primary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Pupil-teacher ratio, primary: Pupil-teacher ratio, primary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Primary is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers.
  • Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary: Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Secondary is the number of pupils enrolled in secondary school divided by the number of secondary school teachers.
  • Secondary education, duration > Years: Secondary education, duration (years). Duration of secondary education is the number of grades (years) in secondary education (ISCED 2 & 3).
  • Literacy > Female: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
  • Children out of school, primary, female per 1000: Children out of school, primary, female. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Female is the total number of female primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • College and university > Gender ratio: Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment is the percentage of men to women enrolled at tertiary level in public and private schools.
  • Child care (preschool) > Duration: Number of years students study at the pre-primary (preschool) level. It should be noted that not all countries require pre-primary education.
  • Secondary education > Teachers > Per capita: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Duration of compulsory education: Duration of compulsory education is the number of grades (or years) that a child must legally be enrolled in school.
  • Secondary education, pupils: Secondary education, pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled at public and private secondary education institutions.
  • School life expectancy > Total: School life expectancy and transition from primary to secondary for school years 1998/99 and 1999/00, published in http://www.uis.unesco.org accessed on Sept. 2002 and Women's Indicators and Statistics Database (Wistat), Version 4, CD-ROM (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.00.XVII.4) based on data provided by UNESCO in 1999.
  • Primary education, pupils: Primary education, pupils. Enrolment in primary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in public and private primary education institutions.
  • Primary education, teachers: Primary education, teachers. Teaching staff in primary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
  • Tertiary enrollment: Gross enrolment ratio, tertiary level is the sum of all tertiary level students enrolled at the start of the school year, expressed as a percentage of the mid-year population in the 5 year age group after the official secondary school leaving age.
  • High school > Gender ratio: Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
  • Compulsary education starting age: Age at which children must be enrolled in school.
  • Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary per million: Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Secondary is the number of pupils enrolled in secondary school divided by the number of secondary school teachers. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Literacy > Definition: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
  • High school > Upper secondary school duration: Number of years students study at the upper secondary (high school) level.
  • Literacy > Male: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
  • Spending > USD: Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment."
  • High school > Private school share: Percentage of secondary students who attend a private school.
  • Spending > Proportion: Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment. Expressed as a proportion of GNI."
  • Pupil-teacher ratio > Primary: Primary school pupil-teacher ratio is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers (regardless of their teaching assignment).
  • Child care (preschool) > Starting age: Average age at which students begin pre-primary (preschool) education.
  • Preschool enrollment rate: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music."
  • Tertiary > Students studying abroad: Total number of post-secondary students who were studying abroad during given year.
  • Teachers as percentage of labor force: The percentage share of the total labor force who are classroom, academic staff, and other teachers. Data for 1999.
  • Literacy > Reading performance > Overall: Overall.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Elementary (primary school) > Duration: Number of years students study at the primary level.
  • Secondary education, teachers per 1000: Secondary education, teachers. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Secondary education, teachers: Secondary education, teachers. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
  • Child care (preschool) > Students per teacher: Number of students per teacher for pre-primary (preschool) education.
  • Mathematical literacy: Mathematical literacy mean value of performance scale 15 years old 2000
  • High school > Lower secondary school duration: Number of years students study at the lower secondary (middle school) level.
  • Children out of school, primary, male per 1000: Children out of school, primary, male. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Male is the total number of male primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Scientific literacy: Scientific literacy mean value of performance scale 15 years old (2000)
  • Spending per student > High school: Public expenditure per student is the public current spending on education divided by the total number of students by level, as a percentage of GDP per capita. Public expenditure (current and capital) includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities)."
  • Secondary education, general pupils: Secondary education, general pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. General programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in general programmes at public and private secondary education institutions.
  • Reading literacy: Reading literacy mean value of performance scale (15 years old, 2000)
  • High school > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index for secondary level enrollment. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled.
  • Literacy > Reading performance > Overall reading skills: Overall.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Scientific and technical journal articles: Scientific and technical journal articles refer to the number of scientific and engineering articles published in the following fields: physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, clinical medicine, biomedical research, engineering and technology, and earth and space sciences.
  • Literacy > Reading performance > Access and retrieve: Access and retrieve.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • College and university > Teachers > Proportion of teachers female: Percentage of country's college and university professors that are female.
  • Tertiary > Students studying abroad proportion: The number of students from a given country studying abroad in a given year, expressed as a percentage of total tertiary enrollment in that country. Ratios greater than 100 % are possible, because those currently studying abroad do not count towards total enrollment.
  • Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Scouting > Genders admitted: Admits boys/girls.
  • Elementary (primary school) > Starting age: Average age at which students begin primary education.
  • International Baccalaureate schools: Number of schools of any level teaching the curriculum of the International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO).
  • Children out of school, primary, male: Children out of school, primary, male. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Male is the total number of male primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
  • High school > Students per teacher: Number of students per teacher for all levels of secondary education.
  • Secondary education > General pupils: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training.
  • Spending per student > Elementary school: Public expenditure per student is the public current spending on education divided by the total number of students by level, as a percentage of GDP per capita. Public expenditure (current and capital) includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities)."
  • Secondary school starting age > Years: Secondary school starting age (years). Entrance age of 2A lower secondary is the age at which students would enter lower secondary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade.
  • High school starting age > Years: Secondary school starting age is the age at which students would enter secondary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade."
  • Primary education > Teachers > Per capita: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Educational attainment > Tertiary: Percentage of adult population (aged 25-64) educated till tertiary level (year 2000).
  • High school > Population with at least high school education > Women: Population with at least high school education > Women.
  • Elementary school graduate rate: Persistence to last grade of primary is the percentage of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach the last grade of primary education. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.
  • Schools connected to the Internet: Schools connected to the Internet are the share of primary and secondary schools in the country that have access to the Internet.
  • Public spending per student > Primary level: Public expenditure per student, primary level is the total reported current spending by the government on primary education, divided by the total number of pupils in primary education, expressed as a percentage of per capita GDP.
  • Primary education, pupils per 1000: Primary education, pupils. Enrolment in primary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in public and private primary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Secondary education, pupils per 1000: Secondary education, pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled at public and private secondary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Universities > Top 100: Number of universities in the top 100
  • Student attitude > Dislike of school: Percentage of schoolgoing children who do not like going to school (2000).
  • Tertiary > Students studying abroad per thousand people: Total number of post-secondary students who were studying abroad during given year. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
  • Outcomes > Secondary education > Duration > Years: Secondary education, duration (years) is the number of grades (years) in secondary school."
  • Teacher student ratio > High school: Secondary school pupil-teacher ratio is the number of pupils enrolled in secondary school divided by the number of secondary school teachers (regardless of their teaching assignment).
  • Inequality adjusted index: Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index.
  • Class size > Age 13: The average number of 13-year-old students per class.
  • Teacher student ratio > Elementary school: Primary school pupil-teacher ratio is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers (regardless of their teaching assignment).
  • Elementary school > Enrolled students: Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
  • Primary education > Duration > Years: Primary duration refers to the number of years of full-time equivalent duration in primary education in the school system according to ISCED.
  • Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$ per capita: Services, etc., value added (constant 2000 US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • School enrolment rate > 1st grade: Gross intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the official primary entrance age."
  • Secondary education, general pupils per 1000: Secondary education, general pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. General programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in general programmes at public and private secondary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Literacy > Reading performance > Integrate and interpret: Integrate and interpret.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • High school > Lower secondary starting age: Average age at which students begin lower secondary (middle school) education.
  • Elementary (primary) school) > Private school share: Percentage of primary students who attend a private school.
  • Elementary school > Gender ratio: Ratio of female to male primary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
  • Duration of education > Secondary level: Duration of secondary education is the number of grades (or years) in general secondary education.
  • Public spending per student > Tertiary level: Public expenditure per student, tertiary level is the total reported current spending by the government on tertiary education, divided by the total number of pupils in tertiary education, expressed as a percentage of per capita GDP.
  • Primary education > Pupils: Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
  • High school > Population with at least high school education > Men: Gender Inequality Index.
  • Education enrolment by level > Secondary level > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Secondary education, vocational pupils: Secondary education, vocational pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. Technical/vocational programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in technical/vocational programmes at public and private secondary education institutions.
  • Elementary (primary) school > Students per teacher: Number of students per teacher for primary education.
  • Spending on education > Proportion spent on all staff salaries: Percentage of public funding for education that goes to school staff salaries.
  • Secondary education > Teachers: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
  • Spending per secondary school student: Secondary school spending per pupil in 1998, converted into US dollars by purchasing power parity.
  • Scientific and technical journal articles per million: Scientific and technical journal articles refer to the number of scientific and engineering articles published in the following fields: physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, clinical medicine, biomedical research, engineering and technology, and earth and space sciences. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Literacy > Reading performance > Non-continuous texts: Non-continuous texts.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Literacy > Reading performance > Continuous texts: Continuous texts.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Duration of education > Primary level: Duration of primary education is the number of grades (or years) in primary education.
  • Literacy > Adults at low literacy level: Percentage of adults whose level of document literacy is rated 'low'. Data for 1998
  • Expected duration of education for all students: Expected years of schooling for a 5-year-old under current conditions, excluding education for children under 5. Data for 2000.
  • Participation > Children out of school > Elementary: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school.
  • Participation > Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education: Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary and secondary levels in public and private schools.
  • Public spending per student > Secondary level: Public expenditure per student, secondary level is the total reported current spending by the government on secondary education, divided by the total number of pupils in secondary education, expressed as a percentage of per capita GDP.
  • Literacy > Reading performance > Reflect and evaluate: Reflect and evaluate.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Educational attainment > Senior secondary: Percentage of adult population (aged 25-64) educated till senior secondary level (year 2000).
  • High school > Upper secondary starting age: Average age at which students begin upper secondary (high school) education.
  • Elementary school starting age > Years: Primary school starting age is the age at which students would enter primary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade."
  • Student attitude > Find school boring: Percentage of students who do find school boring (2000).
  • Elementary school repeaters > All: Repeaters in primary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in primary school."
  • School life expectancy > Male: School life expectancy and transition from primary to secondary for school years 1998/99 and 1999/00, published in http://www.uis.unesco.org accessed on Sept. 2002 and Women's Indicators and Statistics Database (Wistat), Version 4, CD-ROM (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.00.XVII.4) based on data provided by UNESCO in 1999.
  • Universities > Top 200: Number of universities in the top 200
  • Literacy > Adults at high literacy level: Percentage of adults whose level of document literacy is rated 'high'. Data for 1998.
  • Secondary education > General pupils > Per capita: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Education enrolment by level > Primary level > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
  • Education enrolment by level > Primary level per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Primary teacher salary > Starting: Annual statutory teachers' salaries in public institutions in primary education, in equivalent US dollars converted using PPPs. Data for 1999.
  • Research and Development > RandD > Expenditure on RandD > Gross domestic expenditure on RandD: Research and development (R&D) comprise creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications. R&D is a term covering three activities: basic research, applied research, and experimental development. Basic research is experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge of the underlying foundation of phenomena and observable facts, without any particular application or use in view. Applied research is also original investigation undertaken in order to acquire new knowledge. It is, however, directed primarily towards a specific practical aim or objective. Experimental development is systematic work, drawing on existing knowledge gained from research and/or practical experience, which is directed to producing new materials, products or devices, to installing new processes, systems and services, or to improving substantially those already produced or installed.

