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Definitions

Cost of living > Average monthly disposable salary > After tax: Average Monthly Disposable Salary (After Tax). Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Average Monthly Disposable Salary (After Tax)". Prices in current USD.
Crime > Crime levels: Level of crime. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How serious you feel the level of crime is?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Crime > Murder rate: Homicide rate per year per 100,000 inhabitants in various countries.
Crime > Violent crime > Intentional homicide rate: Homicides per 100’000 residents. Homicide is the death of a person purposefully inflicted by another person (it excludes suicides) outside of a state of war. Homicide is a broader category than murder, as it also includes manslaughter. The exact legal definition varies across countries, some of which include infanticide, assisted suicide, euthanasia and deaths caused by dangerous driving.
Crime > Violent crime > Murder rate: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population.
Crime > Violent crime > Murder rate per million people: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
Economy > GDP: GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using single year official exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used.
Economy > GDP per capita: GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using single year official exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Economy > Gross National Income: GNI, Atlas method (current US$). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and prop).
Economy > Population below poverty line: National estimates of the percentage of the population lying below the poverty line are based on surveys of sub-groups, with the results weighted by the number of people in each group. Definitions of poverty vary considerably among nations. For example, rich nations generally employ more generous standards of poverty than poor nations.
Geography > Land area > Square miles: Country land area.
Government > Government type: A description of the basic form of government (e.g., republic, constitutional monarchy, federal republic, parliamentary democracy, military dictatorship).
Government > Legal system: A brief description of the legal system's historical roots, role in government, and acceptance of International Court of Justice (ICJ) jurisdiction.
Health > Physicians > Per 1,000 people: Physicians are defined as graduates of any facility or school of medicine who are working in the country in any medical field (practice, teaching, research).
People > Population: Population, total refers to the total population.
Military > Air force > Combat aircraft: Number of fighter aircrafts (fixed wing aircrafts with combat capability).
People > Age distribution > Population aged 0-14: Percentage of total population aged 0-14.
Health > Births and maternity > Total fertility rate: Total fertility rate.
Geography > Area > Comparative: The area of various small countries expressed in comparison to various areas within the United States of America.
Crime > Violent crime > Gun crime > Guns per 100 residents: Number of privately owned small firearms per 100 residents.
Crime > Age of criminal responsibility: The age at which a person is no longer excluded from criminal liability. The lowest age is indicated for countries where there isn’t a single age limit, for example where different states have different regulations (such as the USA) or there is different limits for boy and girls (such as in Iran). The spectrum is specifically wide for the USA and Mexico (both 6-12 years). Several US states do not stipulate any minimal age for criminal responsibility at all. For further qualifications, exceptions and other notes, please refer to notes.
Economy > Budget surplus > + or deficit > -: This entry records the difference between national government revenues and expenditures, expressed as a percent of GDP. A positive (+) number indicates that revenues exceeded expenditures (a budget surplus), while a negative (-) number indicates the reverse (a budget deficit). Normalizing the data, by dividing the budget balance by GDP, enables easy comparisons across countries and indicates whether a national government saves or borrows money. Countries with high budget deficits (relative to their GDPs) generally have more difficulty raising funds to finance expenditures, than those with lower deficits.
Geography > Climate: A brief description of typical weather regimes throughout the year.
Geography > Area > Land: Total land area in square kilometres
Government > Legislative branch: This entry contains information on the structure (unicameral, bicameral, tricameral), formal name, number of seats, and term of office. Elections includes the nature of election process or accession to power, date of the last election, and date of the next election. Election results includes the percent of vote and/or number of seats held by each party in the last election.
Geography > Geographic coordinates: This entry includes rounded latitude and longitude figures for the purpose of finding the approximate geographic center of an entity and is based on the Gazetteer of Conventional Names, Third Edition, August 1988, US Board on Geographic Names and on other sources.
Religion > Religions: This entry includes a rank ordering of religions by adherents starting with the largest group and sometimes includes the percent of total population.
Cost of living > Local purchasing power: Local Purchasing Power shows relative purchasing power in buying goods and services in a given city for the average wage in that city. If domestic purchasing power is 40, this means that the inhabitants of that city with the average salary can afford to buy 60% less typical goods and services than New York City residents with an average salary.
People > Population > Population growth, past and future: Population growth rate (percentage).
Military > Army > Main battle tanks: Number of main battle tanks.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Cigarettes > Pack of Marlboro: Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014 (sample survey for the United States). Respondents were asked about the price of a Pack of Cigarettes (Marlboro). Prices in current USD.
Environment > Marine fish catch: Total marine fish catch
Units: Metric Tons
Economy > Unemployment rate: This entry contains the percent of the labor force that is without jobs. Substantial underemployment might be noted.
People > Ethnic groups: This entry provides a rank ordering of ethnic groups starting with the largest and normally includes the percent of total population.
Government > Suffrage: The age at enfranchisement and whether the right to vote is universal or restricted
Geography > Area > Total: Total area in square kilometers
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-24 > Percent: Percentage of total population aged 15-24.
Government > Constitution: The dates of adoption, revisions, and major amendments to a nation's constitution
Agriculture > Arable land > Hectares: Arable land (in hectares) includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded.
Labor > Salaries and benefits > Minimum wage: Minimum wage.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Government > Judicial branch: The name(s) of the highest court(s) and a brief description of the selection process for members.
Education > Children out of school, primary: Children out of school, primary. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Total is the total number of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
Transport > Road > Motor vehicles per 1000 people: Motor vehicles per 1000 people.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Economy > GDP > Purchasing power parity per capita: This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States. This is the measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living conditions or use of resources across countries. The measure is difficult to compute, as a US dollar value has to be assigned to all goods and services in the country regardless of whether these goods and services have a direct equivalent in the United States (for example, the value of an ox-cart or non-US military equipment); as a result, PPP estimates for some countries are based on a small and sometimes different set of goods and services. In addition, many countries do not formally participate in the World Bank's PPP project that calculates these measures, so the resulting GDP estimates for these countries may lack precision. For many developing countries, PPP-based GDP measures are multiples of the official exchange rate (OER) measure. The difference between the OER- and PPP-denominated GDP values for most of the weathly industrialized countries are generally much smaller. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Geography > Land area > Sq. km: Land area is a country's total area, excluding area under inland water bodies, national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones. In most cases the definition of inland water bodies includes major rivers and lakes."
People > Birth rate: The average annual number of births during a year per 1,000 persons in the population at midyear; also known as crude birth rate. The birth rate is usually the dominant factor in determining the rate of population growth. It depends on both the level of fertility and the age structure of the population.
Crime > Drugs > Opiates use: Annual prevalence.
Crime > Assault rate: Number of assaults recorded by police per 100,000 population
People > Population growth: Percentage by which country's population either has increased or is estimated to increase. Countries with a decrease in population are signified by a negative percentage. Future estimates are from the UN Population Division.
Education > Pupil-teacher ratio, primary: Pupil-teacher ratio, primary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Primary is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers.
Economy > Budget > Revenues: Revenues calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms
People > Age distribution > Median age: The median age of the country's residents. This is the age most people are in the country.
Economy > GDP > Per capita > PPP: This entry shows GDP on a purchasing power parity basis divided by population as of 1 July for the same year.
Industry > Manufacturing output: Industry corresponds to ISIC divisions 10-45 and includes manufacturing (ISIC divisions 15-37). It comprises value added in mining, manufacturing (also reported as a separate subgroup), construction, electricity, water, and gas. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant 2000 U.S. dollars."
Crime > Justice system > Punishment > Capital punishment (last execution year): Year of last use.
Government > Political parties and leaders: Significant political organizations and their leaders.
Energy > Commercial energy use: Commercial energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita). Commercial energy use refers to apparent consumption, which is equal to indigenous production plus imports and stock changes, minus exports and fuels supplied to ships and aircraft engaged in international transport.
Economy > Economy > Overview: This entry briefly describes the type of economy, including the degree of market orientation, the level of economic development, the most important natural resources, and the unique areas of specialization. It also characterizes major economic events and policy changes in the most recent 12 months and may include a statement about one or two key future macroeconomic trends.
Crime > Violent crime > Murders per million people: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
Economy > Exports: This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise exports on an f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms.
Crime > Violent crime > Murders: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population.
Government > Executive branch > Cabinet: Cabinet includes the official name for any body of high-ranking advisers roughly comparable to a U.S. Cabinet. Also notes the method for selection of members.
Health > Hospital beds > Per 1,000 people: Hospital beds include inpatient beds available in public, private, general, and specialized hospitals and rehabilitation centers. In most cases beds for both acute and chronic care are included.
People > Marriage, divorce and children > Total divorces per thousand people: Total number of divorces in given year by country. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Education > Compulsary education duration: Number of years students are required to be enrolled in school for all levels of education. For instance, compulsary education lasts for 12 years in the United States.
People > Gender > Female population: Total female population.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 0-14 > Total: Number of people aged 0-14.
Military > Budget: Annual defense budget in billion USD.
Economy > GDP > Per capita: This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States. This is the measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living conditions or use of resources across countries. The measure is difficult to compute, as a US dollar value has to be assigned to all goods and services in the country regardless of whether these goods and services have a direct equivalent in the United States (for example, the value of an ox-cart or non-US military equipment); as a result, PPP estimates for some countries are based on a small and sometimes different set of goods and services. In addition, many countries do not formally participate in the World Bank's PPP project that calculates these measures, so the resulting GDP estimates for these countries may lack precision. For many developing countries, PPP-based GDP measures are multiples of the official exchange rate (OER) measure. The difference between the OER- and PPP-denominated GDP values for most of the weathly industrialized countries are generally much smaller. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Agriculture > Rural population: Total population living in rural areas. Future estimates are from the UN Population Division.
Energy > Electricity > Consumption > Per capita: Total electricity consumed annually plus imports and minus exports, expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
People > Death rate: The average annual number of deaths during a year per 1,000 population at midyear; also known as crude death rate. The death rate, while only a rough indicator of the mortality situation in a country, accurately indicates the current mortality impact on population growth. This indicator is significantly affected by age distribution, and most countries will eventually show a rise in the overall death rate, in spite of continued decline in mortality at all ages, as declining fertility results in an aging population.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Water > 1.5 litre bottle: Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014 (sample survey for the United States). Respondents were asked about the price of a bottle of water (1.5 liter). Prices in current USD.
Environment > Ecological footprint: Ecological footprint per capita
Units: Hectares per Person
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Loaf of bread > Fresh, white: Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014 (sample survey for the United States). Respondents were asked about the price of a Loaf of Fresh White Bread (500g). Prices in current USD.
Government > Political pressure groups and leaders: Organizations with leaders involved in politics, but not standing for legislative election.
Geography > Natural resources: A country's mineral, petroleum, hydropower, and other resources of commercial importance.
Industry > Manufacturing, value added > Current US$ per capita: Manufacturing, value added (current US$). Manufacturing refers to industries belonging to ISIC divisions 15-37. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Crime > Burglaries: Number of burglaries recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population.
Energy > Electricity > Consumption: Total electricity consumed annually plus imports and minus exports, expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution.
People > Age distribution > Total dependency ratio: Percentage of dependant persons out of total population aged 15-64. A dependant person is a person aged 0-14 and those over 65 years old.
Geography > Surface area > Sq. km: Surface area is a country's total area, including areas under inland bodies of water and some coastal waterways.
People > Population growth rate: The average annual percent change in the population, resulting from a surplus (or deficit) of births over deaths and the balance of migrants entering and leaving a country. The rate may be positive or negative. The growth rate is a factor in determining how great a burden would be imposed on a country by the changing needs of its people for infrastructure (e.g., schools, hospitals, housing, roads), resources (e.g., food, water, electricity), and jobs. Rapid population growth can be seen as threatening by neighboring countries.
Geography > Area > Land > Per capita: Total land area in square kilometres Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Media > Telephones > Mobile cellular > Per capita: The total number of mobile cellular telephones in use. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Agriculture > Agricultural land > Sq. km: Agricultural land (sq. km). Agricultural land refers to the share of land area that is arable, under permanent crops, and under permanent pastures. Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded. Land under permanent crops is land cultivated with crops that occupy the land for long periods and need not be replanted after each harvest, such as cocoa, coffee, and rubber. This category includes land under flowering shrubs, fruit trees, nut trees, and vines, but excludes land under trees grown for wood or timber. Permanent pasture is land used for five or more years for forage, including natural and cultivated crops.
Education > Children out of school, primary per 1000: Children out of school, primary. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Total is the total number of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Health > Life expectancy at birth, total > Years: Life expectancy at birth, total (years). Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.
Crime > Robberies: Number of robberies recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population.
Media > Internet > Internet users per thousand people: Internet users. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Energy > Electric power consumption > KWh per capita: Electric power consumption (kWh per capita). Electric power consumption measures the production of power plants and combined heat and power plants less transmission, distribution, and transformation losses and own use by heat and power plants.
Cost of living > Basic utilities > Garbage, water, heating, electricity for 85 sqm apartment: Basic (Electricity, Heating, Water, Garbage) for 85m2 Apartment. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Basic (Electricity, Heating, Water, Garbage) for 85m2 Apartment". Prices in current USD.
Crime > Believes crime increasing in the past 3 years: Crime increasing in the past 3 years. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "In the past three years would you say the level of crime in your community has increased, stayed about the same, or decreased?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Military > Personnel > Per capita: Armed forces personnel are active duty military personnel, including paramilitary forces if the training, organization, equipment, and control suggest they may be used to support or replace regular military forces. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Military > War deaths: Battle-related deaths are deaths in battle-related conflicts between warring parties in the conflict dyad (two conflict units that are parties to a conflict). Typically, battle-related deaths occur in warfare involving the armed forces of the warring parties. This includes traditional battlefield fighting, guerrilla activities, and all kinds of bombardments of military units, cities, and villages, etc. The targets are usually the military itself and its installations or state institutions and state representatives, but there is often substantial collateral damage in the form of civilians being killed in crossfire, in indiscriminate bombings, etc. All deaths--military as well as civilian--incurred in such situations, are counted as battle-related deaths."
Agriculture > Arable land > Hectares per capita: Arable land (hectares per person). Arable land (hectares per person) includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded.
Agriculture > Agricultural growth: Index of agricultural production in 1996 - 98 (1989 - 91 = 100)
Crime > Fear of crime > Violent hate crime: Worries being subject to a physical attack because of your skin colour, ethnic origin or religion. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How worried are you about)......being subject to a physical attack because of your skin colour, ethnic origin or religion?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Economy > Debt > Government debt > Public debt, share of GDP: Public debt as % of GDP (CIA).
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Economy > Public debt: This entry records the cumulatiive total of all government borrowings less repayments that are denominated in a country's home currency. Public debt should not be confused with external debt, which reflects the foreign currency liabilities of both the private and public sector and must be financed out of foreign exchange earnings.
Economy > Inflation rate > Consumer prices: This entry furnishes the annual percent change in consumer prices compared with the previous year's consumer prices.
Education > Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary: Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Secondary is the number of pupils enrolled in secondary school divided by the number of secondary school teachers.
Crime > Fear of crime > Feels safe walking alone > At night: Safety walking alone during night. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How safe do you feel walking alone in this city during the night?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Education > Average years of schooling of adults: Average years of schooling of adults is the years of formal schooling received, on average, by adults over age 15. (Data Source: Barro-Lee Data Set www.worldbank.org/html/prdmg/grthweb/ddbarle2.htm)
Industry > Manufacturing, value added > Current US$: Manufacturing, value added (current US$). Manufacturing refers to industries belonging to ISIC divisions 15-37. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Language > Languages: A rank ordering of languages starting with the largest and sometimes includes the percent of total population speaking that language.
Transport > Road network length > Km: Length of road network in kilometers in European Union countries.
Economy > GDP > Composition, by sector of origin > Services: This entry is derived from Economy > GDP > Composition, by sector of origin, which shows where production takes place in an economy. The distribution gives the percentage contribution of agriculture, industry, and services to total GDP, and will total 100 percent of GDP if the data are complete. Agriculture includes farming, fishing, and forestry. Industry includes mining, manufacturing, energy production, and construction. Services cover government activities, communications, transportation, finance, and all other private economic activities that do not produce material goods.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-24 > Total: Number of people aged 15-24.
Economy > Exports per capita: This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise exports on an f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Media > Personal computers > Per capita: Personal computers are self-contained computers designed to be used by a single individual. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Geography > Average precipitation in depth > Mm per year: Average precipitation in depth (mm per year). Average precipitation is the long-term average in depth (over space and time) of annual precipitation in the country. Precipitation is defined as any kind of water that falls from clouds as a liquid or a solid.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Milk > 1 litre: Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014 (sample survey for the United States). Respondents were asked about the price of 1 liter of regular Milk. Prices in current USD.
Cost of living > Cinema ticket price > International release: Cinema, International Release, 1 Seat. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Cinema, International Release, 1 Seat". Prices in current USD.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 60 or over > Percent: Percentage of total population aged 60 and older.
Cost of living > Clothing and shoe prices > Shoes > Pair of Nikes: 1 Pair of Nike Shoes. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "1 Pair of Nike Shoes". Prices in current USD.
Government > Administrative divisions: This entry generally gives the numbers, designatory terms, and first-order administrative divisions as approved by the US Board on Geographic Names (BGN). Changes that have been reported but not yet acted on by BGN are noted.
