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Education Stats: compare key data on Australia & United States

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Definitions

  • Average years of schooling of adults: Average years of schooling of adults is the years of formal schooling received, on average, by adults over age 15. (Data Source: Barro-Lee Data Set www.worldbank.org/html/prdmg/grthweb/ddbarle2.htm)
  • Children out of school, primary: Children out of school, primary. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Total is the total number of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
  • Children out of school, primary per 1000: Children out of school, primary. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Total is the total number of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Children out of school, primary, female: Children out of school, primary, female. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Female is the total number of female primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
  • College and university > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index for college and university enrollment. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled.
  • College and university > Share of total education spending: Percentage of government education funding that goes to post-secondary education.
  • Compulsary education duration: Number of years students are required to be enrolled in school for all levels of education. For instance, compulsary education lasts for 12 years in the United States.
  • Government spending on education > Proportion of GDP: Percentage of public funding for education out of country's total GDP.
  • Homeschooling legal status: Legal status of homeschooling.
  • Literacy > Female: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
  • Literacy > Total population: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
  • Primary education, duration > Years: Primary education, duration (years). Duration of primary is the number of grades (years) in primary education.
  • Primary education, teachers per 1000: Primary education, teachers. Teaching staff in primary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Pupil-teacher ratio, primary: Pupil-teacher ratio, primary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Primary is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers.
  • Secondary education, duration > Years: Secondary education, duration (years). Duration of secondary education is the number of grades (years) in secondary education (ISCED 2 & 3).
  • Children out of school, primary, female per 1000: Children out of school, primary, female. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Female is the total number of female primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • College and university > Gender ratio: Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment is the percentage of men to women enrolled at tertiary level in public and private schools.
  • Child care (preschool) > Duration: Number of years students study at the pre-primary (preschool) level. It should be noted that not all countries require pre-primary education.
  • Secondary education > Teachers > Per capita: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Duration of compulsory education: Duration of compulsory education is the number of grades (or years) that a child must legally be enrolled in school.
  • Secondary education, pupils: Secondary education, pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled at public and private secondary education institutions.
  • College and university > Private school share: Percentage of post-secondary students who attend a private school, college, or university.
  • School life expectancy > Total: School life expectancy and transition from primary to secondary for school years 1998/99 and 1999/00, published in http://www.uis.unesco.org accessed on Sept. 2002 and Women's Indicators and Statistics Database (Wistat), Version 4, CD-ROM (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.00.XVII.4) based on data provided by UNESCO in 1999.
  • Primary education, pupils: Primary education, pupils. Enrolment in primary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in public and private primary education institutions.
  • Primary education, teachers: Primary education, teachers. Teaching staff in primary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
  • Tertiary enrollment: Gross enrolment ratio, tertiary level is the sum of all tertiary level students enrolled at the start of the school year, expressed as a percentage of the mid-year population in the 5 year age group after the official secondary school leaving age.
  • Spending per student > College and university: Public expenditure per student is the public current spending on education divided by the total number of students by level, as a percentage of GDP per capita. Public expenditure (current and capital) includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities)."
  • High school > Gender ratio: Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
  • Compulsary education starting age: Age at which children must be enrolled in school.
  • Literacy > Definition: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
  • High school > Upper secondary school duration: Number of years students study at the upper secondary (high school) level.
  • Literacy > Male: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
  • Spending > USD: Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment."
  • High school > Private school share: Percentage of secondary students who attend a private school.
  • Spending > Proportion: Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment. Expressed as a proportion of GNI."
  • Pupil-teacher ratio > Primary: Primary school pupil-teacher ratio is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers (regardless of their teaching assignment).
  • Child care (preschool) > Starting age: Average age at which students begin pre-primary (preschool) education.
  • Preschool enrollment rate: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music."
  • Tertiary > Students studying abroad: Total number of post-secondary students who were studying abroad during given year.
  • Teachers as percentage of labor force: The percentage share of the total labor force who are classroom, academic staff, and other teachers. Data for 1999.
  • Literacy > Reading performance > Overall: Overall.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Elementary (primary school) > Duration: Number of years students study at the primary level.
  • Children out of school > Primary: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school.
  • Secondary education, teachers per 1000: Secondary education, teachers. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Secondary education, teachers: Secondary education, teachers. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
  • Mathematical literacy: Mathematical literacy mean value of performance scale 15 years old 2000
  • High school > Lower secondary school duration: Number of years students study at the lower secondary (middle school) level.
  • Children out of school, primary, male per 1000: Children out of school, primary, male. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Male is the total number of male primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Scientific literacy: Scientific literacy mean value of performance scale 15 years old (2000)
  • Spending per student > High school: Public expenditure per student is the public current spending on education divided by the total number of students by level, as a percentage of GDP per capita. Public expenditure (current and capital) includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities)."
  • Secondary education, general pupils: Secondary education, general pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. General programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in general programmes at public and private secondary education institutions.
  • Reading literacy: Reading literacy mean value of performance scale (15 years old, 2000)
  • High school > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index for secondary level enrollment. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled.
  • Literacy > Reading performance > Overall reading skills: Overall.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Scientific and technical journal articles: Scientific and technical journal articles refer to the number of scientific and engineering articles published in the following fields: physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, clinical medicine, biomedical research, engineering and technology, and earth and space sciences.
  • Literacy > Reading performance > Access and retrieve: Access and retrieve.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Tertiary > Students studying abroad proportion: The number of students from a given country studying abroad in a given year, expressed as a percentage of total tertiary enrollment in that country. Ratios greater than 100 % are possible, because those currently studying abroad do not count towards total enrollment.
  • Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Scouting > Genders admitted: Admits boys/girls.
  • Elementary (primary school) > Starting age: Average age at which students begin primary education.
  • International Baccalaureate schools: Number of schools of any level teaching the curriculum of the International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO).
  • Children out of school, primary, male: Children out of school, primary, male. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Male is the total number of male primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
  • Secondary education > General pupils: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training.
  • Spending per student > Elementary school: Public expenditure per student is the public current spending on education divided by the total number of students by level, as a percentage of GDP per capita. Public expenditure (current and capital) includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities)."
  • Secondary school starting age > Years: Secondary school starting age (years). Entrance age of 2A lower secondary is the age at which students would enter lower secondary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade.
  • High school starting age > Years: Secondary school starting age is the age at which students would enter secondary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade."
  • Primary education > Teachers > Per capita: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Educational attainment > Tertiary: Percentage of adult population (aged 25-64) educated till tertiary level (year 2000).
  • High school > Population with at least high school education > Women: Population with at least high school education > Women.
  • Schools connected to the Internet: Schools connected to the Internet are the share of primary and secondary schools in the country that have access to the Internet.
  • Public spending per student > Primary level: Public expenditure per student, primary level is the total reported current spending by the government on primary education, divided by the total number of pupils in primary education, expressed as a percentage of per capita GDP.
  • Primary education, pupils per 1000: Primary education, pupils. Enrolment in primary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in public and private primary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Secondary education, pupils per 1000: Secondary education, pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled at public and private secondary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Universities > Top 100: Number of universities in the top 100
  • Student attitude > Dislike of school: Percentage of schoolgoing children who do not like going to school (2000).
  • Tertiary > Students studying abroad per thousand people: Total number of post-secondary students who were studying abroad during given year. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
  • Outcomes > Secondary education > Duration > Years: Secondary education, duration (years) is the number of grades (years) in secondary school."
  • Teacher student ratio > High school: Secondary school pupil-teacher ratio is the number of pupils enrolled in secondary school divided by the number of secondary school teachers (regardless of their teaching assignment).
  • Children out of school > Primary per 1000: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Inequality adjusted index: Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index.
  • Teacher student ratio > Elementary school: Primary school pupil-teacher ratio is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers (regardless of their teaching assignment).
  • Proportion of education spending on teachers' salaries: Percentage of public education funding for all levels that goes to teachers' salaries.
  • Elementary school > Enrolled students: Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
  • Primary education > Duration > Years: Primary duration refers to the number of years of full-time equivalent duration in primary education in the school system according to ISCED.
  • Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$ per capita: Services, etc., value added (constant 2000 US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • School enrolment rate > 1st grade: Gross intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the official primary entrance age."
  • Secondary education, general pupils per 1000: Secondary education, general pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. General programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in general programmes at public and private secondary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Literacy > Reading performance > Integrate and interpret: Integrate and interpret.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Elementary (primary) school) > Private school share: Percentage of primary students who attend a private school.
  • High school > Lower secondary starting age: Average age at which students begin lower secondary (middle school) education.
  • Elementary school > Gender ratio: Ratio of female to male primary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
  • Duration of education > Secondary level: Duration of secondary education is the number of grades (or years) in general secondary education.
  • Public spending per student > Tertiary level: Public expenditure per student, tertiary level is the total reported current spending by the government on tertiary education, divided by the total number of pupils in tertiary education, expressed as a percentage of per capita GDP.
  • Primary education > Pupils: Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
  • High school > Population with at least high school education > Men: Gender Inequality Index.
  • Education enrolment by level > Secondary level > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Secondary education, vocational pupils: Secondary education, vocational pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. Technical/vocational programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in technical/vocational programmes at public and private secondary education institutions.
  • Elementary (primary) school > Students per teacher: Number of students per teacher for primary education.
  • Spending on education > Proportion spent on all staff salaries: Percentage of public funding for education that goes to school staff salaries.
  • Secondary education > Teachers: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
  • School enrolment rate > 5th grade: Persistence to grade 5 (percentage of cohort reaching grade 5) is the share of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach grade 5. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.
  • Spending per secondary school student: Secondary school spending per pupil in 1998, converted into US dollars by purchasing power parity.
  • Scientific and technical journal articles per million: Scientific and technical journal articles refer to the number of scientific and engineering articles published in the following fields: physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, clinical medicine, biomedical research, engineering and technology, and earth and space sciences. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Literacy > Reading performance > Non-continuous texts: Non-continuous texts.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Literacy > Reading performance > Continuous texts: Continuous texts.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Duration of education > Primary level: Duration of primary education is the number of grades (or years) in primary education.
  • Literacy > Adults at low literacy level: Percentage of adults whose level of document literacy is rated 'low'. Data for 1998
  • Expected duration of education for all students: Expected years of schooling for a 5-year-old under current conditions, excluding education for children under 5. Data for 2000.
  • Participation > Children out of school > Elementary: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school.
  • Participation > Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education: Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary and secondary levels in public and private schools.
  • Public spending per student > Secondary level: Public expenditure per student, secondary level is the total reported current spending by the government on secondary education, divided by the total number of pupils in secondary education, expressed as a percentage of per capita GDP.
  • Children out of school > Primary > Per capita: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Educational attainment > Senior secondary: Percentage of adult population (aged 25-64) educated till senior secondary level (year 2000).
  • Literacy > Reading performance > Reflect and evaluate: Reflect and evaluate.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • High school > Upper secondary starting age: Average age at which students begin upper secondary (high school) education.
  • Elementary school starting age > Years: Primary school starting age is the age at which students would enter primary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade."
  • Student attitude > Find school boring: Percentage of students who do find school boring (2000).
  • School life expectancy > Male: School life expectancy and transition from primary to secondary for school years 1998/99 and 1999/00, published in http://www.uis.unesco.org accessed on Sept. 2002 and Women's Indicators and Statistics Database (Wistat), Version 4, CD-ROM (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.00.XVII.4) based on data provided by UNESCO in 1999.
  • Universities > Top 200: Number of universities in the top 200
  • Literacy > Adults at high literacy level: Percentage of adults whose level of document literacy is rated 'high'. Data for 1998.
  • Secondary education > General pupils > Per capita: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Education enrolment by level > Primary level per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Education enrolment by level > Primary level > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
  • Primary teacher salary > Starting: Annual statutory teachers' salaries in public institutions in primary education, in equivalent US dollars converted using PPPs. Data for 1999.
  • Research and Development > RandD > Investment in knowledge > Investment in knowledge per million: Investment in knowledge is defined and calculated as the sum of expenditure on R&D, on total higher education (public and private) and on software. Simple summation of the three components would lead to overestimation of the investment in knowledge owing to overlaps (R&D and software, R&D and education, software and education). Therefore, data reported here have been adjusted to exclude the overlaps between components.

