Compare key data on Estonia & Russia

Definitions

Cost of living > Average monthly disposable salary > After tax: Average Monthly Disposable Salary (After Tax). Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Average Monthly Disposable Salary (After Tax)". Prices in current USD.
Crime > Crime levels: Level of crime. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How serious you feel the level of crime is?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Crime > Murder rate: Homicide rate per year per 100,000 inhabitants in various countries.
Crime > Rape rate: Number of rape incidents per 100,000 citizens in different countries. Figures do not take into account rape incidents that go unreported to the police.
Crime > Violent crime > Intentional homicide rate: Homicides per 100’000 residents. Homicide is the death of a person purposefully inflicted by another person (it excludes suicides) outside of a state of war. Homicide is a broader category than murder, as it also includes manslaughter. The exact legal definition varies across countries, some of which include infanticide, assisted suicide, euthanasia and deaths caused by dangerous driving.
Crime > Violent crime > Murder rate: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population.
Crime > Violent crime > Murder rate per million people: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
Economy > GDP: GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using single year official exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used.
Economy > GDP per capita: GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using single year official exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Economy > Gross National Income: GNI, Atlas method (current US$). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and prop).
Economy > Population below poverty line: National estimates of the percentage of the population lying below the poverty line are based on surveys of sub-groups, with the results weighted by the number of people in each group. Definitions of poverty vary considerably among nations. For example, rich nations generally employ more generous standards of poverty than poor nations.
Geography > Land area > Square miles: Country land area.
Government > Government type: A description of the basic form of government (e.g., republic, constitutional monarchy, federal republic, parliamentary democracy, military dictatorship).
Health > Physicians > Per 1,000 people: Physicians are defined as graduates of any facility or school of medicine who are working in the country in any medical field (practice, teaching, research).
People > Population: Population, total refers to the total population.
Government > Legal system: A brief description of the legal system's historical roots, role in government, and acceptance of International Court of Justice (ICJ) jurisdiction.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 0-14: Percentage of total population aged 0-14.
Health > Births and maternity > Total fertility rate: Total fertility rate.
Geography > Area > Comparative: The area of various small countries expressed in comparison to various areas within the United States of America.
Crime > Violent crime > Gun crime > Guns per 100 residents: Number of privately owned small firearms per 100 residents.
Crime > Age of criminal responsibility: The age at which a person is no longer excluded from criminal liability. The lowest age is indicated for countries where there isn’t a single age limit, for example where different states have different regulations (such as the USA) or there is different limits for boy and girls (such as in Iran). The spectrum is specifically wide for the USA and Mexico (both 6-12 years). Several US states do not stipulate any minimal age for criminal responsibility at all. For further qualifications, exceptions and other notes, please refer to notes.
Economy > Budget surplus > + or deficit > -: This entry records the difference between national government revenues and expenditures, expressed as a percent of GDP. A positive (+) number indicates that revenues exceeded expenditures (a budget surplus), while a negative (-) number indicates the reverse (a budget deficit). Normalizing the data, by dividing the budget balance by GDP, enables easy comparisons across countries and indicates whether a national government saves or borrows money. Countries with high budget deficits (relative to their GDPs) generally have more difficulty raising funds to finance expenditures, than those with lower deficits.
Geography > Climate: A brief description of typical weather regimes throughout the year.
Crime > Violent crime > Rapes per million people: The number of recorded rapes. Large numbers of rapes go unreported. South Africa is estimated to have 500,000 rapes per year, Egypt 200,000, China 32,000 and the UK with 85,000 rapes per year. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
Geography > Area > Land: Total land area in square kilometres
Government > Legislative branch: This entry contains information on the structure (unicameral, bicameral, tricameral), formal name, number of seats, and term of office. Elections includes the nature of election process or accession to power, date of the last election, and date of the next election. Election results includes the percent of vote and/or number of seats held by each party in the last election.
Geography > Geographic coordinates: This entry includes rounded latitude and longitude figures for the purpose of finding the approximate geographic center of an entity and is based on the Gazetteer of Conventional Names, Third Edition, August 1988, US Board on Geographic Names and on other sources.
Religion > Religions: This entry includes a rank ordering of religions by adherents starting with the largest group and sometimes includes the percent of total population.
Cost of living > Local purchasing power: Local Purchasing Power shows relative purchasing power in buying goods and services in a given city for the average wage in that city. If domestic purchasing power is 40, this means that the inhabitants of that city with the average salary can afford to buy 60% less typical goods and services than New York City residents with an average salary.
People > Population > Population growth, past and future: Population growth rate (percentage).
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Cigarettes > Pack of Marlboro: Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014 (sample survey for the United States). Respondents were asked about the price of a Pack of Cigarettes (Marlboro). Prices in current USD.
Environment > Marine fish catch: Total marine fish catch
Units: Metric Tons
Economy > Unemployment rate: This entry contains the percent of the labor force that is without jobs. Substantial underemployment might be noted.
People > Ethnic groups: This entry provides a rank ordering of ethnic groups starting with the largest and normally includes the percent of total population.
Government > Suffrage: The age at enfranchisement and whether the right to vote is universal or restricted
Geography > Area > Total: Total area in square kilometers
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-24 > Percent: Percentage of total population aged 15-24.
Government > Constitution: The dates of adoption, revisions, and major amendments to a nation's constitution
Agriculture > Arable land > Hectares: Arable land (in hectares) includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded.
Crime > Total crimes: Note: Crime statistics are often better indicators of prevalence of law enforcement and willingness to report crime, than actual prevalence.
Crime > Drugs > Annual cannabis use: Estimate of percentage of 15-64 year old population who use Cannabis.
Labor > Salaries and benefits > Minimum wage: Minimum wage.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Crime > Violent crime > Rapes: The number of recorded rapes. Large numbers of rapes go unreported. South Africa is estimated to have 500,000 rapes per year, Egypt 200,000, China 32,000 and the UK with 85,000 rapes per year.
Government > Judicial branch: The name(s) of the highest court(s) and a brief description of the selection process for members.
Education > Children out of school, primary: Children out of school, primary. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Total is the total number of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
Transport > Road > Motor vehicles per 1000 people: Motor vehicles per 1000 people.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Economy > GDP > Purchasing power parity per capita: This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States. This is the measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living conditions or use of resources across countries. The measure is difficult to compute, as a US dollar value has to be assigned to all goods and services in the country regardless of whether these goods and services have a direct equivalent in the United States (for example, the value of an ox-cart or non-US military equipment); as a result, PPP estimates for some countries are based on a small and sometimes different set of goods and services. In addition, many countries do not formally participate in the World Bank's PPP project that calculates these measures, so the resulting GDP estimates for these countries may lack precision. For many developing countries, PPP-based GDP measures are multiples of the official exchange rate (OER) measure. The difference between the OER- and PPP-denominated GDP values for most of the weathly industrialized countries are generally much smaller. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Geography > Land area > Sq. km: Land area is a country's total area, excluding area under inland water bodies, national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones. In most cases the definition of inland water bodies includes major rivers and lakes."
People > Birth rate: The average annual number of births during a year per 1,000 persons in the population at midyear; also known as crude birth rate. The birth rate is usually the dominant factor in determining the rate of population growth. It depends on both the level of fertility and the age structure of the population.
Crime > Drugs > Opiates use: Annual prevalence.
Crime > Total crimes per 1000: Note: Crime statistics are often better indicators of prevalence of law enforcement and willingness to report crime, than actual prevalence. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
People > Population growth: Percentage by which country's population either has increased or is estimated to increase. Countries with a decrease in population are signified by a negative percentage. Future estimates are from the UN Population Division.
Education > Pupil-teacher ratio, primary: Pupil-teacher ratio, primary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Primary is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers.
Economy > Budget > Revenues: Revenues calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms
People > Age distribution > Median age: The median age of the country's residents. This is the age most people are in the country.
Economy > GDP > Per capita > PPP: This entry shows GDP on a purchasing power parity basis divided by population as of 1 July for the same year.
Industry > Manufacturing output: Industry corresponds to ISIC divisions 10-45 and includes manufacturing (ISIC divisions 15-37). It comprises value added in mining, manufacturing (also reported as a separate subgroup), construction, electricity, water, and gas. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant 2000 U.S. dollars."
Crime > Justice system > Punishment > Capital punishment (last execution year): Year of last use.
Government > Political parties and leaders: Significant political organizations and their leaders.
Energy > Commercial energy use: Commercial energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita). Commercial energy use refers to apparent consumption, which is equal to indigenous production plus imports and stock changes, minus exports and fuels supplied to ships and aircraft engaged in international transport.
Economy > Economy > Overview: This entry briefly describes the type of economy, including the degree of market orientation, the level of economic development, the most important natural resources, and the unique areas of specialization. It also characterizes major economic events and policy changes in the most recent 12 months and may include a statement about one or two key future macroeconomic trends.
Crime > Violent crime > Murders per million people: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
Economy > Exports: This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise exports on an f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms.
Crime > Violent crime > Murders: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population.
Government > Executive branch > Cabinet: Cabinet includes the official name for any body of high-ranking advisers roughly comparable to a U.S. Cabinet. Also notes the method for selection of members.
Health > Hospital beds > Per 1,000 people: Hospital beds include inpatient beds available in public, private, general, and specialized hospitals and rehabilitation centers. In most cases beds for both acute and chronic care are included.
People > Marriage, divorce and children > Total divorces per thousand people: Total number of divorces in given year by country. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Education > Compulsary education duration: Number of years students are required to be enrolled in school for all levels of education. For instance, compulsary education lasts for 12 years in the United States.
People > Gender > Female population: Total female population.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 0-14 > Total: Number of people aged 0-14.
Education > Homeschooling legal status: Legal status of homeschooling.
Military > Budget: Annual defense budget in billion USD.
Economy > GDP > Per capita: This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States. This is the measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living conditions or use of resources across countries. The measure is difficult to compute, as a US dollar value has to be assigned to all goods and services in the country regardless of whether these goods and services have a direct equivalent in the United States (for example, the value of an ox-cart or non-US military equipment); as a result, PPP estimates for some countries are based on a small and sometimes different set of goods and services. In addition, many countries do not formally participate in the World Bank's PPP project that calculates these measures, so the resulting GDP estimates for these countries may lack precision. For many developing countries, PPP-based GDP measures are multiples of the official exchange rate (OER) measure. The difference between the OER- and PPP-denominated GDP values for most of the weathly industrialized countries are generally much smaller. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Agriculture > Rural population: Total population living in rural areas. Future estimates are from the UN Population Division.
Energy > Electricity > Consumption > Per capita: Total electricity consumed annually plus imports and minus exports, expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
People > Death rate: The average annual number of deaths during a year per 1,000 population at midyear; also known as crude death rate. The death rate, while only a rough indicator of the mortality situation in a country, accurately indicates the current mortality impact on population growth. This indicator is significantly affected by age distribution, and most countries will eventually show a rise in the overall death rate, in spite of continued decline in mortality at all ages, as declining fertility results in an aging population.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Water > 1.5 litre bottle: Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014 (sample survey for the United States). Respondents were asked about the price of a bottle of water (1.5 liter). Prices in current USD.
Environment > Ecological footprint: Ecological footprint per capita
Units: Hectares per Person
Geography > Average rainfall in depth > Mm per year: Average rainfall is the long-term average in depth (over space and time) of annual precipitation in the country. Precipitation is defined as any kind of water that falls from clouds as a liquid or a solid.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Loaf of bread > Fresh, white: Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014 (sample survey for the United States). Respondents were asked about the price of a Loaf of Fresh White Bread (500g). Prices in current USD.
Government > Political pressure groups and leaders: Organizations with leaders involved in politics, but not standing for legislative election.
Geography > Natural resources: A country's mineral, petroleum, hydropower, and other resources of commercial importance.
Industry > Manufacturing, value added > Current US$ per capita: Manufacturing, value added (current US$). Manufacturing refers to industries belonging to ISIC divisions 15-37. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Energy > Electricity > Consumption: Total electricity consumed annually plus imports and minus exports, expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution.
Crime > Rapes > Per capita: Number of sexual assaults recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
People > Age distribution > Total dependency ratio: Percentage of dependant persons out of total population aged 15-64. A dependant person is a person aged 0-14 and those over 65 years old.
Health > Probability of not reaching 60: Probability at birth of not reaching the age of 40.
Education > Adult literacy rate > Total: Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can, with understanding, read and write a short, simple statement on their everyday life."
Geography > Surface area > Sq. km: Surface area is a country's total area, including areas under inland bodies of water and some coastal waterways.
People > Population growth rate: The average annual percent change in the population, resulting from a surplus (or deficit) of births over deaths and the balance of migrants entering and leaving a country. The rate may be positive or negative. The growth rate is a factor in determining how great a burden would be imposed on a country by the changing needs of its people for infrastructure (e.g., schools, hospitals, housing, roads), resources (e.g., food, water, electricity), and jobs. Rapid population growth can be seen as threatening by neighboring countries.
Geography > Area > Land > Per capita: Total land area in square kilometres Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Media > Telephones > Mobile cellular > Per capita: The total number of mobile cellular telephones in use. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Agriculture > Agricultural land > Sq. km: Agricultural land (sq. km). Agricultural land refers to the share of land area that is arable, under permanent crops, and under permanent pastures. Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded. Land under permanent crops is land cultivated with crops that occupy the land for long periods and need not be replanted after each harvest, such as cocoa, coffee, and rubber. This category includes land under flowering shrubs, fruit trees, nut trees, and vines, but excludes land under trees grown for wood or timber. Permanent pasture is land used for five or more years for forage, including natural and cultivated crops.
Education > Children out of school, primary per 1000: Children out of school, primary. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Total is the total number of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Health > Life expectancy at birth, total > Years: Life expectancy at birth, total (years). Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.
Crime > Robberies: Number of robberies recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population.
Media > Internet > Internet users per thousand people: Internet users. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Energy > Electric power consumption > KWh per capita: Electric power consumption (kWh per capita). Electric power consumption measures the production of power plants and combined heat and power plants less transmission, distribution, and transformation losses and own use by heat and power plants.
Cost of living > Basic utilities > Garbage, water, heating, electricity for 85 sqm apartment: Basic (Electricity, Heating, Water, Garbage) for 85m2 Apartment. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Basic (Electricity, Heating, Water, Garbage) for 85m2 Apartment". Prices in current USD.
Crime > Believes crime increasing in the past 3 years: Crime increasing in the past 3 years. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "In the past three years would you say the level of crime in your community has increased, stayed about the same, or decreased?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Military > Personnel > Per capita: Armed forces personnel are active duty military personnel, including paramilitary forces if the training, organization, equipment, and control suggest they may be used to support or replace regular military forces. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Military > War deaths: Battle-related deaths are deaths in battle-related conflicts between warring parties in the conflict dyad (two conflict units that are parties to a conflict). Typically, battle-related deaths occur in warfare involving the armed forces of the warring parties. This includes traditional battlefield fighting, guerrilla activities, and all kinds of bombardments of military units, cities, and villages, etc. The targets are usually the military itself and its installations or state institutions and state representatives, but there is often substantial collateral damage in the form of civilians being killed in crossfire, in indiscriminate bombings, etc. All deaths--military as well as civilian--incurred in such situations, are counted as battle-related deaths."
Agriculture > Arable land > Hectares per capita: Arable land (hectares per person). Arable land (hectares per person) includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded.
Agriculture > Agricultural growth: Index of agricultural production in 1996 - 98 (1989 - 91 = 100)
Crime > Fear of crime > Violent hate crime: Worries being subject to a physical attack because of your skin colour, ethnic origin or religion. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How worried are you about)......being subject to a physical attack because of your skin colour, ethnic origin or religion?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Economy > Debt > Government debt > Public debt, share of GDP: Public debt as % of GDP (CIA).
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Economy > Public debt: This entry records the cumulatiive total of all government borrowings less repayments that are denominated in a country's home currency. Public debt should not be confused with external debt, which reflects the foreign currency liabilities of both the private and public sector and must be financed out of foreign exchange earnings.
Economy > Inflation rate > Consumer prices: This entry furnishes the annual percent change in consumer prices compared with the previous year's consumer prices.
Education > Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary: Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Secondary is the number of pupils enrolled in secondary school divided by the number of secondary school teachers.
Crime > Fear of crime > Feels safe walking alone > At night: Safety walking alone during night. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How safe do you feel walking alone in this city during the night?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Industry > Manufacturing, value added > Current US$: Manufacturing, value added (current US$). Manufacturing refers to industries belonging to ISIC divisions 15-37. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Language > Languages: A rank ordering of languages starting with the largest and sometimes includes the percent of total population speaking that language.
Transport > Road network length > Km: Length of road network in kilometers in European Union countries.
Economy > GDP > Composition, by sector of origin > Services: This entry is derived from Economy > GDP > Composition, by sector of origin, which shows where production takes place in an economy. The distribution gives the percentage contribution of agriculture, industry, and services to total GDP, and will total 100 percent of GDP if the data are complete. Agriculture includes farming, fishing, and forestry. Industry includes mining, manufacturing, energy production, and construction. Services cover government activities, communications, transportation, finance, and all other private economic activities that do not produce material goods.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-24 > Total: Number of people aged 15-24.
Economy > Exports per capita: This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise exports on an f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Media > Personal computers > Per capita: Personal computers are self-contained computers designed to be used by a single individual. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Geography > Average precipitation in depth > Mm per year: Average precipitation in depth (mm per year). Average precipitation is the long-term average in depth (over space and time) of annual precipitation in the country. Precipitation is defined as any kind of water that falls from clouds as a liquid or a solid.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Milk > 1 litre: Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014 (sample survey for the United States). Respondents were asked about the price of 1 liter of regular Milk. Prices in current USD.