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Rent index: Rent Index is estimation of prices of renting apartments in the city compared to New York City. If Rent index is 80, Numbeo estimates that price for renting in that city is 80% of price in New York.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-64 > Total: Number of people aged 15-64.
Education > Literacy > Total population: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
Health > Quality of health care system > Health care system index: Health Care Index is an estimation of the overall quality of the health care system, health care professionals, equipment, staff, doctors, cost, etc.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 0-4 > Total: Number of people aged 0-4.
Transport > Road density > Km of road per 100 sq. km of land area: Road density is the ratio of the length of the country's total road network to the country's land area. The road network includes all roads in the country: motorways, highways, main or national roads, secondary or regional roads, and other urban and rural roads."
People > Obesity > Adult obesity rate: This entry gives the percent of a country's population considered to be obese. Obesity is defined as an adult having a Body Mass Index (BMI) greater to or equal to 30.0. BMI is calculated by taking a person's weight in kg and dividing it by the person's squared height in meters.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Egg > Dozen: Average prize of a dozen eggs. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked about the prize of a dozen eggs. Prices in current USD.
Military > Navy > Nuclear submarines: Number of nuclear submarines.
Education > College and university > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index for college and university enrollment. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled.
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Rent per month > 3 bedroom apartment > City centre: Apartment (3 bedrooms) in City Centre. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Apartment (3 bedrooms) in City Centre". Prices in current USD.
Economy > Distribution of family income > Gini index: This index measures the degree of inequality in the distribution of family income in a country. The index is calculated from the Lorenz curve, in which cumulative family income is plotted against the number of families arranged from the poorest to the ric
Religion > Religions > All: This entry includes a rank ordering of religions by adherents starting with the largest group and sometimes includes the percent of total population.
Cost of living > Transport prices > New car > Volkswagen Golf 1.4 or similar: Volkswagen Golf 1.4 90 KW Trendline (Or Equivalent New Car). Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Volkswagen Golf 1.4 90 KW Trendline (Or Equivalent New Car)". Prices in current USD.
Education > Primary education, duration > Years: Primary education, duration (years). Duration of primary is the number of grades (years) in primary education.
Military > Global Peace Index: The Global Peace Index is comprised of 22 indicators in the three categories ongoing domestic or international conflicts; societal safety; and security and militarization. A low index value indicates a peaceful and safe country.
Education > Secondary education, duration > Years: Secondary education, duration (years). Duration of secondary education is the number of grades (years) in secondary education (ISCED 2 & 3).
Military > Navy > Corvette warships: Number of corvettes.
Energy > Electric power consumption > KWh: Electric power consumption (kWh). Electric power consumption measures the production of power plants and combined heat and power plants less transmission, distribution, and transformation losses and own use by heat and power plants.
Media > Televisions per 1000: The total number of televisions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Health > Births and maternity > Future births: Mid-range estimate for country's population increase due to births from five years prior to the given year. For example, from 2095 to 2100, India's population is expected to rise by 16,181 people due to births. Estimates are from the UN Population Division.
Energy > Oil > Consumption > Per capita: This entry is the total oil consumed in barrels per day (bbl/day). The discrepancy between the amount of oil produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes, refinery gains, and other complicating factors. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-59: Percentage of total pouplation aged 15-59.
Education > Children out of school, primary, female: Children out of school, primary, female. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Female is the total number of female primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
Agriculture > Cereal yield > Kg per hectare: Cereal yield, measured as kilograms per hectare of harvested land, includes wheat, rice, maize, barley, oats, rye, millet, sorghum, buckwheat, and mixed grains. Production data on cereals relate to crops harvested for dry grain only. Cereal crops harvested for hay or harvested green for food, feed, or silage and those used for grazing are excluded."
People > Population in 2015: (Thousands) Medium-variant projections.
Health > Births and maternity > Average age of mother at childbirth: Average age of mother at first childbirth.
Geography > Terrain: A brief description of the topography
Education > High school enrolment rate: Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year.
Health > Life expectancy at birth > Total population: The average number of years to be lived by a group of people born in the same year, if mortality at each age remains constant in the future. Life expectancy at birth is also a measure of overall quality of life in a country and summarizes the mortality at all ages. It can also be thought of as indicating the potential return on investment in human capital and is necessary for the calculation of various actuarial measures.
Transport > Road > Motorway length: Total network length of all motorways in km.
Military > Paramilitary personnel: Paramilitary.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Military > Service age and obligation: This entry gives the required ages for voluntary or conscript military service and the length of sevice obligation.
Geography > Location: The country's regional location, neighboring countries, and adjacent bodies of water.
Health > Quality of health care system > Cost: Cost to you. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Argentina, Austria and 69 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Germany and 7 more countries and over 100 contributions for Canada, India, United Kingdom and 1 more country. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from October, 2010 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Cost to you". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
People > Urban and rural > Population living in cities proper: Each city population by sex, city and city type.
Lifestyle > Quality of life index: Quality of Life Index is an estimation of overall quality of life by using empirical formula (the formula is an our opinion and it's based on experiments). The actual formula might be changed. Currently, we put the highest weight to pollution - if the environment is polluted too much, the economy or safety cannot fulfill it. We put the second highest importance to safety, since it is more important to feel safe rather than wealthy, in our opinion. etc. The number 65 is added so that the numbers are in such range so it rarely goes under zero (65 is a range modifier).
Education > Government spending on education > Proportion of GDP: Percentage of public funding for education out of country's total GDP.
Labor > Labor force > By occupation: Component parts of the labor force by occupation.
Economy > Human Development Index: The human development index values in this table were calculated using a consistent methodology and consistent data series. They are not strictly comparable with those in earlier Human Development Reports.
Labor > Unemployment rate: The percent of the labor force that is without jobs. Substantial underemployment might be noted.
Education > Primary education, teachers per 1000: Primary education, teachers. Teaching staff in primary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
People > Death rate, crude > Per 1,000 people: Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people). Crude death rate indicates the number of deaths occurring during the year, per 1,000 population estimated at midyear. Subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate provides the rate of natural increase, which is equal to the rate of population change in the absence of migration.
Environment > Pollution perceptions > Air pollution: Air Pollution. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How satisfied are you with the quality of air in this city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Economy > Tourist arrivals > Per capita: International inbound tourists (overnight visitors) are the number of tourists who travel to a country other than that in which they have their usual residence, but outside their usual environment, for a period not exceeding 12 months and whose main purpose in visiting is other than an activity remunerated from within the country visited. When data on number of tourists are not available, the number of visitors, which includes tourists, same-day visitors, cruise passengers, and crew members, is shown instead. Sources and collection methods for arrivals differ across countries. In some cases data are from border statistics (police, immigration, and the like) and supplemented by border surveys. In other cases data are from tourism accommodation establishments. For some countries number of arrivals is limited to arrivals by air and for others to arrivals staying in hotels. Some countries include arrivals of nationals residing abroad while others do not. Caution should thus be used in comparing arrivals across countries. The data on inbound tourists refer to the number of arrivals, not to the number of people traveling. Thus a person who makes several trips to a country during a given period is counted each time as a new arrival." Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Media > Households with television: Households with television are the share of households with a television set. Some countries report only the number of households with a color television set, and therefore the true number may be higher than reported.
Health > Birth rate > Crude > Per 1,000 people: Crude birth rate indicates the number of live births occurring during the year, per 1,000 population estimated at midyear. Subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate provides the rate of natural increase, which is equal to the population growth rate in the absence of migration.
Conflict > Terrorism > Global Terrorism Index: Score on Global Terrorism Index. A high value indicates that a country is affected by many terrorist incidents with a strong impact in terms of fatalities, injuries and damaged property.
Military > WMD > Nuclear: A description of the nation's situation with regards to the possession and manufacture of nuclear weapons
Culture > Happy Planet Index: The Happy Planet Index (HPI) is calculated from three components: Perceived well-being, life expectancy and ecological footprint. A higher value indicates a happier population.
Government > Executive branch > Head of government: Head of government includes the name and title of the top administrative leader who is designated to manage the day-to-day activities of the government. For example, in the UK, the monarch is the chief of state, and the prime minister is the head of government. In the US, the president is both the chief of state and the head of government.
Geography > Coastline: The total length of the boundary between the land area (including islands) and the sea.
Labor > Labor force: The total labor force figure
Environment > Current issues: This entry lists the most pressing and important environmental problems. The following terms and abbreviations are used throughout the entry:
Energy > Oil > Consumption: This entry is the total oil consumed in barrels per day (bbl/day). The discrepancy between the amount of oil produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes, refinery gains, and other complicating factors.
Health > Life expectancy at birth, female > Years: Life expectancy at birth, female (years). Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.
Education > College and university > Share of total education spending: Percentage of government education funding that goes to post-secondary education.
Health > Life expectancy > Men: Life expectancy for men.
Military > Navy > Submarines: Number of patrol boats (includes minesweepers).
Media > Television > List of TV stations: List of TV stations.
Energy > Oil > Production > Per capita: This entry is the total oil produced in barrels per day (bbl/day). The discrepancy between the amount of oil produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes, refinery gains, and other complicating factors. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Military > WMD > Missile: A description of the nation's situation with regards to the possession and manufacture of missile weapons of mass destruction
People > Total fertility rate: The average number of children that would be born per woman if all women lived to the end of their child-bearing years and bore children according to a given fertility rate at each age. The total fertility rate is a more direct measure of the level of fertility than the crude birth rate, since it refers to births per woman. This indicator shows the potential for population growth in the country. High rates will also place some limits on the labor force participation rates for women. Large numbers of children born to women indicate large family sizes that might limit the ability of the families to feed and educate their children.
Crime > International Court of Justice > Current composition > Term End: Date term of judges of different nationality in the International Court of Justice will come to an end.
Health > Life expectancy at birth, male > Years: Life expectancy at birth, male (years). Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 65 or over > Percent: Percentage of total population aged 65 and older.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Rice > White, 1kg: Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014 (sample survey for the United States). Respondents were asked about the price of 1 kg of White Rice. Prices in current USD.
Media > Television receivers > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Government > Executive branch > Chief of state: The name and title of any person or role roughly equivalent to a U.S. Chief of State. This means the titular leader of the country who represents the state at official and ceremonial functions but may not be involved with the day-to-day activities of the government
Agriculture > Grains > Rice > Consumption: Figures for 2003/2004
Government > Diplomatic representation from the US > Mailing address: This entry includes the chief of mission, embassy address, mailing address, telephone number, FAX number, branch office locations, consulate general locations, and consulate locations.
Media > Telecoms > Mobile cellular subscriptions > Per 100 people: Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people). Mobile cellular telephone subscriptions are subscriptions to a public mobile telephone service using cellular technology, which provide access to the public switched telephone network. Post-paid and prepaid subscriptions are included.
Economy > GDP > Purchasing power parity: This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States. This is the measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living conditions or use of resources across countries. The measure is difficult to compute, as a US dollar value has to be assigned to all goods and services in the country regardless of whether these goods and services have a direct equivalent in the United States (for example, the value of an ox-cart or non-US military equipment); as a result, PPP estimates for some countries are based on a small and sometimes different set of goods and services. In addition, many countries do not formally participate in the World Bank's PPP project that calculates these measures, so the resulting GDP estimates for these countries may lack precision. For many developing countries, PPP-based GDP measures are multiples of the official exchange rate (OER) measure. The difference between the OER- and PPP-denominated GDP values for most of the weathly industrialized countries are generally much smaller.
Labor > Salaries and benefits > Hourly minimum wage: Hourly minimum wage at international USD (this means that discrepancies in purchasing power have been compensated for).
Government > Capital city > Name: This entry gives the name of the seat of government, its geographic coordinates, the time difference relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and the time observed in Washington, DC, and, if applicable, information on daylight saving time (DST). Where appropriate, a special note has been added to highlight those countries that have multiple time zones.
Government > Capital city > Geographic coordinates: This entry gives the name of the seat of government, its geographic coordinates, the time difference relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and the time observed in Washington, DC, and, if applicable, information on daylight saving time (DST). Where appropriate, a special note has been added to highlight those countries that have multiple time zones.
Environment > Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > Million metric tons: CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total (million metric tons). CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production is the sum of three IEA categories of CO2 emissions: (1) Main Activity Producer Electricity and Heat which contains the sum of emissions from main activity producer electricity generation, combined heat and power generation and heat plants. Main activity producers (formerly known as public utilities) are defined as those undertakings whose primary activity is to supply the public. They may be publicly or privately owned. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 1 a. For the CO2 emissions from fuel combustion (summary) file, emissions from own on-site use of fuel in power plants (EPOWERPLT) are also included. (2) Unallocated Autoproducers which contains the emissions from the generation of electricity and/or heat by autoproducers. Autoproducers are defined as undertakings that generate electricity and/or heat, wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, these emissions would normally be distributed between industry, transport and "other" sectors. (3) Other Energy Industries contains emissions from fuel combusted in petroleum refineries, for the manufacture of solid fuels, coal mining, oil and gas extraction and other energy-producing industries. This corresponds to the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 1 b and 1 A 1 c. According to the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, emissions from coke inputs to blast furnaces can either be counted here or in the Industrial Processes source/sink category. Within detailed sectoral calculations, certain non-energy processes can be distinguished. In the reduction of iron in a blast furnace through the combustion of coke, the primary purpose of the coke oxidation is to produce pig iron and the emissions can be considered as an industrial process. Care must be taken not to double count these emissions in both Energy and Industrial Processes. In the IEA estimations, these emissions have been included in this category.
Government > International organization participation: This entry lists in alphabetical order by abbreviation those international organizations in which the subject country is a member or participates in some other way.
People > Age dependency ratio > Dependents to working-age population: Age dependency ratio is the ratio of dependents--people younger than 15 or older than 64--to the working-age population--those ages 15-64. For example, 0.7 means there are 7 dependents for every 10 working-age people.
Crime > Prisoners: Total persons incarcerated
Weather > Temperature > Highest temperature ever recorded: Temperature.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Media > Internet > Users per 1000: This entry gives the number of users within a country that access the Internet. Statistics vary from country to country and may include users who access the Internet at least several times a week to those who access it only once within a period of several months. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Crime > Assaults: Number of assaults recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population.
Religion > Major religion(s): Country major religions.
Education > Average IQ: Average IQ of different countries according to the controversial book "IQ and the Wealth of Nations".
Health > Probability of reaching 65 > Male: Probability at birth of reaching the age of 65.
Cost of living > Internet > Broadband 6Mpbs, uncapped data: Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014 (sample survey for the United States). Respondents were asked abot the price of an Internet connection (6 Mbps, Unlimited Data, Cable/ADSL)". Prices in current USD.
Geography > Area > Water: Total water area in square kilometers
People > Age structure > 0-14 years: The distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group (0-14 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest.
Military > Military service age and obligation: This entry gives the required ages for voluntary or conscript military service and the length of service obligation.
Transport > Airports: Total number of airports. Runways must be useable, but may be unpaved. May not have facilities for refuelling, maintenance, or air traffic control.
Military > Navy > Aircraft carriers: Number of aircraft carriers.
Geography > Area > Comparative to US places: This entry provides an area comparison based on total area equivalents. Most entities are compared with the entire US or one of the 50 states based on area measurements (1990 revised) provided by the US Bureau of the Census. The smaller entities are compared with Washington, DC (178 sq km, 69 sq mi) or The Mall in Washington, DC (0.59 sq km, 0.23 sq mi, 146 acres).
Crime > Punishment > Maximum length of sentence: Maximum length of sentence (under life).
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Language > Major language(s): Country major languages.
Economy > Currency > PPP conversion factor to official exchange rate ratio: Purchasing power parity conversion factor is the number of units of a country's currency required to buy the same amount of goods and services in the domestic market as a U.S. dollar would buy in the United States. Official exchange rate refers to the exchange rate determined by national authorities or to the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated as an annual average based on monthly averages (local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar). The ratio of the PPP conversion factor to the official exchange rate (also referred to as the national price level) makes it possible to compare the cost of the bundle of goods that make up gross domestic product (GDP) across countries. It tells how many dollars are needed to buy a dollar's worth of goods in the country as compared to the United States.
People > Gender > Male population: Total male population.
Energy > Electricity production > KWh: Electricity production (kWh). Electricity production is measured at the terminals of all alternator sets in a station. In addition to hydropower, coal, oil, gas, and nuclear power generation, it covers generation by geothermal, solar, wind, and tide and wave energy, as well as that from combustible renewables and waste. Production includes the output of electricity plants that are designed to produce electricity only as well as that of combined heat and power plants.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 60 or over > Total: Number of people aged 60 and older.
Media > News Agencies > List of news agencies: List of news agencies.
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Apartment purchase price per sqm > City centre: Price per Square Meter to Buy Apartment in City Centre. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Price per Square Meter to Buy Apartment in City Centre". Prices in current USD.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-64: Percentage of total population aged 15-64.
Economy > Fiscal year: The beginning and ending months for a country's accounting period of 12 months, which often is the calendar year but which may begin in any month. All yearly references are for the calendar year (CY) unless indicated as a noncalendar fiscal year (FY).
Background > Overview: A geopolitical overview of every sovereign country in the world, briefly examining their recent history and place on the global stage. The texts are taken from the BBC News website.