    Note that as the term is used here, "investment” has a broader connotation than its usual meaning in economic statistics. It includes current expenditures, such as on education and R&D, as well as capital outlays, such as purchases of software and construction of school buildings. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Research and Development > RandD > Expenditure on RandD > Gross domestic expenditure on RandD: Research and development (R&D) comprise creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications. R&D is a term covering three activities: basic research, applied research, and experimental development. Basic research is experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge of the underlying foundation of phenomena and observable facts, without any particular application or use in view. Applied research is also original investigation undertaken in order to acquire new knowledge. It is, however, directed primarily towards a specific practical aim or objective. Experimental development is systematic work, drawing on existing knowledge gained from research and/or practical experience, which is directed to producing new materials, products or devices, to installing new processes, systems and services, or to improving substantially those already produced or installed.

    The main aggregate used for international comparisons is gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD). This consists of the total expenditure (current and capital) on R&D by all resident companies, research institutes, university and government laboratories, etc. It excludes R&D expenditures financed by domestic firms but performed abroad.
  • Pupils-teacher ratio > Primary level: Pupil-teacher ratio, primary level is the average number of pupils per teacher in primary education. Cross-country comparisons may be affected by such factors as the composition of teachers by part- and full-time employment.
  • Primary education > Teachers: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
  • Expenditure on education > Change in expenditure on education > Expenditure in tertiary education: The indicator shows direct public and private expenditure on educational institutions in relation to the number of full-time equivalent students enrolled in these institutions. Public subsidies for students’ living expenses have been excluded to ensure international comparability of the data.

    Expenditure on education per student is obtained by dividing the total expenditure on educational institutions by the number of full-time equivalents students. Only those educational institutions and programmes are taken into account for which both enrolment and expenditure data are available.
  • Private school enrolment > Primary level: Private sector enrolment share, primary level is the share of primary school pupils who attend a privately managed school, regardless of whether or not the school receives subsidies from the government.
  • Outcomes > Primary education > Duration > Years: Primary duration refers to the number of years of full-time equivalent duration in primary education in the school system according to ISCED.
  • Literacy > Adults with at least moderate literacy: Percentage of adult females who have at least a moderate level of literacy, in selected OECD countries. Data for 1998.
  • Educational attainment > Junior secondary: Percentage of adult population (aged 25-64) educated till junior secondary level (year 2000).
  • Primary education > Teachers per 1000: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Children out of school > Primary > Female > Per capita: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Female enrolment share > Primary level: Girls' enrolment share, primary level is the number of girls enrolled in primary school, expressed as a percentage of the total number of pupils in primary school.
  • Research and Development > RandD > Investment in knowledge > Investment in knowledge: Investment in knowledge is defined and calculated as the sum of expenditure on R&D, on total higher education (public and private) and on software. Simple summation of the three components would lead to overestimation of the investment in knowledge owing to overlaps (R&D and software, R&D and education, software and education). Therefore, data reported here have been adjusted to exclude the overlaps between components.