Cost of living > Cinema ticket price > International release: Cinema, International Release, 1 Seat. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Cinema, International Release, 1 Seat". Prices in current USD.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 60 or over > Percent: Percentage of total population aged 60 and older.
Cost of living > Clothing and shoe prices > Shoes > Pair of Nikes: 1 Pair of Nike Shoes. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "1 Pair of Nike Shoes". Prices in current USD.
Government > Administrative divisions: This entry generally gives the numbers, designatory terms, and first-order administrative divisions as approved by the US Board on Geographic Names (BGN). Changes that have been reported but not yet acted on by BGN are noted.
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Rent index: Rent Index is estimation of prices of renting apartments in the city compared to New York City. If Rent index is 80, Numbeo estimates that price for renting in that city is 80% of price in New York.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-64 > Total: Number of people aged 15-64.
Education > Literacy > Total population: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
Health > Quality of health care system > Health care system index: Health Care Index is an estimation of the overall quality of the health care system, health care professionals, equipment, staff, doctors, cost, etc.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 0-4 > Total: Number of people aged 0-4.
Transport > Road density > Km of road per 100 sq. km of land area: Road density is the ratio of the length of the country's total road network to the country's land area. The road network includes all roads in the country: motorways, highways, main or national roads, secondary or regional roads, and other urban and rural roads."
People > Obesity > Adult obesity rate: This entry gives the percent of a country's population considered to be obese. Obesity is defined as an adult having a Body Mass Index (BMI) greater to or equal to 30.0. BMI is calculated by taking a person's weight in kg and dividing it by the person's squared height in meters.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Egg > Dozen: Average prize of a dozen eggs. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked about the prize of a dozen eggs. Prices in current USD.
Education > College and university > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index for college and university enrollment. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled.
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Rent per month > 3 bedroom apartment > City centre: Apartment (3 bedrooms) in City Centre. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Apartment (3 bedrooms) in City Centre". Prices in current USD.
Economy > Distribution of family income > Gini index: This index measures the degree of inequality in the distribution of family income in a country. The index is calculated from the Lorenz curve, in which cumulative family income is plotted against the number of families arranged from the poorest to the ric
Religion > Religions > All: This entry includes a rank ordering of religions by adherents starting with the largest group and sometimes includes the percent of total population.
Cost of living > Transport prices > New car > Volkswagen Golf 1.4 or similar: Volkswagen Golf 1.4 90 KW Trendline (Or Equivalent New Car). Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Volkswagen Golf 1.4 90 KW Trendline (Or Equivalent New Car)". Prices in current USD.
Education > Primary education, duration > Years: Primary education, duration (years). Duration of primary is the number of grades (years) in primary education.
Military > Global Peace Index: The Global Peace Index is comprised of 22 indicators in the three categories ongoing domestic or international conflicts; societal safety; and security and militarization. A low index value indicates a peaceful and safe country.
Education > Secondary education, duration > Years: Secondary education, duration (years). Duration of secondary education is the number of grades (years) in secondary education (ISCED 2 & 3).
Energy > Electric power consumption > KWh: Electric power consumption (kWh). Electric power consumption measures the production of power plants and combined heat and power plants less transmission, distribution, and transformation losses and own use by heat and power plants.
Media > Televisions per 1000: The total number of televisions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Health > Births and maternity > Future births: Mid-range estimate for country's population increase due to births from five years prior to the given year. For example, from 2095 to 2100, India's population is expected to rise by 16,181 people due to births. Estimates are from the UN Population Division.
Energy > Oil > Consumption > Per capita: This entry is the total oil consumed in barrels per day (bbl/day). The discrepancy between the amount of oil produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes, refinery gains, and other complicating factors. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-59: Percentage of total pouplation aged 15-59.
Education > Children out of school, primary, female: Children out of school, primary, female. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Female is the total number of female primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
Agriculture > Cereal yield > Kg per hectare: Cereal yield, measured as kilograms per hectare of harvested land, includes wheat, rice, maize, barley, oats, rye, millet, sorghum, buckwheat, and mixed grains. Production data on cereals relate to crops harvested for dry grain only. Cereal crops harvested for hay or harvested green for food, feed, or silage and those used for grazing are excluded."
People > Population in 2015: (Thousands) Medium-variant projections.
Health > Births and maternity > Average age of mother at childbirth: Average age of mother at first childbirth.
Geography > Terrain: A brief description of the topography
Education > High school enrolment rate: Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year.
Health > Life expectancy at birth > Total population: The average number of years to be lived by a group of people born in the same year, if mortality at each age remains constant in the future. Life expectancy at birth is also a measure of overall quality of life in a country and summarizes the mortality at all ages. It can also be thought of as indicating the potential return on investment in human capital and is necessary for the calculation of various actuarial measures.
Transport > Road > Motorway length: Total network length of all motorways in km.
Crime > Murders > Per 100,000 people: Intentional homicide rate is the estimate of intentional homicides in a country as a result of domestic disputes that end in a killing, interpersonal violence, violent conflicts over land resources, inter-gang violence over turf or control, and predatory violence and killing by armed groups. The term, intentional homicide, is broad, but it does not include all intentional killing. In particular, deaths arising from armed conflict are usually considered separately. The difference is usually described by the organisation of the killing. Individuals or small groups usually commit homicide, whereas the killing in armed conflict is usually committed by more or less cohesive groups of up to several hundred members. Two main sources of data are presented: criminal justice (law enforcement) measures (this series), supplemented by data from national statistical agencies, and measures from public health sources (see other intentional homicide series). These various sources measure slightly different phenomena and are therefore unlikely to provide identical numbers."
Military > Paramilitary personnel: Paramilitary.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Military > Service age and obligation: This entry gives the required ages for voluntary or conscript military service and the length of sevice obligation.
Geography > Location: The country's regional location, neighboring countries, and adjacent bodies of water.
Health > Quality of health care system > Cost: Cost to you. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Argentina, Austria and 69 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Germany and 7 more countries and over 100 contributions for Canada, India, United Kingdom and 1 more country. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from October, 2010 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Cost to you". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
People > Urban and rural > Population living in cities proper: Each city population by sex, city and city type.
Lifestyle > Quality of life index: Quality of Life Index is an estimation of overall quality of life by using empirical formula (the formula is an our opinion and it's based on experiments). The actual formula might be changed. Currently, we put the highest weight to pollution - if the environment is polluted too much, the economy or safety cannot fulfill it. We put the second highest importance to safety, since it is more important to feel safe rather than wealthy, in our opinion. etc. The number 65 is added so that the numbers are in such range so it rarely goes under zero (65 is a range modifier).
Education > Government spending on education > Proportion of GDP: Percentage of public funding for education out of country's total GDP.
Labor > Labor force > By occupation: Component parts of the labor force by occupation.
Economy > Human Development Index: The human development index values in this table were calculated using a consistent methodology and consistent data series. They are not strictly comparable with those in earlier Human Development Reports.
Labor > Unemployment rate: The percent of the labor force that is without jobs. Substantial underemployment might be noted.
Education > Primary education, teachers per 1000: Primary education, teachers. Teaching staff in primary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
People > Death rate, crude > Per 1,000 people: Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people). Crude death rate indicates the number of deaths occurring during the year, per 1,000 population estimated at midyear. Subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate provides the rate of natural increase, which is equal to the rate of population change in the absence of migration.
Environment > Pollution perceptions > Air pollution: Air Pollution. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How satisfied are you with the quality of air in this city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Economy > Tourist arrivals > Per capita: International inbound tourists (overnight visitors) are the number of tourists who travel to a country other than that in which they have their usual residence, but outside their usual environment, for a period not exceeding 12 months and whose main purpose in visiting is other than an activity remunerated from within the country visited. When data on number of tourists are not available, the number of visitors, which includes tourists, same-day visitors, cruise passengers, and crew members, is shown instead. Sources and collection methods for arrivals differ across countries. In some cases data are from border statistics (police, immigration, and the like) and supplemented by border surveys. In other cases data are from tourism accommodation establishments. For some countries number of arrivals is limited to arrivals by air and for others to arrivals staying in hotels. Some countries include arrivals of nationals residing abroad while others do not. Caution should thus be used in comparing arrivals across countries. The data on inbound tourists refer to the number of arrivals, not to the number of people traveling. Thus a person who makes several trips to a country during a given period is counted each time as a new arrival." Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Media > Households with television: Households with television are the share of households with a television set. Some countries report only the number of households with a color television set, and therefore the true number may be higher than reported.
Health > Birth rate > Crude > Per 1,000 people: Crude birth rate indicates the number of live births occurring during the year, per 1,000 population estimated at midyear. Subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate provides the rate of natural increase, which is equal to the population growth rate in the absence of migration.
Conflict > Terrorism > Global Terrorism Index: Score on Global Terrorism Index. A high value indicates that a country is affected by many terrorist incidents with a strong impact in terms of fatalities, injuries and damaged property.
Military > WMD > Nuclear: A description of the nation's situation with regards to the possession and manufacture of nuclear weapons
Culture > Happy Planet Index: The Happy Planet Index (HPI) is calculated from three components: Perceived well-being, life expectancy and ecological footprint. A higher value indicates a happier population.
Government > Executive branch > Head of government: Head of government includes the name and title of the top administrative leader who is designated to manage the day-to-day activities of the government. For example, in the UK, the monarch is the chief of state, and the prime minister is the head of government. In the US, the president is both the chief of state and the head of government.
Geography > Coastline: The total length of the boundary between the land area (including islands) and the sea.
Labor > Labor force: The total labor force figure
Environment > Current issues: This entry lists the most pressing and important environmental problems. The following terms and abbreviations are used throughout the entry:
Energy > Oil > Consumption: This entry is the total oil consumed in barrels per day (bbl/day). The discrepancy between the amount of oil produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes, refinery gains, and other complicating factors.
Health > Life expectancy at birth, female > Years: Life expectancy at birth, female (years). Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.
Education > College and university > Share of total education spending: Percentage of government education funding that goes to post-secondary education.
Health > Life expectancy > Men: Life expectancy for men.
Media > Television > List of TV stations: List of TV stations.
Energy > Oil > Production > Per capita: This entry is the total oil produced in barrels per day (bbl/day). The discrepancy between the amount of oil produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes, refinery gains, and other complicating factors. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
People > Total fertility rate: The average number of children that would be born per woman if all women lived to the end of their child-bearing years and bore children according to a given fertility rate at each age. The total fertility rate is a more direct measure of the level of fertility than the crude birth rate, since it refers to births per woman. This indicator shows the potential for population growth in the country. High rates will also place some limits on the labor force participation rates for women. Large numbers of children born to women indicate large family sizes that might limit the ability of the families to feed and educate their children.
Health > Life expectancy at birth, male > Years: Life expectancy at birth, male (years). Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 65 or over > Percent: Percentage of total population aged 65 and older.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Rice > White, 1kg: Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014 (sample survey for the United States). Respondents were asked about the price of 1 kg of White Rice. Prices in current USD.
Media > Television receivers > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Government > Executive branch > Chief of state: The name and title of any person or role roughly equivalent to a U.S. Chief of State. This means the titular leader of the country who represents the state at official and ceremonial functions but may not be involved with the day-to-day activities of the government
Government > Diplomatic representation from the US > Mailing address: This entry includes the chief of mission, embassy address, mailing address, telephone number, FAX number, branch office locations, consulate general locations, and consulate locations.
Media > Telecoms > Mobile cellular subscriptions > Per 100 people: Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people). Mobile cellular telephone subscriptions are subscriptions to a public mobile telephone service using cellular technology, which provide access to the public switched telephone network. Post-paid and prepaid subscriptions are included.
Economy > GDP > Purchasing power parity: This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States. This is the measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living conditions or use of resources across countries. The measure is difficult to compute, as a US dollar value has to be assigned to all goods and services in the country regardless of whether these goods and services have a direct equivalent in the United States (for example, the value of an ox-cart or non-US military equipment); as a result, PPP estimates for some countries are based on a small and sometimes different set of goods and services. In addition, many countries do not formally participate in the World Bank's PPP project that calculates these measures, so the resulting GDP estimates for these countries may lack precision. For many developing countries, PPP-based GDP measures are multiples of the official exchange rate (OER) measure. The difference between the OER- and PPP-denominated GDP values for most of the weathly industrialized countries are generally much smaller.
Labor > Salaries and benefits > Hourly minimum wage: Hourly minimum wage at international USD (this means that discrepancies in purchasing power have been compensated for).
Government > Capital city > Name: This entry gives the name of the seat of government, its geographic coordinates, the time difference relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and the time observed in Washington, DC, and, if applicable, information on daylight saving time (DST). Where appropriate, a special note has been added to highlight those countries that have multiple time zones.
Government > Capital city > Geographic coordinates: This entry gives the name of the seat of government, its geographic coordinates, the time difference relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and the time observed in Washington, DC, and, if applicable, information on daylight saving time (DST). Where appropriate, a special note has been added to highlight those countries that have multiple time zones.
Environment > Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > Million metric tons: CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total (million metric tons). CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production is the sum of three IEA categories of CO2 emissions: (1) Main Activity Producer Electricity and Heat which contains the sum of emissions from main activity producer electricity generation, combined heat and power generation and heat plants. Main activity producers (formerly known as public utilities) are defined as those undertakings whose primary activity is to supply the public. They may be publicly or privately owned. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 1 a. For the CO2 emissions from fuel combustion (summary) file, emissions from own on-site use of fuel in power plants (EPOWERPLT) are also included. (2) Unallocated Autoproducers which contains the emissions from the generation of electricity and/or heat by autoproducers. Autoproducers are defined as undertakings that generate electricity and/or heat, wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, these emissions would normally be distributed between industry, transport and "other" sectors. (3) Other Energy Industries contains emissions from fuel combusted in petroleum refineries, for the manufacture of solid fuels, coal mining, oil and gas extraction and other energy-producing industries. This corresponds to the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 1 b and 1 A 1 c. According to the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, emissions from coke inputs to blast furnaces can either be counted here or in the Industrial Processes source/sink category. Within detailed sectoral calculations, certain non-energy processes can be distinguished. In the reduction of iron in a blast furnace through the combustion of coke, the primary purpose of the coke oxidation is to produce pig iron and the emissions can be considered as an industrial process. Care must be taken not to double count these emissions in both Energy and Industrial Processes. In the IEA estimations, these emissions have been included in this category.
Government > International organization participation: This entry lists in alphabetical order by abbreviation those international organizations in which the subject country is a member or participates in some other way.
People > Age dependency ratio > Dependents to working-age population: Age dependency ratio is the ratio of dependents--people younger than 15 or older than 64--to the working-age population--those ages 15-64. For example, 0.7 means there are 7 dependents for every 10 working-age people.
Crime > Prisoners: Total persons incarcerated
Weather > Temperature > Highest temperature ever recorded: Temperature.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Media > Internet > Users per 1000: This entry gives the number of users within a country that access the Internet. Statistics vary from country to country and may include users who access the Internet at least several times a week to those who access it only once within a period of several months. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Crime > Assaults: Number of assaults recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population.
Religion > Major religion(s): Country major religions.
Health > Probability of reaching 65 > Male: Probability at birth of reaching the age of 65.
Cost of living > Internet > Broadband 6Mpbs, uncapped data: Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014 (sample survey for the United States). Respondents were asked abot the price of an Internet connection (6 Mbps, Unlimited Data, Cable/ADSL)". Prices in current USD.
Geography > Area > Water: Total water area in square kilometers
People > Age structure > 0-14 years: The distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group (0-14 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest.
Military > Military service age and obligation: This entry gives the required ages for voluntary or conscript military service and the length of service obligation.
Transport > Airports: Total number of airports. Runways must be useable, but may be unpaved. May not have facilities for refuelling, maintenance, or air traffic control.
Geography > Area > Comparative to US places: This entry provides an area comparison based on total area equivalents. Most entities are compared with the entire US or one of the 50 states based on area measurements (1990 revised) provided by the US Bureau of the Census. The smaller entities are compared with Washington, DC (178 sq km, 69 sq mi) or The Mall in Washington, DC (0.59 sq km, 0.23 sq mi, 146 acres).
Crime > Punishment > Maximum length of sentence: Maximum length of sentence (under life).
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Language > Major language(s): Country major languages.
Economy > Currency > PPP conversion factor to official exchange rate ratio: Purchasing power parity conversion factor is the number of units of a country's currency required to buy the same amount of goods and services in the domestic market as a U.S. dollar would buy in the United States. Official exchange rate refers to the exchange rate determined by national authorities or to the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated as an annual average based on monthly averages (local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar). The ratio of the PPP conversion factor to the official exchange rate (also referred to as the national price level) makes it possible to compare the cost of the bundle of goods that make up gross domestic product (GDP) across countries. It tells how many dollars are needed to buy a dollar's worth of goods in the country as compared to the United States.
People > Gender > Male population: Total male population.
Energy > Electricity production > KWh: Electricity production (kWh). Electricity production is measured at the terminals of all alternator sets in a station. In addition to hydropower, coal, oil, gas, and nuclear power generation, it covers generation by geothermal, solar, wind, and tide and wave energy, as well as that from combustible renewables and waste. Production includes the output of electricity plants that are designed to produce electricity only as well as that of combined heat and power plants.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 60 or over > Total: Number of people aged 60 and older.
Religion > Christian > Orthodox > Orthodox population: Population by religion, sex and urban/rural residence.
Media > News Agencies > List of news agencies: List of news agencies.
Industry > Gross value added by construction: Gross Value Added by Kind of Economic Activity at current prices - US dollars.