Crime > Auto theft: Number of motor vehicle thefts (car thefts) recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population.
Energy > Energy use > Kg of oil equivalent per capita: Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita). Energy use refers to use of primary energy before transformation to other end-use fuels, which is equal to indigenous production plus imports and stock changes, minus exports and fuels supplied to ships and aircraft engaged in international transport.
People > Age structure > 65 years and over: The distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group (0-14 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest."
Economy > GDP > Composition by sector > Industry: The gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods produced by the industrial sector within a nation in a given year. GDP dollar estimates in the Factbook are derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) calculations. See the CIA World Factbook for more information.
Crime > Perceived problems > Problem violent crimes including assault and armed robbery: Problem violent crimes such as assault and armed robbery. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How much of a problem are...) violent crimes such as assault and armed robbery?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Geography > Population density > People per sq. km: Population density is midyear population divided by land area in square kilometers. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. Land area is a country's total area, excluding area under inland water bodies, national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones. In most cases the definition of inland water bodies includes major rivers and lakes.
Labor > Hours worked > Standard workweek: Standard workweek (hours).
Media > Internet > Fixed broadband Internet subscribers per 1000: Fixed broadband Internet subscribers. Fixed broadband Internet subscribers are the number of broadband subscribers with a digital subscriber line, cable modem, or other high-speed technology. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Economy > Currency > Official exchange rate > LCU per US$, period average: Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average). Official exchange rate refers to the exchange rate determined by national authorities or to the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated as an annual average based on monthly averages (local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar).
Crime > Murders > WHO: Intentional homicide rate is the estimate of intentional homicides in a country as a result of domestic disputes that end in a killing, interpersonal violence, violent conflicts over land resources, inter-gang violence over turf or control, and predatory violence and killing by armed groups. The term, intentional homicide, is broad, but it does not include all intentional killing. In particular, deaths arising from armed conflict are usually considered separately. The difference is usually described by the organisation of the killing. Individuals or small groups usually commit homicide, whereas the killing in armed conflict is usually committed by more or less cohesive groups of up to several hundred members. Two main sources of data are presented: criminal justice (law enforcement) measures (this series), supplemented by data from national statistical agencies, and measures from public health sources (see other intentional homicide series). These various sources measure slightly different phenomena and are therefore unlikely to provide identical numbers."
Industry > Patent applications > Residents > Per capita: Patent applications are applications filed with a national patent office for exclusive rights for an invention--a product or process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem. A patent provides protection for the invention to the owner of the patent for a limited period, generally 20 years. Per capita figures expressed per 1 million population.
Agriculture > Agriculture, value added > Current US$: Agriculture, value added (current US$), including forestry, hunting, and fishing, as well as cultivation of crops and livestock production. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources.
People > Nationality > Noun: The noun which identifies citizens of the nation
Health > Diseases > Cancer > Cancer death rate (per 100,000 population): The number of people that will die from cancer out of 100,000 people the same age. The number is not an accurate telling of the country's cancer rate, but rather how fatal cancer is in each country.
Economy > Inequality > GINI index: Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household. The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality."
Agriculture > Cultivable land > Hectares: Cultivable land (in hectares) includes land defined by the Food and Agriculture Organisation as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded."
Media > Radio > List of radio stations: List of radio stations.
Culture > Food and drink > Beer consumption: Total national beer consumption (litres).
Crime > Fear of crime > Feels safe walking alone > During the day: Safety walking alone during daylight. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How safe do you feel walking alone in this city during the daylight?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Economy > Imports per capita: This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise imports on a c.i.f. (cost, insurance, and freight) or f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Transport > Waterways: The total length and individual names of navigable rivers, canals, and other inland bodies of water.
Economy > Gross National Income per capita: GNI, Atlas method (current US$). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and prop). Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Military > Armed forces personnel: Total armed forces (2000)
Education > Literacy > Female: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Industry: This entry lists the percentage distribution of the labor force by occupation. The distribution will total less than 100 percent if the data are incomplete.
Labor > Labor force, total: Labor force, total. Total labor force comprises people ages 15 and older who meet the International Labour Organization definition of the economically active population: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part-time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers, but excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector.
Agriculture > Farm workers: Agricultural employment shows the number of agricultural workers in the agricultural sector.
Economy > Tax > Highest marginal tax rate > Individual rate: Highest marginal tax rate (individual rate) is the highest rate shown on the schedule of tax rates applied to the taxable income of individuals.
Health > Infant mortality rate > Total: This entry gives the number of deaths of infants under one year old in a given year per 1,000 live births in the same year; included is the total death rate, and deaths by sex, male and female. This rate is often used as an indicator of the level of health in a country.
Cost of living > Clothing and shoe prices > Jeans > 1 pair of Levi 501s or equivalent: 1 Pair of Jeans (Levis 501 Or Similar). Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "1 Pair of Jeans (Levis 501 Or Similar)". Prices in current USD.
People > Age distribution > Elderly dependency ratio: Percentage of dependant adults out of total population aged 15-64. A dependant adult is an adult aged 65 and older.
Transport > Commute > Distance: Distance. Based on 0-50 contributions for Argentina, Armenia, Austria and 63 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Germany and 5 more countries and over 100 contributions for Canada, India, and United States. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Distance".
Geography > Elevation extremes > Highest point: Highest point above sea level
Economy > Technology index: The technology index denotes the country's technological readiness. This index is created with such indicators as companies spending on R&D, the creativity of its scientific community, personal computer and internet penetration rates.
Agriculture > Agricultural growth per capita: Net per capita agricultural production, expressed in International Dollars. Net means after deduction of feed and seed. International Dollars are calculated using the Geary-Khamis formula, which is designed to neutralize irrelevant exchange rate movements (more information on http://faostat3.fao.org/faostat-gateway/go/to/mes/glossary/*/E)
Transport > Road > Expressway length: Expressway length (km).
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Transport > Motor vehicles: Motor vehicles per 1,000 people
Military > Military expenditures: This entry gives spending on defense programs for the most recent year available as a percent of gross domestic product (GDP); the GDP is calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP). For countries with no military forces, this figure can include expenditures on public security and police.
Agriculture > Products: Major agricultural crops and products
Cost of living > Consumer price index > Plus rent: Consumer Price Plus Rent Index is an estimation of consumer goods prices including rent in the city comparing to New York City. If a city has a an index of 120, it means Numbeo estimates it is 20% more expensive than New York (excluding rent).
Media > Internet > Internet users > Per 100 people: Internet users (per 100 people). Internet users are people with access to the worldwide network.
Cost of living > Restaurant prices > McDonalds meal: Combo Meal at McDonalds or Similar. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Combo Meal at McDonalds or Similar". Prices in current USD.
Environment > Pollution perceptions > Water pollution: Water Pollution. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Are you concerned with the water pollution in this city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Economy > Development > Human Development Index: Human Development Index trends, 1980-2012.
Economy > Population below poverty line > Per capita: National estimates of the percentage of the population lying below the poverty line are based on surveys of sub-groups, with the results weighted by the number of people in each group. Definitions of poverty vary considerably among nations. For example, rich nations generally employ more generous standards of poverty than poor nations. Per capita figures expressed per 1 million population.
Education > Children out of school, primary, female per 1000: Children out of school, primary, female. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Female is the total number of female primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 0-4 > Percent: Percentage of total population aged 0-4.
People > Physicians density: This entry gives the number of medical doctors (physicians), including generalist and specialist medical practitioners, per 1,000 of the population. Medical doctors are defined as doctors that study, diagnose, treat, and prevent illness, disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in humans through the application of modern medicine. They also plan, supervise, and evaluate care and treatment plans by other health care providers. The World Health Organization estimates that fewer than 2.3 health workers (physicians, nurses, and midwives only) per 1,000 would be insufficient to achieve coverage of primary healthcare needs.
Crime > Drugs > Lifetime cannabis use: Adult lifetime cannabis use.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Chicken breasts > Skinless, boneless: Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014 (sample survey for the United States). Respondents were asked about the price of 1 kg of Chicken Breasts (Boneless, Skinless). Prices in current USD.
Economy > Big Mac Index: Price of a McDonald's Big Mac in US Dollars at current exchange rates. January 12th, 2006.
Agriculture > Arable land > Hectares per 1000: Arable land (in hectares) includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Military > Military branches: This entry lists the service branches subordinate to defense ministries or the equivalent (typically ground, naval, air, and marine forces).
People > Marriage, divorce and children > Total divorces: Total number of divorces in given year by country.
Economy > GDP > Per capita > PPP per thousand people: This entry shows GDP on a purchasing power parity basis divided by population as of 1 July for the same year. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Energy > Electricity > Installed generating capacity per thousand people: This entry is the total capacity of currently installed generators, expressed in kilowatts (kW), to produce electricity. A 10-kilowatt (kW) generator will produce 10 kilowatt hours (kWh) of electricity, if it runs continuously for one hour. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 65 or over > Total: Number of people 65 years old and older.
Education > College and university > Gender ratio: Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment is the percentage of men to women enrolled at tertiary level in public and private schools.
Economy > Exports > Commodities: This entry provides a listing of the highest-valued exported products; it sometimes includes the percent of total dollar value.
Energy > Electricity > Consumption per capita: Total electricity consumed annually plus imports and minus exports, expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Energy > Gasoline > Pump price for gasoline > US$ per liter: Pump price for gasoline (US$ per liter). Fuel prices refer to the pump prices of the most widely sold grade of gasoline. Prices have been converted from the local currency to U.S. dollars.
Religion > Christianity > Percent Christian: Percentage of population that is Christian.
Agriculture > Produce > Crop > Production index: Crop production index shows agricultural production for each year relative to the base period 1999-2001. It includes all crops except fodder crops. Regional and income group aggregates for the FAO's production indexes are calculated from the underlying values in international dollars, normalized to the base period 1999-2001.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-59 > Total: Number of people aged 15-59.
Crime > Prisoners > Per capita: Data for 2003. Number of prisoners held per 100,000 population.
Crime > Punishment > Crimes possibly attracting life sentence: Possible other sentence.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Groceries index: Groceries Index is an estimation of grocery prices in a given location compared to New York City. To calculate this section, Numbeo uses the "Markets" section of each city.
Geography > Total area > Sq. km: Surface area is a country's total area, including areas under inland bodies of water and some coastal waterways."
Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Agriculture: This entry lists the percentage distribution of the labor force by occupation. The distribution will total less than 100 percent if the data are incomplete.
Religion > Seventh-day Adventist Membership: This entry lists Seventh-day Adventist membership worldwide as of 2004. Membership is defined as baptised and active.
Economy > Poverty and inequality > Richest quintile to poorest quintile ratio: The ratio of average income of the richest 20% of the population to the average income of the poorest 20% of the population.
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Rent per month > 1 bedroom apartment > City centre: Apartment (1 bedroom) in City Centre. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Apartment (1 bedroom) in City Centre". Prices in current USD.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Apple > 1kg: Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014 (sample survey for the United States). Respondents were asked about the price of 1 kg of apples. Prices in current USD.
Energy > Electricity > Production: The annual electricity generated expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution.
Government > Country name > Conventional long form: This entry is derived from Government > Country name, which includes all forms of the country's name approved by the US Board on Geographic Names (Italy is used as an example): conventional long form (Italian Republic), conventional short form (Italy), local long form (Repubblica Italiana), local short form (Italia), former (Kingdom of Italy), as well as the abbreviation. Also see the Terminology note.
Media > Personal computers per 1000: Personal computers are self-contained computers designed to be used by a single individual. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Transport > Highways > Total > Per capita: total length of the highway system Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 80 or over > Total: Number of people aged 80 years and older.
Transport > Vehicles > Per km of road: Vehicles per kilometer of road include cars, buses, and freight vehicles but do not include two-wheelers. Roads refer to motorways, highways, main or national roads, secondary or regional roads, and other roads. A motorway is a road specially designed and built for motor traffic that separates the traffic flowing in opposite directions."
People > Cities > Urban population: Total population living in urban areas. The defition of an urban area differs for each country. Future estimates are from the UN Population Division.
Geography > Land use > Arable land: The percentage of used land that is arable. Arable land is land cultivated for crops that are replanted after each harvest like wheat, maize, and rice
Industry > CO2 emissions from manufacturing industries and construction > Million metric tons: CO2 emissions from manufacturing industries and construction (million metric tons). CO2 emissions from manufacturing industries and construction contains the emissions from combustion of fuels in industry. The IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 2 includes these emissions. However, in the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, the IPCC category also includes emissions from industry autoproducers that generate electricity and/or heat. The IEA data are not collected in a way that allows the energy consumption to be split by specific end-use and therefore, autoproducers are shown as a separate item (Unallocated Autoproducers). Manufacturing industries and construction also includes emissions from coke inputs into blast furnaces, which may be reported either in the transformation sector, the industry sector or the separate IPCC Source/Sink Category 2, Industrial Processes.
Transport > Motor vehicles > Per 1,000 people: Motor vehicles include cars, buses, and freight vehicles but do not include two-wheelers. Population refers to midyear population in the year for which data are available."
Industry > Manufacturing growth: Annual growth rate for manufacturing value added based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2000 U.S. dollars. Manufacturing refers to industries belonging to ISIC divisions 15-37. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3."
Government > Civil law system: Description.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Crime > Fear of crime > Worries about being attacked: Worries attacked. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How worried are you about)......being physically attacked by strangers?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Services: This entry lists the percentage distribution of the labor force by occupation. The distribution will total less than 100 percent if the data are incomplete.
People > Abortion > Abortion rate: Abortions per 1000 women.
Culture > World Heritage Sites: Cultural sites.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Transport > Passenger cars > Per 1,000 people: Passenger cars refer to road motor vehicles, other than two-wheelers, intended for the carriage of passengers and designed to seat no more than nine people (including the driver)."
Economy > Imports: This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise imports on a c.i.f. (cost, insurance, and freight) or f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms.
People > Nationality > Adjective: This entry is derived from People > Nationality, which provides the identifying terms for citizens - noun and adjective.
Agriculture > Produce > Food > Production index: Food production index covers food crops that are considered edible and that contain nutrients. Coffee and tea are excluded because, although edible, they have no nutritive value.
Media > Radio broadcast stations: The total number of AM, FM, and shortwave broadcast stations.
Health > Deaths > Percent deaths registered: Civil registration coverage of deaths (%).
People > Sex ratio > Total population: The number of males for each female one of five age groups - at birth, under 15 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over, and for the total population. Sex ratio at birth has recently emerged as an indicator of certain kinds of sex discrimination in some countries. For instance, high sex ratios at birth in some Asian countries are now attributed to sex-selective abortion and infanticide due to a strong preference for sons. This will affect future marriage patterns and fertility patterns. Eventually it could cause unrest among young adult males who are unable to find partners.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 5-14 > Percent: Percentage of total population aged 5-14.
Environment > Pollution perceptions > Air quality: Air quality. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How satisfied are you with the quality of air in this city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Health > Fertility rate > Total > Births per woman: Total fertility rate represents the number of children that would be born to a woman if she were to live to the end of her childbearing years and bear children in accordance with current age-specific fertility rates.
Industry > Growth: Annual growth rate for industrial value added based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2000 U.S. dollars. Industry corresponds to ISIC divisions 10-45 and includes manufacturing (ISIC divisions 15-37). It comprises value added in mining, manufacturing (also reported as a separate subgroup), construction, electricity, water, and gas. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3."
Lifestyle > Happiness level > Very happy: Proportion of people who answered the survey question: "Taking all things together, would you say you are: very happy, quite happy, not very happy, or not at all happy?" by stating that they were "Very happy".
Sports > Chess > GrandMasters: Number of GrandMaster chess champions, by country. A GrandMaster is the highest level of recognition in chess.
Government > Executive branch > Elections: Elections includes the nature of election process or accession to power, date of the last election, and date of the next election
Crime > Software piracy rate: The piracy rate is the total number of units of pirated software deployed in 2007 divided by the total units of software installed.
Health > Infant mortality rate: The number of deaths of infants under one year old in a given year per 1,000 live births in the same year. This rate is often used as an indicator of the level of health in a country
Religion > Christian > Mormon > Congregations: Total Congregations.
Military > Expenditures > Percent of GDP: Current military expenditures as an estimated percent of gross domestic product (GDP).
Economy > Budget > Expenditures: Expenditures calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms
People > Sex ratio > At birth: The number of males for each female one of five age groups - at birth, under 15 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over, and for the total population. Sex ratio at birth has recently emerged as an indicator of certain kinds of sex discrimination in some countries. For instance, high sex ratios at birth in some Asian countries are now attributed to sex-selective abortion and infanticide due to a strong preference for sons. This will affect future marriage patterns and fertility patterns. Eventually it could cause unrest among young adult males who are unable to find partners.
Environment > Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$: Adjusted net national income (constant 2000 US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion.
Health > HIV AIDS > People living with HIV AIDS > Per capita: An estimate of all people (adults and children) alive at yearend with HIV infection, whether or not they have developed symptoms of AIDS. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Energy > Crude oil > Production: This entry is the total amount of crude oil produced, in barrels per day (bbl/day).
Lifestyle > Happiness net: This statistic is compiled from responses to the survey question: "Taking all things together, would you say you are: very happy, quite happy, not very happy, or not at all happy?". The "Happiness (net)" statistic was obtained via the following formula: the percentage of people who rated themselves as either "quite happy" or "very happy" minus the percentage of people who rated themselves as either "not very happy" or "not at all happy".