    Note that as the term is used here, "investment” has a broader connotation than its usual meaning in economic statistics. It includes current expenditures, such as on education and R&D, as well as capital outlays, such as purchases of software and construction of school buildings.
  • Student attitude > Report class disorder: Percentage of students who report high noise level and disorder in classes (2000).
  • Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$: Services, etc., value added (constant 2000 US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars.
  • Universities > Top 50 per million: Number of universities in the top 50. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Universities > Top 200 per million: Number of universities in the top 200. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Proportion of primary education time spent learning technology: Intended instruction time spent studying technology, as a percentage of total intended instruction time for students 12 to 14 years of age. Data for 1999.
  • Primary school starting age > Years: Primary school starting age (years). Entrance age of primary is the age at which students would enter primary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade.
  • Scouting > Members: Members of boy or girl scout groups which are members of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM).
  • High school > Share of total education spending: Percentage of government education funding that goes to secondary education.
  • High school> Proportion of education spending on teachers' salaries: Percentage of public funding for secondary education that goes to teachers' salaries.
  • Elementary (primary) school > Proportion of education spending on teachers' salaries: Percentage of public funding for primary education that goes to teachers' salaries.
  • Elementary (primary) school) > Proportion spent on all staff salaries: Percentage of public funding for primary education that goes to school staff salaries.
  • Enrolment ratio > Secondary level: Net enrolment ratio, secondary level, is the ratio of the number of children of official secondary school age enrolled in school to the number of children of official secondary school age in the population.
  • Participation > Secondary education > General pupils: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training."
  • Secondary education > Teachers per 1000: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Ratio of female to male primary enrollment: Ratio of female to male primary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
  • Secondary education > General pupils per 1000: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Children out of school > Primary > Male: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school.
  • Elementary (primary) school > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index in primary, or elementary, school. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled. 
  • Spending per primary school student: Primary school spending per pupil in 1998, converted into US dollars by purchasing power parity.
  • Female enrolment share > Secondary level: Girls' enrolment share, secondary level is the number of girls enrolled in secondary school, expressed as a percentage of the total number of pupils in secondary school.
  • Private school enrolment > Secondary level: Private sector enrolment share, secondary level is the share of students in general secondary education who attend a privately managed school, regardless of whether or not the school receives subsidies from the government.
  • Education enrolment by level > Secondary level per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Scouting > Members per thousand people: Membership (from 2012). Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
  • Outcomes > Tertiary attainment > Tertiary attainment for age group 55-64: For each age group shown, those who have completed tertiary education are shown as a percentage of all persons in that age group. Tertiary education includes both tertiary-type "A programmes”, which are largely theoretically-based and designed to provide qualifications for entry to advanced research programmes and professions with high skill requirements, as well as tertiary-type "B programmes” which are classified at the same level of competencies as tertiary-type A programmes but are more occupationally-oriented and lead to direct labour market access. The tertiary attainment profiles are based on the percentage of the population aged 25 to 64 that has completed that level of education.
  • Proportion of primary education time spent learning science: Intended instruction time spent studying science, as a percentage of total intended instruction time for students 12 to 14 years of age. Data for 1999.
  • School life expectancy > Female: School life expectancy and transition from primary to secondary for school years 1998/99 and 1999/00, published in http://www.uis.unesco.org accessed on Sept. 2002 and Women's Indicators and Statistics Database (Wistat), Version 4, CD-ROM (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.00.XVII.4) based on data provided by UNESCO in 1999.
  • Universities > Top 50: Number of universities in the top 50
  • Universities > Top 50 > Per $ GDP: Number of universities in the top 50 Per $ GDP figures expressed per 14.1 billion $ gross domestic product.
  • Children out of school > Primary > Male > Per capita: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • High school teachers: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
  • Elementary school teachers: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
  • Primary teacher salary > After 15 years: Annual statutory teachers' salaries in public institutions in primary education, in equivalent US dollars converted using PPPs. Data for 1999.
  • Literacy > Adults at moderate literacy level: Percentage of adults whose level of document literacy is rated 'moderate'. Data for 1998.
  • Universities > Top 100 per million: Number of universities in the top 100. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Proportion of 15 year-olds in secondary education: Percentage share of 15 year-olds enrolled in secondary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
  • Proportion of 20 year olds in tertiary education: Percentage share of 20 year-olds enrolled in tertiary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
  • Participation > Secondary education > Pupils: Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
  • Proportion of primary education time spent learning vocational skills: Intended instruction time spent studying vocational skills, as a percentage of total intended instruction time for students 12 to 14 years of age. Data for 1999.
  • Universities > Top 200 > Per $ GDP: Number of universities in the top 200 Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1 billion $ gross domestic product.
  • Primary education > Pupils per 1000: Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment: Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
  • Young longtext readers: Share of 15-year-olds who are frequent longtext readers(2000)
  • Research and Development > RandD > Expenditure on RandD > Gross domestic expenditure on RandD per million: Research and development (R&D) comprise creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications. R&D is a term covering three activities: basic research, applied research, and experimental development. Basic research is experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge of the underlying foundation of phenomena and observable facts, without any particular application or use in view. Applied research is also original investigation undertaken in order to acquire new knowledge. It is, however, directed primarily towards a specific practical aim or objective. Experimental development is systematic work, drawing on existing knowledge gained from research and/or practical experience, which is directed to producing new materials, products or devices, to installing new processes, systems and services, or to improving substantially those already produced or installed.