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Apartment purchase price per sqm > City centre: Price per Square Meter to Buy Apartment in City Centre. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Price per Square Meter to Buy Apartment in City Centre". Prices in current USD.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-64: Percentage of total population aged 15-64.
Economy > Fiscal year: The beginning and ending months for a country's accounting period of 12 months, which often is the calendar year but which may begin in any month. All yearly references are for the calendar year (CY) unless indicated as a noncalendar fiscal year (FY).
Background > Overview: A geopolitical overview of every sovereign country in the world, briefly examining their recent history and place on the global stage. The texts are taken from the BBC News website.
Crime > Auto theft: Number of motor vehicle thefts (car thefts) recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population.
Energy > Energy use > Kg of oil equivalent per capita: Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita). Energy use refers to use of primary energy before transformation to other end-use fuels, which is equal to indigenous production plus imports and stock changes, minus exports and fuels supplied to ships and aircraft engaged in international transport.
People > Age structure > 65 years and over: The distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group (0-14 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest."
Economy > GDP > Composition by sector > Industry: The gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods produced by the industrial sector within a nation in a given year. GDP dollar estimates in the Factbook are derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) calculations. See the CIA World Factbook for more information.
Crime > Perceived problems > Problem violent crimes including assault and armed robbery: Problem violent crimes such as assault and armed robbery. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How much of a problem are...) violent crimes such as assault and armed robbery?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Geography > Population density > People per sq. km: Population density is midyear population divided by land area in square kilometers. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. Land area is a country's total area, excluding area under inland water bodies, national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones. In most cases the definition of inland water bodies includes major rivers and lakes.
Labor > Hours worked > Standard workweek: Standard workweek (hours).
Media > Internet > Fixed broadband Internet subscribers per 1000: Fixed broadband Internet subscribers. Fixed broadband Internet subscribers are the number of broadband subscribers with a digital subscriber line, cable modem, or other high-speed technology. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Economy > Currency > Official exchange rate > LCU per US$, period average: Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average). Official exchange rate refers to the exchange rate determined by national authorities or to the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated as an annual average based on monthly averages (local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar).
Crime > Murders > WHO: Intentional homicide rate is the estimate of intentional homicides in a country as a result of domestic disputes that end in a killing, interpersonal violence, violent conflicts over land resources, inter-gang violence over turf or control, and predatory violence and killing by armed groups. The term, intentional homicide, is broad, but it does not include all intentional killing. In particular, deaths arising from armed conflict are usually considered separately. The difference is usually described by the organisation of the killing. Individuals or small groups usually commit homicide, whereas the killing in armed conflict is usually committed by more or less cohesive groups of up to several hundred members. Two main sources of data are presented: criminal justice (law enforcement) measures (this series), supplemented by data from national statistical agencies, and measures from public health sources (see other intentional homicide series). These various sources measure slightly different phenomena and are therefore unlikely to provide identical numbers."
Industry > Patent applications > Residents > Per capita: Patent applications are applications filed with a national patent office for exclusive rights for an invention--a product or process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem. A patent provides protection for the invention to the owner of the patent for a limited period, generally 20 years. Per capita figures expressed per 1 million population.
Agriculture > Agriculture, value added > Current US$: Agriculture, value added (current US$), including forestry, hunting, and fishing, as well as cultivation of crops and livestock production. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources.
People > Nationality > Noun: The noun which identifies citizens of the nation
Health > Diseases > Cancer > Cancer death rate (per 100,000 population): The number of people that will die from cancer out of 100,000 people the same age. The number is not an accurate telling of the country's cancer rate, but rather how fatal cancer is in each country.
Economy > Inequality > GINI index: Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household. The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality."
Agriculture > Cultivable land > Hectares: Cultivable land (in hectares) includes land defined by the Food and Agriculture Organisation as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded."
Media > Radio > List of radio stations: List of radio stations.
Culture > Food and drink > Beer consumption: Total national beer consumption (litres).
Crime > Fear of crime > Feels safe walking alone > During the day: Safety walking alone during daylight. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How safe do you feel walking alone in this city during the daylight?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Economy > Imports per capita: This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise imports on a c.i.f. (cost, insurance, and freight) or f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Transport > Waterways: The total length and individual names of navigable rivers, canals, and other inland bodies of water.
Economy > Gross National Income per capita: GNI, Atlas method (current US$). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and prop). Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Military > Armed forces personnel: Total armed forces (2000)
Education > Literacy > Female: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Industry: This entry lists the percentage distribution of the labor force by occupation. The distribution will total less than 100 percent if the data are incomplete.
Labor > Labor force, total: Labor force, total. Total labor force comprises people ages 15 and older who meet the International Labour Organization definition of the economically active population: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part-time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers, but excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector.
Agriculture > Farm workers: Agricultural employment shows the number of agricultural workers in the agricultural sector.
Crime > Serious assault rate: Number of major assaults recorded by police per 100,000 population
Economy > Tax > Highest marginal tax rate > Individual rate: Highest marginal tax rate (individual rate) is the highest rate shown on the schedule of tax rates applied to the taxable income of individuals.
Health > Infant mortality rate > Total: This entry gives the number of deaths of infants under one year old in a given year per 1,000 live births in the same year; included is the total death rate, and deaths by sex, male and female. This rate is often used as an indicator of the level of health in a country.
Cost of living > Clothing and shoe prices > Jeans > 1 pair of Levi 501s or equivalent: 1 Pair of Jeans (Levis 501 Or Similar). Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "1 Pair of Jeans (Levis 501 Or Similar)". Prices in current USD.
People > Age distribution > Elderly dependency ratio: Percentage of dependant adults out of total population aged 15-64. A dependant adult is an adult aged 65 and older.
Energy > Electrical outages > Days: Electrical outages are the average number of days per year that establishments experience power outages or surges from the public grid.
Transport > Commute > Distance: Distance. Based on 0-50 contributions for Argentina, Armenia, Austria and 63 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Germany and 5 more countries and over 100 contributions for Canada, India, and United States. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Distance".
Geography > Elevation extremes > Highest point: Highest point above sea level
Economy > Technology index: The technology index denotes the country's technological readiness. This index is created with such indicators as companies spending on R&D, the creativity of its scientific community, personal computer and internet penetration rates.
Agriculture > Agricultural growth per capita: Net per capita agricultural production, expressed in International Dollars. Net means after deduction of feed and seed. International Dollars are calculated using the Geary-Khamis formula, which is designed to neutralize irrelevant exchange rate movements (more information on http://faostat3.fao.org/faostat-gateway/go/to/mes/glossary/*/E)
Transport > Road > Expressway length: Expressway length (km).
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Transport > Motor vehicles: Motor vehicles per 1,000 people
Military > Military expenditures: This entry gives spending on defense programs for the most recent year available as a percent of gross domestic product (GDP); the GDP is calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP). For countries with no military forces, this figure can include expenditures on public security and police.
Agriculture > Products: Major agricultural crops and products
Cost of living > Consumer price index > Plus rent: Consumer Price Plus Rent Index is an estimation of consumer goods prices including rent in the city comparing to New York City. If a city has a an index of 120, it means Numbeo estimates it is 20% more expensive than New York (excluding rent).
Media > Internet > Internet users > Per 100 people: Internet users (per 100 people). Internet users are people with access to the worldwide network.
Cost of living > Restaurant prices > McDonalds meal: Combo Meal at McDonalds or Similar. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Combo Meal at McDonalds or Similar". Prices in current USD.
Environment > Pollution perceptions > Water pollution: Water Pollution. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Are you concerned with the water pollution in this city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Economy > Development > Human Development Index: Human Development Index trends, 1980-2012.
Economy > Population below poverty line > Per capita: National estimates of the percentage of the population lying below the poverty line are based on surveys of sub-groups, with the results weighted by the number of people in each group. Definitions of poverty vary considerably among nations. For example, rich nations generally employ more generous standards of poverty than poor nations. Per capita figures expressed per 1 million population.
Education > Children out of school, primary, female per 1000: Children out of school, primary, female. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Female is the total number of female primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 0-4 > Percent: Percentage of total population aged 0-4.
People > Physicians density: This entry gives the number of medical doctors (physicians), including generalist and specialist medical practitioners, per 1,000 of the population. Medical doctors are defined as doctors that study, diagnose, treat, and prevent illness, disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in humans through the application of modern medicine. They also plan, supervise, and evaluate care and treatment plans by other health care providers. The World Health Organization estimates that fewer than 2.3 health workers (physicians, nurses, and midwives only) per 1,000 would be insufficient to achieve coverage of primary healthcare needs.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Chicken breasts > Skinless, boneless: Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014 (sample survey for the United States). Respondents were asked about the price of 1 kg of Chicken Breasts (Boneless, Skinless). Prices in current USD.
Economy > Big Mac Index: Price of a McDonald's Big Mac in US Dollars at current exchange rates. January 12th, 2006.
Agriculture > Arable land > Hectares per 1000: Arable land (in hectares) includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Military > Military branches: This entry lists the service branches subordinate to defense ministries or the equivalent (typically ground, naval, air, and marine forces).
People > Marriage, divorce and children > Total divorces: Total number of divorces in given year by country.
Economy > GDP > Per capita > PPP per thousand people: This entry shows GDP on a purchasing power parity basis divided by population as of 1 July for the same year. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Energy > Electricity > Installed generating capacity per thousand people: This entry is the total capacity of currently installed generators, expressed in kilowatts (kW), to produce electricity. A 10-kilowatt (kW) generator will produce 10 kilowatt hours (kWh) of electricity, if it runs continuously for one hour. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 65 or over > Total: Number of people 65 years old and older.
Education > College and university > Gender ratio: Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment is the percentage of men to women enrolled at tertiary level in public and private schools.
Economy > Exports > Commodities: This entry provides a listing of the highest-valued exported products; it sometimes includes the percent of total dollar value.
Energy > Electricity > Consumption per capita: Total electricity consumed annually plus imports and minus exports, expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Energy > Gasoline > Pump price for gasoline > US$ per liter: Pump price for gasoline (US$ per liter). Fuel prices refer to the pump prices of the most widely sold grade of gasoline. Prices have been converted from the local currency to U.S. dollars.
Religion > Christianity > Percent Christian: Percentage of population that is Christian.
Agriculture > Produce > Crop > Production index: Crop production index shows agricultural production for each year relative to the base period 1999-2001. It includes all crops except fodder crops. Regional and income group aggregates for the FAO's production indexes are calculated from the underlying values in international dollars, normalized to the base period 1999-2001.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-59 > Total: Number of people aged 15-59.
Industry > Gross value added by manufacturing: Gross Value Added by Kind of Economic Activity at current prices - US dollars.
Crime > Prisoners > Per capita: Data for 2003. Number of prisoners held per 100,000 population.
Crime > Punishment > Crimes possibly attracting life sentence: Possible other sentence.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Groceries index: Groceries Index is an estimation of grocery prices in a given location compared to New York City. To calculate this section, Numbeo uses the "Markets" section of each city.
Geography > Total area > Sq. km: Surface area is a country's total area, including areas under inland bodies of water and some coastal waterways."
Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Agriculture: This entry lists the percentage distribution of the labor force by occupation. The distribution will total less than 100 percent if the data are incomplete.
Religion > Seventh-day Adventist Membership: This entry lists Seventh-day Adventist membership worldwide as of 2004. Membership is defined as baptised and active.
Economy > Poverty and inequality > Richest quintile to poorest quintile ratio: The ratio of average income of the richest 20% of the population to the average income of the poorest 20% of the population.
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Rent per month > 1 bedroom apartment > City centre: Apartment (1 bedroom) in City Centre. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Apartment (1 bedroom) in City Centre". Prices in current USD.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Apple > 1kg: Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014 (sample survey for the United States). Respondents were asked about the price of 1 kg of apples. Prices in current USD.
Energy > Electricity > Production: The annual electricity generated expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution.
Government > Country name > Conventional long form: This entry is derived from Government > Country name, which includes all forms of the country's name approved by the US Board on Geographic Names (Italy is used as an example): conventional long form (Italian Republic), conventional short form (Italy), local long form (Repubblica Italiana), local short form (Italia), former (Kingdom of Italy), as well as the abbreviation. Also see the Terminology note.
Media > Personal computers per 1000: Personal computers are self-contained computers designed to be used by a single individual. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Transport > Highways > Total > Per capita: total length of the highway system Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 80 or over > Total: Number of people aged 80 years and older.
Transport > Vehicles > Per km of road: Vehicles per kilometer of road include cars, buses, and freight vehicles but do not include two-wheelers. Roads refer to motorways, highways, main or national roads, secondary or regional roads, and other roads. A motorway is a road specially designed and built for motor traffic that separates the traffic flowing in opposite directions."
People > Cities > Urban population: Total population living in urban areas. The defition of an urban area differs for each country. Future estimates are from the UN Population Division.
Geography > Land use > Arable land: The percentage of used land that is arable. Arable land is land cultivated for crops that are replanted after each harvest like wheat, maize, and rice
Industry > CO2 emissions from manufacturing industries and construction > Million metric tons: CO2 emissions from manufacturing industries and construction (million metric tons). CO2 emissions from manufacturing industries and construction contains the emissions from combustion of fuels in industry. The IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 2 includes these emissions. However, in the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, the IPCC category also includes emissions from industry autoproducers that generate electricity and/or heat. The IEA data are not collected in a way that allows the energy consumption to be split by specific end-use and therefore, autoproducers are shown as a separate item (Unallocated Autoproducers). Manufacturing industries and construction also includes emissions from coke inputs into blast furnaces, which may be reported either in the transformation sector, the industry sector or the separate IPCC Source/Sink Category 2, Industrial Processes.
Religion > Secularism and atheism > Population considering religion unimportant: Percentage of population who says religion is not important in their daily lives. The survey was carried out within the Gallup Poll.
Transport > Motor vehicles > Per 1,000 people: Motor vehicles include cars, buses, and freight vehicles but do not include two-wheelers. Population refers to midyear population in the year for which data are available."
Government > Civil law system: Description.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Crime > Fear of crime > Worries about being attacked: Worries attacked. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How worried are you about)......being physically attacked by strangers?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Services: This entry lists the percentage distribution of the labor force by occupation. The distribution will total less than 100 percent if the data are incomplete.
People > Abortion > Abortion rate: Abortions per 1000 women.
Culture > World Heritage Sites: Cultural sites.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Geography > Land boundaries > Border countries: Length of land boundaries by border country
Transport > Passenger cars > Per 1,000 people: Passenger cars refer to road motor vehicles, other than two-wheelers, intended for the carriage of passengers and designed to seat no more than nine people (including the driver)."
Economy > Imports: This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise imports on a c.i.f. (cost, insurance, and freight) or f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms.
People > Nationality > Adjective: This entry is derived from People > Nationality, which provides the identifying terms for citizens - noun and adjective.
Agriculture > Produce > Food > Production index: Food production index covers food crops that are considered edible and that contain nutrients. Coffee and tea are excluded because, although edible, they have no nutritive value.
Media > Radio broadcast stations: The total number of AM, FM, and shortwave broadcast stations.
Health > Deaths > Percent deaths registered: Civil registration coverage of deaths (%).
People > Sex ratio > Total population: The number of males for each female one of five age groups - at birth, under 15 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over, and for the total population. Sex ratio at birth has recently emerged as an indicator of certain kinds of sex discrimination in some countries. For instance, high sex ratios at birth in some Asian countries are now attributed to sex-selective abortion and infanticide due to a strong preference for sons. This will affect future marriage patterns and fertility patterns. Eventually it could cause unrest among young adult males who are unable to find partners.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 5-14 > Percent: Percentage of total population aged 5-14.
Environment > Pollution perceptions > Air quality: Air quality. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How satisfied are you with the quality of air in this city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Health > Fertility rate > Total > Births per woman: Total fertility rate represents the number of children that would be born to a woman if she were to live to the end of her childbearing years and bear children in accordance with current age-specific fertility rates.
Industry > Growth: Annual growth rate for industrial value added based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2000 U.S. dollars. Industry corresponds to ISIC divisions 10-45 and includes manufacturing (ISIC divisions 15-37). It comprises value added in mining, manufacturing (also reported as a separate subgroup), construction, electricity, water, and gas. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3."
Lifestyle > Happiness level > Very happy: Proportion of people who answered the survey question: "Taking all things together, would you say you are: very happy, quite happy, not very happy, or not at all happy?" by stating that they were "Very happy".
Sports > Chess > GrandMasters: Number of GrandMaster chess champions, by country. A GrandMaster is the highest level of recognition in chess.
Government > Executive branch > Elections: Elections includes the nature of election process or accession to power, date of the last election, and date of the next election
Crime > Software piracy rate: The piracy rate is the total number of units of pirated software deployed in 2007 divided by the total units of software installed.
Health > Infant mortality rate: The number of deaths of infants under one year old in a given year per 1,000 live births in the same year. This rate is often used as an indicator of the level of health in a country
Religion > Christian > Mormon > Congregations: Total Congregations.
Military > Expenditures > Percent of GDP: Current military expenditures as an estimated percent of gross domestic product (GDP).
Economy > Budget > Expenditures: Expenditures calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms
People > Sex ratio > At birth: The number of males for each female one of five age groups - at birth, under 15 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over, and for the total population. Sex ratio at birth has recently emerged as an indicator of certain kinds of sex discrimination in some countries. For instance, high sex ratios at birth in some Asian countries are now attributed to sex-selective abortion and infanticide due to a strong preference for sons. This will affect future marriage patterns and fertility patterns. Eventually it could cause unrest among young adult males who are unable to find partners.
Environment > Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$: Adjusted net national income (constant 2000 US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion.