    The main aggregate used for international comparisons is gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD). This consists of the total expenditure (current and capital) on R&D by all resident companies, research institutes, university and government laboratories, etc. It excludes R&D expenditures financed by domestic firms but performed abroad.
  • Research and Development > RandD > Investment in knowledge > Investment in knowledge per million: Investment in knowledge is defined and calculated as the sum of expenditure on R&D, on total higher education (public and private) and on software. Simple summation of the three components would lead to overestimation of the investment in knowledge owing to overlaps (R&D and software, R&D and education, software and education). Therefore, data reported here have been adjusted to exclude the overlaps between components.

    Note that as the term is used here, "investment” has a broader connotation than its usual meaning in economic statistics. It includes current expenditures, such as on education and R&D, as well as capital outlays, such as purchases of software and construction of school buildings. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Pupils-teacher ratio > Primary level: Pupil-teacher ratio, primary level is the average number of pupils per teacher in primary education. Cross-country comparisons may be affected by such factors as the composition of teachers by part- and full-time employment.
  • Elementary (primary school) > Teachers > Proportion of teachers female: Percentage of country's elementary, or primary, teachers that are female.
  • Primary education > Teachers: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
  • Students from households with computer > Age 13: Percentage of 13-year-old students who come from households with at least one computer.
  • Expenditure on education > Change in expenditure on education > Expenditure in tertiary education: The indicator shows direct public and private expenditure on educational institutions in relation to the number of full-time equivalent students enrolled in these institutions. Public subsidies for students’ living expenses have been excluded to ensure international comparability of the data.

    Expenditure on education per student is obtained by dividing the total expenditure on educational institutions by the number of full-time equivalents students. Only those educational institutions and programmes are taken into account for which both enrolment and expenditure data are available.
  • Private school enrolment > Primary level: Private sector enrolment share, primary level is the share of primary school pupils who attend a privately managed school, regardless of whether or not the school receives subsidies from the government.
  • Outcomes > Primary education > Duration > Years: Primary duration refers to the number of years of full-time equivalent duration in primary education in the school system according to ISCED.
  • Literacy > Adults with at least moderate literacy: Percentage of adult females who have at least a moderate level of literacy, in selected OECD countries. Data for 1998.
  • Educational attainment > Junior secondary: Percentage of adult population (aged 25-64) educated till junior secondary level (year 2000).
  • Primary education > Teachers per 1000: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Female enrolment share > Primary level: Girls' enrolment share, primary level is the number of girls enrolled in primary school, expressed as a percentage of the total number of pupils in primary school.
  • Student attitude > Report class disorder: Percentage of students who report high noise level and disorder in classes (2000).
  • Research and Development > RandD > Investment in knowledge > Investment in knowledge: Investment in knowledge is defined and calculated as the sum of expenditure on R&D, on total higher education (public and private) and on software. Simple summation of the three components would lead to overestimation of the investment in knowledge owing to overlaps (R&D and software, R&D and education, software and education). Therefore, data reported here have been adjusted to exclude the overlaps between components.