    The main aggregate used for international comparisons is gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD). This consists of the total expenditure (current and capital) on R&D by all resident companies, research institutes, university and government laboratories, etc. It excludes R&D expenditures financed by domestic firms but performed abroad. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Share of university qualifications awarded to females: Percentage share of tertiary level A qualifications as first degree awarded to females. Data for 2000.
  • Young shorttext readers: Share of 15-year-olds who are frequent shorttext (particularly comics) readers (2000)
  • Primary teacher salary > Starting per 1000: Annual statutory teachers' salaries in public institutions in primary education, in equivalent US dollars converted using PPPs. Data for 1999. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Proportion of primary education time spent learning foreign languages: Intended instruction time spent studying modern foreign languages, as a percentage of total intended instruction time for students 12 to 14 years of age. Data for 1999.
  • Spending per secondary school student > Per $ GDP: Secondary school spending per pupil in 1998, converted into US dollars by purchasing power parity. Per $ GDP figures expressed per $1,000 of Gross Domestic Product.
  • Universities > Top 100 > Per $ GDP: Number of universities in the top 100 Per $ GDP figures expressed per 14.1 billion $ gross domestic product.
  • Expected duration of education for males: Expected years of schooling for a male 5-year-old under current conditions, excluding education for children under 5. Data for 2000.
  • Proportion of 16 year-olds in secondary education: Percentage share of 16 year-olds enrolled in secondary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
  • Proportion of 19 year olds in tertiary education: Percentage share of 19 year-olds enrolled in tertiary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
  • Share of university qualifications awarded to females > First degree: Percentage share of tertiary level A qualifications as first degree awarded to females. Data for 2000.
  • Preschool enrollment rate > Female: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Preprimary education refers to the initial stage of organized instruction, designed primarily to introduce very young children to a school-type environment."
  • Preschool enrollment rate > Male: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Preprimary education refers to the initial stage of organized instruction, designed primarily to introduce very young children to a school-type environment."
  • School enrolment rate > 1st grade > Female: Gross intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the official primary entrance age."
  • School enrolment rate > 1st grade > Male: Gross intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the official primary entrance age."
  • School enrolment rate > 5th grade > Female: Persistence to grade 5 (percentage of cohort reaching grade 5) is the share of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach grade 5. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.
  • School enrolment rate > 5th grade > Male: Persistence to grade 5 (percentage of cohort reaching grade 5) is the share of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach grade 5. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.
  • Participation > School enrollment > Secondary > Female > % net: Net enrollment ratio is the ratio of children of official school age based on the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers."
  • Primary teacher salary per hour > After 15 years: Annual statutory teachers' salaries in public institutions in primary level education, per hour after 15 years experience and typical training. Expressed in equivalent US dollars converted using Purchasing Power Parities (PPP's). Data for 1999.
  • Literacy and Attainment > Educational attainment: completed tertiary > Tertiary > Population 25+ years > % > Over 24 year olds: Percentage of population older than 24 years that has completed tertiary education.
  • Unemployment with secondary education, male > % of male unemployment: Unemployment with secondary education, male (% of male unemployment). Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
  • Unemployment with primary education, male > % of male unemployment: Unemployment with primary education, male (% of male unemployment). Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
  • Labor force with tertiary education, male > % of male labor force: Labor force with tertiary education, male (% of male labor force). Labor force with tertiary education is the proportion of labor force that has a tertiary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
  • Unemployment with tertiary education, female > % of female unemployment: Unemployment with tertiary education, female (% of female unemployment). Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
  • Unemployment with tertiary education, male > % of male unemployment: Unemployment with tertiary education, male (% of male unemployment). Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
  • School enrollment > Primary > Female > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
  • Primary education > Teachers > % female: Female teachers as a percentage of total primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
  • Proportion of primary education time spent learning arts: Intended instruction time spent studying arts, as a percentage of total intended instruction time for students 12 to 14 years of age. Data for 1999.
  • Proportion of 17 year olds in secondary education: Percentage share of 17 year-olds enrolled in secondary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
  • Participation > School enrollment > Primary > Female > % net: Net enrollment ratio is the ratio of children of official school age based on the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music."
  • Government spending on education > % of government spending: Public expenditure on education consists of current and capital public expenditure on education includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities)."
  • Participation > School enrollment > Primary > Female > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music."
  • Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education > %: Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education (%). Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary and secondary levels in public and private schools.
  • School enrollment, preprimary, female > % gross: School enrollment, preprimary, female (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Pre-primary. Female is the total female enrollment in pre-primary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total female population of official pre-primary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
  • School enrollment, preprimary, male > % gross: School enrollment, preprimary, male (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Pre-primary. Male is the total male enrollment in pre-primary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total male population of official pre-primary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
  • Secondary education, pupils > % female: Secondary education, pupils (% female). Percentage of female students. Total secondary. All programmes is the number of female students enrolled in all secondary education programmes expressed as a percentage of the total number of students (male and female) enrolled at the secondary education level in a given school year.
  • Expenditure per student, primary > % of GDP per capita: Expenditure per student, primary (% of GDP per capita). Public expenditure per pupil as a % of GDP per capita. Primary is the total public expenditure per student in primary education as a percentage of GDP per capita. Public expenditure (current and capital) includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities).
  • Adjusted savings: education expenditure > % of GNI: Adjusted savings: education expenditure (% of GNI). Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment.
  • School enrollment > Secondary > Female > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.
  • School enrollment, primary, male > % net: School enrollment, primary, male (% net). Net enrolment rate. Primary. Male is the ratio of male children of the official primary school age who are enrolled in primary school to the male population of the official primary school age.
  • Expected duration of education for females: Expected years of schooling for a female 5-year-old under current conditions, excluding education for children under 5. Data for 2000.
  • Proportion of primary education time spent learning mathematics: Intended instruction time spent practicing mathematics, as a percentage of total intended instruction time for students 12 to 14 years of age. Data for 1999.
  • Proportion of 19 year olds in secondary education: Percentage share of 19 year-olds enrolled in secondary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
  • Proportion of 20 year olds in secondary education: Percentage share of 20 year-olds enrolled in secondary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
  • School enrollment, secondary, female > % gross: School enrollment, secondary, female (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Secondary. All programmes. Female is the total female enrollment in secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the female population of official secondary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
  • School enrollment, secondary, male > % net: School enrollment, secondary, male (% net). Net enrolment rate. Secondary. All programmes. Male is the ratio of male children of the official secondary school age who are enrolled in secondary school to the male population of the official secondary school age.
  • Secondary education, teachers, female: Secondary education, teachers, female. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Female is the total number of female teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
  • School enrollment, tertiary, male > % gross: School enrollment, tertiary, male (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Tertiary (ISCED 5 and 6). Male is the total male enrollment in tertiary education (ISCED 5 and 6), regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total male population of the five-year age group following on from secondary school leaving.
STAT Australia United States HISTORY
Average years of schooling of adults 10.9
Ranked 6th.
12
Ranked 1st. 10% more than Australia
Children out of school, primary 68,417
Ranked 39th.
1.76 million
Ranked 3rd. 26 times more than Australia

Children out of school, primary per 1000 3.06
Ranked 68th.
5.64
Ranked 47th. 84% more than Australia

Children out of school, primary, female 29,573
Ranked 39th.
780,465
Ranked 3rd. 26 times more than Australia

College and university > Gender parity index 1.35
Ranked 39th.
1.41
Ranked 33th. 4% more than Australia

College and university > Share of total education spending 22.28%
Ranked 42nd.
25.65%
Ranked 26th. 15% more than Australia

Compulsary education duration 11
Ranked 41st.
12
Ranked 14th. 9% more than Australia

Government spending on education > Proportion of GDP 5.59%
Ranked 41st.
5.62%
Ranked 39th. 1% more than Australia

Homeschooling legal status Legal as alternative to the mandatory public school system. Legal under regulating conditions, varies by state.
Literacy > Female 99%
Ranked 24th. The same as United States
99%
Ranked 17th.

Literacy > Total population 99%
Ranked 25th. The same as United States
99%
Ranked 20th.

Primary education, duration > Years 7
Ranked 20th. 17% more than United States
6
Ranked 53th.

Primary education, teachers per 1000 5.57
Ranked 46th. 2% more than United States
5.49
Ranked 49th.

Pupil-teacher ratio, primary 17.88
Ranked 118th. 25% more than United States
14.29
Ranked 98th.

Secondary education, duration > Years 6
Ranked 144th. The same as United States
6
Ranked 102nd.

Children out of school, primary, female per 1000 1.32
Ranked 67th.
2.5
Ranked 48th. 89% more than Australia

College and university > Gender ratio 129.51
Ranked 38th.
140.06
Ranked 29th. 8% more than Australia

Child care (preschool) > Duration 1
Ranked 201st.
3
Ranked 47th. 3 times more than Australia

Secondary education > Teachers > Per capita 6.42 per 1,000 people
Ranked 33th. 17% more than United States
5.5 per 1,000 people
Ranked 65th.