Health > HIV AIDS > People living with HIV AIDS > Per capita: An estimate of all people (adults and children) alive at yearend with HIV infection, whether or not they have developed symptoms of AIDS. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Energy > Crude oil > Production: This entry is the total amount of crude oil produced, in barrels per day (bbl/day).
Lifestyle > Happiness net: This statistic is compiled from responses to the survey question: "Taking all things together, would you say you are: very happy, quite happy, not very happy, or not at all happy?". The "Happiness (net)" statistic was obtained via the following formula: the percentage of people who rated themselves as either "quite happy" or "very happy" minus the percentage of people who rated themselves as either "not very happy" or "not at all happy".
Background > National tree: Name of tree.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Economy > GINI index: Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household. The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality.
Media > Daily newspapers > Per 1,000 people: Daily newspapers refer to those published at least four times a week and calculated as average circulation (or copies printed) per 1,000 people."
Cost of living > Restaurant prices > Restaurant index: Restaurants Index is a comparison of prices of meals and drinks in restaurants and bars compared to NYC.
Economy > Reserves of foreign exchange and gold per capita: This entry gives the dollar value for the stock of all financial assets that are available to the central monetary authority for use in meeting a country's balance of payments needs as of the end-date of the period specified. This category includes not only foreign currency and gold, but also a country's holdings of Special Drawing Rights in the International Monetary Fund, and its reserve position in the Fund. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Economy > Debt > Net foreign assets > Current LCU: Net foreign assets (current LCU). Net foreign assets are the sum of foreign assets held by monetary authorities and deposit money banks, less their foreign liabilities. Data are in current local currency.
People > Marriage, divorce and children > Marriages: Marriages by urban/rural residence.
Economy > Tourist arrivals: International inbound tourists (overnight visitors) are the number of tourists who travel to a country other than that in which they have their usual residence, but outside their usual environment, for a period not exceeding 12 months and whose main purpose in visiting is other than an activity remunerated from within the country visited. When data on number of tourists are not available, the number of visitors, which includes tourists, same-day visitors, cruise passengers, and crew members, is shown instead. Sources and collection methods for arrivals differ across countries. In some cases data are from border statistics (police, immigration, and the like) and supplemented by border surveys. In other cases data are from tourism accommodation establishments. For some countries number of arrivals is limited to arrivals by air and for others to arrivals staying in hotels. Some countries include arrivals of nationals residing abroad while others do not. Caution should thus be used in comparing arrivals across countries. The data on inbound tourists refer to the number of arrivals, not to the number of people traveling. Thus a person who makes several trips to a country during a given period is counted each time as a new arrival."
Crime > Perceived problems > Property crimes including vandalism and theft: Problem property crimes such as vandalism and theft. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How much of a problem are...) property crimes such as vandalism and theft?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Economy > Budget > Revenues > Per capita: Revenues calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Transport > Rail > Railway length: Railway length in kilometers.
Cost of living > Sports > Tennis court hire > 1 hour, weekend: Tennis Court Rent (1 Hour on Weekend). Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Tennis Court Rent (1 Hour on Weekend)". Prices in current USD.
Environment > Transport CO2 emission index: CO2 Emission Index is an estimation of CO2 consumption due to traffic time. Measurement unit is grams for the return trip. To calculate an average estimation of emission in grams for one way commute to work, divide this value with 2.
Industry > Industry, value added > Current US$: Industry, value added (current US$). Industry corresponds to ISIC divisions 10-45 and includes manufacturing (ISIC divisions 15-37). It comprises value added in mining, manufacturing (also reported as a separate subgroup), construction, electricity, water, and gas. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Apartment purchase price per sqm > Outside city centre: Price per Square Meter to Buy Apartment Outside of Centre. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Price per Square Meter to Buy Apartment Outside of Centre". Prices in current USD.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Potatoes > 1kg: Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014 (sample survey for the United States). Respondents were asked about the price of 1 kg of potatoes. Prices in current USD.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 80 or over > Percent: Percentage of total population aged 80 and older.
Education > Child care (preschool) > Duration: Number of years students study at the pre-primary (preschool) level. It should be noted that not all countries require pre-primary education.
Economy > Inbound tourism income > Current US$: International tourism receipts are expenditures by international inbound visitors, including payments to national carriers for international transport. These receipts include any other prepayment made for goods or services received in the destination country. They also may include receipts from same-day visitors, except when these are important enough to justify separate classification. For some countries they do not include receipts for passenger transport items. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
Environment > CO2 Emissions per 1000: CO2: Total Emissions (excluding land-use) Units: thousand metric tonnes of carbon dioxide. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Media > Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers > Per 1,000 people: Fixed lines are telephone mainlines connecting a customer's equipment to the public switched telephone network. Mobile phone subscribers refer to users of portable telephones subscribing to an automatic public mobile telephone service using cellular technology that provides access to the public switched telephone network.
Energy > Electricity > Consumption by households per capita: . Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Economy > Tax > Tax rates: Revenue is cash receipts from taxes, social contributions, and other revenues such as fines, fees, rent, and income from property or sales. Grants are also considered as revenue but are excluded here."
Government > National symbol(s): A national symbol is a faunal, floral, or other abstract representation - or some distinctive object - that over time has come to be closely identified with a country or entity. Not all countries have national symbols; a few countries have more than one.
Industry > Gross value added by construction per capita: Gross Value Added by Kind of Economic Activity at current prices - US dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Religion > Muslim > Muslim percentage of total population: Muslim percentage (%) of total population 2014 Pew Report.
Geography > Irrigated land: The number of square kilometers of land area that is artificially supplied with water.
Transport > Gross value added by transport, storage and communication: Gross Value Added by Kind of Economic Activity at current prices - US dollars.
Labor > GNI > Current US$: GNI (current US$). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Military > Armed forces personnel > Total: Armed forces personnel are active duty military personnel, including paramilitary forces if the training, organisation, equipment, and control suggest they may be used to support or replace regular military forces."
Media > Internet > Users > Per capita: This entry gives the number of users within a country that access the Internet. Statistics vary from country to country and may include users who access the Internet at least several times a week to those who access it only once within a period of several months. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Economy > GDP per person: GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Education > Secondary education > Teachers > Per capita: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Energy > Electricity production from renewable sources > KWh: Electricity production from renewable sources (kWh). Electricity production from renewable sources includes hydropower, geothermal, solar, tides, wind, biomass, and biofuels.
Education > Duration of compulsory education: Duration of compulsory education is the number of grades (or years) that a child must legally be enrolled in school.
Religion > Islam > Percentage Muslim: Percent of Muslims in each country.
Health > Births and maternity > Infant mortality rate: How many infants, out of 1000, who will die before attaining one year of age.
Environment > Pollution perceptions > Drinking water pollution: Drinking Water Pollution and Inaccessibility. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How do you find quality and the accessibility of drinking water?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Cost of living > Restaurant prices > 3 course meal for 2: Meal for 2, Mid-range Restaurant, Three-course. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Meal for 2, Mid-range Restaurant, Three-course". Prices in current USD.
Culture > Smoking > Cigarettes per adult per year: This list compares the average annual consumption of cigarettes per adult in countries around the world. Ten european countries top the list, all located at the East of the continent, with the exception of Greece. Developed asian countries like China, South Korea and Japan also register high cigarette consumption, while Africa hosts the countries with less consumption.
Environment > Proportion of land area under protection: Terrestrial areas protected to total surface area, percentage.
Media > Telecoms > Telephone lines per 1000: Telephone lines. Telephone lines are fixed telephone lines that connect a subscriber's terminal equipment to the public switched telephone network and that have a port on a telephone exchange. Integrated services digital network channels ands fixed wireless subscribers are included. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Health > Life expectancy > Women: Life expectancy for women.
Economy > Exports > Main exports: Country main exports.
Geography > Natural hazards: Potential natural disasters.
Labor > Employment rate > Adults: Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15 and older are generally considered the working-age population.
Government > Flag description: A written flag description produced from actual flags or the best information available at the time the entry was written. The flags of independent states are used by their dependencies unless there is an officially recognized local flag. Some disputed and other areas do not have flags.
Economy > Budget > Revenues per capita: Revenues calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Geography > Rural population density > Rural population per sq. km of arable land: Rural population density is the rural population divided by the arable land area. Rural population is calculated as the difference between the total population and the urban population. Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded.
Geography > Maritime claims > Territorial sea: territorial sea - the sovereignty of a coastal State extends beyond its land territory and internal waters to an adjacent belt of sea, described as the territorial sea in the LOS Convention (Part II); this sovereignty extends to the air space over the territorial sea as well as its underlying seabed and subsoil; every State has the right to establish the breadth of its territorial sea up to a limit not exceeding 12 nautical miles. A full and definitive definition can be found in the Law of the Sea (LOS) Convention.
Labor > Expense > Current LCU: Expense (current LCU). Expense is cash payments for operating activities of the government in providing goods and services. It includes compensation of employees (such as wages and salaries), interest and subsidies, grants, social benefits, and other expenses such as rent and dividends.
Environment > Pollution perceptions > Clean water: Water Quality. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Are you concerned with the water pollution in this city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Economy > Debt > External: Total public and private debt owed to non-residents repayable in foreign currency, goods, or services.
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Rent per month > 1 bedroom apartment > Outside city centre: Apartment (1 bedroom) Outside of Centre. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Apartment (1 bedroom) Outside of Centre". Prices in current USD.
Economy > Gross domestic savings > Current US$ per capita: Gross domestic savings are calculated as GDP less final consumption expenditure (total consumption). Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Crime > Perceived problems > Illegal drugs: Problem people using or dealing drugs. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How much of a problem are...) people using or dealing drugs?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Media > Televisions: The total number of televisions
Education > Secondary education, pupils: Secondary education, pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled at public and private secondary education institutions.
Agriculture > Agricultural machinery > Tractors > Per capita: Agricultural machinery refers to the number of wheel and crawler tractors (excluding garden tractors) in use in agriculture at the end of the calendar year specified or during the first quarter of the following year. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Media > Telephones > Main lines in use > Per capita: The total number of main telephone lines in use. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Education > College and university > Private school share: Percentage of post-secondary students who attend a private school, college, or university.
Language > Linguistic diversity index: LDI.
Economy > Debt > External > Per capita: Total public and private debt owed to non-residents repayable in foreign currency, goods, or services. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Crime > Perceived problems > Problem corruption and bribery: Problem corruption and bribery. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How much of a problem are...) corruption and bribery?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
People > Marriage, divorce and children > Marriages per thousand people: Marriages by urban/rural residence. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Economy > GDP > Composition by sector > Services: The gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final services produced within a nation in a given year. GDP dollar estimates in the Factbook are derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) calculations. See the CIA World Factbook for more information.
Media > Internet users > Per 100 people: Internet users are people with access to the worldwide network.
Energy > Electricity > Production > Per capita: The annual electricity generated expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Transport > Road > Motorway density: Meters of motorway per square kilometer.
Geography > Area > Land per 1000: Total land area in square kilometres. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.

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STAT	Estonia	Russia
Cost of living > Average monthly disposable salary > After tax	$914.97 Ranked 62nd. 33% more than Russia	$686.16 Ranked 80th.
Crime > Crime levels	23.75 Ranked 15th.	54.32 Ranked 35th. 2 times more than Estonia
Crime > Murder rate	7.1	15
Crime > Rape rate	6 Ranked 30th. 76% more than Russia	3.4 Ranked 38th.
Crime > Violent crime > Intentional homicide rate	6 Ranked 6th.	12 Ranked 21st. Twice as much as Estonia
Crime > Violent crime > Murder rate	70 Ranked 63th.	14,574 Ranked 5th. 208 times more than Estonia
Crime > Violent crime > Murder rate per million people	52.23 Ranked 41st.	102.35 Ranked 30th. 96% more than Estonia
Economy > GDP	$21.85 billion Ranked 96th.	$2.01 trillion Ranked 9th. 92 times more than Estonia
Economy > GDP per capita	$16,316.46 Ranked 40th. 16% more than Russia	$14,037.03 Ranked 44th.
Economy > Gross National Income	$5.27 billion Ranked 92nd.	$253.00 billion Ranked 17th. 48 times more than Estonia
Economy > Population below poverty line	17.5% Ranked 30th. 38% more than Russia	12.7% Ranked 27th.
Geography > Land area > Square miles	17,462 square miles Ranked 60th.	6.6 million square miles Ranked 1st. 378 times more than Estonia
Government > Government type	parliamentary republic	federation
Health > Physicians > Per 1,000 people	3.16 per 1,000 people Ranked 23th.	4.25 per 1,000 people Ranked 2nd. 34% more than Estonia
People > Population	1.27 million Ranked 157th.	142.5 million Ranked 9th. 113 times more than Estonia
Government > Legal system	civil law system	civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts
People > Age distribution > Population aged 0-14	15.95% Ranked 84th.	16.99% Ranked 56th. 7% more than Estonia
Health > Births and maternity > Total fertility rate	1.91% Ranked 59th. 1% more than Russia	1.9% Ranked 68th.
Geography > Area > Comparative	slightly smaller than New Hampshire and Vermont combined	approximately 1.8 times the size of the US
Crime > Violent crime > Gun crime > Guns per 100 residents	9.2 Ranked 63th. 3% more than Russia	8.9 Ranked 66th.
Crime > Age of criminal responsibility	14 Ranked 25th. The same as Russia	14 Ranked 26th.
Economy > Budget surplus > + or deficit > -	-0.3% of GDP Ranked 44th. 3 times more than Russia	-0.1% of GDP Ranked 41st.
Geography > Climate	maritime; wet, moderate winters, cool summers	ranges from steppes in the south through humid continental in much of European Russia; subarctic in Siberia to tundra climate in the polar north; winters vary from cool along Black Sea coast to frigid in Siberia; summers vary from warm in the steppes to cool along Arctic coast
Crime > Violent crime > Rapes per million people	60.44 Ranked 30th. 75% more than Russia	34.46 Ranked 37th.
Geography > Area > Land	43,211 sq km Ranked 130th.	17 million sq km Ranked 1st. 393 times more than Estonia
Government > Legislative branch	unicameral Parliament or Riigikogu	bicameral Federal Assembly or Federalnoye Sobraniye consists of an upper house, the Federation Council or Sovet Federatsii (168 seats; as of July 2000, members appointed by the top executive and legislative officials in each of the 84 federal administrative units - oblasts, krays, republics, autonomous okrugs and oblasts, and the federal cities of Moscow and Saint Petersburg; to serve four-year terms) and a lower house, the State Duma or Gosudarstvennaya Duma (450 seats; as of 2007, all members elected by proportional representation from party lists winning at least 7% of the vote; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
Geography > Geographic coordinates	59 00 N, 26 00 E	60 00 N, 100 00 E
Religion > Religions	Evangelical Lutheran 13.6%, Orthodox 12.8%, other Christian (including Methodist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal) 1.4%, unaffiliated 34.1%, other and unspecified 32%, none 6.1%	Russian Orthodox 15-20%, Muslim 10-15%, other Christian 2%; <i>note:</i> estimates are of practicing worshipers; Russia has large populations of non-practicing believers and non-believers, a legacy of over seven decades of Soviet rule
Cost of living > Local purchasing power	47.46 Ranked 55th. 32% more than Russia	35.93 Ranked 79th.
People > Population > Population growth, past and future	-0.193 Ranked 127th.	-0.22 Ranked 135th. 14% more than Estonia
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Cigarettes > Pack of Marlboro	$4.37 Ranked 44th. 3 times more than Russia	$1.66 Ranked 129th.
Environment > Marine fish catch	95,315 tons Ranked 56th.	3.47 million tons Ranked 5th. 36 times more than Estonia
Economy > Unemployment rate	10.2% Ranked 42nd. 85% more than Russia	5.5% Ranked 83th.
People > Ethnic groups	Estonian 68.7%, Russian 25.6%, Ukrainian 2.1%, Belarusian 1.2%, Finn 0.8%, other 1.6%	Russian 79.8%, Tatar 3.8%, Ukrainian 2%, Bashkir 1.2%, Chuvash 1.1%, other or unspecified 12.1%
Government > Suffrage	18 years of age; universal for all Estonian citizens	18 years of age; universal
Geography > Area > Total	45,228 sq km Ranked 134th.	17.1 million sq km Ranked 1st. 378 times more than Estonia
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-24 > Percent	11.27% Ranked 77th.	11.68% Ranked 64th. 4% more than Estonia
Government > Constitution	several previous; latest adopted 28 June 1992; amended several times, last in 2012	several previous (during Russian Empire and Soviet eras); latest drafted 12 July 1993, adopted by referendum 12 December 1993, effective 25 December 1993; amended 2008
Agriculture > Arable land > Hectares	591,000 hectares Ranked 55th.	121.78 million hectares Ranked 3rd. 206 times more than Estonia
Crime > Total crimes	57,799 Ranked 54th.	2.95 million Ranked 5th. 51 times more than Estonia
Crime > Drugs > Annual cannabis use	6% Ranked 7th. 71% more than Russia	3.5% Ranked 16th.
Labor > Salaries and benefits > Minimum wage	title=Miinimumpalk t\u00f5useb 320 eurolt 355 eurole kuus\|url= http://arileht.delfi.ee/news/uudised/miinimumpalk-touseb-320-eurolt-355-eurole-kuus.d?id=67341380\|trans_title=Minimum wage rises from 320 to 355, 390 from 2015\|publisher=delfi.ee\|language=Estonian\|accessdate=1 January 2014}}</ref>	url= http://russianamericanbusiness.org/web_CURRENT/articles/1145/1/The-minimum-wage-will-increase-by-12.9-percent-up-to-5,205-roubles-in-2013\|title=The minimum wage will increase by 12.9 percent up to 5,205 roubles in 2013\|accessdate=14 June 2013}}</ref>
Crime > Violent crime > Rapes	81 Ranked 42nd.	4,907 Ranked 8th. 61 times more than Estonia
Government > Judicial branch	Supreme Court (chairman appointed for life by Parliament)	Constitutional Court; Supreme Court; Supreme Arbitration Court; judges for all courts are appointed for life by the Federation Council on the recommendation of the president
Education > Children out of school, primary	2,112 Ranked 98th.	217,543 Ranked 30th. 103 times more than Estonia
Transport > Road > Motor vehicles per 1000 people	476 Ranked 39th. 62% more than Russia	293 Ranked 57th.