Background > National tree: Name of tree.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Economy > GINI index: Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household. The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality.
Media > Daily newspapers > Per 1,000 people: Daily newspapers refer to those published at least four times a week and calculated as average circulation (or copies printed) per 1,000 people."
Cost of living > Restaurant prices > Restaurant index: Restaurants Index is a comparison of prices of meals and drinks in restaurants and bars compared to NYC.
Economy > Reserves of foreign exchange and gold per capita: This entry gives the dollar value for the stock of all financial assets that are available to the central monetary authority for use in meeting a country's balance of payments needs as of the end-date of the period specified. This category includes not only foreign currency and gold, but also a country's holdings of Special Drawing Rights in the International Monetary Fund, and its reserve position in the Fund. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Economy > Debt > Net foreign assets > Current LCU: Net foreign assets (current LCU). Net foreign assets are the sum of foreign assets held by monetary authorities and deposit money banks, less their foreign liabilities. Data are in current local currency.
People > Marriage, divorce and children > Marriages: Marriages by urban/rural residence.
Economy > Tourist arrivals: International inbound tourists (overnight visitors) are the number of tourists who travel to a country other than that in which they have their usual residence, but outside their usual environment, for a period not exceeding 12 months and whose main purpose in visiting is other than an activity remunerated from within the country visited. When data on number of tourists are not available, the number of visitors, which includes tourists, same-day visitors, cruise passengers, and crew members, is shown instead. Sources and collection methods for arrivals differ across countries. In some cases data are from border statistics (police, immigration, and the like) and supplemented by border surveys. In other cases data are from tourism accommodation establishments. For some countries number of arrivals is limited to arrivals by air and for others to arrivals staying in hotels. Some countries include arrivals of nationals residing abroad while others do not. Caution should thus be used in comparing arrivals across countries. The data on inbound tourists refer to the number of arrivals, not to the number of people traveling. Thus a person who makes several trips to a country during a given period is counted each time as a new arrival."
Crime > Perceived problems > Property crimes including vandalism and theft: Problem property crimes such as vandalism and theft. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How much of a problem are...) property crimes such as vandalism and theft?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Economy > Budget > Revenues > Per capita: Revenues calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Cost of living > Sports > Tennis court hire > 1 hour, weekend: Tennis Court Rent (1 Hour on Weekend). Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Tennis Court Rent (1 Hour on Weekend)". Prices in current USD.
Environment > Transport CO2 emission index: CO2 Emission Index is an estimation of CO2 consumption due to traffic time. Measurement unit is grams for the return trip. To calculate an average estimation of emission in grams for one way commute to work, divide this value with 2.
Industry > Industry, value added > Current US$: Industry, value added (current US$). Industry corresponds to ISIC divisions 10-45 and includes manufacturing (ISIC divisions 15-37). It comprises value added in mining, manufacturing (also reported as a separate subgroup), construction, electricity, water, and gas. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Apartment purchase price per sqm > Outside city centre: Price per Square Meter to Buy Apartment Outside of Centre. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Price per Square Meter to Buy Apartment Outside of Centre". Prices in current USD.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Potatoes > 1kg: Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014 (sample survey for the United States). Respondents were asked about the price of 1 kg of potatoes. Prices in current USD.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 80 or over > Percent: Percentage of total population aged 80 and older.
Education > Child care (preschool) > Duration: Number of years students study at the pre-primary (preschool) level. It should be noted that not all countries require pre-primary education.
Economy > Inbound tourism income > Current US$: International tourism receipts are expenditures by international inbound visitors, including payments to national carriers for international transport. These receipts include any other prepayment made for goods or services received in the destination country. They also may include receipts from same-day visitors, except when these are important enough to justify separate classification. For some countries they do not include receipts for passenger transport items. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
Environment > CO2 Emissions per 1000: CO2: Total Emissions (excluding land-use) Units: thousand metric tonnes of carbon dioxide. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Media > Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers > Per 1,000 people: Fixed lines are telephone mainlines connecting a customer's equipment to the public switched telephone network. Mobile phone subscribers refer to users of portable telephones subscribing to an automatic public mobile telephone service using cellular technology that provides access to the public switched telephone network.
Energy > Electricity > Consumption by households per capita: . Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Economy > Tax > Tax rates: Revenue is cash receipts from taxes, social contributions, and other revenues such as fines, fees, rent, and income from property or sales. Grants are also considered as revenue but are excluded here."
Government > National symbol(s): A national symbol is a faunal, floral, or other abstract representation - or some distinctive object - that over time has come to be closely identified with a country or entity. Not all countries have national symbols; a few countries have more than one.
Religion > Muslim > Muslim percentage of total population: Muslim percentage (%) of total population 2014 Pew Report.
Geography > Irrigated land: The number of square kilometers of land area that is artificially supplied with water.
Labor > GNI > Current US$: GNI (current US$). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Crime > Drug offences: Drug offence cases per 100,000 population (2000).
Military > Armed forces personnel > Total: Armed forces personnel are active duty military personnel, including paramilitary forces if the training, organisation, equipment, and control suggest they may be used to support or replace regular military forces."
Cost of living > IPad Index: Price of an Apple iPad Air 16 GB WIFI, in USD.
Media > Internet > Users > Per capita: This entry gives the number of users within a country that access the Internet. Statistics vary from country to country and may include users who access the Internet at least several times a week to those who access it only once within a period of several months. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Economy > GDP per person: GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Education > Secondary education > Teachers > Per capita: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Energy > Electricity production from renewable sources > KWh: Electricity production from renewable sources (kWh). Electricity production from renewable sources includes hydropower, geothermal, solar, tides, wind, biomass, and biofuels.
Education > Duration of compulsory education: Duration of compulsory education is the number of grades (or years) that a child must legally be enrolled in school.
Religion > Islam > Percentage Muslim: Percent of Muslims in each country.
Health > Births and maternity > Infant mortality rate: How many infants, out of 1000, who will die before attaining one year of age.
Environment > Pollution perceptions > Drinking water pollution: Drinking Water Pollution and Inaccessibility. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How do you find quality and the accessibility of drinking water?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Cost of living > Restaurant prices > 3 course meal for 2: Meal for 2, Mid-range Restaurant, Three-course. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Meal for 2, Mid-range Restaurant, Three-course". Prices in current USD.
Culture > Smoking > Cigarettes per adult per year: This list compares the average annual consumption of cigarettes per adult in countries around the world. Ten european countries top the list, all located at the East of the continent, with the exception of Greece. Developed asian countries like China, South Korea and Japan also register high cigarette consumption, while Africa hosts the countries with less consumption.
Environment > Proportion of land area under protection: Terrestrial areas protected to total surface area, percentage.
Media > Telecoms > Telephone lines per 1000: Telephone lines. Telephone lines are fixed telephone lines that connect a subscriber's terminal equipment to the public switched telephone network and that have a port on a telephone exchange. Integrated services digital network channels ands fixed wireless subscribers are included. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Industry > Car > Production: OICA defines passenger cars as motor vehicles used for transporting passengers with at least four wheels and containing 8 seats or less.
Health > Life expectancy > Women: Life expectancy for women.
Geography > Natural hazards: Potential natural disasters.
Economy > Exports > Main exports: Country main exports.
Labor > Employment rate > Adults: Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15 and older are generally considered the working-age population.
Industry > Manufacturing > Value added > Constant 2000 US$: Manufacturing refers to industries belonging to ISIC divisions 15-37. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are expressed constant 2000 U.S. dollars.
Government > Flag description: A written flag description produced from actual flags or the best information available at the time the entry was written. The flags of independent states are used by their dependencies unless there is an officially recognized local flag. Some disputed and other areas do not have flags.
Culture > Food and drink > Fast food > McDonalds > First outlet date: The date when the first McDonald's outlet opened in each country.
Economy > Budget > Revenues per capita: Revenues calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Geography > Rural population density > Rural population per sq. km of arable land: Rural population density is the rural population divided by the arable land area. Rural population is calculated as the difference between the total population and the urban population. Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded.
Geography > Maritime claims > Territorial sea: territorial sea - the sovereignty of a coastal State extends beyond its land territory and internal waters to an adjacent belt of sea, described as the territorial sea in the LOS Convention (Part II); this sovereignty extends to the air space over the territorial sea as well as its underlying seabed and subsoil; every State has the right to establish the breadth of its territorial sea up to a limit not exceeding 12 nautical miles. A full and definitive definition can be found in the Law of the Sea (LOS) Convention.
Labor > Expense > Current LCU: Expense (current LCU). Expense is cash payments for operating activities of the government in providing goods and services. It includes compensation of employees (such as wages and salaries), interest and subsidies, grants, social benefits, and other expenses such as rent and dividends.
Environment > Pollution perceptions > Clean water: Water Quality. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Are you concerned with the water pollution in this city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Economy > Gross National Income > Per $ GDP: GNI, Atlas method (current US$). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and prop Per $ GDP figures expressed per $100 of Gross Domestic Product.
Economy > Debt > External: Total public and private debt owed to non-residents repayable in foreign currency, goods, or services.
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Rent per month > 1 bedroom apartment > Outside city centre: Apartment (1 bedroom) Outside of Centre. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Apartment (1 bedroom) Outside of Centre". Prices in current USD.
Economy > Gross domestic savings > Current US$ per capita: Gross domestic savings are calculated as GDP less final consumption expenditure (total consumption). Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Crime > Perceived problems > Illegal drugs: Problem people using or dealing drugs. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How much of a problem are...) people using or dealing drugs?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Media > Televisions: The total number of televisions
Education > Secondary education, pupils: Secondary education, pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled at public and private secondary education institutions.
Agriculture > Agricultural machinery > Tractors > Per capita: Agricultural machinery refers to the number of wheel and crawler tractors (excluding garden tractors) in use in agriculture at the end of the calendar year specified or during the first quarter of the following year. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Media > Telephones > Main lines in use > Per capita: The total number of main telephone lines in use. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Agriculture > Grains > Wheat > Consumption: Figures for 2003/2004
Language > Linguistic diversity index: LDI.
Economy > Debt > External > Per capita: Total public and private debt owed to non-residents repayable in foreign currency, goods, or services. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Crime > Perceived problems > Problem corruption and bribery: Problem corruption and bribery. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How much of a problem are...) corruption and bribery?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
People > Marriage, divorce and children > Marriages per thousand people: Marriages by urban/rural residence. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Economy > GDP > Composition by sector > Services: The gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final services produced within a nation in a given year. GDP dollar estimates in the Factbook are derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) calculations. See the CIA World Factbook for more information.
Media > Internet users > Per 100 people: Internet users are people with access to the worldwide network.
Energy > Electricity > Production > Per capita: The annual electricity generated expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Transport > Road > Motorway density: Meters of motorway per square kilometer.
Geography > Area > Land per 1000: Total land area in square kilometres. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.

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STAT	China	Japan
Cost of living > Average monthly disposable salary > After tax	$731.14 Ranked 73th.	$2,782.43 Ranked 23th. 4 times more than China
Crime > Crime levels	22.1 Ranked 83th. 73% more than Japan	12.8 Ranked 18th.
Crime > Murder rate	1.2	1.02
Crime > Violent crime > Intentional homicide rate	1.12 Ranked 80th. 3 times more than Japan	0.35 Ranked 44th.
Crime > Violent crime > Murder rate	13,410 Ranked 6th. 27 times more than Japan	506 Ranked 45th.
Crime > Violent crime > Murder rate per million people	10.02 Ranked 74th. 3 times more than Japan	3.97 Ranked 111th.
Economy > GDP	$8.36 trillion Ranked 3rd. 40% more than Japan	$5.96 trillion Ranked 4th.
Economy > GDP per capita	$6,188.19 Ranked 82nd.	$46,720.36 Ranked 12th. 8 times more than China
Economy > Gross National Income	$1.13 trillion Ranked 6th.	$4.52 trillion Ranked 2nd. 4 times more than China
Economy > Population below poverty line	13.4% Ranked 7th.	16% Ranked 32nd. 19% more than China
Geography > Land area > Square miles	3.7 million square miles Ranked 1st. 25 times more than Japan	145,894 square miles Ranked 24th.
Government > Government type	Communist state	a parliamentary government with a constitutional monarchy
Government > Legal system	civil law influenced by Soviet and continental European civil law systems; legislature retains power to interpret statutes	civil law system based on German model; system also reflects Anglo-American influence and Japanese traditions; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court
Health > Physicians > Per 1,000 people	1.51 per 1,000 people Ranked 1st.	2 per 1,000 people Ranked 37th. 32% more than China
People > Population	1.35 billion Ranked 1st. 11 times more than Japan	127.25 million Ranked 10th.
Military > Air force > Combat aircraft	1,500 Ranked 1st. 4 times more than Japan	374 Ranked 6th.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 0-14	15.19% Ranked 119th. 12% more than Japan	13.58% Ranked 183th.
Health > Births and maternity > Total fertility rate	1.88% Ranked 78th. 2% more than Japan	1.85% Ranked 118th.
Geography > Area > Comparative	slightly smaller than the US	slightly smaller than California
Crime > Violent crime > Gun crime > Guns per 100 residents	4.9 Ranked 97th. 8 times more than Japan	0.6 Ranked 158th.
Crime > Age of criminal responsibility	14 Ranked 28th. 17% more than Japan	12 Ranked 37th.
Economy > Budget surplus > + or deficit > -	-1.7% of GDP Ranked 63th.	-10% of GDP Ranked 171st. 6 times more than China
Geography > Climate	extremely diverse; tropical in south to subarctic in north	varies from tropical in south to cool temperate in north
Geography > Area > Land	9.33 million sq km Ranked 3rd. 25 times more than Japan	374,744 sq km Ranked 60th.
Government > Legislative branch	unicameral National People's Congress or Quanguo Renmin Daibiao Dahui	bicameral Diet or Kokkai consists of the House of Councillors or Sangi-in (242 seats - members elected for fixed six-year terms; half reelected every three years; 146 members in multi-seat constituencies and 96 by proportional representation) and the House of Representatives or Shugi-in (480 seats - members elected for maximum four-year terms; 300 in single-seat constituencies; 180 members by proportional representation in 11 regional blocs); the prime minister has the right to dissolve the House of Representatives at any time with the concurrence of the cabinet
Geography > Geographic coordinates	35 00 N, 105 00 E	36 00 N, 138 00 E
Religion > Religions	Daoist (Taoist), Buddhist, Christian 3%-4%, Muslim 1%-2%; <i>note:</i> officially atheist	observe both Shinto and Buddhist 84%, other 16% (including Christian 0.7%)
Cost of living > Local purchasing power	42.36 Ranked 62nd.	93.22 Ranked 18th. 2 times more than China
People > Population > Population growth, past and future	-0.344 Ranked 172nd. 1% more than Japan	-0.339 Ranked 167th.
Military > Army > Main battle tanks	9,000 Ranked 1st. 10 times more than Japan	902 Ranked 7th.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Cigarettes > Pack of Marlboro	$2.45 Ranked 99th.	$4.32 Ranked 45th. 76% more than China
Environment > Marine fish catch	11.5 million tons Ranked 1st. 3 times more than Japan	3.96 million tons Ranked 4th.
Economy > Unemployment rate	6.5% Ranked 67th. 48% more than Japan	4.4% Ranked 94th.
People > Ethnic groups	Han Chinese 91.5%, Zhuang, Manchu, Hui, Miao, Uyghur, Tujia, Yi, Mongol, Tibetan, Buyi, Dong, Yao, Korean, and other nationalities 8.5%	Japanese 98.5%, Koreans 0.5%, Chinese 0.4%, other 0.6%
Government > Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	20 years of age; universal
Geography > Area > Total	9.6 million sq km Ranked 5th. 25 times more than Japan	377,915 sq km Ranked 63th.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-24 > Percent	10.59% Ranked 118th. 12% more than Japan	9.47% Ranked 185th.
Government > Constitution	most recent promulgation 4 December 1982; amended several times	previous 1890; latest approved 6 October 1946, adopted 3 November 1946, effective 3 May 1947
Agriculture > Arable land > Hectares	103.4 million hectares Ranked 4th. 24 times more than Japan	4.36 million hectares Ranked 24th.
Labor > Salaries and benefits > Minimum wage	The minimum wage in China is set locally, ranges from 830 RMB per month, 7.50 RMB per hour in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region to 1,400 RMB per month, 15.2 RMB per hour in Beijing .	Ranges from 664 Japanese yen ($8.17) to 869 yen ($10.65) per hour; set on a prefectural and industry basis.
Government > Judicial branch	Supreme People's Court (judges appointed by the National People's Congress); Local People's Courts (comprise higher, intermediate, and basic courts); Special People's Courts (primarily military, maritime, railway transportation, and forestry courts)	Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the monarch after designation by the cabinet; all other justices are appointed by the cabinet)
Education > Children out of school, primary	17.45 million Ranked 1st. 4235 times more than Japan	4,121 Ranked 85th.
Transport > Road > Motor vehicles per 1000 people	83 Ranked 111th.	591 Ranked 17th. 7 times more than China
Economy > GDP > Purchasing power parity per capita	$7,379.80 Ranked 94th.	$34,036.75 Ranked 23th. 5 times more than China
Geography > Land area > Sq. km	9.33 million sq km Ranked 2nd. 26 times more than Japan	364,500 sq km Ranked 59th.