    Note that as the term is used here, "investment” has a broader connotation than its usual meaning in economic statistics. It includes current expenditures, such as on education and R&D, as well as capital outlays, such as purchases of software and construction of school buildings.
  • Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$: Services, etc., value added (constant 2000 US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars.
  • Universities > Top 50 per million: Number of universities in the top 50. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Universities > Top 200 per million: Number of universities in the top 200. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Proportion of primary education time spent learning technology: Intended instruction time spent studying technology, as a percentage of total intended instruction time for students 12 to 14 years of age. Data for 1999.
  • Primary school starting age > Years: Primary school starting age (years). Entrance age of primary is the age at which students would enter primary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade.
  • Scouting > Members: Members of boy or girl scout groups which are members of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM).
  • Elementary (primary) school) > Proportion spent on all staff salaries: Percentage of public funding for primary education that goes to school staff salaries.
  • High school > Share of total education spending: Percentage of government education funding that goes to secondary education.
  • Enrolment ratio > Secondary level: Net enrolment ratio, secondary level, is the ratio of the number of children of official secondary school age enrolled in school to the number of children of official secondary school age in the population.
  • Participation > Secondary education > General pupils: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training."
  • Secondary education > Teachers per 1000: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Secondary education > General pupils per 1000: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Ratio of female to male primary enrollment: Ratio of female to male primary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
  • Elementary (primary) school > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index in primary, or elementary, school. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled. 
  • Spending per primary school student: Primary school spending per pupil in 1998, converted into US dollars by purchasing power parity.
  • Female enrolment share > Secondary level: Girls' enrolment share, secondary level is the number of girls enrolled in secondary school, expressed as a percentage of the total number of pupils in secondary school.
  • Post-Secondary Non-Tertiary > Teachers > Women: Number of female teaching staff in post-secondary non-tertiary education. Post-secondary non-tertiary education serves to broaden the knowledge of participants, who have already gained an upper secondary qualification.
  • Private school enrolment > Secondary level: Private sector enrolment share, secondary level is the share of students in general secondary education who attend a privately managed school, regardless of whether or not the school receives subsidies from the government.
  • Education enrolment by level > Secondary level per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Outcomes > Tertiary attainment > Tertiary attainment for age group 55-64: For each age group shown, those who have completed tertiary education are shown as a percentage of all persons in that age group. Tertiary education includes both tertiary-type "A programmes”, which are largely theoretically-based and designed to provide qualifications for entry to advanced research programmes and professions with high skill requirements, as well as tertiary-type "B programmes” which are classified at the same level of competencies as tertiary-type A programmes but are more occupationally-oriented and lead to direct labour market access. The tertiary attainment profiles are based on the percentage of the population aged 25 to 64 that has completed that level of education.
  • Scouting > Members per thousand people: Membership (from 2012). Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
  • Proportion of primary education time spent learning science: Intended instruction time spent studying science, as a percentage of total intended instruction time for students 12 to 14 years of age. Data for 1999.
  • School life expectancy > Female: School life expectancy and transition from primary to secondary for school years 1998/99 and 1999/00, published in http://www.uis.unesco.org accessed on Sept. 2002 and Women's Indicators and Statistics Database (Wistat), Version 4, CD-ROM (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.00.XVII.4) based on data provided by UNESCO in 1999.
  • Universities > Top 50 > Per $ GDP: Number of universities in the top 50 Per $ GDP figures expressed per 14.1 billion $ gross domestic product.
  • Universities > Top 50: Number of universities in the top 50
  • Elementary school repeaters > Male: Repeaters in primary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in primary school."
  • Elementary school repeaters > Female: Repeaters in primary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in primary school."
  • High school teachers: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
  • Elementary school teachers: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
  • Primary teacher salary > After 15 years: Annual statutory teachers' salaries in public institutions in primary education, in equivalent US dollars converted using PPPs. Data for 1999.
  • Literacy > Adults at moderate literacy level: Percentage of adults whose level of document literacy is rated 'moderate'. Data for 1998.
  • Teacher qualifications > Years experience > Age 13: The average number of years of teaching experience, for teachers of students aged 13.
  • Students from households with more than 25 books > Age 13: Percentage of 13 year-old students who come from households owning more than 25 books.
  • Students from households with computer > Age 13 per million: Percentage of 13-year-old students who come from households with at least one computer. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Universities > Top 100 per million: Number of universities in the top 100. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Proportion of 15 year-olds in secondary education: Percentage share of 15 year-olds enrolled in secondary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
  • Students from households with study desk > Age 13: Percentage of 13-year-old students who come from households with at least one study desk.
  • Proportion of 20 year olds in tertiary education: Percentage share of 20 year-olds enrolled in tertiary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
  • Participation > Secondary education > Pupils: Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
  • Proportion of primary education time spent learning vocational skills: Intended instruction time spent studying vocational skills, as a percentage of total intended instruction time for students 12 to 14 years of age. Data for 1999.
  • Universities > Top 200 > Per $ GDP: Number of universities in the top 200 Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1 billion $ gross domestic product.
  • Primary education > Pupils per 1000: Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment: Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
  • Students from households with calculator > Age 13: Percentage of 13-year-old students who come from households containing at least one calculator.
  • Pupils-teacher ratio > Secondary level: Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary level is the average number of pupils per teacher in secondary education. Cross-country comparisons may be affected by such factors as the composition of teachers by part- and full-time employment.
  • Young shorttext readers: Share of 15-year-olds who are frequent shorttext (particularly comics) readers (2000)
  • Share of university qualifications awarded to females: Percentage share of tertiary level A qualifications as first degree awarded to females. Data for 2000.
  • Research and Development > RandD > Expenditure on RandD > Gross domestic expenditure on RandD per million: Research and development (R&D) comprise creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications. R&D is a term covering three activities: basic research, applied research, and experimental development. Basic research is experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge of the underlying foundation of phenomena and observable facts, without any particular application or use in view. Applied research is also original investigation undertaken in order to acquire new knowledge. It is, however, directed primarily towards a specific practical aim or objective. Experimental development is systematic work, drawing on existing knowledge gained from research and/or practical experience, which is directed to producing new materials, products or devices, to installing new processes, systems and services, or to improving substantially those already produced or installed.