Economy > GDP > Purchasing power parity per capita	$18,393.31 Ranked 48th. 17% more than Russia	$15,654.30 Ranked 53th.
Geography > Land area > Sq. km	42,390 sq km Ranked 126th.	16.38 million sq km Ranked 1st. 386 times more than Estonia
People > Birth rate	10.38 births/1,000 population Ranked 184th.	12.11 births/1,000 population Ranked 164th. 17% more than Estonia
Crime > Drugs > Opiates use	0.81% Ranked 1st.	1.64% Ranked 1st. 2 times more than Estonia
Crime > Total crimes per 1000	42.54 Ranked 19th. 2 times more than Russia	20.32 Ranked 41st.
People > Population growth	-0.193% Ranked 127th.	-0.22% Ranked 135th. 14% more than Estonia
Education > Pupil-teacher ratio, primary	11.72 Ranked 118th.	18.06 Ranked 77th. 54% more than Estonia
Economy > Budget > Revenues	$8.15 billion Ranked 87th.	$416.80 billion Ranked 12th. 51 times more than Estonia
People > Age distribution > Median age	45.12 years Ranked 109th. 6% more than Russia	42.38 years Ranked 143th.
Economy > GDP > Per capita > PPP	$21,700.00 Ranked 45th. 24% more than Russia	$17,500.00 Ranked 57th.
Industry > Manufacturing output	2.49 billion Ranked 86th.	119.14 billion Ranked 12th. 48 times more than Estonia
Crime > Justice system > Punishment > Capital punishment (last execution year)	1,991 Ranked 9th.	1,996 Ranked 4th. About the same as Estonia
Government > Political parties and leaders	Center Party of Estonia (Keskerakond) [Edgar SAVISAAR]<br />Estonian Greens (Rohelised) [Aleksander LAANE]<br />Estonian Conservative People's Party (Konservatiivne Rahvaerakond) or EKRE [Margo MILJAND]<br />Estonian Reform Party (Reformierakond) [Andrus ANSIP]<br />Social Democratic Party or SDE [Sven MIKSER]<br />Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica (Isamaa je Res Publica Liit) or IRL [Urmas REINSALU]	A Just Russia [Sergey MIRONOV]<br />Communist Party of the Russian Federation or CPRF [Gennadiy ZYUGANOV]<br />Liberal Democratic Party of Russia or LDPR [Vladimir ZHIRINOVSKIY]<br />Right Cause [Andrey DUNAYEV]<br />Rodina [Aleksey ZHURAVLEV]<br />United Russia [Dmitriy MEDVEDEV]<br />Yabloko Party [Sergey MITROKHIN]
Energy > Commercial energy use	3,302.61 Ranked 31st.	4,218.12 Ranked 21st. 28% more than Estonia
Economy > Economy > Overview	Estonia, a member of the European Union and the eurozone since 2004, has a modern market-based economy and one of the higher per capita income levels in Central Europe and the Baltic region. Estonia's successive governments have pursued a free market, pro-business economic agenda and have wavered little in their commitment to pro-market reforms. The current government has followed sound fiscal policies that have resulted in balanced budgets and low public debt. The economy benefits from strong electronics and telecommunications sectors and strong trade ties with Finland, Sweden, Russia, and Germany. Tallinn's priority has been to sustain high growth rates - on average 8% per year from 2003 to 2007. Estonia's economy fell into recession in mid-2008 with GDP contracting 14.3% in 2009, as a result of an investment and consumption slump following the bursting of the real estate market bubble and a decrease in export demand as result of economic slowdown in the rest of Europe. Estonia rebounded nearly 8% in 2011 and the Estonian economy now has one of the higher GDP growth rates in Europe. Estonia adopted the euro on 1 January 2011.	Russia has undergone significant changes since the collapse of the Soviet Union, moving from a globally-isolated, centrally-planned economy to a more market-based and globally-integrated economy. Economic reforms in the 1990s privatized most industry, with notable exceptions in the energy and defense-related sectors. The protection of property rights is still weak and the private sector remains subject to heavy state interference. In 2011, Russia became the world's leading oil producer, surpassing Saudi Arabia; Russia is the second-largest producer of natural gas; Russia holds the world's largest natural gas reserves, the second-largest coal reserves, and the eighth-largest crude oil reserves. Russia is also a top exporter of metals such as steel and primary aluminum. Russia's reliance on commodity exports makes it vulnerable to boom and bust cycles that follow the volatile swings in global prices. The government since 2007 has embarked on an ambitious program to reduce this dependency and build up the country's high technology sectors, but with few visible results so far. The economy had averaged 7% growth in the decade following the 1998 Russian financial crisis, resulting in a doubling of real disposable incomes and the emergence of a middle class. The Russian economy, however, was one of the hardest hit by the 2008-09 global economic crisis as oil prices plummeted and the foreign credits that Russian banks and firms relied on dried up. According to the World Bank the government's anti-crisis package in 2008-09 amounted to roughly 6.7% of GDP. The economic decline bottomed out in mid-2009 and the economy began to grow again in the third quarter of 2009. High oil prices buoyed Russian growth in 2011-12 and helped Russia reduce the budget deficit inherited from 2008-09. Russia has reduced unemployment to a record low and has lowered inflation below double digit rates. Russia joined the World Trade Organization in 2012, which will reduce trade barriers in Russia for foreign goods and services and help open foreign markets to Russian goods and services. At the same time, Russia has sought to cement economic ties with countries in the former Soviet space through a Customs Union with Belarus and Kazakhstan, and, in the next several years, through the creation of a new Russia-led economic bloc called the Eurasian Economic Union. Russia has had difficulty attracting foreign direct investment and has experienced large capital outflows in the past several years, leading to official programs to improve Russia's international rankings for its investment climate. Russia's adoption of a new oil-price-based fiscal rule in 2012 and a more flexible exchange rate policy have improved its ability to deal with external shocks, including volatile oil prices. Russia's long-term challenges also include a shrinking workforce, rampant corruption, and underinvestment in infrastructure.
Crime > Violent crime > Murders per million people	52.23 Ranked 41st.	102.35 Ranked 30th. 96% more than Estonia
Economy > Exports	$14.46 billion Ranked 78th.	$528.00 billion Ranked 8th. 37 times more than Estonia
Crime > Violent crime > Murders	70 Ranked 63th.	14,574 Ranked 5th. 208 times more than Estonia
Government > Executive branch > Cabinet	Ministers appointed by the prime minister, approved by Parliament	the "Government" is composed of the premier, his deputies, and ministers; all are appointed by the president, and the premier is also confirmed by the Duma
Health > Hospital beds > Per 1,000 people	6 per 1,000 people Ranked 16th.	10.5 per 1,000 people Ranked 3rd. 75% more than Estonia
People > Marriage, divorce and children > Total divorces per thousand people	2.35 Ranked 11th.	4.68 Ranked 2nd. Twice as much as Estonia
Education > Compulsary education duration	9 Ranked 120th.	10 Ranked 51st. 11% more than Estonia
People > Gender > Female population	490,826 Ranked 158th.	52.87 million Ranked 21st. 108 times more than Estonia
People > Age distribution > Population aged 0-14 > Total	152,924 Ranked 157th.	17.31 million Ranked 26th. 113 times more than Estonia
Education > Homeschooling legal status	Legal under restrictive conditions, only allowed for exceptional cases.	Legal since 1992, law sometimes ignored and not made legal.
Military > Budget	0.44 US$ BN Ranked 42nd.	93.76 US$ BN Ranked 1st. 213 times more than Estonia
Economy > GDP > Per capita	$21,802.37 per capita Ranked 42nd. 47% more than Russia	$14,832.60 per capita Ranked 55th.
Agriculture > Rural population	23,685 Ranked 137th. 7% more than Russia	22,074 Ranked 146th.
Energy > Electricity > Consumption > Per capita	5,466.65 kWh per capita Ranked 42nd.	6,968.56 kWh per capita Ranked 21st. 27% more than Estonia
People > Death rate	13.65 deaths/1,000 population Ranked 14th.	13.97 deaths/1,000 population Ranked 10th. 2% more than Estonia
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Water > 1.5 litre bottle	$1.02 Ranked 64th. 16% more than Russia	$0.88 Ranked 79th.
Environment > Ecological footprint	7.12 Ranked 12th. 33% more than Russia	5.36 Ranked 31st.
Geography > Average rainfall in depth > Mm per year	626 Ranked 118th. 36% more than Russia	460 Ranked 136th.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Loaf of bread > Fresh, white	$0.99 Ranked 88th. 46% more than Russia	$0.68 Ranked 111th.
Government > Political pressure groups and leaders	Nochnoy Dozor/Night Watch anti-fascist movement (leader Alexander KOROBOV)	Association of Citizens with Initiative of Russia (TIGR)<br />Confederation of Labor of Russia (KTR)<br />Federation of Independent Labor Unions of Russia<br />Freedom of Choice Interregional Organization of Automobilists<br />Glasnost Defense Foundation<br />Golos Association in Defense of Voters' Rights<br />Greenpeace Russia<br />Human Rights Watch (Russian chapter)<br />Institute for Collective Action<br />Memorial (human rights group)<br />Movement Against Illegal Migration<br />Pamjat (preservation of historical monuments and recording of history)<br />PARNAS<br />Russian Orthodox Church<br />Russian Federation of Car Owners<br />Russian-Chechen Friendship Society<br />Solidarnost<br />SOVA Analytical-Information Center<br />Union of the Committees of Soldiers' Mothers<br />World Wildlife Fund (Russian chapter)
Geography > Natural resources	oil shale, peat, rare earth elements, phosphorite, clay, limestone, sand, dolomite, arable land, sea mud	wide natural resource base including major deposits of oil, natural gas, coal, and many strategic minerals, reserves of rare earth elements, timber
Industry > Manufacturing, value added > Current US$ per capita	$2,087.41 Ranked 28th. 15% more than Russia	$1,814.46 Ranked 10th.
Energy > Electricity > Consumption	7.95 billion kWh Ranked 64th.	1.04 trillion kWh Ranked 1st. 131 times more than Estonia
Crime > Rapes > Per capita	0.093 per 1,000 people Ranked 12th. 86% more than Russia	0.05 per 1,000 people Ranked 22nd.
People > Age distribution > Total dependency ratio	72.89% Ranked 107th. 16% more than Russia	63% Ranked 136th.
Health > Probability of not reaching 60	23.8% Ranked 9th.	30.1% Ranked 2nd. 26% more than Estonia
Education > Adult literacy rate > Total	99.8 Ranked 3rd. About the same as Russia	99.5 Ranked 12th.
Geography > Surface area > Sq. km	45,230 kmÂ² Ranked 130th.	17.1 million kmÂ² Ranked 1st. 378 times more than Estonia
People > Population growth rate	-0.66% Ranked 227th. 33 times more than Russia	-0.02% Ranked 197th.
Geography > Area > Land > Per capita	33.05 sq km per 1,000 people Ranked 58th.	120.79 sq km per 1,000 people Ranked 20th. 4 times more than Estonia
Media > Telephones > Mobile cellular > Per capita	1,506.18 per 1,000 people Ranked 5th. 25% more than Russia	1,202.45 per 1,000 people Ranked 16th.
Agriculture > Agricultural land > Sq. km	9,450 sq. km Ranked 144th.	2.15 million sq. km Ranked 5th. 228 times more than Estonia
Education > Children out of school, primary per 1000	1.58 Ranked 86th. 3% more than Russia	1.53 Ranked 98th.
Health > Life expectancy at birth, total > Years	76.13 Ranked 56th. 10% more than Russia	69 Ranked 127th.
Crime > Robberies	74.7 Ranked 27th.	90.3 Ranked 4th. 21% more than Estonia
Media > Internet > Internet users per thousand people	795.2 Ranked 30th. 49% more than Russia	532.81 Ranked 78th.
Energy > Electric power consumption > KWh per capita	6,255.56 Ranked 31st.	6,485.8 Ranked 27th. 4% more than Estonia
Cost of living > Basic utilities > Garbage, water, heating, electricity for 85 sqm apartment	$258.50 Ranked 9th. 81% more than Russia	$142.79 Ranked 59th.
Crime > Believes crime increasing in the past 3 years	45.24 Ranked 17th.	48.52 Ranked 85th. 7% more than Estonia
Military > Personnel > Per capita	5.94 per 1,000 people Ranked 59th.	10.15 per 1,000 people Ranked 28th. 71% more than Estonia
Military > War deaths	0.0 Ranked 144th.	339 Ranked 17th.
Agriculture > Arable land > Hectares per capita	0.472 Ranked 17th.	0.85 Ranked 6th. 80% more than Estonia
Agriculture > Agricultural growth	112 Ranked 85th.	118 Ranked 64th. 5% more than Estonia
Crime > Fear of crime > Violent hate crime	32.95 Ranked 6th.	44.74 Ranked 10th. 36% more than Estonia
Economy > Debt > Government debt > Public debt, share of GDP	8 CIA Ranked 144th.	12.2 CIA Ranked 139th. 53% more than Estonia
Media > Internet users	969,700 Ranked 36th.	59.7 million Ranked 2nd. 62 times more than Estonia
Economy > Public debt	5.8% of GDP Ranked 146th.	7.7% of GDP Ranked 143th. 33% more than Estonia
Economy > Inflation rate > Consumer prices	3.9% Ranked 97th.	5.1% Ranked 75th. 31% more than Estonia
Education > Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary	8.76 Ranked 89th. 3% more than Russia	8.47 Ranked 100th.
Crime > Fear of crime > Feels safe walking alone > At night	68.18 Ranked 4th. Twice as much as Russia	34.07 Ranked 70th.
Industry > Manufacturing, value added > Current US$	$2.80 billion Ranked 69th.	$260.44 billion Ranked 2nd. 93 times more than Estonia
Language > Languages	Estonian (official) 67.3%, Russian 29.7%, other 2.3%, unknown 0.7%	Russian, many minority languages
Transport > Road network length > Km
Economy > GDP > Composition, by sector of origin > Services	66.4% Ranked 70th. 14% more than Russia	58.4% Ranked 101st.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-24 > Total	108,091 Ranked 157th.	11.9 million Ranked 26th. 110 times more than Estonia
Economy > Exports per capita	$10,795.91 Ranked 30th. 3 times more than Russia	$3,678.60 Ranked 56th.
Media > Personal computers > Per capita	482.88 per 1,000 people Ranked 6th. 4 times more than Russia	121.58 per 1,000 people Ranked 19th.
Geography > Average precipitation in depth > Mm per year	626 Ranked 125th. 36% more than Russia	460 Ranked 143th.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Milk > 1 litre	$0.86 Ranked 132nd.	$1.11 Ranked 98th. 29% more than Estonia
Cost of living > Cinema ticket price > International release	$7.85 Ranked 59th.	$8.30 Ranked 52nd. 6% more than Estonia
People > Age distribution > Population aged 60 or over > Percent	32% Ranked 110th. 15% more than Russia	27.82% Ranked 137th.
Cost of living > Clothing and shoe prices > Shoes > Pair of Nikes	$98.62 Ranked 65th. 2% more than Russia	$96.91 Ranked 69th.
Government > Administrative divisions	15 counties (maakonnad, singular - maakond); Harjumaa (Tallinn), Hiiumaa (Kardla), Ida-Virumaa (Johvi), Jarvamaa (Paide), Jogevamaa (Jogeva), Laanemaa (Haapsalu), Laane-Virumaa (Rakvere), Parnumaa (Parnu), Polvamaa (Polva), Raplamaa (Rapla), Saaremaa (Kuressaare), Tartumaa (Tartu), Valgamaa (Valga), Viljandimaa (Viljandi), Vorumaa (Voru)	46 provinces (oblastey, singular - oblast), 21 republics (respublik, singular - respublika), 4 autonomous okrugs (avtonomnykh okrugov, singular - avtonomnyy okrug), 9 krays (krayev, singular - kray), 2 federal cities (goroda, singular - gorod), and 1 autonomous oblast (avtonomnaya oblast')<br /><strong>oblasts:</strong> Amur (Blagoveshchensk), Arkhangel'sk, Astrakhan', Belgorod, Bryansk, Chelyabinsk, Irkutsk, Ivanovo, Kaliningrad, Kaluga, Kemerovo, Kirov, Kostroma, Kurgan, Kursk, Leningrad, Lipetsk, Magadan, Moscow, Murmansk, Nizhniy Novgorod, Novgorod, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Orenburg, Orel, Penza, Pskov, Rostov, Ryazan', Sakhalin (Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk), Samara, Saratov, Smolensk, Sverdlovsk (Yekaterinburg), Tambov, Tomsk, Tula, Tver', Tyumen', Ul'yanovsk, Vladimir, Volgograd, Vologda, Voronezh, Yaroslavl'<br /><strong>republics:</strong> Adygeya (Maykop), Altay (Gorno-Altaysk), Bashkortostan (Ufa), Buryatiya (Ulan-Ude), Chechnya (Groznyy), Chuvashiya (Cheboksary), Dagestan (Makhachkala), Ingushetiya (Magas), Kabardino-Balkariya (Nal'chik), Kalmykiya (Elista), Karachayevo-Cherkesiya (Cherkessk), Kareliya (Petrozavodsk), Khakasiya (Abakan), Komi (Syktyvkar), Mariy-El (Yoshkar-Ola), Mordoviya (Saransk), North Ossetia (Vladikavkaz), Sakha [Yakutiya] (Yakutsk), Tatarstan (Kazan'), Tyva (Kyzyl), Udmurtiya (Izhevsk)<br /><strong>autonomous okrugs:</strong> Chukotka (Anadyr'), Khanty-Mansi (Khanty-Mansiysk), Nenets (Nar'yan-Mar), Yamalo-Nenets (Salekhard)<br /><strong>krays:</strong> Altay (Barnaul), Kamchatka (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy), Khabarovsk, Krasnodar, Krasnoyarsk, Perm', Primorskiy [Maritime] (Vladivostok), Stavropol', Zabaykal'sk (Chita)<br /><strong>federal cities:</strong> Moscow [Moskva], Saint Petersburg [Sankt-Peterburg]<br /><strong>autonomous oblast:</strong> Yevrey [Jewish] (Birobidzhan)
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Rent index	18.91 Ranked 77th.	28.45 Ranked 47th. 50% more than Estonia
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-64 > Total	554,551 Ranked 157th.	62.5 million Ranked 25th. 113 times more than Estonia
Education > Literacy > Total population	99.8% Ranked 3rd. About the same as Russia	99.6% Ranked 8th.