People > Birth rate	12.25 births/1,000 population Ranked 161st. 49% more than Japan	8.23 births/1,000 population Ranked 219th.
Crime > Drugs > Opiates use	0.2% Ranked 7th. Twice as much as Japan	0.1% Ranked 8th.
Crime > Assault rate	9.5 Ranked 83th.	51 Ranked 56th. 5 times more than China
People > Population growth	-0.344% Ranked 172nd. 1% more than Japan	-0.339% Ranked 167th.
Education > Pupil-teacher ratio, primary	16.79 Ranked 80th.	17.5 Ranked 73th. 4% more than China
Economy > Budget > Revenues	$1.86 trillion Ranked 3rd.	$1.99 trillion Ranked 2nd. 7% more than China
People > Age distribution > Median age	46.9 years Ranked 80th.	51.76 years Ranked 8th. 10% more than China
Economy > GDP > Per capita > PPP	$9,100.00 Ranked 92nd.	$35,900.00 Ranked 22nd. 4 times more than China
Industry > Manufacturing output	1.45 trillion Ranked 2nd.	1.65 trillion Ranked 3rd. 14% more than China
Crime > Justice system > Punishment > Capital punishment (last execution year)	2,014 Ranked 3rd. The same as Japan	2,013 Ranked 13th.
Government > Political parties and leaders	Chinese Communist Party or CCP [XI Jinping]<br />eight nominally independent small parties ultimately controlled by the CCP	Democratic Party of Japan or DPJ [Banri KAIEDA]<br />Japan Communist Party or JCP [Kazuo SHII]<br />Japan Restoration Party or JRP [Shintaro ISHIHARA]<br />Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Shinzo ABE]<br />New Komeito or NK [Natsuo YAMAGUCHI]<br />People's Life Party or PF [Ichiro OZAWA]<br />Social Democratic Party or SDP [Mizuho FUKUSHIMA]<br />Tomorrow Party of Japan or TPJ [Tomoko ABE]<br />Your Party or YP [Yoshimi WATANABE]
Energy > Commercial energy use	904.93 Ranked 71st.	4,135.84 Ranked 22nd. 5 times more than China
Economy > Economy > Overview	Since the late 1970s China has moved from a closed, centrally planned system to a more market-oriented one that plays a major global role - in 2010 China became the world's largest exporter. Reforms began with the phasing out of collectivized agriculture, and expanded to include the gradual liberalization of prices, fiscal decentralization, increased autonomy for state enterprises, creation of a diversified banking system, development of stock markets, rapid growth of the private sector, and opening to foreign trade and investment. China has implemented reforms in a gradualist fashion. In recent years, China has renewed its support for state-owned enterprises in sectors it considers important to "economic security," explicitly looking to foster globally competitive national champions. After keeping its currency tightly linked to the US dollar for years, in July 2005 China revalued its currency by 2.1% against the US dollar and moved to an exchange rate system that references a basket of currencies. From mid 2005 to late 2008 cumulative appreciation of the renminbi against the US dollar was more than 20%, but the exchange rate remained virtually pegged to the dollar from the onset of the global financial crisis until June 2010, when Beijing allowed resumption of a gradual appreciation. The restructuring of the economy and resulting efficiency gains have contributed to a more than tenfold increase in GDP since 1978. Measured on a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis that adjusts for price differences, China in 2012 stood as the second-largest economy in the world after the US, having surpassed Japan in 2001. The dollar values of China's agricultural and industrial output each exceed those of the US; China is second to the US in the value of services it produces. Still, per capita income is below the world average. The Chinese government faces numerous economic challenges, including: (a) reducing its high domestic savings rate and correspondingly low domestic demand; (b) sustaining adequate job growth for tens of millions of migrants and new entrants to the work force; (c) reducing corruption and other economic crimes; and (d) containing environmental damage and social strife related to the economy's rapid transformation. Economic development has progressed further in coastal provinces than in the interior, and by 2011 more than 250 million migrant workers and their dependents had relocated to urban areas to find work. One consequence of population control policy is that China is now one of the most rapidly aging countries in the world. Deterioration in the environment - notably air pollution, soil erosion, and the steady fall of the water table, especially in the North - is another long-term problem. China continues to lose arable land because of erosion and economic development. The Chinese government is seeking to add energy production capacity from sources other than coal and oil, focusing on nuclear and alternative energy development. In 2010-11, China faced high inflation resulting largely from its credit-fueled stimulus program. Some tightening measures appear to have controlled inflation, but GDP growth consequently slowed to under 8% for 2012. An economic slowdown in Europe contributed to China's, and is expected to further drag Chinese growth in 2013. Debt overhang from the stimulus program, particularly among local governments, and a property price bubble challenge policy makers currently. The government's 12th Five-Year Plan, adopted in March 2011, emphasizes continued economic reforms and the need to increase domestic consumption in order to make the economy less dependent on exports in the future. However, China has made only marginal progress toward these rebalancing goals.	In the years following World War II, government-industry cooperation, a strong work ethic, mastery of high technology, and a comparatively small defense allocation (1% of GDP) helped Japan develop a technologically advanced economy. Two notable characteristics of the post-war economy were the close interlocking structures of manufacturers, suppliers, and distributors, known as keiretsu, and the guarantee of lifetime employment for a substantial portion of the urban labor force. Both features are now eroding under the dual pressures of global competition and domestic demographic change. Japan's industrial sector is heavily dependent on imported raw materials and fuels. A small agricultural sector is highly subsidized and protected, with crop yields among the highest in the world. While self-sufficient in rice production, Japan imports about 60% of its food on a caloric basis. For three decades, overall real economic growth had been spectacular - a 10% average in the 1960s, a 5% average in the 1970s, and a 4% average in the 1980s. Growth slowed markedly in the 1990s, averaging just 1.7%, largely because of the after effects of inefficient investment and an asset price bubble in the late 1980s that required a protracted period of time for firms to reduce excess debt, capital, and labor. Modest economic growth continued after 2000, but the economy has fallen into recession three times since 2008. A sharp downturn in business investment and global demand for Japan's exports in late 2008 pushed Japan into recession. Government stimulus spending helped the economy recover in late 2009 and 2010, but the economy contracted again in 2011 as the massive 9.0 magnitude earthquake and the ensuing tsunami in March disrupted manufacturing. The economy has largely recovered in the two years since the disaster, but reconstruction in the Tohoku region has been uneven. Newly-elected Prime Minister Shinzo ABE has declared the economy his government's top priority; he has pledged to reconsider his predecessor's plan to permanently close nuclear power plants and is pursuing an economic revitalization agenda of fiscal stimulus and regulatory reform and has said he will press the Bank of Japan to loosen monetary policy. Measured on a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis that adjusts for price differences, Japan in 2012 stood as the fourth-largest economy in the world after second-place China, which surpassed Japan in 2001, and third-place India, which edged out Japan in 2012. The new government will continue a longstanding debate on restructuring the economy and reining in Japan's huge government debt, which exceeds 200% of GDP. Persistent deflation, reliance on exports to drive growth, and an aging and shrinking population are other major long-term challenges for the economy.
Crime > Violent crime > Murders per million people	10.02 Ranked 74th. 3 times more than Japan	3.97 Ranked 111th.
Economy > Exports	$1.97 trillion Ranked 1st. 3 times more than Japan	$776.60 billion Ranked 4th.
Crime > Violent crime > Murders	13,410 Ranked 6th. 27 times more than Japan	506 Ranked 45th.
Government > Executive branch > Cabinet	State Council appointed by National People's Congress	Cabinet is appointed by the prime minister
Health > Hospital beds > Per 1,000 people	2.45 per 1,000 people Ranked 2nd.	14.3 per 1,000 people Ranked 1st. 6 times more than China
People > Marriage, divorce and children > Total divorces per thousand people	1.77 Ranked 19th.	1.84 Ranked 39th. 4% more than China
Education > Compulsary education duration	9 Ranked 60th. The same as Japan	9 Ranked 93th.
People > Gender > Female population	528.02 million Ranked 2nd. 12 times more than Japan	43.1 million Ranked 28th.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 0-14 > Total	164.91 million Ranked 3rd. 14 times more than Japan	11.47 million Ranked 37th.
Military > Budget	166 US$ BN Ranked 1st. 3 times more than Japan	51.4 US$ BN Ranked 3rd.
Economy > GDP > Per capita	$7,368.68 per capita Ranked 51st.	$33,523.37 per capita Ranked 25th. 5 times more than China
Agriculture > Rural population	40,495 Ranked 74th. 3 times more than Japan	15,225 Ranked 173th.
Energy > Electricity > Consumption > Per capita	2,584.88 kWh per capita Ranked 13th.	7,701.96 kWh per capita Ranked 20th. 3 times more than China
People > Death rate	7.31 deaths/1,000 population Ranked 120th.	9.27 deaths/1,000 population Ranked 60th. 27% more than China
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Water > 1.5 litre bottle	$0.64 Ranked 111th.	$1.41 Ranked 31st. 2 times more than China
Environment > Ecological footprint	1.84 Ranked 77th.	4.2 Ranked 8th. 2 times more than China
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Loaf of bread > Fresh, white	$1.67 Ranked 47th.	$1.81 Ranked 37th. 8% more than China
Government > Political pressure groups and leaders	no substantial political opposition groups exist	<strong>other: </strong>business groups; trade unions
Geography > Natural resources	coal, iron ore, petroleum, natural gas, mercury, tin, tungsten, antimony, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, magnetite, aluminum, lead, zinc, rare earth elements, uranium, hydropower potential (world's largest)	negligible mineral resources, fish
Industry > Manufacturing, value added > Current US$ per capita	$1,439.00 Ranked 39th.	$8,536.99 Ranked 3rd. 6 times more than China
Crime > Burglaries	90.7 Ranked 5th.	234 Ranked 2nd. 3 times more than China
Energy > Electricity > Consumption	4.69 trillion kWh Ranked 1st. 5 times more than Japan	859.7 billion kWh Ranked 2nd.
People > Age distribution > Total dependency ratio	76.63% Ranked 94th.	97.01% Ranked 5th. 27% more than China
Geography > Surface area > Sq. km	9.6 million kmÂ² Ranked 4th. 25 times more than Japan	377,910 kmÂ² Ranked 61st.
People > Population growth rate	0.46% Ranked 154th.	-0.1% Ranked 203th.
Geography > Area > Land > Per capita	7.01 sq km per 1,000 people Ranked 148th. 2 times more than Japan	2.94 sq km per 1,000 people Ranked 190th.
Media > Telephones > Mobile cellular > Per capita	414.03 per 1,000 people Ranked 95th.	842.31 per 1,000 people Ranked 60th. 2 times more than China
Agriculture > Agricultural land > Sq. km	5.19 million sq. km Ranked 1st. 114 times more than Japan	45,610 sq. km Ranked 94th.
Education > Children out of school, primary per 1000	14.19 Ranked 21st. 440 times more than Japan	0.0322 Ranked 116th.
Health > Life expectancy at birth, total > Years	75.04 Ranked 67th.	82.59 Ranked 4th. 10% more than China
Crime > Robberies	24.5 Ranked 9th. 6 times more than Japan	4 Ranked 63th.
Media > Internet > Internet users per thousand people	421.01 Ranked 101st.	791.21 Ranked 31st. 88% more than China
Energy > Electric power consumption > KWh per capita	3,297.97 Ranked 61st.	7,847.8 Ranked 21st. 2 times more than China
Cost of living > Basic utilities > Garbage, water, heating, electricity for 85 sqm apartment	$52.99 Ranked 123th.	$198.88 Ranked 31st. 4 times more than China
Crime > Believes crime increasing in the past 3 years	49.28 Ranked 82nd. 4% more than Japan	47.56 Ranked 16th.
Military > Personnel > Per capita	2.88 per 1,000 people Ranked 107th. 35% more than Japan	2.13 per 1,000 people Ranked 126th.
Military > War deaths	0.0 Ranked 78th.	0.0 Ranked 62nd.
Agriculture > Arable land > Hectares per capita	0.083 Ranked 139th. 2 times more than Japan	0.0333 Ranked 172nd.
Agriculture > Agricultural growth	122 Ranked 51st. 24% more than Japan	98 Ranked 154th.
Crime > Fear of crime > Violent hate crime	21.13 Ranked 68th.	23.72 Ranked 13th. 12% more than China
Economy > Debt > Government debt > Public debt, share of GDP	31.7 CIA Ranked 110th.	214.3 CIA Ranked 1st. 7 times more than China
Media > Internet users	389 million Ranked 1st. 4 times more than Japan	99.18 million Ranked 3rd.
Economy > Public debt	31.7% of GDP Ranked 111th.	219.1% of GDP Ranked 2nd. 7 times more than China
Economy > Inflation rate > Consumer prices	2.6% Ranked 137th.	0.0 Ranked 196th.
Education > Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary	15.15 Ranked 48th. 28% more than Japan	11.79 Ranked 69th.
Crime > Fear of crime > Feels safe walking alone > At night	72.89 Ranked 13th.	87.8 Ranked 1st. 20% more than China
Education > Average years of schooling of adults	6.4 Ranked 45th.	9.5 Ranked 13th. 48% more than China
Industry > Manufacturing, value added > Current US$	$1.92 trillion Ranked 2nd. 76% more than Japan	$1.09 trillion Ranked 2nd.
Language > Languages	Standard Chinese or Mandarin (Putonghua, based on the Beijing dialect), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghainese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages (see Ethnic groups entry)	Japanese
Transport > Road network length > Km
Economy > GDP > Composition, by sector of origin > Services	44.6% Ranked 145th.	72.8% Ranked 34th. 63% more than China
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-24 > Total	114.99 million Ranked 3rd. 14 times more than Japan	8 million Ranked 37th.
Economy > Exports per capita	$1,459.25 Ranked 92nd.	$6,088.04 Ranked 44th. 4 times more than China
Media > Personal computers > Per capita	40.88 per 1,000 people Ranked 95th.	541.63 per 1,000 people Ranked 17th. 13 times more than China
Geography > Average precipitation in depth > Mm per year	645 Ranked 120th.	1,668 Ranked 47th. 3 times more than China
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Milk > 1 litre	$2.09 Ranked 18th. 15% more than Japan	$1.81 Ranked 25th.
Cost of living > Cinema ticket price > International release	$12.23 Ranked 23th.	$17.67 Ranked 5th. 44% more than China
People > Age distribution > Population aged 60 or over > Percent	34.3% Ranked 87th.	41.12% Ranked 7th. 20% more than China
Cost of living > Clothing and shoe prices > Shoes > Pair of Nikes	$110.12 Ranked 33th. 39% more than Japan	$79.42 Ranked 111th.
Government > Administrative divisions	23 provinces (sheng, singular and plural), 5 autonomous regions (zizhiqu, singular and plural), and 4 municipalities (shi, singular and plural)<br /><strong>provinces:</strong> Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang; (see note on Taiwan)<br /><strong>autonomous regions:</strong> Guangxi, Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolia), Ningxia, Xinjiang Uygur, Xizang (Tibet)<br /><strong>municipalities:</strong> Beijing, Chongqing, Shanghai, Tianjin	47 prefectures; Aichi, Akita, Aomori, Chiba, Ehime, Fukui, Fukuoka, Fukushima, Gifu, Gunma, Hiroshima, Hokkaido, Hyogo, Ibaraki, Ishikawa, Iwate, Kagawa, Kagoshima, Kanagawa, Kochi, Kumamoto, Kyoto, Mie, Miyagi, Miyazaki, Nagano, Nagasaki, Nara, Niigata, Oita, Okayama, Okinawa, Osaka, Saga, Saitama, Shiga, Shimane, Shizuoka, Tochigi, Tokushima, Tokyo, Tottori, Toyama, Wakayama, Yamagata, Yamaguchi, Yamanashi
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Rent index	24.34 Ranked 56th.	36.78 Ranked 32nd. 51% more than China
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-64 > Total	614.64 million Ranked 2nd. 14 times more than Japan	42.88 million Ranked 32nd.
Education > Literacy > Total population	91.6% Ranked 2nd.	99% Ranked 4th. 8% more than China
Health > Quality of health care system > Health care system index	62.33 Ranked 29th.	85.03 Ranked 1st. 36% more than China
People > Age distribution > Population aged 0-4 > Total	54.14 million Ranked 3rd. 14 times more than Japan	3.76 million Ranked 37th.
Transport > Road density > Km of road per 100 sq. km of land area	36.02 Ranked 27th.	316 Ranked 3rd. 9 times more than China
People > Obesity > Adult obesity rate	5.7% Ranked 150th. 14% more than Japan	5% Ranked 154th.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Egg > Dozen	$1.91 Ranked 96th.	$2.09 Ranked 77th. 9% more than China
Military > Navy > Nuclear submarines	3 Ranked 1st.	0.0 Ranked 5th.
Education > College and university > Gender parity index	1.13 Ranked 50th. 26% more than Japan	0.891 Ranked 90th.
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Rent per month > 3 bedroom apartment > City centre	$1,341.17 Ranked 51st.	$1,912.91 Ranked 29th. 43% more than China
Economy > Distribution of family income > Gini index	47.4 Ranked 4th. 26% more than Japan	37.6 Ranked 6th.