    The main aggregate used for international comparisons is gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD). This consists of the total expenditure (current and capital) on R&D by all resident companies, research institutes, university and government laboratories, etc. It excludes R&D expenditures financed by domestic firms but performed abroad. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Young longtext readers: Share of 15-year-olds who are frequent longtext readers(2000)
  • Proportion of primary education time spent learning foreign languages: Intended instruction time spent studying modern foreign languages, as a percentage of total intended instruction time for students 12 to 14 years of age. Data for 1999.
  • Primary teacher salary > Starting per 1000: Annual statutory teachers' salaries in public institutions in primary education, in equivalent US dollars converted using PPPs. Data for 1999. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Spending per secondary school student > Per $ GDP: Secondary school spending per pupil in 1998, converted into US dollars by purchasing power parity. Per $ GDP figures expressed per $1,000 of Gross Domestic Product.
  • Universities > Top 100 > Per $ GDP: Number of universities in the top 100 Per $ GDP figures expressed per 14.1 billion $ gross domestic product.
  • Students from households with more than 25 books > Age 13 per million: Percentage of 13 year-old students who come from households owning more than 25 books. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Students from households with dictionary > Age 13: The percentage of 13-year-old students who come from a household with a dictionary.
  • Students living with mother > Age 13: Percentage of 13-year-old students who live with their mother.
  • Students whose mothers have secondary education > Age 13: Percentage of 13-year-old students whose mothers have at least secondary education.
  • Expected duration of education for males: Expected years of schooling for a male 5-year-old under current conditions, excluding education for children under 5. Data for 2000.
  • Proportion of 19 year olds in tertiary education: Percentage share of 19 year-olds enrolled in tertiary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
  • Proportion of 16 year-olds in secondary education: Percentage share of 16 year-olds enrolled in secondary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
  • Share of university qualifications awarded to females > First degree: Percentage share of tertiary level A qualifications as first degree awarded to females. Data for 2000.
  • Female teachers > Lower secondary: Percentage share of lower secondary level teachers at who are female. Data for 2000.
  • Elementary school graduate rate > Male: Persistence to last grade of primary is the percentage of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach the last grade of primary education. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.
  • Elementary school > Enrolled students > % female: Female pupils as a percentage of total pupils at primary level include enrollments in public and private schools.
  • Elementary school teachers > % female: Female teachers as a percentage of total primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
  • Participation > Secondary education > Vocational pupils > % female: Secondary vocational pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in technical and vocational education programs, including teacher training."
  • Participation > Total enrollment > Primary > Male > % net: Total enrollment is the number of pupils of the school-age group for primary education, enrolled either in primary or secondary education, expressed as a percentage of the total population in that age group."
  • Preschool enrollment rate > Female: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Preprimary education refers to the initial stage of organized instruction, designed primarily to introduce very young children to a school-type environment."
  • Preschool enrollment rate > Male: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Preprimary education refers to the initial stage of organized instruction, designed primarily to introduce very young children to a school-type environment."
  • School enrolment rate > 1st grade > Female: Gross intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the official primary entrance age."
  • School enrolment rate > 1st grade > Male: Gross intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the official primary entrance age."
  • Participation > School enrollment > Secondary > Female > % net: Net enrollment ratio is the ratio of children of official school age based on the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers."
  • Literacy and Attainment > Educational attainment: completed tertiary > Tertiary > Population 25+ years > % > Over 24 year olds: Percentage of population older than 24 years that has completed tertiary education.
  • Unemployment with secondary education, male > % of male unemployment: Unemployment with secondary education, male (% of male unemployment). Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
  • Public spending on education, total > % of GDP: Public spending on education, total (% of GDP). Public expenditure on education as % of GDP is the total public expenditure (current and capital) on education expressed as a percentage of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in a given year. Public expenditure on education includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration, and transfers/subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities).
  • Unemployment with primary education, male > % of male unemployment: Unemployment with primary education, male (% of male unemployment). Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
  • Labor force with tertiary education, male > % of male labor force: Labor force with tertiary education, male (% of male labor force). Labor force with tertiary education is the proportion of labor force that has a tertiary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
  • Unemployment with tertiary education, female > % of female unemployment: Unemployment with tertiary education, female (% of female unemployment). Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
  • Unemployment with tertiary education, male > % of male unemployment: Unemployment with tertiary education, male (% of male unemployment). Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
  • School enrollment > Primary > Female > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
  • Primary education > Teachers > % female: Female teachers as a percentage of total primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
  • Proportion of primary education time spent learning arts: Intended instruction time spent studying arts, as a percentage of total intended instruction time for students 12 to 14 years of age. Data for 1999.
  • Proportion of primary education time spent in physical education: Intended instruction time spent studying physical education, as a percentage of total intended instruction time for students 12 to 14 years of age. Data for 1999.
  • Government spending on education > % of GDP: Public expenditure on education consists of current and capital public expenditure on education includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities)."
  • Participation > School enrollment > Primary > Female > % net: Net enrollment ratio is the ratio of children of official school age based on the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music."
  • Government spending on education > % of government spending: Public expenditure on education consists of current and capital public expenditure on education includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities)."
  • Participation > School enrollment > Primary > Female > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music."
  • School enrollment, primary, private > % of total primary: School enrollment, primary, private (% of total primary). Percentage of private enrolment. Primary is the enrolment in private primary schools expressed as a percentage of total enrolment (public and private) in primary schools. 'Private' refers to all educational institutions not operated by a public authority, regardless of whether they receive financial support from public authorities. A high percentage indicates strong involvement of the non-governmental sector (including religious bodies, other organizations, associations, communities, private enterprises or persons) in providing organized educational programmes.
  • Primary education, pupils > % female: Primary education, pupils (% female). Percentage of female students. Primary is the number of female students at the primary level expressed as a percentage of the total number of students (male and female) at the primary level in a given school year.
  • School enrollment, primary, female > % gross: School enrollment, primary, female (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Primary. Female is the total female enrollment in primary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the female population of official primary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
  • Primary completion rate, total > % of relevant age group: Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group). Primary completion rate. Total is the total number of new entrants in the last grade of primary education, regardless of age, expressed as percentage of the total population of the theoretical entrance age to the last grade of primary. This indicator is also known as "gross intake rate to the last grade of primary." The ratio can exceed 100% due to over-aged and under-aged children who enter primary school late/early and/or repeat grades.
  • Gross intake ratio in first grade of primary education, female > % of relevant age group: Gross intake ratio in first grade of primary education, female (% of relevant age group). Gross intake ratio in first grade of primary education is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the official primary entrance age.
  • Secondary education, general pupils > % female: Secondary education, general pupils (% female). Percentage of female students. Total secondary. General programmes is the number of female students enrolled in general programmes at the secondary education level expressed as a percentage of the total number of students (male and female) enrolled in general programmes at the secondary education level in a given school year.
  • Total enrollment, primary, male > % net: Total enrollment, primary, male (% net). Adjusted net enrollment is the number of pupils of the school-age group for primary education, enrolled either in primary or secondary education, expressed as a percentage of the total population in that age group.
  • Labor force with primary education, female > % of female labor force: Labor force with primary education, female (% of female labor force). Labor force with primary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a primary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
  • Labor force with tertiary education > % of total: Labor force with tertiary education (% of total). Labor force with tertiary education is the proportion of labor force that has a tertiary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
  • Services, etc., value added > Current US$ per capita: Services, etc., value added (current US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Services, etc., value added > Current US$, % of GDP: Services, etc., value added (current US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
  • Secondary education, vocational pupils per 1000: Secondary education, vocational pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. Technical/vocational programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in technical/vocational programmes at public and private secondary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Secondary education, teachers, female per 1000: Secondary education, teachers, female. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Female is the total number of female teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Adjusted savings: education expenditure > % of GNI: Adjusted savings: education expenditure (% of GNI). Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment.
  • Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment > %: Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment (%). Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment is the percentage of men to women enrolled at tertiary level in public and private schools.
  • Persistence to last grade of primary, total > % of cohort: Persistence to last grade of primary, total (% of cohort). Survival rate to last grade of primary. Total is the share of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach the last grade of primary. The estimate is calculated on the basis of the reconstructed cohort method, which uses data on enrolment and repeaters for two consecutive years.
  • School enrollment, primary > % gross: School enrollment, primary (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Primary. Total is the total enrollment in primary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of official primary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
  • School enrollment > Secondary > Female > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.
  • School enrollment, primary, male > % net: School enrollment, primary, male (% net). Net enrolment rate. Primary. Male is the ratio of male children of the official primary school age who are enrolled in primary school to the male population of the official primary school age.
  • Persistence to last grade of primary, female > % of cohort: Persistence to last grade of primary, female (% of cohort). Survival rate to last grade of primary. Female is the share of female children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach the last grade of primary. The estimate is calculated on the basis of the reconstructed cohort method, which uses data on enrolment and repeaters for two consecutive years.
  • Repeaters, primary, male > % of male enrollment: Repeaters, primary, male (% of male enrollment). Percentage of repeaters in primary. All grades. Male is the number of male students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all male students enrolled in primary school. It is calculated by dividing the sum of male repeaters in all grades of primary education by the total male enrolment of primary education and multiplying the result by 100.
  • Expected duration of education for females: Expected years of schooling for a female 5-year-old under current conditions, excluding education for children under 5. Data for 2000.
  • Proportion of primary education time spent learning mathematics: Intended instruction time spent practicing mathematics, as a percentage of total intended instruction time for students 12 to 14 years of age. Data for 1999.
  • Proportion of 19 year olds in secondary education: Percentage share of 19 year-olds enrolled in secondary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
  • Proportion of 20 year olds in secondary education: Percentage share of 20 year-olds enrolled in secondary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
  • School enrollment, secondary, female > % gross: School enrollment, secondary, female (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Secondary. All programmes. Female is the total female enrollment in secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the female population of official secondary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
STAT Germany United States HISTORY
Average years of schooling of adults 10.2
Ranked 8th.
12
Ranked 1st. 18% more than Germany
Children out of school, primary 7,230
Ranked 76th.
1.76 million
Ranked 3rd. 243 times more than Germany

Children out of school, primary per 1000 0.0884
Ranked 114th.
5.64
Ranked 47th. 64 times more than Germany

Children out of school, primary, female 16,194
Ranked 55th.
780,465
Ranked 3rd. 48 times more than Germany

College and university > Gender parity index 0.885
Ranked 47th.
1.41
Ranked 33th. 59% more than Germany

College and university > Share of total education spending 27.16%
Ranked 21st. 6% more than United States
25.65%
Ranked 26th.

Compulsary education duration 13
Ranked 4th. 8% more than United States
12
Ranked 14th.

Government spending on education > Proportion of GDP 5.08%
Ranked 54th.
5.62%
Ranked 39th. 11% more than Germany

Homeschooling legal status Illegal, public or approved private education is mandatory with the only exception being where continued school attendance would create undue hardship for an individual child. Legal under regulating conditions, varies by state.
Literacy > Total population 99%
Ranked 15th. The same as United States
99%
Ranked 20th.