Health > Quality of health care system > Health care system index	73.34 Ranked 13th. 69% more than Russia	43.36 Ranked 45th.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 0-4 > Total	50,329 Ranked 157th.	5.71 million Ranked 26th. 113 times more than Estonia
Transport > Road density > Km of road per 100 sq. km of land area	128.31 Ranked 14th. 24 times more than Russia	5.46 Ranked 42nd.
People > Obesity > Adult obesity rate	20.6% Ranked 93th.	26.5% Ranked 44th. 29% more than Estonia
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Egg > Dozen	$1.80 Ranked 111th. 22% more than Russia	$1.48 Ranked 128th.
Education > College and university > Gender parity index	1.63 Ranked 13th. 21% more than Russia	1.35 Ranked 44th.
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Rent per month > 3 bedroom apartment > City centre	$887.61 Ranked 76th.	$1,369.09 Ranked 50th. 54% more than Estonia
Economy > Distribution of family income > Gini index	31.3 Ranked 18th.	41.7 Ranked 7th. 33% more than Estonia
Religion > Religions > All	Evangelical Lutheran 13.6%, Orthodox 12.8%, other Christian (including Methodist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal) 1.4%, unaffiliated 34.1%, other and unspecified 32%, none 6.1% (2000 census)	Russian Orthodox 15-20%, Muslim 10-15%, other Christian 2% (2006 est.)
Cost of living > Transport prices > New car > Volkswagen Golf 1.4 or similar	$22,955.07 Ranked 71st. 19% more than Russia	$19,360.44 Ranked 105th.
Education > Primary education, duration > Years	6 Ranked 103th. 50% more than Russia	4 Ranked 188th.
Military > Global Peace Index	1.71 Ranked 9th.	3.06 Ranked 8th. 79% more than Estonia
Education > Secondary education, duration > Years	6 Ranked 133th.	7 Ranked 37th. 17% more than Estonia
Energy > Electric power consumption > KWh	8.38 billion Ranked 95th.	927.21 billion Ranked 5th. 111 times more than Estonia
Media > Televisions per 1000	446.97 Ranked 31st. 7% more than Russia	418.4 Ranked 36th.
Health > Births and maternity > Future births	10.09 Ranked 157th.	1,147.41 Ranked 27th. 114 times more than Estonia
Energy > Oil > Consumption > Per capita	22.7 bbl/day per 1,000 peopl Ranked 48th. 12% more than Russia	20.21 bbl/day per 1,000 peopl Ranked 33th.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-59	52.05% Ranked 89th.	55.19% Ranked 61st. 6% more than Estonia
Education > Children out of school, primary, female	994 Ranked 92nd.	88,353 Ranked 31st. 89 times more than Estonia
Agriculture > Cereal yield > Kg per hectare	2,693 Ranked 78th. 13% more than Russia	2,388.1 Ranked 88th.
People > Population in 2015	1,292 thousand Ranked 150th.	136,696 thousand Ranked 9th. 106 times more than Estonia
Health > Births and maternity > Average age of mother at childbirth	29.3 Ranked 30th. 7% more than Russia	27.5 Ranked 50th.
Geography > Terrain	marshy, lowlands; flat in the north, hilly in the south	broad plain with low hills west of Urals; vast coniferous forest and tundra in Siberia; uplands and mountains along southern border regions
Education > High school enrolment rate	98.14 Ranked 35th.	100 Ranked 1st. 2% more than Estonia
Health > Life expectancy at birth > Total population	73.33 years Ranked 114th. 11% more than Russia	66.29 years Ranked 157th.
Transport > Road > Motorway length	99 km Ranked 81st.	1,400 km Ranked 31st. 14 times more than Estonia
Crime > Murders > Per 100,000 people	8.9 Ranked 49th.	29.7 Ranked 12th. 3 times more than Estonia
Military > Paramilitary personnel	22,508 Ranked 36th.	449,000 Ranked 1st. 20 times more than Estonia
Military > Service age and obligation	compulsory military service for men between 19 and 28; conscription lasts 11 months for junior NCOs and reserve platoon leaders; reserve officers and designated specialists have a different conscript service obligation; Estonia has committed to retaining conscription for men up to 2010 and, unlike Latvia and Lithuania, has no plan to transition to a contract armed forces; 17 years of age for volunteers; reserve commitment up to the age of 60	18-27 years of age for compulsory or voluntary military service; males are registered for the draft at 17 years of age; service obligation - 1 year; reserve obligation to age 50; as of July 2008, a draft military strategy called for the draft to continue up to the year 2030
Geography > Location	Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Finland, between Latvia and Russia	North Asia bordering the Arctic Ocean, extending from Europe (the portion west of the Urals) to the North Pacific Ocean
Health > Quality of health care system > Cost	72.22 Ranked 14th. 51% more than Russia	47.73 Ranked 39th.
People > Urban and rural > Population living in cities proper	897,828 Ranked 37th.	70.77 million Ranked 1st. 79 times more than Estonia
Lifestyle > Quality of life index	138.75 Ranked 17th. 8 times more than Russia	16.72 Ranked 67th.
Education > Government spending on education > Proportion of GDP	5.68% Ranked 36th. 38% more than Russia	4.1% Ranked 76th.
Labor > Labor force > By occupation	agriculture 11%, industry 20%, services 69%	agriculture 10.3%, industry 21.4%, services 68.3%
Economy > Human Development Index	0.853 Ranked 38th. 7% more than Russia	0.795 Ranked 61st.
Labor > Unemployment rate	17.5% Ranked 7th. 2 times more than Russia	7.6% Ranked 48th.
Education > Primary education, teachers per 1000	4.63 Ranked 66th. 2 times more than Russia	1.96 Ranked 142nd.
People > Death rate, crude > Per 1,000 people	11.4 Ranked 35th.	13.5 Ranked 21st. 18% more than Estonia
Environment > Pollution perceptions > Air pollution	9.62 Ranked 59th.	73.46 Ranked 11th. 8 times more than Estonia
Economy > Tourist arrivals > Per capita	1,506.57 per 1,000 people Ranked 26th. 9 times more than Russia	168.27 per 1,000 people Ranked 94th.
Media > Households with television	93.2% Ranked 22nd.	98.03% Ranked 13th. 5% more than Estonia
Health > Birth rate > Crude > Per 1,000 people	10.66 per 1,000 people Ranked 152nd. 5% more than Russia	10.2 per 1,000 people Ranked 158th.
Conflict > Terrorism > Global Terrorism Index	0.158 Ranked 99th.	7.07 Ranked 9th. 45 times more than Estonia
Military > WMD > Nuclear	Estonia played an important role in both the civilian and military nuclear programs of the former Soviet Union. Its major facilities were the Sillamae Metal and Chemical Production Plant (Silmet), which milled uranium ore until 1990, when it began to focus exclusively on rare-earth metal production, and the Paldiski training reactor facility, which had two research reactors (now dismantled) that were used to train Soviet naval personnel to work on nuclear submarines. Estonia receives foreign assistance from a number of countries, particularly from Scandinavia, to improve conditions at radioactive waste sites associated with the nuclear complex. Estonia is party to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) and signed an Additional Protocol with the International Atomic Energy Agency in April 2000.	The Soviet nuclear weapon program began during World War II and culminated in a successful atomic bomb test in 1949. Russia, as the successor of the Soviet Union, is a nuclear weapon state party to the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). According to estimates by the Natural Resources Defense Council, by 1991, the Soviet Union had approximately 35,000 weapons in its stockpile, down from a peak in 1986 of approximately 45,000. Russia is estimated to now have around 20,000 nuclear weapons, although total stockpile size is uncertain because there is no accurate count of tactical nuclear weapons. However, in 2002 Russia declared it will eliminate its tactical nuclear weapons by the end of 2004. Under the START I Treaty, the Russian nuclear arsenal has been reduced to approximately 7,000 strategic warheads. The START II Treaty, which was declared non-binding in June 2002, would have reduced this number to between 3,000 and 3,500 strategic nuclear warheads. The Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty (Treaty of Moscow) requires Russia to reduce the number of deployed strategic warheads to between 1,700 and 2,200 by the end of 2012. Russia inherited a massive nuclear weapons production complex and large stocks of weapons grade fissile material. It is estimated that Russia has between 735 and 1,365 metric tons (t) of weapons grade-equivalent highly enriched uranium (HEU) and between 106 and 156 t of military-use plutonium.
Culture > Happy Planet Index	26.4 Ranked 131st.	34.5 Ranked 107th. 31% more than Estonia
Government > Executive branch > Head of government	Prime Minister Andrus ANSIP (since 12 April 2005)	Premier Dmitriy Anatolyevich MEDVEDEV (since 8 May 2012); First Deputy Premier Igor Ivanovich SHUVALOV (since 12 May 2008); Deputy Premiers Arkadiy Vladimirovich DVORKOVICH (since 21 May 2012), Olga Yuryevna GOLODETS (since 21 May 2012), Aleksandr Gennadiyevich KHLOPONIN (since 19 January 2010), Dmitriy Nikolayevich KOZAK (since 14 October 2008), Dmitriy Olegovich ROGOZIN (since 23 December 2011), Sergey Eduardovich PRIKHODKO (since 22 May 2013), Yuriy Petrovich TRUTNEV (since 31 August 2013)
Geography > Coastline	3,794 km Ranked 32nd.	37,653 km Ranked 4th. 10 times more than Estonia
Labor > Labor force	688,000 Ranked 109th.	75.55 million Ranked 7th. 110 times more than Estonia
Environment > Current issues	air polluted with sulfur dioxide from oil-shale burning power plants in northeast; however, the amount of pollutants emitted to the air have fallen steadily, the emissions of 2000 were 80% less than in 1980; the amount of unpurified wastewater discharged to water bodies in 2000 was one-20th the level of 1980; in connection with the start-up of new water purification plants, the pollution load of wastewater decreased; Estonia has more than 1,400 natural and manmade lakes, the smaller of which in agricultural areas need to be monitored; coastal seawater is polluted in certain locations	air pollution from heavy industry, emissions of coal-fired electric plants, and transportation in major cities; industrial, municipal, and agricultural pollution of inland waterways and seacoasts; deforestation; soil erosion; soil contamination from improper application of agricultural chemicals; scattered areas of sometimes intense radioactive contamination; groundwater contamination from toxic waste; urban solid waste management; abandoned stocks of obsolete pesticides
Energy > Oil > Consumption	30,000 bbl/day Ranked 103th.	2.74 million bbl/day Ranked 1st. 91 times more than Estonia
Health > Life expectancy at birth, female > Years	81.3 Ranked 40th. 8% more than Russia	75.1 Ranked 108th.
Education > College and university > Share of total education spending	21.74% Ranked 47th.	23.11% Ranked 34th. 6% more than Estonia
Health > Life expectancy > Men	70 years Ranked 67th. 11% more than Russia	63 years Ranked 92nd.
Media > Television > List of TV stations	<p>Eesti Televisioon - public, English-language pages</p> </p>TV3 - private</p> </p>Kanal 2 - private</p>	<p>Russia One - national network, run by state-owned Russian State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company (VGTRK)</p> </p>Channel One - national network, 51% owned by state, 49% by private shareholders</p> </p>NTV - national network, owned by state-run Gazprom</p> <br> <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17840134">Full Article</a>
Energy > Oil > Production > Per capita	5.65 bbl/day per 1,000 peopl Ranked 48th.	69.86 bbl/day per 1,000 peopl Ranked 20th. 12 times more than Estonia
People > Total fertility rate	1.45 children born/woman Ranked 195th.	1.61 children born/woman Ranked 175th. 11% more than Estonia
Health > Life expectancy at birth, male > Years	71.2 Ranked 82nd. 13% more than Russia	63.2 Ranked 145th.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 65 or over > Percent	26.21% Ranked 109th. 21% more than Russia	21.66% Ranked 138th.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Rice > White, 1kg	$1.88 Ranked 51st. 54% more than Russia	$1.22 Ranked 106th.
Media > Television receivers > Per capita	432.14 per 1,000 people Ranked 29th. 5% more than Russia	410.71 per 1,000 people Ranked 32nd.
Government > Executive branch > Chief of state	President Toomas Hendrik ILVES (since 9 October 2006)	President Vladimir Vladimirovich PUTIN (since 7 May 2012)
Government > Diplomatic representation from the US > Mailing address	use embassy street address	PSC-77, APO AE 09721
Media > Telecoms > Mobile cellular subscriptions > Per 100 people	154.55 Ranked 23th.	183.52 Ranked 8th. 19% more than Estonia
Economy > GDP > Purchasing power parity	$29.09 billion Ranked 107th.	$2.49 trillion Ranked 6th. 85 times more than Estonia
Labor > Salaries and benefits > Hourly minimum wage	$2.13 Ranked 18th. 3 times more than Russia	$0.76 Ranked 32nd.
Government > Capital city > Name	Tallinn	Moscow
Government > Capital city > Geographic coordinates	59	55 45 N, 37 35 E
Environment > Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > Million metric tons	15.48 Ranked 66th.	1,000.18 Ranked 4th. 65 times more than Estonia
Government > International organization participation	Australia Group, BA, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO	APEC, Arctic Council, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), BIS, BRICS, BSEC, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN (observer), CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAPC, EAS, EBRD, FAO, FATF, G-20, G-8, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NSG, OAS (observer), OIC (observer), OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNSC (permanent), UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
People > Age dependency ratio > Dependents to working-age population	0.46 Ranked 152nd. 12% more than Russia	0.41 Ranked 169th.
Crime > Prisoners	4,571 prisoners Ranked 101st.	846,967 prisoners Ranked 3rd. 185 times more than Estonia
Weather > Temperature > Highest temperature ever recorded	35.6 \u00b0C (96.1 \u00b0F)	42.3 \u00b0C (108.1 \u00b0F)
Media > Internet > Users per 1000	581.36 Ranked 24th. 3 times more than Russia	211.12 Ranked 78th.
Crime > Assaults	291.5 Ranked 17th. 11 times more than Russia	26.9 Ranked 8th.
Religion > Major religion(s)	Christianity	Christianity, Islam
Health > Probability of reaching 65 > Male	54.8% Ranked 105th. 18% more than Russia	46.4% Ranked 118th.
Cost of living > Internet > Broadband 6Mpbs, uncapped data	$23.09 Ranked 121st. 2 times more than Russia	$11.47 Ranked 142nd.
Geography > Area > Water	2,840 sq km Ranked 80th.	720,500 sq km Ranked 2nd. 254 times more than Estonia
People > Age structure > 0-14 years	15.4% Ranked 198th.	16% Ranked 187th. 4% more than Estonia
Military > Military service age and obligation	18-27 for compulsory military or governmental service, conscript service requirement 8-11 months depending on education; NCOs, reserve officers, and specialists serve 11 months	18-27 years of age for compulsory or voluntary military service; males are registered for the draft at 17 years of age; service obligation is 1 year (conscripts can only be sent to combat zones after 6 months of training); reserve obligation to age 50; enrollment in military schools from the age of 16, cadets classified as members of the armed forces
Media > Broadcast media	the publicly owned broadcaster, Eesti Rahvusringhaaling (ERR), operates 2 TV channels and 5 radio networks; growing number of private commercial radio stations broadcasting nationally, regionally, and locally; fully transitioned to digital television in 2010; national private TV channels expanding service; a range of channels are aimed at Russian-speaking viewers; high penetration rate for cable TV services with more than half of Estonian households connected	6
Transport > Airports	18 Ranked 140th.	1,218 Ranked 5th. 68 times more than Estonia
Geography > Area > Comparative to US places	slightly smaller than New Hampshire and Vermont combined	approximately 1.8 times the size of the US
Crime > Punishment > Maximum length of sentence	None	25 years' imprisonment or 30 years in special circumstances for all women and men above age 65
Language > Major language(s)	Estonian, Russian	Russian
Economy > Currency > PPP conversion factor to official exchange rate ratio	0.63 Ranked 46th. 29% more than Russia	0.49 Ranked 69th.