Duration of compulsory education 11 years
Ranked 29th.
12 years
Ranked 10th. 9% more than Australia
Secondary education, pupils 2.33 million
Ranked 32nd.
24.21 million
Ranked 4th. 10 times more than Australia

College and university > Private school share 8.79%
Ranked 92nd.
27.95%
Ranked 46th. 3 times more than Australia

Girls to boys ratio > Primary level enrolment 0.99
Ranked 53th. The same as United States
0.99
Ranked 49th.

School life expectancy > Total 16.6 years
Ranked 3rd. 9% more than United States
15.2 years
Ranked 14th.
Primary education, pupils 2.04 million
Ranked 48th.
24.43 million
Ranked 5th. 12 times more than Australia

Primary education, teachers 105,469
Ranked 36th.
1.71 million
Ranked 5th. 16 times more than Australia

Tertiary enrollment 63.3%
Ranked 6th.
72.6%
Ranked 1st. 15% more than Australia
Spending per student > College and university 21.04
Ranked 40th.
22.04
Ranked 37th. 5% more than Australia

High school > Gender ratio 95.35
Ranked 82nd.
99.5
Ranked 59th. 4% more than Australia

Compulsary education starting age 5
Ranked 172nd.
6
Ranked 66th. 20% more than Australia

Literacy > Definition age 15 and over can read and write age 15 and over can read and write
High school > Upper secondary school duration 2
Ranked 188th.
3
Ranked 73th. 50% more than Australia

Literacy > Male 99%
Ranked 34th. The same as United States
99%
Ranked 28th.

Spending > USD 49.45 billion
Ranked 13th.
684.04 billion
Ranked 1st. 14 times more than Australia

High school > Private school share 35.24%
Ranked 16th. 4 times more than United States
8.27%
Ranked 86th.

Spending > Proportion 5.11
Ranked 46th. 7% more than United States
4.79
Ranked 54th.

Pupil-teacher ratio > Primary 17.88
Ranked 114th. 26% more than United States
14.21
Ranked 120th.

Child care (preschool) > Starting age 4
Ranked 50th. 33% more than United States
3
Ranked 103th.

Preschool enrollment rate 105.52
Ranked 60th. 7% more than United States
98.77
Ranked 94th.

Tertiary > Students studying abroad 10,829.8
Ranked 75th.
56,943.33
Ranked 6th. 5 times more than Australia

Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level 1.01 million
Ranked 23th.
16.61 million
Ranked 1st. 16 times more than Australia

Teachers as percentage of labor force 3.7%
Ranked 23th.
4.2%
Ranked 17th. 14% more than Australia
Literacy > Reading performance > Overall 515
Ranked 7th. 3% more than United States
500
Ranked 15th.
Elementary (primary school) > Duration 7
Ranked 24th. 17% more than United States
6
Ranked 59th.

Children out of school > Primary 77,047
Ranked 37th.
1.62 million
Ranked 2nd. 21 times more than Australia

Secondary education, teachers per 1000 5.95
Ranked 28th. 11% more than United States
5.36
Ranked 56th.

Secondary education, teachers 104,110
Ranked 23th.
1.67 million
Ranked 4th. 16 times more than Australia

Mathematical literacy 533
Ranked 6th. 8% more than United States
493
Ranked 18th.
High school > Lower secondary school duration 4
Ranked 60th. 33% more than United States
3
Ranked 105th.

Children out of school, primary, male per 1000 1.74
Ranked 61st.
3.14
Ranked 43th. 80% more than Australia

Scientific literacy 528
Ranked 7th. 6% more than United States
499
Ranked 14th.
Spending per student > High school 15.11
Ranked 47th.
24.56
Ranked 18th. 63% more than Australia

Secondary education, general pupils 1.54 million
Ranked 35th.
24.21 million
Ranked 3rd. 16 times more than Australia

Reading literacy 528
Ranked 4th. 5% more than United States
504
Ranked 15th.
High school > Gender parity index 0.951
Ranked 109th.
1.01
Ranked 68th. 6% more than Australia

Literacy > Reading performance > Overall reading skills 515
Ranked 7th. 3% more than United States
500
Ranked 15th.
Scientific and technical journal articles 15,809
Ranked 10th.
211,233
Ranked 1st. 13 times more than Australia

Literacy > Reading performance > Access and retrieve 513
Ranked 9th. 4% more than United States
492
Ranked 25th.
Tertiary > Students studying abroad proportion 0.818%
Ranked 118th. 3 times more than United States
0.271%
Ranked 124th.

Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level per 1000 51.51
Ranked 9th.
57.75
Ranked 4th. 12% more than Australia

Scouting > Genders admitted both both for Venturing, boys only for non-Venturing
Elementary (primary school) > Starting age 5
Ranked 205th.
6
Ranked 77th. 20% more than Australia

Education expenditure of government > As percentage of total government 13.3%
Ranked 56th.
15.3%
Ranked 38th. 15% more than Australia

International Baccalaureate schools 151
Ranked 4th.
1,489
Ranked 1st. 10 times more than Australia
Children out of school, primary, male 38,844
Ranked 37th.
976,866
Ranked 3rd. 25 times more than Australia

Education expenditure of government > As percentage of GNI 4.9%
Ranked 52nd.
5.9%
Ranked 23th. 20% more than Australia

Secondary education > General pupils 1.45 million
Ranked 40th.
24.19 million
Ranked 3rd. 17 times more than Australia

Spending per student > Elementary school 17.08
Ranked 34th.
22.35
Ranked 18th. 31% more than Australia

Secondary school starting age > Years 12
Ranked 110th. The same as United States
12
Ranked 59th.

High school starting age > Years 12
Ranked 102nd. The same as United States
12
Ranked 55th.

Primary education > Teachers > Per capita 5.57 per 1,000 people
Ranked 40th.
5.88 per 1,000 people
Ranked 44th. 6% more than Australia

Educational attainment > Tertiary 29%
Ranked 7th.
37%
Ranked 2nd. 28% more than Australia
Education enrolment by level > Primary level 1.93 million
Ranked 57th.
24.85 million
Ranked 4th. 13 times more than Australia

High school > Population with at least high school education > Women 92.2%
Ranked 21st.
94.7%
Ranked 14th. 3% more than Australia

Schools connected to the Internet 97%
Ranked 9th.
100%
Ranked 2nd. 3% more than Australia

Public spending per student > Primary level 15.9
Ranked 9th.
17.9
Ranked 21st. 13% more than Australia
Primary education, pupils per 1000 91.48
Ranked 85th. 17% more than United States
78.41
Ranked 97th.

Secondary education, pupils per 1000 104.3
Ranked 25th. 34% more than United States
77.71
Ranked 76th.

Girls to boys ratio > Tertiary level enrolment 1.25
Ranked 37th.
1.4
Ranked 22nd. 12% more than Australia

Girls to boys ratio > Secondary level enrolment 0.95
Ranked 97th.
1.02
Ranked 54th. 7% more than Australia

Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level > Per capita 51.54 per 1,000 people
Ranked 9th.
57.61 per 1,000 people
Ranked 4th. 12% more than Australia

Universities > Top 100 12
Ranked 3rd.
31
Ranked 1st. 3 times more than Australia
Student attitude > Dislike of school 34%
Ranked 6th.
35%
Ranked 5th. 3% more than Australia
Tertiary > Students studying abroad per thousand people 0.485
Ranked 144th. 3 times more than United States
0.183
Ranked 178th.