Primary education, duration > Years 4
Ranked 181st.
6
Ranked 53th. 50% more than Germany

Primary education, teachers per 1000 3.09
Ranked 109th.
5.49
Ranked 49th. 78% more than Germany

Pupil-teacher ratio, primary 11.82
Ranked 113th.
14.29
Ranked 98th. 21% more than Germany

Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary 12.88
Ranked 62nd.
14.49
Ranked 56th. 13% more than Germany

Secondary education, duration > Years 9
Ranked 1st. 50% more than United States
6
Ranked 102nd.

Literacy > Female 99%
Ranked 12th. The same as United States
99%
Ranked 17th.

Children out of school, primary, female per 1000 0.196
Ranked 104th.
2.5
Ranked 48th. 13 times more than Germany

College and university > Gender ratio 88.74
Ranked 44th.
140.06
Ranked 29th. 58% more than Germany

Child care (preschool) > Duration 3
Ranked 28th. The same as United States
3
Ranked 47th.

Secondary education > Teachers > Per capita 7.24 per 1,000 people
Ranked 40th. 32% more than United States
5.5 per 1,000 people
Ranked 65th.

Duration of compulsory education 13 years
Ranked 1st. 8% more than United States
12 years
Ranked 10th.
Secondary education, pupils 7.53 million
Ranked 10th.
24.21 million
Ranked 4th. 3 times more than Germany

Girls to boys ratio > Primary level enrolment 1
Ranked 20th. 1% more than United States
0.99
Ranked 49th.

School life expectancy > Total 15.3 years
Ranked 12th. 1% more than United States
15.2 years
Ranked 14th.
Primary education, pupils 2.99 million
Ranked 36th.
24.43 million
Ranked 5th. 8 times more than Germany

Primary education, teachers 252,845
Ranked 15th.
1.71 million
Ranked 5th. 7 times more than Germany

Tertiary enrollment 46.3%
Ranked 4th.
72.6%
Ranked 1st. 57% more than Germany
High school > Gender ratio 97.54
Ranked 74th.
99.5
Ranked 59th. 2% more than Germany

Compulsary education starting age 6
Ranked 38th. The same as United States
6
Ranked 66th.

Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary per million 0.157
Ranked 92nd. 3 times more than United States
0.0465
Ranked 96th.

Literacy > Definition age 15 and over can read and write age 15 and over can read and write
High school > Upper secondary school duration 3
Ranked 53th. The same as United States
3
Ranked 73th.

Literacy > Male 99%
Ranked 23th. The same as United States
99%
Ranked 28th.

Spending > USD 157.95 billion
Ranked 3rd.
684.04 billion
Ranked 1st. 4 times more than Germany

High school > Private school share 8.76%
Ranked 81st. 6% more than United States
8.27%
Ranked 86th.

Spending > Proportion 4.28
Ranked 79th.
4.79
Ranked 54th. 12% more than Germany

Pupil-teacher ratio > Primary 14.19
Ranked 121st.
14.21
Ranked 120th. About the same as Germany

Child care (preschool) > Starting age 3
Ranked 73th. The same as United States
3
Ranked 103th.

Preschool enrollment rate 104.77
Ranked 65th. 6% more than United States
98.77
Ranked 94th.

Tertiary > Students studying abroad 113,236.01
Ranked 4th. 99% more than United States
56,943.33
Ranked 6th.

Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level 2.33 million
Ranked 10th.
16.61 million
Ranked 1st. 7 times more than Germany

Teachers as percentage of labor force 3.9%
Ranked 19th.
4.2%
Ranked 17th. 8% more than Germany
Literacy > Reading performance > Overall 497
Ranked 17th.
500
Ranked 15th. 1% more than Germany
Elementary (primary school) > Duration 4
Ranked 191st.
6
Ranked 59th. 50% more than Germany

Secondary education, teachers per 1000 7.15
Ranked 36th. 33% more than United States
5.36
Ranked 56th.

Secondary education, teachers 584,535
Ranked 8th.
1.67 million
Ranked 4th. 3 times more than Germany

Child care (preschool) > Students per teacher 10.2
Ranked 99th.
14.96
Ranked 64th. 47% more than Germany

Mathematical literacy 490
Ranked 19th.
493
Ranked 18th. 1% more than Germany
High school > Lower secondary school duration 6
Ranked 1st. Twice as much as United States
3
Ranked 105th.

Children out of school, primary, male per 1000 0.298
Ranked 102nd.
3.14
Ranked 43th. 11 times more than Germany

Scientific literacy 487
Ranked 20th.
499
Ranked 14th. 2% more than Germany
Spending per student > High school 20.66
Ranked 38th.
24.56
Ranked 18th. 19% more than Germany

Secondary education, general pupils 6.07 million
Ranked 12th.
24.21 million
Ranked 3rd. 4 times more than Germany

Reading literacy 484
Ranked 21st.
504
Ranked 15th. 4% more than Germany
High school > Gender parity index 0.947
Ranked 110th.
1.01
Ranked 68th. 7% more than Germany

Literacy > Reading performance > Overall reading skills 497
Ranked 17th.
500
Ranked 15th. 1% more than Germany
Scientific and technical journal articles 44,305
Ranked 4th.
211,233
Ranked 1st. 5 times more than Germany

Literacy > Reading performance > Access and retrieve 501
Ranked 17th. 2% more than United States
492
Ranked 25th.
College and university > Teachers > Proportion of teachers female 39%
Ranked 19th.
47%
Ranked 7th. 21% more than Germany
Tertiary > Students studying abroad proportion 4.1%
Ranked 72nd. 15 times more than United States
0.271%
Ranked 124th.

Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level per 1000 28.3
Ranked 55th.
57.75
Ranked 4th. 2 times more than Germany

Scouting > Genders admitted both both for Venturing, boys only for non-Venturing
Elementary (primary school) > Starting age 6
Ranked 50th. The same as United States
6
Ranked 77th.

Education expenditure of government > As percentage of total government 9.8%
Ranked 68th.
15.3%
Ranked 38th. 56% more than Germany

International Baccalaureate schools 59
Ranked 10th.
1,489
Ranked 1st. 25 times more than Germany
Children out of school, primary, male 24,606
Ranked 48th.
976,866
Ranked 3rd. 40 times more than Germany

Education expenditure of government > As percentage of GNI 4.6%
Ranked 58th.
5.9%
Ranked 23th. 28% more than Germany

High school > Students per teacher 12.88
Ranked 64th.
14.49
Ranked 57th. 13% more than Germany

Secondary education > General pupils 6.59 million
Ranked 12th.
24.19 million
Ranked 3rd. 4 times more than Germany

Spending per student > Elementary school 16.08
Ranked 40th.
22.35
Ranked 18th. 39% more than Germany

Secondary school starting age > Years 10
Ranked 186th.
12
Ranked 59th. 20% more than Germany

High school starting age > Years 10
Ranked 162nd.
12
Ranked 55th. 20% more than Germany

Primary education > Teachers > Per capita 2.82 per 1,000 people
Ranked 125th.
5.88 per 1,000 people
Ranked 44th. 2 times more than Germany

Educational attainment > Tertiary 23%
Ranked 15th.
37%
Ranked 2nd. 61% more than Germany
Education enrolment by level > Primary level 3.3 million
Ranked 35th.
24.85 million
Ranked 4th. 8 times more than Germany

High school > Population with at least high school education > Women 96.2%
Ranked 11th. 2% more than United States
94.7%
Ranked 14th.

Elementary school graduate rate 95.63
Ranked 31st. About the same as United States
95.34
Ranked 40th.

Schools connected to the Internet 99%
Ranked 8th.
100%
Ranked 2nd. 1% more than Germany

Public spending per student > Primary level 17.8
Ranked 22nd.
17.9
Ranked 21st. 1% more than Germany
Primary education, pupils per 1000 36.55
Ranked 152nd.
78.41
Ranked 97th. 2 times more than Germany

Secondary education, pupils per 1000 92.04
Ranked 43th. 18% more than United States
77.71
Ranked 76th.