People > Gender > Male population	467,959 Ranked 158th.	49.02 million Ranked 24th. 105 times more than Estonia
Energy > Electricity production > KWh	11.97 billion Ranked 33th.	1.05 trillion Ranked 4th. 88 times more than Estonia
People > Age distribution > Population aged 60 or over > Total	306,830 Ranked 160th.	28.34 million Ranked 21st. 92 times more than Estonia
Religion > Christian > Orthodox > Orthodox population	171,545 Ranked 32nd.	58.19 million Ranked 1st. 339 times more than Estonia
Media > News Agencies > List of news agencies	<p>Baltic News Service (BNS) - private</p> </p>Delfi - news portal, in Estonian and Russian</p>	<p>Itar-Tass - state-owned news agency, pages in English</p> </p>RIA-Novosti - state-owned news agency, pages in English</p> </p>Interfax - private news agency, pages in English</p> <br> <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17840134">Full Article</a>
Industry > Gross value added by construction	1.52 billion Ranked 98th.	111.7 billion Ranked 9th. 74 times more than Estonia
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Apartment purchase price per sqm > City centre	$2,287.31 Ranked 61st.	$2,287.92 Ranked 60th. The same as Estonia
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-64	57.84% Ranked 90th.	61.35% Ranked 61st. 6% more than Estonia
Economy > Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Background > Overview	<p>A small and heavily forested country, Estonia is the most northerly of the three former Soviet Baltic republics.</p> <p>Not much more than a decade after it regained its independence following the collapse of the USSR, the republic was welcomed as an EU member in May 2004. The move came just weeks after it joined Nato.</p> <p>These historic developments would have been extremely hard to imagine in not-so-distant Soviet times.</p><br> <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17220810">Full Article</a>	<p>Russia emerged from a decade of post-Soviet economic and political turmoil to reassert itself as a world power. </p> <p>Income from vast natural resources, above all oil and gas, have helped Russia overcome the economic collapse of 1998. The state-run gas monopoly Gazprom is the world's largest producer and exporter, and supplies a growing share of Europe's needs. </p> <p>Economic strength has allowed Vladimir Putin - Russia's dominant political figure since 2000 - to enhance state control over political institutions and the media, buoyed by extensive public support for his policies. </p><br> <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17839672">Full Article</a>
Crime > Auto theft	46.5 Ranked 12th. 3 times more than Russia	17.8 Ranked 52nd.
Energy > Energy use > Kg of oil equivalent per capita	4,271.07 Ranked 12th.	5,113.11 Ranked 20th. 20% more than Estonia
People > Age structure > 65 years and over	18.2% Ranked 14th. 39% more than Russia	13.1% Ranked 58th.
Economy > GDP > Composition by sector > Industry	30.2% Ranked 75th.	37.6% Ranked 41st. 25% more than Estonia
Crime > Perceived problems > Problem violent crimes including assault and armed robbery	15.48 Ranked 17th.	39.55 Ranked 43th. 3 times more than Estonia
Geography > Population density > People per sq. km	31.76 people/mÂ² Ranked 152nd. 4 times more than Russia	8.74 people/mÂ² Ranked 185th.
Labor > Hours worked > Standard workweek	40 hours Ranked 144th. The same as Russia	40 hours Ranked 105th.
Media > Internet > Fixed broadband Internet subscribers per 1000	256.79 Ranked 29th. 78% more than Russia	143.93 Ranked 54th.
Economy > Currency > Official exchange rate > LCU per US$, period average	$11.81 Ranked 88th.	$30.84 Ranked 72nd. 3 times more than Estonia
Crime > Murders > WHO	6.7 Ranked 82nd.	18.9 Ranked 26th. 3 times more than Estonia
Industry > Patent applications > Residents > Per capita	20.02 per 1 million people Ranked 38th.	159.5 per 1 million people Ranked 16th. 8 times more than Estonia
Agriculture > Agriculture, value added > Current US$	$580.78 million Ranked 119th.	$66.33 billion Ranked 6th. 114 times more than Estonia
People > Nationality > Noun	Estonian(s)	Russian(s)
Health > Diseases > Cancer > Cancer death rate (per 100,000 population)	162 Ranked 23th. 14% more than Russia	142 Ranked 62nd.
Economy > Inequality > GINI index	36 Ranked 16th.	43.67 Ranked 12th. 21% more than Estonia
Agriculture > Cultivable land > Hectares	598,000 Ranked 116th.	121.57 million Ranked 4th. 203 times more than Estonia
Media > Radio > List of radio stations	<p>Eesti Raadio - public; four networks including flagship Vikerraadio</p> </p>Raadio Elmar - private, music</p> </p>Raadio Kuku - first private radio</p>	<p>Radio Russia - national network run by state-owned Russian State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company (VGTRK)</p> </p>Ekho Moskvy - editorially-independent station, majority owned by state-run Gazprom</p> </p>Radio Mayak - state-run national network</p> <br> <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17840134">Full Article</a>
Culture > Food and drink > Beer consumption	117 million L Ranked 38th.	9.39 billion L Ranked 4th. 80 times more than Estonia
Crime > Fear of crime > Feels safe walking alone > During the day	96.59 Ranked 1st. 32% more than Russia	73.15 Ranked 63th.
Economy > Imports per capita	$11,647.04 Ranked 28th. 5 times more than Russia	$2,338.83 Ranked 91st.
Transport > Waterways	335 km Ranked 43th.	102,000 km Ranked 2nd. 304 times more than Estonia
Economy > Gross National Income per capita	$3,865.84 Ranked 50th. 2 times more than Russia	$1,733.48 Ranked 78th.
Military > Armed forces personnel	5,000 Ranked 130th.	1.52 million Ranked 2nd. 304 times more than Estonia
Education > Literacy > Female	99.8% Ranked 2nd. About the same as Russia	99.5% Ranked 9th.
Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Industry	22.7% Ranked 9th.	31.9% Ranked 3rd. 41% more than Estonia
Labor > Labor force, total	697,884.19 Ranked 149th.	77.06 million Ranked 7th. 110 times more than Estonia
Agriculture > Farm workers	63,000 Ranked 142nd.	6.44 million Ranked 23th. 102 times more than Estonia
Crime > Serious assault rate	10.5 Ranked 45th.	26.9 Ranked 31st. 3 times more than Estonia
Economy > Tax > Highest marginal tax rate > Individual rate	21% Ranked 62nd. 62% more than Russia	13% Ranked 74th.
Health > Infant mortality rate > Total	7.06 deaths/1,000 live births Ranked 161st.	10.08 deaths/1,000 live births Ranked 143th. 43% more than Estonia
Cost of living > Clothing and shoe prices > Jeans > 1 pair of Levi 501s or equivalent	$112.17 Ranked 19th. 14% more than Russia	$98.56 Ranked 29th.
People > Age distribution > Elderly dependency ratio	45.32% Ranked 107th. 28% more than Russia	35.31% Ranked 138th.
Energy > Electrical outages > Days	1.24 days Ranked 32nd.	2.73 days Ranked 20th. 2 times more than Estonia
Transport > Commute > Distance	1 km Ranked 6th.	5.67 km Ranked 7th. 6 times more than Estonia
Geography > Elevation extremes > Highest point	Suur Munamagi 318 m	Gora El'brus 5,633 m (highest point in Europe)
Economy > Technology index	5.01 Ranked 14th. 37% more than Russia	3.65 Ranked 66th.
Agriculture > Agricultural growth per capita	114 Int. $ Ranked 40th.	122 Int. $ Ranked 24th. 7% more than Estonia
Transport > Road > Expressway length	104 km Ranked 57th.	806 km Ranked 34th. 8 times more than Estonia
Transport > Motor vehicles	353 motor vehicles per 100 p Ranked 15th. 3 times more than Russia	124 motor vehicles per 100 p Ranked 9th.
Military > Military expenditures	2% of GDP Ranked 13th.	3.9% of GDP Ranked 6th. 95% more than Estonia
Agriculture > Products	grain, potatoes, vegetables; livestock and dairy products; fish	grain, sugar beets, sunflower seed, vegetables, fruits; beef, milk
Cost of living > Consumer price index > Plus rent	44.11 Ranked 52nd. 1% more than Russia	43.7 Ranked 53th.
Media > Internet > Internet users > Per 100 people	79 Ranked 32nd. 48% more than Russia	53.27 Ranked 77th.
Cost of living > Restaurant prices > McDonalds meal	$6.83 Ranked 57th.	$6.91 Ranked 54th. 1% more than Estonia
Environment > Pollution perceptions > Water pollution	18.18 Ranked 57th.	58.98 Ranked 26th. 3 times more than Estonia
Economy > Development > Human Development Index	0.846 Ranked 33th. 7% more than Russia	0.788 Ranked 55th.
Economy > Population below poverty line > Per capita	15.07% per 1 million people Ranked 4th. 135 times more than Russia	0.112% per 1 million people Ranked 24th.
Education > Children out of school, primary, female per 1000	0.742 Ranked 84th. 19% more than Russia	0.623 Ranked 93th.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 0-4 > Percent	5.25% Ranked 81st.	5.61% Ranked 53th. 7% more than Estonia
People > Physicians density	3.34 physicians/1,000 population Ranked 11th.	4.31 physicians/1,000 population Ranked 1st. 29% more than Estonia
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Chicken breasts > Skinless, boneless	$7.67 Ranked 45th. 45% more than Russia	$5.30 Ranked 97th.
Economy > Big Mac Index	$2.31 Ranked 33th. 44% more than Russia	$1.60 Ranked 53th.
Agriculture > Arable land > Hectares per 1000	439.05 hectares Ranked 11th.	850.72 hectares Ranked 3rd. 94% more than Estonia
Military > Military branches	Estonian Defense Forces (Eesti Kaitsevagi): Land Force (Maavagi), Navy (Merevagi), Air Force (Ohuvagi), Defense League (Kaitseliit)	Ground Forces (Sukhoputnyye Voyskia, SV), Navy (Voyenno-Morskoy Flot, VMF), Air Forces (Voyenno-Vozdushniye Sily, VVS); Airborne Troops (Vozdushno-Desantnyye Voyska, VDV), Strategic Rocket Forces (Raketnyye Voyska Strategicheskogo Naznacheniya, RVSN), and Aerospace Defense Troops (Voyska Vozdushno-Kosmicheskoy Oborony or Voyska VKO) are independent "combat arms," not subordinate to any of the three branches; Russian Ground Forces include the following combat arms: motorized-rifle troops, tank troops, missile and artillery troops, air defense of the ground troops
People > Marriage, divorce and children > Total divorces	3,142 Ranked 28th.	669,376 Ranked 3rd. 213 times more than Estonia
Economy > GDP > Per capita > PPP per thousand people	$16.20 Ranked 30th. 133 times more than Russia	$0.12 Ranked 149th.
Energy > Electricity > Installed generating capacity per thousand people	2,052.74 kW Ranked 25th. 32% more than Russia	1,554.35 kW Ranked 1st.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 65 or over > Total	251,310 Ranked 160th.	22.07 million Ranked 23th. 88 times more than Estonia
Education > College and university > Gender ratio	168.59 Ranked 12th. 24% more than Russia	135.63 Ranked 32nd.
Economy > Exports > Commodities	machinery and electrical equipment 21%, wood and wood products 9%, metals 9%, furniture 7%, vehicles and parts 5%, food products and beverages 4%, textiles 4%, plastics 3%	petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, metals, wood and wood products, chemicals, and a wide variety of civilian and military manufactures
Energy > Electricity > Consumption per capita	5,282.51 kWh Ranked 11th.	6,043.27 kWh Ranked 8th. 14% more than Estonia
Energy > Gasoline > Pump price for gasoline > US$ per liter	$1.76 Ranked 43th. 78% more than Russia	$0.99 Ranked 136th.
Religion > Christianity > Percent Christian	27.8% Ranked 11th. 43% more than Russia	19.5% Ranked 9th.
Agriculture > Produce > Crop > Production index	93.5% Ranked 161st.	121.2% Ranked 25th. 30% more than Estonia
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-59 > Total	499,031 Ranked 157th.	56.23 million Ranked 25th. 113 times more than Estonia
Industry > Gross value added by manufacturing	2.99 billion Ranked 92nd.	262.38 billion Ranked 6th. 88 times more than Estonia
Crime > Prisoners > Per capita	339 per 100,000 people Ranked 19th.	584 per 100,000 people Ranked 2nd. 72% more than Estonia
Crime > Punishment > Crimes possibly attracting life sentence	Some cases of murder, some cases of handling drugs, crimes against humanity, genocide, acts of war against civilians, terrorism, violence against the independence of Estonia, causing an explosion using nuclear energy.	See details
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Groceries index	58 Ranked 65th. 23% more than Russia	47.21 Ranked 98th.
Geography > Total area > Sq. km	45,230 Ranked 125th.	17.1 million Ranked 1st. 378 times more than Estonia
Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Agriculture	2.8% Ranked 21st.	10% Ranked 16th. 4 times more than Estonia
Religion > Seventh-day Adventist Membership	1,761 Ranked 132nd.	58,299 Ranked 42nd. 33 times more than Estonia
Economy > Poverty and inequality > Richest quintile to poorest quintile ratio	6.4 Ranked 18th.	7.6 Ranked 8th. 19% more than Estonia
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Rent per month > 1 bedroom apartment > City centre	$535.01 Ranked 68th.	$747.53 Ranked 43th. 40% more than Estonia
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Apple > 1kg	$1.67 Ranked 114th.	$1.71 Ranked 111th. 2% more than Estonia
Energy > Electricity > Production	12.19 billion kWh Ranked 64th.	1.06 trillion kWh Ranked 2nd. 87 times more than Estonia
Government > Country name > Conventional long form	Republic of Estonia	Russian Federation
Media > Personal computers per 1000	482.88 Ranked 6th. 4 times more than Russia	121.55 Ranked 19th.
Transport > Highways > Total > Per capita	37.54 km per 1,000 people Ranked 1st. 10 times more than Russia	3.64 km per 1,000 people Ranked 44th.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 80 or over > Total	101,764 Ranked 157th.	7.23 million Ranked 26th. 71 times more than Estonia
Transport > Vehicles > Per km of road	10.27 Ranked 40th.	34.88 Ranked 15th. 3 times more than Estonia
People > Cities > Urban population	76,315 Ranked 87th.	77,926 Ranked 78th. 2% more than Estonia
Geography > Land use > Arable land	13.97% Ranked 77th. 96% more than Russia	7.11% Ranked 132nd.
Industry > CO2 emissions from manufacturing industries and construction > Million metric tons	0.93 Ranked 113th.	251.1 Ranked 5th. 270 times more than Estonia
Religion > Secularism and atheism > Population considering religion unimportant	78% Ranked 3rd. 29% more than Russia	60.5% Ranked 19th.
Transport > Motor vehicles > Per 1,000 people	444.36 Ranked 37th. 81% more than Russia	245.18 Ranked 49th.
Government > Civil law system	Largely influenced by German civil law.	Civil Law system descendant from Roman Law through Byzantine tradition. Heavily influenced by German and Dutch norms in 1700-1800's. Socialist-style modification in 1900's, and Continental European Law influences since 1990's.
Crime > Fear of crime > Worries about being attacked	29.35 Ranked 15th.	54.48 Ranked 22nd. 86% more than Estonia
Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Services	74.5% Ranked 4th. 28% more than Russia	58.1% Ranked 14th.
People > Abortion > Abortion rate	33.3 abortions per 1,000 women Ranked 1st.	53.7 abortions per 1,000 women Ranked 1st. 61% more than Estonia
Culture > World Heritage Sites	2 Ranked 91st.	15 Ranked 10th. 8 times more than Estonia
Geography > Land boundaries > Border countries	Latvia 343 km, Russia 290 km	Azerbaijan 284 km, Belarus 959 km, China (southeast) 3,605 km, China (south) 40 km, Estonia 290 km, Finland 1,313 km, Georgia 723 km, Kazakhstan 6,846 km, North Korea 17.5 km, Latvia 292 km, Lithuania (Kaliningrad Oblast) 227 km, Mongolia 3,441 km, Norway 196 km, Poland (Kaliningrad Oblast) 432 km, Ukraine 1,576 km
Transport > Passenger cars > Per 1,000 people	390.38 Ranked 32nd. 90% more than Russia	205.83 Ranked 47th.
Economy > Imports	$15.60 billion Ranked 83th.	$335.70 billion Ranked 15th. 22 times more than Estonia
People > Nationality > Adjective	Estonian	Russian
Agriculture > Produce > Food > Production index	102.1% Ranked 125th.	111.4% Ranked 52nd. 9% more than Estonia
Media > Radio broadcast stations	AM 0, FM 98, shortwave 0	AM 323, FM 1,500 est., shortwave 62
Health > Deaths > Percent deaths registered	90-100	90-100
People > Sex ratio > Total population	0.84 male(s)/female Ranked 225th.	0.86 male(s)/female Ranked 223th. 2% more than Estonia
People > Age distribution > Population aged 5-14 > Percent	10.7% Ranked 86th.	11.38% Ranked 56th. 6% more than Estonia
Environment > Pollution perceptions > Air quality	90.38 Ranked 1st. 3 times more than Russia	26.54 Ranked 49th.
Health > Fertility rate > Total > Births per woman	1.5 births per woman Ranked 148th. 16% more than Russia	1.29 births per woman Ranked 164th.