Outcomes > Secondary education > Duration > Years 6
Ranked 128th. The same as United States
6
Ranked 86th.

Teacher student ratio > High school 12.58
Ranked 83th.
14.38
Ranked 51st. 14% more than Australia

Children out of school > Primary per 1000 3.83
Ranked 67th.
5.54
Ranked 58th. 45% more than Australia

Inequality adjusted index 0.965
Ranked 2nd. 3% more than United States
0.941
Ranked 3rd.
Teacher student ratio > Elementary school 17.88
Ranked 104th. 31% more than United States
13.69
Ranked 102nd.

Proportion of education spending on teachers' salaries 51.97%
Ranked 16th. 9% more than United States
47.8%
Ranked 32nd.

Elementary school > Enrolled students 1.98 million
Ranked 47th.
24.68 million
Ranked 3rd. 12 times more than Australia

Primary education > Duration > Years 7 years
Ranked 20th. 17% more than United States
6 years
Ranked 54th.

Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$ per capita $24,308.11
Ranked 3rd.
$33,005.49
Ranked 3rd. 36% more than Australia

School enrolment rate > 1st grade 102.78
Ranked 70th.
105.99
Ranked 46th. 3% more than Australia

Secondary education, general pupils per 1000 69.08
Ranked 73th.
77.71
Ranked 47th. 13% more than Australia

Literacy > Reading performance > Integrate and interpret 513
Ranked 7th. 4% more than United States
495
Ranked 20th.
Elementary (primary) school) > Private school share 31.08%
Ranked 27th. 4 times more than United States
8.72%
Ranked 80th.

High school > Lower secondary starting age 12
Ranked 113th. The same as United States
12
Ranked 61st.

Elementary school > Gender ratio 99.85
Ranked 33th.
100.68
Ranked 17th. 1% more than Australia

Education enrolment ratio > Net > Primary level 97%
Ranked 47th. 3% more than United States
94%
Ranked 71st.

Duration of education > Secondary level 6
Ranked 122nd. The same as United States
6
Ranked 81st.
Public spending per student > Tertiary level 24.9
Ranked 17th. 4% more than United States
23.9
Ranked 8th.
Primary education > Pupils 1.93 million
Ranked 52nd.
24.56 million
Ranked 4th. 13 times more than Australia

High school > Population with at least high school education > Men 92.2%
Ranked 25th.
94.3%
Ranked 22nd. 2% more than Australia

Education enrolment by level > Percentage girls > Tertiary level 54%
Ranked 54th.
56.64%
Ranked 34th. 5% more than Australia

Education enrolment by level > Secondary level > Per capita 127.98 per 1,000 people
Ranked 14th. 55% more than United States
82.72 per 1,000 people
Ranked 88th.

Secondary education, vocational pupils 786,296
Ranked 13th.
0.0
Ranked 96th.

Elementary (primary) school > Students per teacher 17.88
Ranked 123th. 25% more than United States
14.29
Ranked 100th.

Spending on education > Proportion spent on all staff salaries 73.47%
Ranked 41st.
77.19%
Ranked 38th. 5% more than Australia

Secondary education > Teachers 111,000
Ranked 28th.
1.62 million
Ranked 3rd. 15 times more than Australia

School life expectancy > Primary to tertiary 20 years
Ranked 1st. 25% more than United States
16 years
Ranked 15th.
School enrolment rate > 5th grade 98.8
Ranked 5th. 5% more than United States
94.45
Ranked 30th.

Spending per secondary school student $5,830.00 per student
Ranked 10th.
$7,764.00 per student
Ranked 3rd. 33% more than Australia
Education enrolment by level > Secondary level 2.51 million
Ranked 32nd.
23.85 million
Ranked 4th. 9 times more than Australia

Scientific and technical journal articles per million 794.61
Ranked 8th. 9% more than United States
728.12
Ranked 13th.

Literacy > Reading performance > Non-continuous texts 524
Ranked 5th. 4% more than United States
503
Ranked 14th.
Literacy > Reading performance > Continuous texts 513
Ranked 7th. 3% more than United States
500
Ranked 13th.
Duration of education > Primary level 7
Ranked 19th. 17% more than United States
6
Ranked 51st.
Literacy > Adults at low literacy level 44.8%
Ranked 9th.
49.6%
Ranked 7th. 11% more than Australia
Expected duration of education for all students 20.7 years
Ranked 1st. 24% more than United States
16.7 years
Ranked 14th.
Participation > Children out of school > Elementary 54,848
Ranked 44th.
1.71 million
Ranked 4th. 31 times more than Australia

Participation > Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education 97.3%
Ranked 83th.
100.09%
Ranked 51st. 3% more than Australia

Public spending per student > Secondary level 13.9
Ranked 25th.
22.4
Ranked 28th. 61% more than Australia
Education enrolment by level > Percentage girls > Primary level 48.61%
Ranked 69th.
48.86%
Ranked 40th. 1% more than Australia

Children out of school > Primary > Per capita 3.83 per 1,000 people
Ranked 68th.
5.52 per 1,000 people
Ranked 57th. 44% more than Australia

Educational attainment > Senior secondary 30%
Ranked 17th.
50%
Ranked 6th. 67% more than Australia
Literacy > Reading performance > Reflect and evaluate 523
Ranked 6th. 2% more than United States
512
Ranked 8th.
Education enrolment ratio > Net > Primary level > Women 97%
Ranked 43th. 3% more than United States
94%
Ranked 66th.

High school > Upper secondary starting age 16
Ranked 48th. 7% more than United States
15
Ranked 90th.

Elementary school starting age > Years 5
Ranked 174th.
6
Ranked 73th. 20% more than Australia

Student attitude > Find school boring 60%
Ranked 3rd.
61%
Ranked 2nd. 2% more than Australia
School life expectancy > Male 16.4 years
Ranked 1st. 11% more than United States
14.8 years
Ranked 17th.
Universities > Top 200 17
Ranked 3rd.
54
Ranked 1st. 3 times more than Australia
Literacy > Adults at high literacy level 17.4%
Ranked 12th.
19%
Ranked 9th. 9% more than Australia
Secondary education > General pupils > Per capita 72.08 per 1,000 people
Ranked 75th.
82.36 per 1,000 people
Ranked 51st. 14% more than Australia

Education enrolment by level > Primary level per 1000 98.4
Ranked 106th. 14% more than United States
86.39
Ranked 118th.

Education enrolment by level > Primary level > Per capita 0.098 per capita
Ranked 104th. 14% more than United States
0.086 per capita
Ranked 119th.

Primary teacher salary > Starting $25,661.00
Ranked 6th.
$25,707.00
Ranked 5th. About the same as Australia
Education enrolment ratio > Net > Primary level > Men 97%
Ranked 42nd. 4% more than United States
93%
Ranked 66th.