Religion > Religions > All	Daoist (Taoist), Buddhist, Christian 3%-4%, Muslim 1%-2%	observe both Shinto and Buddhist 84%, other 16% (including Christian 0.7%)
Cost of living > Transport prices > New car > Volkswagen Golf 1.4 or similar	$24,468.62 Ranked 65th. 13% more than Japan	$21,597.23 Ranked 85th.
Education > Primary education, duration > Years	5 Ranked 154th.	6 Ranked 48th. 20% more than China
Military > Global Peace Index	2.14 Ranked 62nd. 66% more than Japan	1.29 Ranked 28th.
Education > Secondary education, duration > Years	6 Ranked 104th. The same as Japan	6 Ranked 97th.
Military > Navy > Corvette warships	15 Ranked 2nd.	24 Ranked 2nd. 60% more than China
Energy > Electric power consumption > KWh	4.43 trillion Ranked 1st. 4 times more than Japan	1 trillion Ranked 4th.
Media > Televisions per 1000	310.46 Ranked 58th.	677.27 Ranked 6th. 2 times more than China
Health > Births and maternity > Future births	10,854.24 Ranked 3rd. 14 times more than Japan	752.78 Ranked 37th.
Energy > Oil > Consumption > Per capita	5.73 bbl/day per 1,000 peopl Ranked 45th.	39.29 bbl/day per 1,000 peopl Ranked 18th. 7 times more than China
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-59	50.51% Ranked 107th. 12% more than Japan	45.29% Ranked 192nd.
Education > Children out of school, primary, female	8.48 million Ranked 1st. 358 times more than Japan	23,671 Ranked 31st.
Agriculture > Cereal yield > Kg per hectare	5,535.3 Ranked 18th.	6,017 Ranked 15th. 9% more than China
People > Population in 2015	1.39 million thousand Ranked 1st. 11 times more than Japan	127,993 thousand Ranked 10th.
Health > Births and maternity > Average age of mother at childbirth	28.4 Ranked 15th.	30.6 Ranked 13th. 8% more than China
Geography > Terrain	mostly mountains, high plateaus, deserts in west; plains, deltas, and hills in east	mostly rugged and mountainous
Education > High school enrolment rate	95.14 Ranked 49th.	100 Ranked 2nd. 5% more than China
Health > Life expectancy at birth > Total population	74.68 years Ranked 92nd.	82.25 years Ranked 5th. 10% more than China
Transport > Road > Motorway length	97,355 km Ranked 1st. 13 times more than Japan	7,383 km Ranked 6th.
Military > Paramilitary personnel	3.97 million Ranked 1st. 324 times more than Japan	12,250 Ranked 49th.
Military > Service age and obligation	18-22 years of age for selective compulsory military service, with 24-month service obligation; no minimum age for voluntary service (all officers are volunteers); 18-19 years of age for women high school graduates who meet requirements for specific military jobs	18 years of age for voluntary military service
Geography > Location	Eastern Asia, bordering the East China Sea, Korea Bay, Yellow Sea, and South China Sea, between North Korea and Vietnam	Eastern Asia, island chain between the North Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan, east of the Korean Peninsula
Health > Quality of health care system > Cost	57.14 Ranked 33th.	80.56 Ranked 1st. 41% more than China
People > Urban and rural > Population living in cities proper	588.45 million Ranked 1st. 7 times more than Japan	88.78 million Ranked 1st.
Lifestyle > Quality of life index	26.06 Ranked 61st.	165.44 Ranked 11th. 6 times more than China
Education > Government spending on education > Proportion of GDP	1.91% Ranked 115th.	3.78% Ranked 32nd. 98% more than China
Labor > Labor force > By occupation	agriculture 49%, industry 22%, services 29%	agriculture 4.6%, industry 27.8%, services 67.7%
Economy > Human Development Index	0.755 Ranked 84th.	0.943 Ranked 11th. 25% more than China
Labor > Unemployment rate	4% Ranked 74th.	5.1% Ranked 74th. 27% more than China
Education > Primary education, teachers per 1000	4.42 Ranked 71st. 41% more than Japan	3.14 Ranked 106th.
People > Death rate, crude > Per 1,000 people	7.14 Ranked 114th.	9.9 Ranked 45th. 39% more than China
Environment > Pollution perceptions > Air pollution	85.9 Ranked 2nd. 2 times more than Japan	36.46 Ranked 44th.
Economy > Tourist arrivals > Per capita	39.88 per 1,000 people Ranked 118th.	65.61 per 1,000 people Ranked 110th. 64% more than China
Media > Households with television	89.17% Ranked 56th.	99% Ranked 5th. 11% more than China
Health > Birth rate > Crude > Per 1,000 people	12.22 per 1,000 people Ranked 139th. 45% more than Japan	8.41 per 1,000 people Ranked 178th.
Conflict > Terrorism > Global Terrorism Index	4.99 Ranked 23th. 85 times more than Japan	0.059 Ranked 108th.
Military > WMD > Nuclear	China's nuclear weapons program began in 1955 and culminated in a successful nuclear test in 1964. Since then, China has conducted 45 nuclear tests, including tests of thermonuclear weapons and a neutron bomb. The series of nuclear tests in 1995-96 prior to China's signature of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) may have resulted in a smaller and lighter warhead design for the new generation of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) now under development. China is estimated to have about 400 strategic and tactical nuclear weapons, and stocks of fissile material sufficient to produce a much larger arsenal. China joined the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in 1984 and acceded to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) in 1992 as a nuclear weapon state. China provided nuclear reactors and technology to several countries in the 1980s and early 1990s, including design information and fissile material that reportedly helped Pakistan develop nuclear weapons. Since the early 1990s, China has improved its export controls, including the promulgation of regulations on nuclear and nuclear dual-use exports and has pledged to halt exports of nuclear technology to un-safeguarded facilities. In 2002 China ratified the IAEA Additional Protocol, the first and only nuclear weapons state to do so.	Japan's "Atomic Energy Basic Law" allows only peaceful nuclear activities, and its "Three Non-Nuclear Principles" pledge that Japan will not possess, produce, or permit the introduction of nuclear weapons into the country. Despite Japan's long-standing stance against nuclear weapons, there was an internal debate in the early 1970s about whether Japan should sign the NPT, in part due to concerns about assuring access to nuclear technology to meet national energy needs, and the discriminatory nature of the treaty. Some conservatives were also concerned that closing off the nuclear option might negatively impact future national security needs. Japan has played an active role in nuclear nonproliferation and disarmament, and has proposed a process for the total elimination of nuclear weapons. Japan ratified the CTBT in 1997 and has been a strong supporter of a Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty (FMCT). However, Japan's security relationship with the United States has tempered Tokyo's emphasis on disarmament. For example, Japan remains quiet about the possible presence of nuclear warheads on U.S. ships and military bases in Japan. Japan increasingly relies on nuclear power for its electricity needs, and has a highly developed civilian nuclear sector. Japan has a controversial program for recycling spent nuclear fuel that has produced large quantities of plutonium in the form of metal-oxide nuclear fuel. At the end of 2001, Japan had more than 30 metric tons of spent fuel stored at reprocessing plants in Britain and France, along with a domestic stockpile of 5 to 6 tons. These nuclear fuel stockpiles will ultimately return to Japan for use in domestic nuclear facilities. The original plan called for consumption of the stored fuel by 2010, but due to technical and safety issues, this timetable has been delayed and return of the stored fuel to Japan is proceeding slowly. Some argue this material could provide Japan with a latent nuclear weapons capability. In addition, the new facility under constructing in Rokkasho (Aomori Prefecture) will increase Japanese domestic reprocessing capacity and potentially produce an additional 5 tons of metal-oxide nuclear fuel per year. Although anti-nuclear sentiment among the Japanese public has far outweighed support for keeping a nuclear option open, several neighboring countries have expressed concerns about possible Japanese nuclear ambitions. Partly in response to these fears, the Japanese government completed an internal study in 1995 that reaffirmed previous conclusions that developing nuclear weapons would damage both Japanâ€™s national security and regional security. However recent tension developing in the region, particularly in the Korean peninsula, has led to increased discussions in Japan about the once taboo subject of nuclear weapons development. Despite recent speculation that Japan may reconsider its nuclear options, the deep aversion to nuclear weapons among the Japanese public will likely make any move in this direction difficult.
Culture > Happy Planet Index	57.1 Ranked 20th. 20% more than Japan	47.5 Ranked 45th.
Government > Executive branch > Head of government	Premier LI Keqiang (since 16 March 2013); Executive Vice Premier ZHANG Gaoli (since 16 March 2013), Vice Premier LIU Yandong (since 16 March 2013), Vice Premier MA Kai (since 16 March 2013), and Vice Premier WANG Yang (since 16 March 2013)	Prime Minister Shinzo ABE (since 26 December 2012); Deputy Prime Minister Taro ASO (since 26 December 2012)
Geography > Coastline	14,500 km Ranked 12th.	29,751 km Ranked 6th. 2 times more than China
Labor > Labor force	819.5 million Ranked 1st. 12 times more than Japan	65.7 million Ranked 9th.
Environment > Current issues	air pollution (greenhouse gases, sulfur dioxide particulates) from reliance on coal produces acid rain; water shortages, particularly in the north; water pollution from untreated wastes; deforestation; estimated loss of one-fifth of agricultural land since 1949 to soil erosion and economic development; desertification; trade in endangered species	air pollution from power plant emissions results in acid rain; acidification of lakes and reservoirs degrading water quality and threatening aquatic life; Japan is one of the largest consumers of fish and tropical timber, contributing to the depletion of these resources in Asia and elsewhere
Energy > Oil > Consumption	8.2 million bbl/day Ranked 3rd. 88% more than Japan	4.36 million bbl/day Ranked 4th.
Health > Life expectancy at birth, female > Years	76.36 Ranked 98th.	85.9 Ranked 3rd. 12% more than China
Education > College and university > Share of total education spending	23.98% Ranked 20th. 23% more than Japan	19.47% Ranked 23th.
Health > Life expectancy > Men	72 years Ranked 19th.	80 years Ranked 4th. 11% more than China
Military > Navy > Submarines	40 Ranked 1st. 3 times more than Japan	16 Ranked 3rd.
Media > Television > List of TV stations	<p>Chinese Central TV (CCTV) - state-run national broadcaster, networks include English-language CCTV News</p>	<p>NHK - public, operates the General TV, Educational TV channels. NHK also runs HD satellite channels BS1 and BS Premium. NHK World is the organisation's international English-language channel.</p> </p>TV Asahi - national commercial network</p> </p>Fuji TV - national commercial network</p> <br> <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-15217593">Full Article</a>
Energy > Oil > Production > Per capita	2.8 bbl/day per 1,000 peopl Ranked 11th. 3 times more than Japan	1.02 bbl/day per 1,000 peopl Ranked 79th.
Military > WMD > Missile	China has produced and deployed a wide range of ballistic missiles, ranging from short-range missiles to intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs). China's missiles are operated by the Second Artillery Corps, and include about 650 DF-11 (M-11) and DF-15 (M-9) missiles opposite Taiwan; several dozens of DF-3, DF-4, and DF-21 medium-range missiles that can reach Japan, India, and Russia; and 18-24 DF-5 ICBMs that can reach the United States and Europe. A transition is currently underway from relatively inaccurate, liquid-fueled, silo/cave-based missiles (DF-3, DF-4, DF-5) to more accurate, solid-fueled, mobile missiles (DF-11, DF-15, and DF-21, and a new ICBM [the DF-31] and SLBM [the JL-2], which are currently under development). China is replacing its older DF-5 missiles with new DF-5A variants, which may eventually be equipped with multiple warheads. A key question is how US deployment of ballistic missile defense (former known as theater and national missile defense) will affect the pace and scope of Chinese strategic modernization. Chinese missile exports have been a problem for more than a decade. China transferred 36 DF-3 medium-range missiles to Saudi Arabia in 1988, and supplied Pakistan with 34 M-11 short-range missiles in 1992. China has provided technology and expertise to the missile programs of several countries, including Pakistan, Iran, and North Korea. China has not joined the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR), but has pledged to abide by its main parameters. In November 2000, China promised not to assist any country in the development of nuclear-capable ballistic missiles. In August 2002, China issued regulations and a control list restricting the export of missiles and missile technology. Since 2004, China has been engaged in consultation with the MTCR; however, its application for membership was not successful in the regime's latest plenary meeting in Seoul, South Korea, in October 2004. Concerns about Chinese missile technology transfers continue.	Japan does not have a ballistic missile development program, but its space program includes a number of technologies that could potentially be adapted to long-range missiles. The solid-fueled M-5 rocket system, first launched in 1995, includes technologies that could be adapted to develop intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) capabilities roughly similar to those of the U.S. MX Peacekeeper missile. Japan's two-stage H-2 rocket is capable of placing a two-ton payload into orbit, but the H-2 is not optimal for ballistic missile applications due to its reliance on cryogenic liquid hydrogen and oxygen fuel. Japan lacks sophisticated command and control systems, as well as some guidance and warhead technology that would be necessary to develop operational missiles. Japan has partnered with the United States to research ballistic missile defenses (BMD), but has yet to make a final decision on future development and deployment. Many in Japan argue that a missile defense system would compliment the U.S. nuclear deterrent and defend against possible belligerents such as North Korea. Others argue that the system's costs outweigh the benefits, especially since the system's effectiveness is unproven. Missile defense also raises potential legal issues regarding Japanese legislation barring the military use of space. Japan is an active member of the MTCR and was involved in drafting the International Code of Conduct Against Ballistic Missile Proliferation (ICOC).
People > Total fertility rate	1.55 children born/woman Ranked 179th. 12% more than Japan	1.39 children born/woman Ranked 203th.
Crime > International Court of Justice > Current composition > Term End	2012	2012
Health > Life expectancy at birth, male > Years	73.78 Ranked 54th.	79.44 Ranked 11th. 8% more than China
People > Age distribution > Population aged 65 or over > Percent	28.19% Ranked 90th.	35.66% Ranked 5th. 26% more than China
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Rice > White, 1kg	$1.07 Ranked 121st.	$4.53 Ranked 4th. 4 times more than China
Media > Television receivers > Per capita	325.18 per 1,000 people Ranked 48th.	686.01 per 1,000 people Ranked 6th. 2 times more than China
Government > Executive branch > Chief of state	President XI Jinping (since 14 March 2013); Vice President LI Yuanchao (since 14 March 2013)	Emperor AKIHITO (since 7 January 1989)
Agriculture > Grains > Rice > Consumption	135,000 thousand metric tons Ranked 1st. 16 times more than Japan	8,658 thousand metric tons Ranked 9th.
Government > Diplomatic representation from the US > Mailing address	PSC 461, Box 50, FPO AP 96521-0002	Unit 9800, Box 300, APO AP 96303-0300
Media > Telecoms > Mobile cellular subscriptions > Per 100 people	81.26 Ranked 138th.	109.43 Ranked 86th. 35% more than China
Economy > GDP > Purchasing power parity	$12.26 trillion Ranked 2nd. 3 times more than Japan	$4.58 trillion Ranked 4th.
Labor > Salaries and benefits > Hourly minimum wage	$1.73 Ranked 74th.	$5.64 Ranked 17th. 3 times more than China
Government > Capital city > Name	Beijing	Tokyo
Government > Capital city > Geographic coordinates	39 55 N, 116 23 E	35 41 N, 139 45 E
Environment > Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > Million metric tons	4,266.04 Ranked 1st. 8 times more than Japan	561.21 Ranked 6th.
Government > International organization participation	ADB, AfDB (nonregional member), APEC, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), BIS, CDB, CICA, EAS, FAO, FATF, G-20, G-24 (observer), G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS (observer), OPCW, PCA, PIF (partner), SAARC (observer), SCO, SICA (observer), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNMIT, UNOCI, UNSC (permanent), UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC	ADB, AfDB (nonregional member), APEC, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE (observer), CERN (observer), CICA (observer), CP, EAS, EBRD, EITI (implementing country), FAO, FATF, G-20, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE (partner), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), SAARC (observer), SELEC (observer), SICA (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
People > Age dependency ratio > Dependents to working-age population	0.41 Ranked 170th.	0.51 Ranked 119th. 24% more than China
Crime > Prisoners	1.55 million prisoners Ranked 2nd. 22 times more than Japan	69,502 prisoners Ranked 19th.
Weather > Temperature > Highest temperature ever recorded	49.7 \u00b0C (121.5 \u00b0F)	41.0 \u00b0C (105.8 \u00b0F)
Media > Internet > Users per 1000	122.92 Ranked 93th.	689.59 Ranked 12th. 6 times more than China
Crime > Assaults	9.5 Ranked 10th.	51 Ranked 41st. 5 times more than China
Religion > Major religion(s)	Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, Taoism	Shintoism, Buddhism
Education > Average IQ	100 Ranked 10th.	105 Ranked 3rd. 5% more than China
Health > Probability of reaching 65 > Male	70.9% Ranked 51st.	84% Ranked 5th. 18% more than China
Cost of living > Internet > Broadband 6Mpbs, uncapped data	$19.93 Ranked 127th.	$36.58 Ranked 82nd. 84% more than China
Geography > Area > Water	27,060 sq km Ranked 19th. 2 times more than Japan	13,430 sq km Ranked 39th.
People > Age structure > 0-14 years	17.2% Ranked 178th. 28% more than Japan	13.4% Ranked 222nd.