Industry > Growth	-4.84 Ranked 135th.	-10.82 Ranked 105th. 2 times more than Estonia
Lifestyle > Happiness level > Very happy	4% Ranked 48th.	6% Ranked 42nd. 50% more than Estonia
Sports > Chess > GrandMasters	4 Ranked 44th.	156 Ranked 1st. 39 times more than Estonia
Government > Executive branch > Elections	president elected by Parliament for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); if a candidate does not secure two-thirds of the votes after three rounds of balloting in the Parliament, then an electoral assembly (made up of Parliament plus members of local councils) elects the president, choosing between the two candidates with the largest number of votes; election last held on 29 August 2011 (next to be held in the fall of 2016); prime minister nominated by the president and approved by Parliament	president elected by popular vote for a six-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 4 March 2012 (next to be held in March 2018)
Crime > Software piracy rate	51% Ranked 69th.	73% Ranked 38th. 43% more than Estonia
Health > Infant mortality rate	8.08 Ranked 134th.	16.96 Ranked 103th. 2 times more than Estonia
Religion > Christian > Mormon > Congregations	5 Ranked 98th.	99 Ranked 29th. 20 times more than Estonia
Military > Expenditures > Percent of GDP	2% Ranked 72nd.	3.9% Ranked 24th. 95% more than Estonia
Economy > Budget > Expenditures	$8.21 billion Ranked 94th.	$418.00 billion Ranked 12th. 51 times more than Estonia
People > Sex ratio > At birth	1.06 male(s)/female Ranked 60th. The same as Russia	1.06 male(s)/female Ranked 45th.
Environment > Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$	$11.99 billion Ranked 48th.	$774.44 billion Ranked 7th. 65 times more than Estonia
Health > HIV AIDS > People living with HIV AIDS > Per capita	5.76 per 1,000 people Ranked 45th.	5.89 per 1,000 people Ranked 53th. 2% more than Estonia
Energy > Crude oil > Production	11,000 bbl/day Ranked 88th.	10.4 million bbl/day Ranked 3rd. 945 times more than Estonia
Lifestyle > Happiness net	26% Ranked 41st. 13 times more than Russia	2% Ranked 46th.
Background > National tree	Pedunculate Oak	Birch tree
Economy > GINI index	35.8 Ranked 25th.	39.93 Ranked 13th. 12% more than Estonia
Media > Daily newspapers > Per 1,000 people	190.6 Ranked 19th. 2 times more than Russia	91.78 Ranked 36th.
Cost of living > Restaurant prices > Restaurant index	55.32 Ranked 62nd.	64.29 Ranked 44th. 16% more than Estonia
Economy > Reserves of foreign exchange and gold per capita	$2,437.26 Ranked 28th.	$3,352.57 Ranked 22nd. 38% more than Estonia
Economy > Debt > Net foreign assets > Current LCU	1.68 billion Ranked 135th.	17.31 trillion Ranked 12th. 10290 times more than Estonia
People > Marriage, divorce and children > Marriages	5,888 Ranked 41st.	1.32 million Ranked 3rd. 224 times more than Estonia
Economy > Tourist arrivals	1.97 million Ranked 59th.	23.68 million Ranked 11th. 12 times more than Estonia
Crime > Perceived problems > Property crimes including vandalism and theft	35.23 Ranked 15th.	57.46 Ranked 30th. 63% more than Estonia
Economy > Budget > Revenues > Per capita	$5,968.48 per capita Ranked 37th. 3 times more than Russia	$2,114.90 per capita Ranked 58th.
Transport > Rail > Railway length	816 km Ranked 94th.	87,157 km Ranked 2nd. 107 times more than Estonia
Military > Manpower fit for military service > Males age 16-49	None	None
Cost of living > Sports > Tennis court hire > 1 hour, weekend	$12.97 Ranked 75th.	$19.14 Ranked 35th. 48% more than Estonia
Environment > Transport CO2 emission index	1,391.71 Ranked 6th.	6,162.81 Ranked 3rd. 4 times more than Estonia
People > Major infectious diseases > Degree of risk	intermediate	intermediate
Industry > Industry, value added > Current US$	$4.74 billion Ranked 89th.	$617.44 billion Ranked 2nd. 130 times more than Estonia
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Apartment purchase price per sqm > Outside city centre	$1,479.36 Ranked 64th.	$1,720.88 Ranked 55th. 16% more than Estonia
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Potatoes > 1kg	$0.62 Ranked 126th.	$0.85 Ranked 107th. 37% more than Estonia
People > Age distribution > Population aged 80 or over > Percent	10.61% Ranked 100th. 50% more than Russia	7.09% Ranked 136th.
Education > Child care (preschool) > Duration	4 Ranked 17th. The same as Russia	4 Ranked 10th.
Economy > Inbound tourism income > Current US$	$1.66 billion Ranked 68th.	$15.92 billion Ranked 18th. 10 times more than Estonia
Environment > CO2 Emissions per 1000	11 Ranked 15th. 3% more than Russia	10.65 Ranked 19th.
Media > Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers > Per 1,000 people	1,402.08 per 1,000 people Ranked 23th. 25% more than Russia	1,118.69 per 1,000 people Ranked 42nd.
Energy > Electricity > Consumption by households per capita	1,203.48 kWh Ranked 47th. 58% more than Russia	760.85 kWh Ranked 61st.
Economy > Tax > Tax rates	31.02 Ranked 41st.	33.54 Ranked 33th. 8% more than Estonia
Government > National symbol(s)	barn swallow, cornflower	bear; double-headed eagle
Industry > Gross value added by construction per capita	1,132.77 Ranked 50th. 46% more than Russia	778.25 Ranked 65th.
Religion > Muslim > Muslim percentage of total population	0.1% Ranked 177th.	11.7% Ranked 72nd. 117 times more than Estonia
Geography > Irrigated land	4.58 sq km Ranked 15th.	43,460 sq km Ranked 14th. 9489 times more than Estonia
Transport > Gross value added by transport, storage and communication	2.52 billion Ranked 92nd.	141.07 billion Ranked 8th. 56 times more than Estonia
Labor > GNI > Current US$	$21.32 billion Ranked 92nd.	$1.95 trillion Ranked 10th. 91 times more than Estonia
Military > Armed forces personnel > Total	7,000 Ranked 135th.	1.48 million Ranked 5th. 211 times more than Estonia
Media > Internet > Users > Per capita	592.75 per 1,000 people Ranked 25th. 3 times more than Russia	212.2 per 1,000 people Ranked 80th.
Economy > GDP per person	14,238.1 Ranked 38th. 64% more than Russia	8,684.48 Ranked 52nd.
Education > Secondary education > Teachers > Per capita	9.02 per 1,000 people Ranked 21st.	9.19 per 1,000 people Ranked 21st. 2% more than Estonia
Energy > Electricity production from renewable sources > KWh	1.48 billion Ranked 32nd.	166.41 billion Ranked 7th. 113 times more than Estonia
Education > Duration of compulsory education	9 years Ranked 87th.	10 years Ranked 40th. 11% more than Estonia
Religion > Islam > Percentage Muslim	0.75% Ranked 128th.	15% Ranked 68th. 20 times more than Estonia
Health > Births and maternity > Infant mortality rate	2.9 Ranked 182nd.	8.9 Ranked 135th. 3 times more than Estonia
Environment > Pollution perceptions > Drinking water pollution	13.64 Ranked 55th.	51.15 Ranked 20th. 4 times more than Estonia
Cost of living > Restaurant prices > 3 course meal for 2	$40.97 Ranked 49th.	$41.49 Ranked 47th. 1% more than Estonia
Culture > Smoking > Cigarettes per adult per year	1,523 Ranked 28th.	2,786 Ranked 4th. 83% more than Estonia
Environment > Proportion of land area under protection	20.91% Ranked 64th. 85% more than Russia	11.33% Ranked 121st.
Media > Telecoms > Telephone lines per 1000	334.64 Ranked 48th. 12% more than Russia	298.9 Ranked 54th.
Health > Life expectancy > Women	80 years Ranked 39th. 7% more than Russia	75 years Ranked 68th.
Economy > Exports > Main exports	Machinery, textiles, wood products	Oil and oil products, natural gas, wood and wood products, metals, chemicals, weapons and military equipment
Geography > Natural hazards	sometimes flooding occurs in the spring	permafrost over much of Siberia is a major impediment to development; volcanic activity in the Kuril Islands; volcanoes and earthquakes on the Kamchatka Peninsula; spring floods and summer/autumn forest fires throughout Siberia and parts of European Russia
Labor > Employment rate > Adults	54.5 Ranked 107th.	56.7 Ranked 90th. 4% more than Estonia
Government > Flag description	three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), black, and white; various interpretations are linked to the flag colors; blue represents faith, loyalty, and devotion, while also reminiscent of the sky, sea, and lakes of the country; black symbolizes the soil of the country and the dark past and suffering endured by the Estonian people; white refers to the striving towards enlightenment and virtue, and is the color of birch bark and snow, as well as summer nights illuminated by the midnight sun	three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red
Economy > Budget > Revenues per capita	$5,858.25 Ranked 37th. 3 times more than Russia	$1,840.03 Ranked 64th.
Geography > Rural population density > Rural population per sq. km of arable land	70.38 people/kmÂ² of arable lan Ranked 62nd. 2 times more than Russia	31.73 people/kmÂ² of arable lan Ranked 71st.
Geography > Maritime claims > Territorial sea	12 nautical mile Ranked 128th. The same as Russia	12 nautical mile Ranked 58th.
Labor > Expense > Current LCU	5.14 billion Ranked 95th.	14.03 trillion Ranked 9th. 2731 times more than Estonia
Environment > Pollution perceptions > Clean water	81.82 Ranked 3rd. Twice as much as Russia	41.02 Ranked 34th.
Economy > Debt > External	$25.69 billion Ranked 73th.	$631.80 billion Ranked 20th. 25 times more than Estonia
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Rent per month > 1 bedroom apartment > Outside city centre	$355.05 Ranked 71st.	$522.23 Ranked 42nd. 47% more than Estonia
Economy > Gross domestic savings > Current US$ per capita	2,504.46$ Ranked 26th. 36% more than Russia	1,838.98$ Ranked 36th.
Crime > Perceived problems > Illegal drugs	34.09 Ranked 14th.	58.83 Ranked 22nd. 73% more than Estonia
Media > Televisions	605,000 Ranked 96th.	60.5 million Ranked 5th. 100 times more than Estonia
Education > Secondary education, pupils	95,331 Ranked 115th.	9.61 million Ranked 8th. 101 times more than Estonia
Agriculture > Agricultural machinery > Tractors > Per capita	39.94 per 1,000 people Ranked 4th. 10 times more than Russia	4.05 per 1,000 people Ranked 54th.
Media > Telephones > Main lines in use > Per capita	376.55 per 1,000 people Ranked 31st. 22% more than Russia	308.36 per 1,000 people Ranked 41st.
Education > College and university > Private school share	83.85% Ranked 11th. 6 times more than Russia	14.78% Ranked 75th.
Education > Girls to boys ratio > Primary level enrolment	0.97 Ranked 109th.	1 Ranked 25th. 3% more than Estonia
Language > Linguistic diversity index	0.476 Ranked 94th. 68% more than Russia	0.283 Ranked 125th.
Economy > Debt > External > Per capita	$18,861.44 per capita Ranked 22nd. 7 times more than Russia	$2,721.79 per capita Ranked 53th.
People > Major infectious diseases > Food or waterborne diseases	bacterial diarrhea	bacterial diarrhea
Crime > Perceived problems > Problem corruption and bribery	35.53 Ranked 13th.	87.92 Ranked 16th. 2 times more than Estonia
People > Marriage, divorce and children > Marriages per thousand people	4.4 Ranked 37th.	9.21 Ranked 15th. 2 times more than Estonia
Economy > GDP > Composition by sector > Services	66.1% Ranked 61st. 14% more than Russia	58% Ranked 97th.
Media > Internet users > Per 100 people	66.24 Ranked 23th. 2 times more than Russia	31.88 Ranked 70th.
Energy > Electricity > Production > Per capita	6,829.02 kWh per capita Ranked 16th. About the same as Russia	6,820.03 kWh per capita Ranked 32nd.
Transport > Road > Motorway density	71.22 m of motorway per square km Ranked 49th. 7 times more than Russia	9.78 m of motorway per square km Ranked 83th.
Geography > Area > Land per 1000	32.23 sq km Ranked 48th.	119.73 sq km Ranked 14th. 4 times more than Estonia

SOURCES: Numbeo.com. Cost of living.; crime; UN Crime Stats; Wikipedia: List of countries by intentional homicide rate by decade; United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Source tables; United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. 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Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control International Statistics on Crime and Justice, 2011; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; calculated on the basis of survival data from UN (United Nations). 2001. World Population Prospects 1950-2050: The 2000 Revision. Database. Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. New York; United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.; Food and Agriculture Organization; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Derived from male and female life expectancy at birth from sources such as: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Wikipedia: List of countries by number of Internet users (Calculated using penetration rate and population data from "Countries and Areas Ranked by Population: 2012" , Population data, International Programs, U.S. Census Bureau, retrieved 26 June 2013). Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; International Energy Agency; Numbeo.com; Uppsala Conflict Data Program, http://www.pcr.uu.se/research/ucdp/.; Food and Agriculture Organization; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2001; Wikipedia: List of countries by public debt (List) (Public debt , The World Factbook , United States Central Intelligence Agency , accessed on March 21, 2013.); Internet World Stats, June 30, 2010; World Bank national accounts data; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; CIA World Factbooks 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; cost of living; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; health care; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; International Road Federation, World Road Statistics and electronic files, except where noted.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; CIA World Factbook, 22 August 2006; http://www.visionofhumanity.org/#/page/indexes/global-peace-index, Global Rankings. Vision of Humanity.; CIA World Factbook, December 2003. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision and World Urbanization Prospects: http://esa.un.org/unpp; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2085.html, Roadways.; UN Office on Drugs and Crime, UN Survey of Crime Trends, at http://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/IHS-rates-05012009.pdf.; Wikipedia: List of countries by number of military and paramilitary personnel (The list); United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; quality of life; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; Human Development Report 2006, United Nations Development Programme; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; pollution; World Tourism Organisation, Yearbook of Tourism Statistics, Compendium of Tourism Statistics and data files.; http://www.visionofhumanity.org/sites/default/files/2012_Global_Terrorism_Index_Report.pdf, Institute for Economics and Peace, p. 4 f.; The Nuclear Threat Initiative; http://www.happyplanetindex.org/data/; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; Source: UNESCO UIS Data | UNESCO Institute for Statistics; International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Development Report and database, and World Bank estimates.; Wikipedia: List of weather records (Highest temperatures ever recorded); All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UN (United Nations). 2001. World Population Prospects 1950-2050: The 2000 Revision. Database. Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. New York; CIA World Factbook, 28 July 2005; Wikipedia: Life imprisonment (Summary by country); United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; Wikipedia: List of minimum wages by country (Countries) ("Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2013" . State.gov . Retrieved 2014-03-04 .); International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Development Report and database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics. World Bank World Development Indicators.; World Health Organisation.; World Bank national accounts data

United Nations Statistics Division
; World Health Organization. Source tables; World Bank, Development Research Group. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/jsp/index.jsp).; Per Capita Beer Consumption by Country in 2012, Kirin Holdings Company. Table 3.; . Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; IISS (International Institute for Strategic Studies). 2001. The Military Balance 2001-2002. Oxford: Oxford University Press; International Labour Organization, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database.; Food and Agriculture Organisation, Production Yearbook and data files.; KPMG's Individual Income Tax and Social Security Rate Survey 2009 (www.kpmg.com), and PricewaterhouseCoopers's Worldwide Tax Summaries Online (www.pwc.com).; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; traffic; World economic forum - Global Competitiveness Report 2004-2005; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=FAO&f=itemCode%3a2051, Agriculture (PIN) +; Wikipedia: List of countries by road network size; United Nations World Statistics Pocketbook and Statistical Yearbook; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 25 March 2010.; United Nations Development Programme. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; The Economist.; World Development Indicators database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; CIA World Factbook 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; German Agency for International Cooperation (GIZ).; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity_by_country#Sovereign_states; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; International Centre for Prison Studies - World Prison Brief; http://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/prices_by_city.jsp?displayCurrency=USD; adventiststatistics.org 2004 Annual Report 31 December 2004; http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/14/hdr2013_en_complete.pdf, United Nations Development Programme, 2013. Table 3, p. 152 ff.; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; International Road Federation, World Road Statistics and data files.; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; Wikipedia: Importance of religion by country (Countries); Wikipedia: List of national legal systems (Civil law); http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=GenderStat&f=inID%3a12, Abortion rate; Wikipedia: Table of World Heritage Sites by country (Table of World Heritage Sites); World Health Organization. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; World Values Survey 2005; World Chess Federation, 2006; Fifth Annual BSA and IDC Global Software Piracy Study; Wikipedia: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in France (Membership Statistics); The Changing Wealth of Nations: Measuring Sustainable Development in the New Millennium; Wikipedia: List of national trees (National trees); International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files. World Bank World Development Indicators.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Wikipedia: List of countries by rail transport network size (Long List); United Nations Population Division. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; World Resources Institute. 2003. Carbon Emissions from energy use and cement manufacturing, 1850 to 2000. Available on-line through the Climate Analysis Indicators Tool (CAIT) at Washington, DC: World Resources Institute. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Source: Energy Statistics Database | United Nations Statistics Division. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, and World Bank and OECD GDP estimates.; United Nations Statistics Division. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Wikipedia: Islam by country (Table) ("Muslim Population by Country" . The Future of the Global Muslim Population . Pew Research Center . Retrieved 22 December 2011 .); International Institute for Strategic Studies, The Military Balance.; IEA; UNESCO; International Religious Freedom Report 2004, U.S. State Department; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Wikipedia: List of countries by cigarette consumption per capita (List); United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Development Report and database, and World Bank estimates. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; International Labour Organisation, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database.; International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files. World Bank World Development Indicators.; CIA World Factbook, December 2003; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; Wikipedia: Linguistic diversity index (Rankings by country) (UNESCO World Report – Investing in Cultural Diversity and Intercultural Dialogue); United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.

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