Girls to boys ratio > Tertiary level enrolment 1.03
Ranked 60th.
1.4
Ranked 22nd. 36% more than Germany

Girls to boys ratio > Secondary level enrolment 0.98
Ranked 80th.
1.02
Ranked 54th. 4% more than Germany

Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level > Per capita 28.3 per 1,000 people
Ranked 54th.
57.61 per 1,000 people
Ranked 4th. 2 times more than Germany

Universities > Top 100 2
Ranked 14th.
31
Ranked 1st. 16 times more than Germany
Student attitude > Dislike of school 25%
Ranked 14th.
35%
Ranked 5th. 40% more than Germany
Tertiary > Students studying abroad per thousand people 1.38
Ranked 98th. 8 times more than United States
0.183
Ranked 178th.

Outcomes > Secondary education > Duration > Years 9
Ranked 1st. 50% more than United States
6
Ranked 86th.

Teacher student ratio > High school 13.24
Ranked 55th.
14.38
Ranked 51st. 9% more than Germany

Inequality adjusted index 0.927
Ranked 5th.
0.941
Ranked 3rd. 2% more than Germany
Class size > Age 13 15.9 students
Ranked 21st.
18.3 students
Ranked 15th. 15% more than Germany
Teacher student ratio > Elementary school 13.5
Ranked 103th.
13.69
Ranked 102nd. 1% more than Germany

Elementary school > Enrolled students 3.24 million
Ranked 34th.
24.68 million
Ranked 3rd. 8 times more than Germany

Primary education > Duration > Years 4 years
Ranked 170th.
6 years
Ranked 54th. 50% more than Germany

Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$ per capita $23,804.70
Ranked 11th.
$33,005.49
Ranked 3rd. 39% more than Germany

School enrolment rate > 1st grade 99.13
Ranked 79th.
105.99
Ranked 46th. 7% more than Germany

Secondary education, general pupils per 1000 74.21
Ranked 58th.
77.71
Ranked 47th. 5% more than Germany

Literacy > Reading performance > Integrate and interpret 501
Ranked 14th. 1% more than United States
495
Ranked 20th.
High school > Lower secondary starting age 10
Ranked 193th.
12
Ranked 61st. 20% more than Germany

Elementary (primary) school) > Private school share 4.34%
Ranked 98th.
8.72%
Ranked 80th. Twice as much as Germany

Elementary school > Gender ratio 99.62
Ranked 37th.
100.68
Ranked 17th. 1% more than Germany

Education enrolment ratio > Net > Primary level 96%
Ranked 50th. 2% more than United States
94%
Ranked 71st.

Duration of education > Secondary level 9
Ranked 1st. 50% more than United States
6
Ranked 81st.
Public spending per student > Tertiary level 42.5
Ranked 38th. 78% more than United States
23.9
Ranked 8th.
Primary education > Pupils 3.31 million
Ranked 36th.
24.56 million
Ranked 4th. 7 times more than Germany

High school > Population with at least high school education > Men 96.9%
Ranked 12th. 3% more than United States
94.3%
Ranked 22nd.

Education enrolment by level > Percentage girls > Tertiary level 49%
Ranked 81st.
56.64%
Ranked 34th. 16% more than Germany

Education enrolment by level > Secondary level > Per capita 102.37 per 1,000 people
Ranked 42nd. 24% more than United States
82.72 per 1,000 people
Ranked 88th.

Secondary education, vocational pupils 1.46 million
Ranked 8th.
0.0
Ranked 96th.

Elementary (primary) school > Students per teacher 11.82
Ranked 115th.
14.29
Ranked 100th. 21% more than Germany

Spending on education > Proportion spent on all staff salaries 78.06%
Ranked 35th. 1% more than United States
77.19%
Ranked 38th.

Secondary education > Teachers 597,681.1
Ranked 7th.
1.62 million
Ranked 3rd. 3 times more than Germany

School life expectancy > Primary to tertiary 16 years
Ranked 11th. The same as United States
16 years
Ranked 15th.
Spending per secondary school student $6,209.00 per student
Ranked 8th.
$7,764.00 per student
Ranked 3rd. 25% more than Germany
Education enrolment by level > Secondary level 8.45 million
Ranked 12th.
23.85 million
Ranked 4th. 3 times more than Germany

Scientific and technical journal articles per million 536.81
Ranked 17th.
728.12
Ranked 13th. 36% more than Germany

Literacy > Reading performance > Non-continuous texts 497
Ranked 20th.
503
Ranked 14th. 1% more than Germany
Literacy > Reading performance > Continuous texts 496
Ranked 19th.
500
Ranked 13th. 1% more than Germany
Duration of education > Primary level 4
Ranked 150th.
6
Ranked 51st. 50% more than Germany
Literacy > Adults at low literacy level 41.7%
Ranked 12th.
49.6%
Ranked 7th. 19% more than Germany
Expected duration of education for all students 17.2 years
Ranked 11th. 3% more than United States
16.7 years
Ranked 14th.
Participation > Children out of school > Elementary 4,196
Ranked 97th.
1.71 million
Ranked 4th. 409 times more than Germany

Participation > Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education 98.14%
Ranked 77th.
100.09%
Ranked 51st. 2% more than Germany

Public spending per student > Secondary level 20.5
Ranked 32nd.
22.4
Ranked 28th. 9% more than Germany
Education enrolment by level > Percentage girls > Primary level 48.6%
Ranked 70th.
48.86%
Ranked 40th. 1% more than Germany

Literacy > Reading performance > Reflect and evaluate 491
Ranked 25th.
512
Ranked 8th. 4% more than Germany
Educational attainment > Senior secondary 59%
Ranked 3rd. 18% more than United States
50%
Ranked 6th.
Education enrolment ratio > Net > Primary level > Women 96%
Ranked 47th. 2% more than United States
94%
Ranked 66th.

High school > Upper secondary starting age 16
Ranked 17th. 7% more than United States
15
Ranked 90th.

Elementary school starting age > Years 6
Ranked 49th. The same as United States
6
Ranked 73th.

Student attitude > Find school boring 49%
Ranked 12th.
61%
Ranked 2nd. 24% more than Germany
Elementary school repeaters > All 1.27
Ranked 82nd.
0.0
Ranked 116th.

School life expectancy > Male 15.5 years
Ranked 9th. 5% more than United States
14.8 years
Ranked 17th.
Universities > Top 200 9
Ranked 7th.
54
Ranked 1st. 6 times more than Germany
Literacy > Adults at high literacy level 18.9%
Ranked 10th.
19%
Ranked 9th. 1% more than Germany
Secondary education > General pupils > Per capita 79.87 per 1,000 people
Ranked 58th.
82.36 per 1,000 people
Ranked 51st. 3% more than Germany

Education enrolment by level > Primary level > Per capita 0.04 per capita
Ranked 162nd.
0.086 per capita
Ranked 119th. 2 times more than Germany

Education enrolment by level > Primary level per 1000 40.05
Ranked 166th.
86.39
Ranked 118th. 2 times more than Germany

Primary teacher salary > Starting $29,697.00
Ranked 2nd. 16% more than United States
$25,707.00
Ranked 5th.
Education enrolment ratio > Net > Primary level > Men 96%
Ranked 44th. 3% more than United States
93%
Ranked 66th.