Military > Military service age and obligation	18-24 years of age for selective compulsory military service, with a 2-year service obligation; no minimum age for voluntary service (all officers are volunteers); 18-19 years of age for women high school graduates who meet requirements for specific military jobs; a recent military decision allows women in combat roles; the first class of women warship commanders was in 2011	18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; mandatory retirement at age 53 for senior enlisted personnel and at 62 years for senior service officers
Media > Broadcast media	all broadcast media are owned by, or affiliated with, the Communist Party of China or a government agency; no privately owned TV or radio stations; state-run Chinese Central TV, provincial, and municipal stations offer more than 2,000 channels; the Central Propaganda Department lists subjects that are off limits to domestic broadcast media with the government maintaining authority to approve all programming; foreign-made TV programs must be approved prior to broadcast	a mixture of public and commercial broadcast TV and radio stations; 6 national terrestrial TV networks including 1 public broadcaster; the large number of radio and TV stations available provide a wide range of choices; satellite and cable services provide access to international channels
Transport > Airports	507 Ranked 14th. 3 times more than Japan	175 Ranked 33th.
Military > Navy > Aircraft carriers	1 Ranked 2nd.	0.0 Ranked 8th.
Geography > Area > Comparative to US places	slightly smaller than the US	slightly smaller than California
Crime > Punishment > Maximum length of sentence	None	None
Language > Major language(s)	Mandarin Chinese	Japanese
Economy > Currency > PPP conversion factor to official exchange rate ratio	0.25 Ranked 132nd.	1.13 Ranked 13th. 5 times more than China
People > Gender > Male population	557.61 million Ranked 2nd. 13 times more than Japan	41.38 million Ranked 29th.
Energy > Electricity production > KWh	4.72 trillion Ranked 1st. 5 times more than Japan	1.03 trillion Ranked 2nd.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 60 or over > Total	372.34 million Ranked 2nd. 11 times more than Japan	34.74 million Ranked 17th.
Media > News Agencies > List of news agencies	<p>Xinhua (New China News Agency) - state-run, web pages in English</p>	<p>Kyodo - English-language pages</p> </p>Japan Today - online news, in English</p>
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Apartment purchase price per sqm > City centre	$5,038.71 Ranked 23th.	$5,589.80 Ranked 17th. 11% more than China
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-64	56.62% Ranked 103th. 12% more than Japan	50.76% Ranked 192nd.
Economy > Fiscal year	calendar year	1
Background > Overview	<p>China is the world's most populous country, with a continuous culture stretching back nearly 4,000 years.</p> <p>Many of the elements that make up the foundation of the modern world originated in China, including paper, gunpowder, credit banking, the compass and paper money. </p> <p>After stagnating for more than two decades under the rigid authoritarianism of early communist rule under its late leader, Chairman Mao, China <a href="/news/world-asia-pacific-13017877" >China profile</a>now has the world's fastest-growing economy and is undergoing what has been described as a second industrial revolution. </p><br> <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-13017877">Full Article</a>	<p>Japan has the world's third-largest economy, having achieved remarkable growth in the second half of the 20th Century after the devastation of World War II.</p> <p>Its role in the international community is considerable. It is a major aid donor and a source of global capital and credit.</p> <p>More than three quarters of the population live in sprawling cities on the coastal fringes of Japan's four mountainous, heavily-wooded islands.</p><br> <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-14918801">Full Article</a>
Crime > Auto theft	35.5 Ranked 5th. 25% more than Japan	28.3 Ranked 46th.
Energy > Energy use > Kg of oil equivalent per capita	2,029.36 Ranked 59th.	3,539.48 Ranked 18th. 74% more than China
People > Age structure > 65 years and over	9.4% Ranked 80th.	24.8% Ranked 2nd. 3 times more than China
Economy > GDP > Composition by sector > Industry	46.6% Ranked 20th. 69% more than Japan	27.5% Ranked 98th.
Crime > Perceived problems > Problem violent crimes including assault and armed robbery	23.91 Ranked 71st. 74% more than Japan	13.75 Ranked 18th.
Geography > Population density > People per sq. km	139.87 people/mÂ² Ranked 63th.	350.55 people/mÂ² Ranked 21st. 3 times more than China
Labor > Hours worked > Standard workweek	40 hours Ranked 112th. The same as Japan	40 hours Ranked 98th.
Media > Internet > Fixed broadband Internet subscribers per 1000	130.03 Ranked 62nd.	276.69 Ranked 24th. 2 times more than China
Economy > Currency > Official exchange rate > LCU per US$, period average	$6.31 Ranked 101st.	$79.79 Ranked 59th. 13 times more than China
Crime > Murders > WHO	1.9 Ranked 131st. 4 times more than Japan	0.5 Ranked 180th.
Industry > Patent applications > Residents > Per capita	50.6 per 1 million people Ranked 29th.	2,836.05 per 1 million people Ranked 1st. 56 times more than China
Agriculture > Agriculture, value added > Current US$	$829.76 billion Ranked 1st. 12 times more than Japan	$68.28 billion Ranked 8th.
People > Nationality > Noun	Chinese (singular and plural)	Japanese (singular and plural)
Health > Diseases > Cancer > Cancer death rate (per 100,000 population)	143 Ranked 59th. 19% more than Japan	120 Ranked 117th.
Economy > Inequality > GINI index	41.53 Ranked 20th. 67% more than Japan	24.85 Ranked 30th.
Agriculture > Cultivable land > Hectares	140.63 million Ranked 3rd. 33 times more than Japan	4.33 million Ranked 48th.
Media > Radio > List of radio stations	<p>China National Radio - state-run</p> </p>China Radio International - state-run external broadcaster, programmes in more than 40 languages, notably to Taiwan and Korea</p>	<p>NHK - public, operates news/speech-based Radio 1, cultural/educational network Radio 2, classical music-based network FM Radio, external service Radio Japan</p> </p>Inter FM - Tokyo commercial music station</p> </p>J-Wave - Tokyo commercial music station</p> <br> <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-15217593">Full Article</a>
Culture > Food and drink > Beer consumption	44.68 billion L Ranked 1st. 8 times more than Japan	5.81 billion L Ranked 7th.
Crime > Fear of crime > Feels safe walking alone > During the day	85.71 Ranked 27th.	90.24 Ranked 2nd. 5% more than China
Economy > Imports per capita	$1,223.81 Ranked 119th.	$6,507.45 Ranked 52nd. 5 times more than China
Transport > Waterways	110,000 km Ranked 1st. 62 times more than Japan	1,770 km Ranked 32nd.
Economy > Gross National Income per capita	$888.47 Ranked 102nd.	$35,548.84 Ranked 4th. 40 times more than China
Military > Armed forces personnel	2.81 million Ranked 1st. 12 times more than Japan	237,000 Ranked 20th.
Education > Literacy > Female	87.6% Ranked 2nd.	99% Ranked 4th. 13% more than China
Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Industry	27.2% Ranked 7th. 4% more than Japan	26.2% Ranked 7th.
Labor > Labor force, total	787.63 million Ranked 1st. 12 times more than Japan	65.28 million Ranked 9th.
Agriculture > Farm workers	498.73 million Ranked 1st. 306 times more than Japan	1.63 million Ranked 57th.
Economy > Tax > Highest marginal tax rate > Individual rate	45% Ranked 12th.	50% Ranked 6th. 11% more than China
Health > Infant mortality rate > Total	16.06 deaths/1,000 live births Ranked 109th. 6 times more than Japan	2.78 deaths/1,000 live births Ranked 212th.
Economy > GDP per capita in 1950	$614.00 Ranked 45th.	$1,873.00 Ranked 29th. 3 times more than China
Cost of living > Clothing and shoe prices > Jeans > 1 pair of Levi 501s or equivalent	$102.16 Ranked 26th. 29% more than Japan	$79.21 Ranked 61st.
People > Age distribution > Elderly dependency ratio	49.8% Ranked 91st.	70.25% Ranked 5th. 41% more than China
Transport > Commute > Distance	0.7 km Ranked 38th.	18.88 km Ranked 2nd. 27 times more than China
Geography > Elevation extremes > Highest point	Mount Everest 8,850 m (highest point in Asia)	Fujiyama 3,776 m
Economy > Technology index	3.72 Ranked 60th.	5.68 Ranked 5th. 53% more than China
Agriculture > Agricultural growth per capita	117 Int. $ Ranked 33th. 21% more than Japan	97 Int. $ Ranked 112th.
Transport > Road > Expressway length	96,200 km Ranked 1st. 12 times more than Japan	7,803 km Ranked 8th.
Transport > Motor vehicles	10 motor vehicles per 100 p Ranked 56th.	543 motor vehicles per 100 p Ranked 8th. 54 times more than China
Military > Military expenditures	2.6% of GDP Ranked 19th. 3 times more than Japan	1% of GDP Ranked 46th.
Agriculture > Products	world leader in gross value of agricultural output; rice, wheat, potatoes, corn, peanuts, tea, millet, barley, apples, cotton, oilseed; pork; fish	rice, sugar beets, vegetables, fruit; pork, poultry, dairy products, eggs; fish
Cost of living > Consumer price index > Plus rent	39.5 Ranked 69th.	68.29 Ranked 24th. 73% more than China
Media > Internet > Internet users > Per 100 people	42.3 Ranked 98th.	79.05 Ranked 31st. 87% more than China
Cost of living > Restaurant prices > McDonalds meal	$4.57 Ranked 125th.	$6.38 Ranked 65th. 40% more than China
Environment > Pollution perceptions > Water pollution	72.66 Ranked 10th. 88% more than Japan	38.75 Ranked 44th.
Economy > Development > Human Development Index	0.699 Ranked 101st.	0.912 Ranked 10th. 30% more than China
Economy > Population below poverty line > Per capita	0.002% per 1 million people Ranked 27th.	0.123% per 1 million people Ranked 23th. 62 times more than China
Education > Children out of school, primary, female per 1000	6.89 Ranked 20th. 35 times more than Japan	0.197 Ranked 58th.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 0-4 > Percent	4.99% Ranked 118th. 12% more than Japan	4.45% Ranked 182nd.
People > Physicians density	1.46 physicians/1,000 population Ranked 29th.	2.14 physicians/1,000 population Ranked 21st. 47% more than China
Crime > Drugs > Lifetime cannabis use	0.3% Ranked 8th.	1.5% Ranked 7th. 5 times more than China
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Chicken breasts > Skinless, boneless	$4.19 Ranked 123th.	$8.47 Ranked 38th. 2 times more than China
Economy > Big Mac Index	$1.30 Ranked 63th.	$2.19 Ranked 37th. 68% more than China
Agriculture > Arable land > Hectares per 1000	80.25 hectares Ranked 143th. 2 times more than Japan	34.12 hectares Ranked 65th.
Military > Military branches	People's Liberation Army (PLA): Ground Forces, Navy (PLAN; includes marines and naval aviation), Air Force (Zhongguo Renmin Jiefangjun Kongjun, PLAAF; includes Airborne Forces), and Second Artillery Corps (strategic missile force); People's Armed Police (Renmin Wuzhuang Jingcha Budui, PAP); PLA Reserve Force	Japanese Ministry of Defense (MOD): Ground Self-Defense Force (Rikujou Jieitai, GSDF), Maritime Self-Defense Force (Kaijou Jieitai, MSDF), Air Self-Defense Force (Koukuu Jieitai, ASDF)
People > Marriage, divorce and children > Total divorces	2.39 million Ranked 1st. 10 times more than Japan	235,719 Ranked 4th.
Economy > GDP > Per capita > PPP per thousand people	$0.01 Ranked 183th.	$0.28 Ranked 126th. 42 times more than China
Energy > Electricity > Installed generating capacity per thousand people	848.45 kW Ranked 5th.	2,251.86 kW Ranked 21st. 3 times more than China
People > Age distribution > Population aged 65 or over > Total	306.08 million Ranked 2nd. 10 times more than Japan	30.12 million Ranked 15th.
Education > College and university > Gender ratio	104.07 Ranked 59th. 18% more than Japan	88.42 Ranked 68th.
Economy > Exports > Commodities	electrical and other machinery, including data processing equipment, apparel, radio telephone handsets, textiles, integrated circuits	motor vehicles 13.6%; semiconductors 6.2%; iron and steel products 5.5%; auto parts 4.6%; plastic materials 3.5%; power generating machinery 3.5%
Energy > Electricity > Consumption per capita	2,595.39 kWh Ranked 12th.	6,730.27 kWh Ranked 6th. 3 times more than China
Energy > Gasoline > Pump price for gasoline > US$ per liter	$1.37 Ranked 90th.	$2.00 Ranked 18th. 46% more than China
Religion > Christianity > Percent Christian	3.5% Ranked 30th. 75% more than Japan	2% Ranked 35th.
Agriculture > Produce > Crop > Production index	115.2% Ranked 40th. 21% more than Japan	95.4% Ranked 154th.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-59 > Total	548.39 million Ranked 3rd. 14 times more than Japan	38.26 million Ranked 33th.
Crime > Prisoners > Per capita	119 per 100,000 people Ranked 71st. 2 times more than Japan	54 per 100,000 people Ranked 126th.
Crime > Punishment > Crimes possibly attracting life sentence	Various	Death sentence due to foreign aggression
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Groceries index	55.92 Ranked 70th.	101.06 Ranked 16th. 81% more than China
Geography > Total area > Sq. km	9.6 million Ranked 4th. 25 times more than Japan	377,930 Ranked 59th.
Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Agriculture	39.5% Ranked 5th. 10 times more than Japan	3.9% Ranked 17th.
Religion > Seventh-day Adventist Membership	338,277 Ranked 12th. 22 times more than Japan	15,061 Ranked 66th.
Economy > Poverty and inequality > Richest quintile to poorest quintile ratio	12.2 Ranked 2nd. 4 times more than Japan	3.4 Ranked 2nd.
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Rent per month > 1 bedroom apartment > City centre	$602.95 Ranked 54th.	$976.69 Ranked 27th. 62% more than China
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Apple > 1kg	$1.84 Ranked 104th.	$5.32 Ranked 9th. 3 times more than China
Energy > Electricity > Production	4.94 trillion kWh Ranked 1st. 5 times more than Japan	936.2 billion kWh Ranked 3rd.
Government > Country name > Conventional long form	People's Republic of China	none
Media > Personal computers per 1000	40.88 Ranked 94th.	541.64 Ranked 17th. 13 times more than China
Transport > Highways > Total > Per capita	1.11 km per 1,000 people Ranked 58th.	9.17 km per 1,000 people Ranked 12th. 8 times more than China
People > Age distribution > Population aged 80 or over > Total	119.51 million Ranked 1st. 7 times more than Japan	16.15 million Ranked 10th.
Transport > Vehicles > Per km of road	11.86 Ranked 38th.	63.51 Ranked 11th. 5 times more than China
People > Cities > Urban population	59,505 Ranked 150th.	84,775 Ranked 51st. 42% more than China
Geography > Land use > Arable land	11.62% Ranked 92nd. 3% more than Japan	11.26% Ranked 94th.
Industry > CO2 emissions from manufacturing industries and construction > Million metric tons	2,487.49 Ranked 1st. 10 times more than Japan	244.78 Ranked 6th.
Transport > Motor vehicles > Per 1,000 people	32.24 Ranked 107th.	595 Ranked 16th. 18 times more than China
Industry > Manufacturing growth	16.62 Ranked 6th. 5 times more than Japan	3.62 Ranked 81st.
Government > Civil law system	civil law system; based on native customs and practices with Soviet and German influence	Modeled after European (primarily German) civil law system. Japanese civil code of 1895.
Crime > Fear of crime > Worries about being attacked	24.31 Ranked 78th. 54% more than Japan	15.79 Ranked 17th.
Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Services	33.2% Ranked 19th.	69.8% Ranked 5th. 2 times more than China
People > Abortion > Abortion rate	24.2 abortions per 1,000 women Ranked 1st. 97% more than Japan	12.3 abortions per 1,000 women Ranked 16th.
Culture > World Heritage Sites	31 Ranked 5th. 2 times more than Japan	13 Ranked 14th.
Transport > Passenger cars > Per 1,000 people	22.47 Ranked 96th.	324.56 Ranked 38th. 14 times more than China
Economy > Imports	$1.65 trillion Ranked 2nd. Twice as much as Japan	$830.10 billion Ranked 4th.
People > Nationality > Adjective	Chinese	Japanese
Agriculture > Produce > Food > Production index	117.8% Ranked 21st. 21% more than Japan	97.7% Ranked 157th.
Media > Radio broadcast stations	AM 369, FM 259, shortwave 45	AM 215 (plus 370 repeaters), FM 89 (plus 485 repeaters), shortwave 21
Health > Deaths > Percent deaths registered	<25	90-100
People > Sex ratio > Total population	1.06 male(s)/female Ranked 17th. 12% more than Japan	0.95 male(s)/female Ranked 170th.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 5-14 > Percent	10.2% Ranked 119th. 12% more than Japan	9.13% Ranked 183th.
Environment > Pollution perceptions > Air quality	14.1 Ranked 58th.	63.54 Ranked 16th. 5 times more than China
Health > Fertility rate > Total > Births per woman	1.81 births per woman Ranked 130th. 44% more than Japan	1.26 births per woman Ranked 169th.