Research and Development > RandD > Investment in knowledge > Investment in knowledge per million 0.179%
Ranked 8th. 8 times more than United States
0.0212%
Ranked 18th.
Research and Development > RandD > Expenditure on RandD > Gross domestic expenditure on RandD 2.01%
Ranked 12th.
2.68%
Ranked 7th. 33% more than Australia
Pupils-teacher ratio > Primary level 9.1
Ranked 10th.
15.4
Ranked 115th. 69% more than Australia
Primary education > Teachers 105,469
Ranked 33th.
1.73 million
Ranked 3rd. 16 times more than Australia

Education enrolment by level > Percentage girls > Secondary level 48.01%
Ranked 110th.
48.72%
Ranked 92nd. 1% more than Australia

Expenditure on education > Change in expenditure on education > Expenditure in tertiary education 122.22 Index of change, year 200
Ranked 13th. 4% more than United States
117.74 Index of change, year 200
Ranked 15th.
Private school enrolment > Primary level 27.2
Ranked 16th. 2 times more than United States
11.6
Ranked 33th.
Outcomes > Primary education > Duration > Years 7
Ranked 19th. 17% more than United States
6
Ranked 49th.

Literacy > Adults with at least moderate literacy 55.2%
Ranked 9th. 10% more than United States
50.4%
Ranked 11th.
Educational attainment > Junior secondary 41%
Ranked 5th. 3 times more than United States
12%
Ranked 18th.
Primary education > Teachers per 1000 5.57
Ranked 41st.
5.9
Ranked 45th. 6% more than Australia

Children out of school > Primary > Female > Per capita 1.75 per 1,000 people
Ranked 71st.
3.5 per 1,000 people
Ranked 47th. Twice as much as Australia

Female enrolment share > Primary level 48.6%
Ranked 61st.
48.7%
Ranked 42nd. About the same as Australia
Research and Development > RandD > Investment in knowledge > Investment in knowledge 3.91%
Ranked 8th.
6.49%
Ranked 2nd. 66% more than Australia
Student attitude > Report class disorder 32%
Ranked 9th. 14% more than United States
28%
Ranked 11th.
Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$ $551.40 billion
Ranked 6th.
$10.28 trillion
Ranked 1st. 19 times more than Australia

Universities > Top 50 per million 0.294
Ranked 2nd. 4 times more than United States
0.0677
Ranked 7th.
Universities > Top 200 per million 0.834
Ranked 2nd. 5 times more than United States
0.183
Ranked 17th.
Proportion of primary education time spent learning technology 9 3
Primary school starting age > Years 5
Ranked 195th.
6
Ranked 77th. 20% more than Australia

Scouting > Members 65,881
Ranked 24th.
2.99 million
Ranked 3rd. 45 times more than Australia
High school > Share of total education spending 36.79%
Ranked 43th. 4% more than United States
35.42%
Ranked 52nd.

High school> Proportion of education spending on teachers' salaries 59.68%
Ranked 34th. 9% more than United States
54.76%
Ranked 39th.

Elementary (primary) school > Proportion of education spending on teachers' salaries 62.53%
Ranked 33th. 14% more than United States
54.76%
Ranked 41st.

Elementary (primary) school) > Proportion spent on all staff salaries 76.85%
Ranked 61st.
81.55%
Ranked 48th. 6% more than Australia

Enrolment ratio > Secondary level 89.7%
Ranked 12th. 2% more than United States
88.1%
Ranked 17th.
Participation > Secondary education > General pupils 1.51 million
Ranked 35th.
24.69 million
Ranked 2nd. 16 times more than Australia

Secondary education > Teachers per 1000 6.42
Ranked 34th. 16% more than United States
5.52
Ranked 66th.

Ratio of female to male primary enrollment 99.56
Ranked 41st. 2% more than United States
97.22
Ranked 93th.

Secondary education > General pupils per 1000 71.95
Ranked 76th.
82.6
Ranked 48th. 15% more than Australia

Children out of school > Primary > Male 41,839
Ranked 36th.
593,372
Ranked 5th. 14 times more than Australia

Elementary (primary) school > Gender parity index 0.994
Ranked 62nd. About the same as United States
0.991
Ranked 69th.

Spending per primary school student $3,981.00 per student
Ranked 10th.
$6,043.00 per student
Ranked 4th. 52% more than Australia
Female enrolment share > Secondary level 48.9%
Ranked 76th.
49%
Ranked 73th. About the same as Australia
Private school enrolment > Secondary level 33.6
Ranked 4th. 4 times more than United States
9.6
Ranked 12th.
Education enrolment by level > Secondary level per 1000 127.91
Ranked 15th. 54% more than United States
82.94
Ranked 90th.

Scouting > Members per thousand people 2.9
Ranked 48th.
9.52
Ranked 14th. 3 times more than Australia
Outcomes > Tertiary attainment > Tertiary attainment for age group 55-64 26.26%
Ranked 6th.
37.67%
Ranked 1st. 43% more than Australia
Proportion of primary education time spent learning science 11%
Ranked 21st.
14%
Ranked 9th. 27% more than Australia
School life expectancy > Female 16.8 years
Ranked 5th. 7% more than United States
15.7 years
Ranked 11th.
Universities > Top 50 6
Ranked 3rd.
20
Ranked 1st. 3 times more than Australia
Universities > Top 50 > Per $ GDP 0.134 per $14.1 billion of GDP
Ranked 3rd. 6 times more than United States
0.024 per $14.1 billion of GDP
Ranked 7th.
Children out of school > Primary > Male > Per capita 2.08 per 1,000 people
Ranked 65th. 3% more than United States
2.02 per 1,000 people
Ranked 67th.

High school teachers 183,020
Ranked 10th.
1.72 million
Ranked 2nd. 9 times more than Australia

Elementary school teachers 105,469
Ranked 31st.
1.8 million
Ranked 2nd. 17 times more than Australia

Primary teacher salary > After 15 years $36,971.00
Ranked 2nd. 7% more than United States
$34,705.00
Ranked 5th.
Literacy > Adults at moderate literacy level 37.7%
Ranked 8th. 20% more than United States
31.4%
Ranked 13th.
Universities > Top 100 per million 0.588
Ranked 1st. 6 times more than United States
0.105
Ranked 13th.
Proportion of 15 year-olds in secondary education 99%
Ranked 9th. 9% more than United States
91%
Ranked 23th.
Proportion of 20 year olds in tertiary education 33%
Ranked 11th.
38%
Ranked 5th. 15% more than Australia
Participation > Secondary education > Pupils 2.49 million
Ranked 27th.
24.43 million
Ranked 3rd. 10 times more than Australia

Proportion of primary education time spent learning vocational skills n 5
Universities > Top 200 > Per $ GDP 0.027 per $1 billion of GDP
Ranked 2nd. 5 times more than United States
0.005 per $1 billion of GDP
Ranked 17th.
Primary education > Pupils per 1000 96.12
Ranked 99th. 15% more than United States
83.88
Ranked 115th.

Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment 95.96
Ranked 106th.
101.63
Ranked 58th. 6% more than Australia

Young longtext readers 36%
Ranked 2nd. 27% more than United States
28.4%
Ranked 6th.
Research and Development > RandD > Expenditure on RandD > Gross domestic expenditure on RandD per million 0.0923%
Ranked 16th. 11 times more than United States
0.00874%
Ranked 28th.
Share of university qualifications awarded to females 57%
Ranked 13th. The same as United States
57%
Ranked 12th.
Young shorttext readers 10.6%
Ranked 25th.
11%
Ranked 24th. 4% more than Australia
Primary teacher salary > Starting per 1000 $1.36
Ranked 13th. 15 times more than United States
$0.09
Ranked 22nd.
Proportion of primary education time spent learning foreign languages 6 7
Spending per secondary school student > Per $ GDP $0.00 per student per $1,000
Ranked 13th. 14 times more than United States
$0.00 per student per $1,000
Ranked 21st.
Universities > Top 100 > Per $ GDP 0.268 per $14.1 billion of GDP
Ranked 1st. 7 times more than United States
0.037 per $14.1 billion of GDP
Ranked 15th.
Expected duration of education for males 20.1 years
Ranked 1st. 24% more than United States
16.2 years
Ranked 18th.
Proportion of 16 year-olds in secondary education 94%
Ranked 11th. 8% more than United States
87%
Ranked 22nd.
Proportion of 19 year olds in tertiary education 34%
Ranked 8th.
41%
Ranked 3rd. 21% more than Australia
Share of university qualifications awarded to females > First degree 57%
Ranked 13th. The same as United States
57%
Ranked 12th.
Preschool enrollment rate > Female 81.3
Ranked 41st. 41% more than United States
57.63
Ranked 64th.

Preschool enrollment rate > Male 83.22
Ranked 38th. 44% more than United States
57.98
Ranked 63th.

School enrolment rate > 1st grade > Female 102.72
Ranked 60th.
108.63
Ranked 38th. 6% more than Australia

School enrolment rate > 1st grade > Male 102.84
Ranked 76th.
103.49
Ranked 59th. 1% more than Australia

School enrolment rate > 5th grade > Female 99.46
Ranked 4th. 1% more than United States
98.08
Ranked 22nd.

School enrolment rate > 5th grade > Male 98.17
Ranked 4th. 3% more than United States
95.67
Ranked 24th.

Participation > School enrollment > Secondary > Female > % net 88.69%
Ranked 24th.
88.98%
Ranked 21st. About the same as Australia

Primary teacher salary per hour > After 15 years $44.00 per hour
Ranked 4th. 22% more than United States
$36.00 per hour
Ranked 10th.
Literacy and Attainment > Educational attainment: completed tertiary > Tertiary > Population 25+ years > % > Over 24 year olds 41.28%
Ranked 2nd. 2% more than United States
40.66%
Ranked 3rd.
Unemployment with secondary education, male > % of male unemployment 34.5%
Ranked 65th.
37.6%
Ranked 57th. 9% more than Australia

Unemployment with primary education, male > % of male unemployment 48.5%
Ranked 21st. 2 times more than United States
20.2%
Ranked 66th.

Labor force with tertiary education, male > % of male labor force 29.9%
Ranked 15th.
35%
Ranked 4th. 17% more than Australia

Unemployment with tertiary education, female > % of female unemployment 21.1%
Ranked 45th.
51.9%
Ranked 4th. 2 times more than Australia

Unemployment with tertiary education, male > % of male unemployment 17%
Ranked 34th.
42.2%
Ranked 2nd. 2 times more than Australia

School enrollment > Primary > Female > % gross 102.6% gross
Ranked 78th. 5% more than United States
97.55% gross
Ranked 117th.

Primary education > Teachers > % female 71.5% female
Ranked 43th.
88.58% female
Ranked 21st. 24% more than Australia

Proportion of primary education time spent learning arts 8 7
Proportion of 17 year olds in secondary education 79%
Ranked 18th. The same as United States
79%
Ranked 17th.
Participation > School enrollment > Primary > Female > % net 97.44%
Ranked 25th. 5% more than United States
92.61%
Ranked 54th.

Government spending on education > % of government spending 14.01%
Ranked 46th.
14.13%
Ranked 35th. 1% more than Australia

Participation > School enrollment > Primary > Female > % gross 105.44%
Ranked 55th. 6% more than United States
99.11%
Ranked 89th.

School life expectancy > Primary to tertiary > Female 21 years
Ranked 1st. 31% more than United States
16 years
Ranked 25th.
Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education > % 96.95%
Ranked 92nd.
100.42%
Ranked 47th. 4% more than Australia

School enrollment, preprimary, female > % gross 77.5%
Ranked 60th. 7% more than United States
72.28%
Ranked 62nd.

School enrollment, preprimary, male > % gross 78.72%
Ranked 58th. 6% more than United States
74.31%
Ranked 60th.

Secondary education, pupils > % female 47.37%
Ranked 104th.
48.86%
Ranked 62nd. 3% more than Australia

Expenditure per student, primary > % of GDP per capita 22.52%
Ranked 24th.
22.93%
Ranked 23th. 2% more than Australia

Adjusted savings: education expenditure > % of GNI 4.78%
Ranked 60th.
4.79%
Ranked 59th. About the same as Australia

School life expectancy > Primary to tertiary > Male 20 years
Ranked 1st. 33% more than United States
15 years
Ranked 24th.
School enrollment > Secondary > Female > % gross 145.42% gross
Ranked 1st. 52% more than United States
95.47% gross
Ranked 47th.

School enrollment, primary, male > % net 96.03%
Ranked 35th. 5% more than United States
91.29%
Ranked 62nd.

Expected duration of education for females 20.1 years
Ranked 2nd. 18% more than United States
17.1 years
Ranked 12th.
Proportion of primary education time spent learning mathematics 12%
Ranked 26th.
16%
Ranked 3rd. 33% more than Australia
Proportion of 19 year olds in secondary education 25%
Ranked 14th. 4 times more than United States
6%
Ranked 26th.
Proportion of 20 year olds in secondary education 20%
Ranked 9th. 10 times more than United States
2%
Ranked 25th.
School enrollment, secondary, female > % gross 129.25%
Ranked 2nd. 38% more than United States
93.76%
Ranked 61st.

School enrollment, secondary, male > % net 85.16%
Ranked 37th.
86.8%
Ranked 32nd. 2% more than Australia

Secondary education, teachers, female 52,710
Ranked 17th.
1.02 million
Ranked 4th. 19 times more than Australia

School enrollment, tertiary, male > % gross 70.41%
Ranked 10th.
80.1%
Ranked 3rd. 14% more than Australia

SOURCES: UNESCO; UNESCO Institute for Statistics; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeschooling_international_status_and_statistics; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; World Development Indicators database; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; Source: UNESCO UIS Data | UNESCO Institute for Statistics; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; World Bank staff estimates using data from the United Nations Statistics Division's Statistical Yearbook, and the UNESCO Institute for Statistics online database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute of Statistics; Wikipedia: List of countries by student performance (Reading); UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; OECD; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; Source: UNESCO UIS Data | UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Wikipedia: List of World Organization of the Scout Movement members (Table of World Organization of the Scout Movement members); UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; http://www.ibo.org/facts/schoolstats/progsbycountry.cfm; OECD Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators 2003; United Nations Development Programme. Source tables; The Times, 2005; OECD; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Development Indicators database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Development Programme. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; World Bank national accounts data. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008; Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2001); OECD; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; OECD Country statistical profiles 2009. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; OECD Country statistical profiles 2009; World Bank national accounts data; The Times, 2005. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; "WOSM MEMBERSHIP as at 31st December 2012". World Organization of the Scout Movement. August 2013.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Wikipedia: List of World Organization of the Scout Movement members (Table of World Organization of the Scout Movement members) ("WOSM MEMBERSHIP as at 31st December 2012" . World Organization of the Scout Movement . Retrieved 2014-03-03 .). Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute of Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=UNESCO&f=series%3aEA_56_Ag25t99, Educational attainment: completed tertiary; International Labour Organization, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database.; United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.; World Bank staff estimates

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