Research and Development > RandD > Expenditure on RandD > Gross domestic expenditure on RandD 2.53%
Ranked 10th.
2.68%
Ranked 7th. 6% more than Germany
Research and Development > RandD > Investment in knowledge > Investment in knowledge per million 0.0466%
Ranked 15th. 2 times more than United States
0.0212%
Ranked 18th.
Pupils-teacher ratio > Primary level 14.8
Ranked 117th.
15.4
Ranked 115th. 4% more than Germany
Elementary (primary school) > Teachers > Proportion of teachers female 86%
Ranked 9th.
87%
Ranked 8th. 1% more than Germany
Primary education > Teachers 232,936.5
Ranked 17th.
1.73 million
Ranked 3rd. 7 times more than Germany

Education enrolment by level > Percentage girls > Secondary level 48.25%
Ranked 106th.
48.72%
Ranked 92nd. 1% more than Germany

Students from households with computer > Age 13 69%
Ranked 5th. 28% more than United States
54%
Ranked 13th.
Expenditure on education > Change in expenditure on education > Expenditure in tertiary education 106 Index of change, year 200
Ranked 26th.
117.74 Index of change, year 200
Ranked 15th. 11% more than Germany
Private school enrolment > Primary level 2.4
Ranked 64th.
11.6
Ranked 33th. 5 times more than Germany
Outcomes > Primary education > Duration > Years 4
Ranked 157th.
6
Ranked 49th. 50% more than Germany

Literacy > Adults with at least moderate literacy 58.3%
Ranked 6th. 16% more than United States
50.4%
Ranked 11th.
Educational attainment > Junior secondary 17%
Ranked 15th. 42% more than United States
12%
Ranked 18th.
Primary education > Teachers per 1000 2.82
Ranked 126th.
5.9
Ranked 45th. 2 times more than Germany

Female enrolment share > Primary level 48.5%
Ranked 66th.
48.7%
Ranked 42nd. About the same as Germany
Student attitude > Report class disorder 22%
Ranked 14th.
28%
Ranked 11th. 27% more than Germany
Research and Development > RandD > Investment in knowledge > Investment in knowledge 3.82%
Ranked 9th.
6.49%
Ranked 2nd. 70% more than Germany
Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$ $1.95 trillion
Ranked 3rd.
$10.28 trillion
Ranked 1st. 5 times more than Germany

Universities > Top 50 per million 0.0121
Ranked 10th.
0.0677
Ranked 7th. 6 times more than Germany
Universities > Top 200 per million 0.109
Ranked 19th.
0.183
Ranked 17th. 67% more than Germany
Proportion of primary education time spent learning technology 4 3
Primary school starting age > Years 6
Ranked 50th. The same as United States
6
Ranked 77th.

Scouting > Members 112,503
Ranked 14th.
2.99 million
Ranked 3rd. 27 times more than Germany
Elementary (primary) school) > Proportion spent on all staff salaries 82.97%
Ranked 41st. 2% more than United States
81.55%
Ranked 48th.

High school > Share of total education spending 45.55%
Ranked 13th. 29% more than United States
35.42%
Ranked 52nd.

Enrolment ratio > Secondary level 87.7%
Ranked 4th.
88.1%
Ranked 17th. About the same as Germany
Participation > Secondary education > General pupils 6.17 million
Ranked 11th.
24.69 million
Ranked 2nd. 4 times more than Germany

Secondary education > Teachers per 1000 7.24
Ranked 39th. 31% more than United States
5.52
Ranked 66th.

Secondary education > General pupils per 1000 79.87
Ranked 57th.
82.6
Ranked 48th. 3% more than Germany

Ratio of female to male primary enrollment 99.78
Ranked 32nd. 3% more than United States
97.22
Ranked 93th.

Elementary (primary) school > Gender parity index 0.995
Ranked 57th. About the same as United States
0.991
Ranked 69th.

Spending per primary school student $3,531.00 per student
Ranked 13th.
$6,043.00 per student
Ranked 4th. 71% more than Germany
Female enrolment share > Secondary level 48.4%
Ranked 82nd.
49%
Ranked 73th. 1% more than Germany
Post-Secondary Non-Tertiary > Teachers > Women 15,897
Ranked 4th.
25,000
Ranked 1st. 57% more than Germany

Private school enrolment > Secondary level 7.2
Ranked 56th.
9.6
Ranked 12th. 33% more than Germany
Education enrolment by level > Secondary level per 1000 102.4
Ranked 44th. 23% more than United States
82.94
Ranked 90th.

Outcomes > Tertiary attainment > Tertiary attainment for age group 55-64 22.66%
Ranked 13th.
37.67%
Ranked 1st. 66% more than Germany
Scouting > Members per thousand people 1.37
Ranked 75th.
9.52
Ranked 14th. 7 times more than Germany
Proportion of primary education time spent learning science 10%
Ranked 24th.
14%
Ranked 9th. 40% more than Germany
School life expectancy > Female 15.2 years
Ranked 17th.
15.7 years
Ranked 11th. 3% more than Germany
Universities > Top 50 > Per $ GDP 0.005 per $14.1 billion of GDP
Ranked 12th.
0.024 per $14.1 billion of GDP
Ranked 7th. 5 times more than Germany
Universities > Top 50 1
Ranked 12th.
20
Ranked 1st. 20 times more than Germany
Elementary school repeaters > Male 1.34
Ranked 82nd.
0.0
Ranked 113th.

Elementary school repeaters > Female 1.2
Ranked 80th.
0.0
Ranked 112th.

High school teachers 597,269
Ranked 8th.
1.72 million
Ranked 2nd. 3 times more than Germany

Elementary school teachers 239,761
Ranked 15th.
1.8 million
Ranked 2nd. 8 times more than Germany

Primary teacher salary > After 15 years $36,046.00
Ranked 3rd. 4% more than United States
$34,705.00
Ranked 5th.
Literacy > Adults at moderate literacy level 39.5%
Ranked 4th. 26% more than United States
31.4%
Ranked 13th.
Teacher qualifications > Years experience > Age 13 43.5 years experience
Ranked 3rd. 61% more than United States
27 years experience
Ranked 10th.
Students from households with more than 25 books > Age 13 74%
Ranked 18th.
75%
Ranked 16th. 1% more than Germany
Students from households with computer > Age 13 per million 0.836%
Ranked 22nd. 4 times more than United States
0.188%
Ranked 27th.
Universities > Top 100 per million 0.0243
Ranked 16th.
0.105
Ranked 13th. 4 times more than Germany
Proportion of 15 year-olds in secondary education 98%
Ranked 11th. 8% more than United States
91%
Ranked 23th.
Students from households with study desk > Age 13 92%
Ranked 15th. 6% more than United States
87%
Ranked 21st.
Proportion of 20 year olds in tertiary education 15%
Ranked 22nd.
38%
Ranked 5th. 3 times more than Germany
Participation > Secondary education > Pupils 8.27 million
Ranked 8th.
24.43 million
Ranked 3rd. 3 times more than Germany

Proportion of primary education time spent learning vocational skills 1 5
Universities > Top 200 > Per $ GDP 0.003 per $1 billion of GDP
Ranked 24th.
0.005 per $1 billion of GDP
Ranked 17th. 67% more than Germany
Primary education > Pupils per 1000 40.06
Ranked 163th.
83.88
Ranked 115th. 2 times more than Germany

Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment 98.32
Ranked 92nd.
101.63
Ranked 58th. 3% more than Germany

Students from households with calculator > Age 13 98%
Ranked 2nd. 2% more than United States
96%
Ranked 17th.
Pupils-teacher ratio > Secondary level 15.4
Ranked 75th. 3% more than United States
14.9
Ranked 79th.
Young shorttext readers 11.7%
Ranked 22nd. 6% more than United States
11%
Ranked 24th.
Share of university qualifications awarded to females 46%
Ranked 27th.
57%
Ranked 12th. 24% more than Germany
Research and Development > RandD > Expenditure on RandD > Gross domestic expenditure on RandD per million 0.0309%
Ranked 22nd. 4 times more than United States
0.00874%
Ranked 28th.
Young longtext readers 26.3%
Ranked 8th.
28.4%
Ranked 6th. 8% more than Germany
Proportion of primary education time spent learning foreign languages 16 7
Primary teacher salary > Starting per 1000 $0.36
Ranked 17th. 4 times more than United States
$0.09
Ranked 22nd.
Spending per secondary school student > Per $ GDP $0.00 per student per $1,000
Ranked 18th. 4 times more than United States
$0.00 per student per $1,000
Ranked 21st.
International Mathematical Olympiad > Results for the 2006 IMO > Points 157
Ranked 4th. 2% more than United States
154
Ranked 5th.
Universities > Top 100 > Per $ GDP 0.01 per $14.1 billion of GDP
Ranked 21st.
0.037 per $14.1 billion of GDP
Ranked 15th. 4 times more than Germany
Students from households with more than 25 books > Age 13 per million 0.897%
Ranked 25th. 3 times more than United States
0.261%
Ranked 28th.
Students from households with dictionary > Age 13 96%
Ranked 8th. 1% more than United States
95%
Ranked 17th.
Students living with mother > Age 13 94%
Ranked 14th. 4% more than United States
90%
Ranked 26th.
Students whose mothers have secondary education > Age 13 24% 75%
Expected duration of education for males 17.3 years
Ranked 9th. 7% more than United States
16.2 years
Ranked 18th.
Proportion of 19 year olds in tertiary education 8%
Ranked 23th.
41%
Ranked 3rd. 5 times more than Germany
Proportion of 16 year-olds in secondary education 97%
Ranked 4th. 11% more than United States
87%
Ranked 22nd.
Share of university qualifications awarded to females > First degree 46%
Ranked 27th.
57%
Ranked 12th. 24% more than Germany
Female teachers > Lower secondary 58.7%
Ranked 16th.
60.2%
Ranked 14th. 3% more than Germany
Elementary school graduate rate > Male 95.19
Ranked 27th.
100
Ranked 3rd. 5% more than Germany