Industry > Growth	9.9 Ranked 7th. 6 times more than Japan	1.78 Ranked 123th.
Lifestyle > Happiness level > Very happy	25% Ranked 23th. 9% more than Japan	23% Ranked 26th.
Sports > Chess > GrandMasters	19 Ranked 12th.	0.0 Ranked 88th.
Government > Executive branch > Elections	president and vice president elected by National People's Congress for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held on 5-17 March 2013 (next to be held in March 2018); premier nominated by president, confirmed by National People's Congress	Diet, the bicameral legislature, designates the prime minister; constitution requires that the prime minister commands parliamentary majority; following legislative elections, the leader of majority party or leader of majority coalition in House of Representatives usually becomes prime minister; the monarchy is hereditary
Crime > Software piracy rate	82% Ranked 18th. 4 times more than Japan	23% Ranked 103th.
Health > Infant mortality rate	25.28 Ranked 81st. 8 times more than Japan	3.28 Ranked 177th.
Religion > Christian > Mormon > Congregations	34 Ranked 45th.	281 Ranked 10th. 8 times more than China
Military > Expenditures > Percent of GDP	4.3% Ranked 14th. 5 times more than Japan	0.8% Ranked 78th.
Economy > Budget > Expenditures	$1.99 trillion Ranked 3rd.	$2.58 trillion Ranked 2nd. 29% more than China
People > Sex ratio > At birth	1.12 male(s)/female Ranked 4th. 6% more than Japan	1.06 male(s)/female Ranked 42nd.
Environment > Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$	$3.25 trillion Ranked 2nd.	$3.76 trillion Ranked 3rd. 15% more than China
Health > HIV AIDS > People living with HIV AIDS > Per capita	0.652 per 1,000 people Ranked 76th. 7 times more than Japan	0.094 per 1,000 people Ranked 94th.
Energy > Crude oil > Production	4.42 million bbl/day Ranked 4th. 33 times more than Japan	135,500 bbl/day Ranked 45th.
Lifestyle > Happiness net	49% Ranked 29th.	72% Ranked 19th. 47% more than China
Background > National tree	Ginkgo	Cherry blossom
Economy > GINI index	46.9 Ranked 6th. 89% more than Japan	24.85 Ranked 31st.
Media > Daily newspapers > Per 1,000 people	74.1 Ranked 41st.	551.23 Ranked 2nd. 7 times more than China
Cost of living > Restaurant prices > Restaurant index	39.01 Ranked 94th.	60.22 Ranked 49th. 54% more than China
Economy > Reserves of foreign exchange and gold per capita	$1,163.99 Ranked 50th.	$7,467.28 Ranked 8th. 6 times more than China
Economy > Debt > Net foreign assets > Current LCU	25.82 trillion Ranked 9th.	94.64 trillion Ranked 4th. 4 times more than China
People > Marriage, divorce and children > Marriages	12.97 million Ranked 1st. 20 times more than Japan	661,895 Ranked 6th.
Economy > Tourist arrivals	53.05 million Ranked 5th. 6 times more than Japan	8.35 million Ranked 26th.
Crime > Perceived problems > Property crimes including vandalism and theft	37.86 Ranked 75th. 2 times more than Japan	18.13 Ranked 18th.
Economy > Budget > Revenues > Per capita	$857.64 per capita Ranked 46th.	$11,472.65 per capita Ranked 23th. 13 times more than China
Military > Manpower fit for military service > Males age 16-49	None	None
Cost of living > Sports > Tennis court hire > 1 hour, weekend	$13.53 Ranked 72nd.	$16.41 Ranked 47th. 21% more than China
Environment > Transport CO2 emission index	4,265 Ranked 20th. 7 times more than Japan	622.5 Ranked 38th.
Industry > Industry, value added > Current US$	$3.73 trillion Ranked 1st. 2 times more than Japan	$1.53 trillion Ranked 3rd.
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Apartment purchase price per sqm > Outside city centre	$2,562.63 Ranked 35th.	$3,987.85 Ranked 13th. 56% more than China
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Potatoes > 1kg	$0.94 Ranked 96th.	$3.15 Ranked 7th. 3 times more than China
People > Age distribution > Population aged 80 or over > Percent	11.01% Ranked 95th.	19.12% Ranked 4th. 74% more than China
Education > Child care (preschool) > Duration	3 Ranked 50th. The same as Japan	3 Ranked 41st.
Economy > Inbound tourism income > Current US$	$44.13 billion Ranked 8th. 3 times more than Japan	$13.78 billion Ranked 22nd.
Environment > CO2 Emissions per 1000	2.7 Ranked 78th.	9.59 Ranked 22nd. 4 times more than China
Media > Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers > Per 1,000 people	570.23 per 1,000 people Ranked 71st.	1,201.54 per 1,000 people Ranked 36th. 2 times more than China
Energy > Electricity > Consumption by households per capita	216.67 kWh Ranked 120th.	2,614.49 kWh Ranked 18th. 12 times more than China
Economy > Tax > Tax rates	17 Ranked 82nd.	20.72 Ranked 33th. 22% more than China
Government > National symbol(s)	dragon	red sun disc; chrysanthemum
Religion > Muslim > Muslim percentage of total population	1.8% Ranked 111th. 18 times more than Japan	0.1% Ranked 168th.
Geography > Irrigated land	641,410 sq km Ranked 2nd. 26 times more than Japan	25,000 sq km Ranked 1st.
Labor > GNI > Current US$	$8.18 trillion Ranked 3rd. 33% more than Japan	$6.15 trillion Ranked 4th.
Crime > Drug offences	3.9 per 100,000 people Ranked 59th.	26,477 per 100,000 people Ranked 10th. 6789 times more than China
Military > Armed forces personnel > Total	2.88 million Ranked 1st. 12 times more than Japan	242,000 Ranked 22nd.
Cost of living > IPad Index	$602.52 Ranked 27th. 20% more than Japan	$501.56 Ranked 40th.
Media > Internet > Users > Per capita	122.56 per 1,000 people Ranked 94th.	691.42 per 1,000 people Ranked 12th. 6 times more than China
Economy > GDP per person	3,744.36 Ranked 92nd.	39,738.13 Ranked 18th. 11 times more than China
Education > Secondary education > Teachers > Per capita	4.1 per 1,000 people Ranked 85th.	4.79 per 1,000 people Ranked 78th. 17% more than China
Energy > Electricity production from renewable sources > KWh	803.47 billion Ranked 1st. 7 times more than Japan	120.91 billion Ranked 5th.
Education > Duration of compulsory education	9 years Ranked 77th.	10 years Ranked 39th. 11% more than China
Religion > Islam > Percentage Muslim	3% Ranked 99th. 15 times more than Japan	0.2% Ranked 141st.
Health > Births and maternity > Infant mortality rate	12.1 Ranked 121st. 5 times more than Japan	2.2 Ranked 190th.
Environment > Pollution perceptions > Drinking water pollution	67.91 Ranked 3rd. 2 times more than Japan	28.75 Ranked 43th.
Cost of living > Restaurant prices > 3 course meal for 2	$24.47 Ranked 94th.	$39.27 Ranked 55th. 60% more than China
Culture > Smoking > Cigarettes per adult per year	1,711 Ranked 21st.	1,841 Ranked 17th. 8% more than China
Environment > Proportion of land area under protection	16.71% Ranked 90th. 1% more than Japan	16.54% Ranked 93th.
Media > Telecoms > Telephone lines per 1000	206.46 Ranked 78th.	503.86 Ranked 16th. 2 times more than China
Industry > Car > Production	13.9 million Ranked 1st. 67% more than Japan	8.31 million Ranked 2nd.
Health > Life expectancy > Women	76 years Ranked 30th.	87 years Ranked 1st. 14% more than China
Geography > Natural hazards	frequent typhoons (about five per year along southern and eastern coasts); damaging floods; tsunamis; earthquakes; droughts; land subsidence	many dormant and some active volcanoes; about 1,500 seismic occurrences (mostly tremors) every year; tsunamis; typhoons
Economy > Exports > Main exports	Manufactured goods, including textiles, garments, electronics, arms	Vehicles, computer parts, chemicals, scientific instruments and watches
Labor > Employment rate > Adults	71 Ranked 23th. 31% more than Japan	54.2 Ranked 112th.
Industry > Manufacturing > Value added > Constant 2000 US$	644.38 billion constant 2000 US$ Ranked 1st.	1.06 trillion constant 2000 US$ Ranked 2nd. 64% more than China
Government > Flag description	red with a large yellow five-pointed star and four smaller yellow five-pointed stars (arranged in a vertical arc toward the middle of the flag) in the upper hoist-side corner; the color red represents revolution, while the stars symbolize the four social classes - the working class, the peasantry, the urban petty bourgeoisie, and the national bourgeoisie (capitalists) - united under the Communist Party of China	white with a large red disk (representing the sun without rays) in the center
Culture > Food and drink > Fast food > McDonalds > First outlet date	October 8, 1990	July 20, 1971
Economy > Budget > Revenues per capita	$858.93 Ranked 87th.	$12,852.05 Ranked 19th. 15 times more than China
Geography > Rural population density > Rural population per sq. km of arable land	765.59 people/kmÂ² of arable lan Ranked 28th.	1,002.26 people/kmÂ² of arable lan Ranked 5th. 31% more than China
Geography > Maritime claims > Territorial sea	12 nautical mile Ranked 65th. The same as Japan	12 nautical mile Ranked 50th.
Labor > Expense > Current LCU	1.78 trillion Ranked 15th.	92.71 trillion Ranked 4th. 52 times more than China
Environment > Pollution perceptions > Clean water	27.34 Ranked 50th.	61.25 Ranked 16th. 2 times more than China
Economy > Gross National Income > Per $ GDP	$15.56 per $100 Ranked 1st.	$120.69 per $100 Ranked 1st. 8 times more than China
Economy > Debt > External	$728.90 billion Ranked 18th.	$3.02 trillion Ranked 5th. 4 times more than China
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Rent per month > 1 bedroom apartment > Outside city centre	$343.74 Ranked 75th.	$568.86 Ranked 37th. 65% more than China
Economy > Gross domestic savings > Current US$ per capita	840.45$ Ranked 52nd.	8,829.9$ Ranked 13th. 11 times more than China
Crime > Perceived problems > Illegal drugs	26.74 Ranked 81st. 86% more than Japan	14.37 Ranked 18th.
Economy > Central bank discount rate	2.25% Ranked 33th. 23 times more than Japan	0.1% Ranked 51st.
Media > Televisions	400 million Ranked 1st. 5 times more than Japan	86.5 million Ranked 3rd.
Education > Secondary education, pupils	97.45 million Ranked 2nd. 13 times more than Japan	7.28 million Ranked 11th.
Agriculture > Agricultural machinery > Tractors > Per capita	0.773 per 1,000 people Ranked 105th.	15.88 per 1,000 people Ranked 23th. 21 times more than China
Media > Telephones > Main lines in use > Per capita	276.43 per 1,000 people Ranked 44th.	402.03 per 1,000 people Ranked 27th. 45% more than China
Agriculture > Grains > Wheat > Consumption	104,500 thousand metric tons Ranked 1st. 17 times more than Japan	6,040 thousand metric tons Ranked 15th.
Education > Girls to boys ratio > Primary level enrolment	1 Ranked 33th. The same as Japan	1 Ranked 22nd.
Language > Linguistic diversity index	0.491 Ranked 91st. 18 times more than Japan	0.028 Ranked 180th.
Economy > Debt > External > Per capita	$274.62 per capita Ranked 106th.	$11,708.07 per capita Ranked 30th. 43 times more than China
Crime > Perceived problems > Problem corruption and bribery	76.23 Ranked 39th. 3 times more than Japan	27.14 Ranked 16th.
People > Marriage, divorce and children > Marriages per thousand people	9.6 Ranked 3rd. 85% more than Japan	5.18 Ranked 48th.
Economy > GDP > Composition by sector > Services	43.7% Ranked 145th.	71.4% Ranked 36th. 63% more than China
Media > Internet users > Per 100 people	22.5 Ranked 94th.	75.16 Ranked 14th. 3 times more than China
Energy > Electricity > Production > Per capita	2,594.65 kWh per capita Ranked 13th.	8,490.7 kWh per capita Ranked 20th. 3 times more than China
Transport > Road > Motorway density	72.26 m of motorway per square km Ranked 48th. 4 times more than Japan	19.54 m of motorway per square km Ranked 12th.
Geography > Area > Land per 1000	7.04 sq km Ranked 135th. 2 times more than Japan	2.93 sq km Ranked 173th.

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Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; pollution; World Tourism Organisation, Yearbook of Tourism Statistics, Compendium of Tourism Statistics and data files.; http://www.visionofhumanity.org/sites/default/files/2012_Global_Terrorism_Index_Report.pdf, Institute for Economics and Peace, p. 4 f.; The Nuclear Threat Initiative; http://www.happyplanetindex.org/data/; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; Various sources compiled into Wikipedia's: International Court of Justice; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; Source: UNESCO UIS Data | UNESCO Institute for Statistics; United States Department of Agriculture; International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Development Report and database, and World Bank estimates.; The Eighth United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2002) (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Centre for International Crime Prevention); Wikipedia: List of weather records (Highest temperatures ever recorded); All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Lynn, R. and Vanhanen, T. (2002). IQ and the Wealth of Nations. Westport, CT: Praeger. ISBN 0-275-97510-X; UN (United Nations). 2001. World Population Prospects 1950-2050: The 2000 Revision. Database. Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. New York; CIA World Factbook, 28 July 2005; Wikipedia: Life imprisonment (Summary by country); United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; Wikipedia: List of minimum wages by country (Countries) ("Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2013" . State.gov . Retrieved 2014-03-04 .); International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Development Report and database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics. World Bank World Development Indicators.; World Health Organisation.; World Bank national accounts data

United Nations Statistics Division
; World Health Organization. Source tables; World Bank, Development Research Group. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/jsp/index.jsp).; Per Capita Beer Consumption by Country in 2012, Kirin Holdings Company. Table 3.; . Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; IISS (International Institute for Strategic Studies). 2001. The Military Balance 2001-2002. Oxford: Oxford University Press; International Labour Organization, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database.; Food and Agriculture Organisation, Production Yearbook and data files.; KPMG's Individual Income Tax and Social Security Rate Survey 2009 (www.kpmg.com), and PricewaterhouseCoopers's Worldwide Tax Summaries Online (www.pwc.com).; Angus Maddison; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; traffic; World economic forum - Global Competitiveness Report 2004-2005; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=FAO&f=itemCode%3a2051, Agriculture (PIN) +; Wikipedia: List of countries by road network size; United Nations World Statistics Pocketbook and Statistical Yearbook; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 25 March 2010.; United Nations Development Programme. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; Mostly Table GPS-8 Part (i) ''Lifetime prevalence of drug use among all adults (aged 15 to 64 years old) in nationwide surveys among the general population'' EMCDDA (European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction) unless otherwise referred on Wikipedia: Adult lifetime cannabis use by country; The Economist.; World Development Indicators database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; CIA World Factbook 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; German Agency for International Cooperation (GIZ).; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity_by_country#Sovereign_states; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; International Centre for Prison Studies - World Prison Brief; http://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/prices_by_city.jsp?displayCurrency=USD; adventiststatistics.org 2004 Annual Report 31 December 2004; http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/14/hdr2013_en_complete.pdf, United Nations Development Programme, 2013. Table 3, p. 152 ff.; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; International Road Federation, World Road Statistics and data files.; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; Wikipedia: List of national legal systems (Civil law); http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=GenderStat&f=inID%3a12, Abortion rate; Wikipedia: Table of World Heritage Sites by country (Table of World Heritage Sites); World Health Organization. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; World Values Survey 2005; World Chess Federation, 2006; Fifth Annual BSA and IDC Global Software Piracy Study; Wikipedia: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in France (Membership Statistics); The Changing Wealth of Nations: Measuring Sustainable Development in the New Millennium; Wikipedia: List of national trees (National trees); International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files. World Bank World Development Indicators.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; World Resources Institute. 2003. Carbon Emissions from energy use and cement manufacturing, 1850 to 2000. Available on-line through the Climate Analysis Indicators Tool (CAIT) at Washington, DC: World Resources Institute. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Source: Energy Statistics Database | United Nations Statistics Division. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, and World Bank and OECD GDP estimates.; Wikipedia: Islam by country (Table) ("Muslim Population by Country" . The Future of the Global Muslim Population . Pew Research Center . Retrieved 22 December 2011 .); International Institute for Strategic Studies, The Military Balance.; https://content.markitcdn.com/CommSec/Api/Document/B64ENCeyJkayI6IjIyMDMtMTAzMDM1Mi0xIiwiZmlkIjpudWxsLCJkdCI6bnVsbH0%3D.pdf, April 2014. p. 1.; IEA; International Religious Freedom Report 2004, U.S. State Department; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Wikipedia: List of countries by cigarette consumption per capita (List); United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Development Report and database, and World Bank estimates. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers.; International Labour Organisation, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database.; Wikipedia: List of countries with McDonald's restaurants (Countries and territories with a McDonald's outlet); International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files. World Bank World Development Indicators.; CIA World Factbook, December 2003; Wikipedia: Linguistic diversity index (Rankings by country) (UNESCO World Report – Investing in Cultural Diversity and Intercultural Dialogue); United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.

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