Elementary school > Enrolled students > % female 48.61%
Ranked 63th.
48.92%
Ranked 37th. 1% more than Germany

Elementary school teachers > % female 85.2%
Ranked 34th.
85.64%
Ranked 32nd. 1% more than Germany

Participation > Secondary education > Vocational pupils > % female 41.85%
Ranked 56th.
0.0
Ranked 111th.

Participation > Total enrollment > Primary > Male > % net 98.94%
Ranked 17th. 7% more than United States
92.62%
Ranked 60th.

Preschool enrollment rate > Female 108.32
Ranked 7th. 88% more than United States
57.63
Ranked 64th.

Preschool enrollment rate > Male 109.87
Ranked 7th. 89% more than United States
57.98
Ranked 63th.

School enrolment rate > 1st grade > Female 98.54
Ranked 77th.
108.63
Ranked 38th. 10% more than Germany

School enrolment rate > 1st grade > Male 99.7
Ranked 77th.
103.49
Ranked 59th. 4% more than Germany

Participation > School enrollment > Secondary > Female > % net 89.01%
Ranked 5th. The same as United States
88.98%
Ranked 21st.

Literacy and Attainment > Educational attainment: completed tertiary > Tertiary > Population 25+ years > % > Over 24 year olds 25.6%
Ranked 17th.
40.66%
Ranked 3rd. 59% more than Germany
Unemployment with secondary education, male > % of male unemployment 55.6%
Ranked 28th. 48% more than United States
37.6%
Ranked 57th.

Public spending on education, total > % of GDP 5.08%
Ranked 56th.
5.62%
Ranked 41st. 11% more than Germany

Unemployment with primary education, male > % of male unemployment 33.6%
Ranked 45th. 66% more than United States
20.2%
Ranked 66th.

Labor force with tertiary education, male > % of male labor force 29.3%
Ranked 12th.
35%
Ranked 4th. 19% more than Germany

Unemployment with tertiary education, female > % of female unemployment 11.2%
Ranked 69th.
51.9%
Ranked 4th. 5 times more than Germany

Unemployment with tertiary education, male > % of male unemployment 10.6%
Ranked 60th.
42.2%
Ranked 2nd. 4 times more than Germany

School enrollment > Primary > Female > % gross 100.07% gross
Ranked 97th. 3% more than United States
97.55% gross
Ranked 117th.

Primary education > Teachers > % female 82.92% female
Ranked 38th.
88.58% female
Ranked 21st. 7% more than Germany

Proportion of primary education time spent learning arts 10 7
Proportion of primary education time spent in physical education 10 12
Government spending on education > % of GDP 5.08%
Ranked 54th.
5.62%
Ranked 39th. 11% more than Germany

Participation > School enrollment > Primary > Female > % net 98.15%
Ranked 14th. 6% more than United States
92.61%
Ranked 54th.

Government spending on education > % of government spending 9.73%
Ranked 77th.
14.13%
Ranked 35th. 45% more than Germany

Participation > School enrollment > Primary > Female > % gross 104.57%
Ranked 58th. 6% more than United States
99.11%
Ranked 89th.

School enrollment, primary, private > % of total primary 4.34%
Ranked 96th.
8.72%
Ranked 78th. Twice as much as Germany

Primary education, pupils > % female 48.6%
Ranked 67th.
49.01%
Ranked 26th. 1% more than Germany

School enrollment, primary, female > % gross 100.48%
Ranked 84th. 2% more than United States
98.97%
Ranked 97th.

Primary completion rate, total > % of relevant age group 100.37%
Ranked 35th. 3% more than United States
97.83%
Ranked 54th.

Gross intake ratio in first grade of primary education, female > % of relevant age group 98.11%
Ranked 89th.
99.82%
Ranked 86th. 2% more than Germany

Secondary education, general pupils > % female 49.66%
Ranked 74th. 2% more than United States
48.86%
Ranked 96th.

Total enrollment, primary, male > % net 98.53%
Ranked 19th. 7% more than United States
92.27%
Ranked 66th.

Labor force with primary education, female > % of female labor force 14.3%
Ranked 31st. 21% more than United States
11.8%
Ranked 48th.

Labor force with tertiary education > % of total 28.1%
Ranked 24th.
35.7%
Ranked 3rd. 27% more than Germany

Services, etc., value added > Current US$ per capita $25,604.15
Ranked 16th.
$36,945.60
Ranked 5th. 44% more than Germany

Services, etc., value added > Current US$, % of GDP 63.75%
Ranked 29th.
76.79%
Ranked 5th. 20% more than Germany

Secondary education, vocational pupils per 1000 17.82
Ranked 35th.
0.0
Ranked 96th.

Secondary education, teachers, female per 1000 4.27
Ranked 36th. 30% more than United States
3.28
Ranked 51st.

Adjusted savings: education expenditure > % of GNI 4.39%
Ranked 76th.
4.79%
Ranked 59th. 9% more than Germany

Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment > % 107.23%
Ranked 68th.
138.98%
Ranked 35th. 30% more than Germany

Persistence to last grade of primary, total > % of cohort 96.62%
Ranked 31st. 4% more than United States
93.08%
Ranked 58th.

School enrollment, primary > % gross 100.76%
Ranked 92nd. 2% more than United States
98.78%
Ranked 107th.

School enrollment > Secondary > Female > % gross 99.43% gross
Ranked 30th. 4% more than United States
95.47% gross
Ranked 47th.

School enrollment, primary, male > % net 97.55%
Ranked 20th. 7% more than United States
91.29%
Ranked 62nd.

Persistence to last grade of primary, female > % of cohort 96.96%
Ranked 28th. 10% more than United States
87.88%
Ranked 62nd.

Repeaters, primary, male > % of male enrollment 0.528%
Ranked 96th.
0.0
Ranked 136th.

Expected duration of education for females 17 years
Ranked 13th.
17.1 years
Ranked 12th. 1% more than Germany
Proportion of primary education time spent learning mathematics 13%
Ranked 16th.
16%
Ranked 3rd. 23% more than Germany
Proportion of 19 year olds in secondary education 41%
Ranked 5th. 7 times more than United States
6%
Ranked 26th.
Proportion of 20 year olds in secondary education 20%
Ranked 8th. 10 times more than United States
2%
Ranked 25th.
School enrollment, secondary, female > % gross 99.13%
Ranked 38th. 6% more than United States
93.76%
Ranked 61st.

SOURCES: UNESCO; UNESCO Institute for Statistics; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeschooling_international_status_and_statistics; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; World Development Indicators database; Source: UNESCO UIS Data | UNESCO Institute for Statistics; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; World Bank staff estimates using data from the United Nations Statistics Division's Statistical Yearbook, and the UNESCO Institute for Statistics online database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute of Statistics; Wikipedia: List of countries by student performance (Reading); UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; OECD; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; Source: UNESCO UIS Data | UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. 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