| Countries (A to Z) |
Description |
| Afghanistan |
President of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Hamid KARZAI (since 7 December 2004); Vice Presidents Ahmad Zia MASOOD and Abdul Karim KHALILI (since 7 December 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government; former King ZAHIR Shah held the honorific, "Father of the Country," and presided symbolically over certain occasions but lacked any governing authority; the honorific is not hereditary; King ZAHIR Shah died on 23 July 2007 |
| Akrotiri |
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) |
| Albania |
President of the Republic Bamir TOPI (since 24 July 2007) |
| Algeria |
President Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA (since 28 April 1999) |
| American Samoa |
President George W. BUSH of the US (since 20 January 2001); Vice President Richard B. CHENEY (since 20 January 2001) |
| Andorra |
French Coprince Nicolas SARKOZY (since 16 May 2007); represented by Philippe MASSONI (since 26 July 2002) and Spanish Coprince Bishop Joan Enric VIVES i SICILIA (since 12 May 2003); represented by Nemesi MARQUES i OSTE (since 30 July 2003) |
| Angola |
President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government |
| Anguilla |
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor Andrew N. GEORGE (since 10 July 2006) |
| Antigua and Barbuda |
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Louisse LAKE-TACK (since 17 July 2007) |
| Argentina |
President Cristina FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER (since 10 December 2007); Vice President Julio COBOS (since 10 December 2007); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government |
| Armenia |
President Serzh SARGSIAN (since 9 April 2008) |
| Aruba |
Queen BEATRIX of the Netherlands (since 30 April 1980); represented by Governor General Fredis REFUNJOL (since 11 May 2004) |
| Australia |
Queen of Australia ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Quentin BRYCE (since 5 September 2008) |
| Austria |
President Heinz FISCHER (SPOe) (since 8 July 2004) |
| Azerbaijan |
President Ilham ALIYEV (since 31 October 2003) |
| Bahamas, The |
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Arthur D. HANNA (since 1 February 2006) |
| Bahrain |
King HAMAD bin Isa al-Khalifa (since 6 March 1999); Heir Apparent Crown Prince SALMAN bin Hamad (son of the monarch, born 21 October 1969) |
| Bangladesh |
President Iajuddin AHMED (since 6 September 2002) |
| Barbados |
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Sir Clifford Straughn HUSBANDS (since 1 June 1996) |
| Belarus |
President Aleksandr LUKASHENKO (since 20 July 1994) |
| Belgium |
King ALBERT II (since 9 August 1993); Heir Apparent Prince PHILIPPE, son of the monarch |
| Belize |
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Sir Colville YOUNG, Sr. (since 17 November 1993) |
| Benin |
President Thomas YAYI Boni (since 6 April 2006); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government |
| Bermuda |
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor Sir Richard GOZNEY (since 12 December 2007) |
| Bhutan |
King Jigme Khesar Namgyel WANGCHUCK (since 14 December 2006); note - King Jigme Singye WANGCHUCK abdicated the throne on 14 December 2006 and his son immediately succeeded him |
| Bolivia |
President Juan Evo MORALES Ayma (since 22 January 2006); Vice President Alvaro GARCIA Linera (since 22 January 2006); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina |
Chairman of the Presidency Nebojsa RADMANOVIC (chairman since 6 November 2008; presidency member since 1 October 2006 - Serb); other members of the three-member presidency rotating (every eight months): Haris SILAJDZIC (presidency member since 1 October 2006 - Bosniak); and Zeljko KOMSIC (presidency member since 1 October 2006 - Croat) |
| Botswana |
President Seretse Khama Ian KHAMA (since 1 April 2008); Vice President Mompati MERAFHE (since 1 April 2008); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government |
| Brazil |
President Luiz Inacio "LULA" DA SILVA (since 1 January 2003); Vice President Jose ALENCAR (since 1 January 2003); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government |
| British Indian Ocean Territory |
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) |
| British Virgin Islands |
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor David PEAREY (since 18 April 2006) |
| Brunei |
Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government |
| Bulgaria |
President Georgi PARVANOV (since 22 January 2002); Vice President Angel MARIN (since 22 January 2002) |
| Burkina Faso |
President Blaise COMPAORE (since 15 October 1987) |
| Burma |
Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC) Sr. Gen. THAN SHWE (since 23 April 1992) |
| Burundi |
President Pierre NKURUNZIZA (since 26 August 2005); First Vice President Yves SAVINGUVU - Tutsi (since 9 November 2007); Second Vice President Gabriel NTISEZERANA - Hutu (since 9 February 2007); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government |
| Cambodia |
King Norodom SIHAMONI (since 29 October 2004) |
| Cameroon |
President Paul BIYA (since 6 November 1982) |
| Canada |
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Michaelle JEAN (since 27 September 2005) |
| Cape Verde |
President Pedro Verona PIRES (since 22 March 2001) |
| Cayman Islands |
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor Stuart JACK (since 23 November 2005) |
| Central African Republic |
President Francois BOZIZE (since 15 March 2003 coup) |
| Chad |
President Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY Itno (since 4 December 1990) |
| Chile |
President Michelle BACHELET Jeria (since 11 March 2006); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government |
| China |
President HU Jintao (since 15 March 2003); Vice President XI Jinping (since 15 March 2008) |
| Christmas Island |
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by the Australian governor general |
| Cocos (Keeling) Islands |
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by the Australian governor general |
| Colombia |
President Alvaro URIBE Velez (since 7 August 2002); Vice President Francisco SANTOS (since 7 August 2002); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government |
| Comoros |
President Ahmed Abdallah SAMBI (since 26 May 2006) |
| Congo, Democratic Republic of the |
President Joseph KABILA (since 17 January 2001); note - following the assassination of his father, Joseph KABILA succeeded to the presidency which he retained through the 2003-06 transition; he was subsequently elected president in October 2006 |
| Congo, Republic of the |
President Denis SASSOU-NGUESSO (since 25 October 1997, following the civil war in which he toppled elected president Pascal LISSOUBA) |
| Cook Islands |
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Frederick GOODWIN (since 9 February 2001); New Zealand High Commissioner Brian DONNELLY (since 21 February 2008), representative of New Zealand |
| Costa Rica |
President Oscar ARIAS Sanchez (since 8 May 2006); First Vice President Laura CHINCHILLA (since 8 May 2006); Second Vice President (vacant); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government |
| Croatia |
President Stjepan (Stipe) MESIC (since 18 February 2000) |
| Cuba |
President of the Council of State and President of the Council of Ministers Gen. Raul CASTRO Ruz (president since 24 February 2008); First Vice President of the Council of State and First Vice President of the Council of Ministers Gen. Jose Ramon MACHADO Ventura (since 24 February 2008); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government |
| Cyprus |
President Dimitris CHRISTOFIAS (since 28 February 2008); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government; post of vice president is currently vacant; under the 1960 constitution, the post is reserved for a Turkish Cypriot |
| Czech Republic |
President Vaclav KLAUS (since 7 March 2003) |
| Côte d'Ivoire |
President Laurent GBAGBO (since 26 October 2000) |
| Denmark |
Queen MARGRETHE II (since 14 January 1972); Heir Apparent Crown Prince FREDERIK, elder son of the monarch (born 26 May 1968) |
| Dhekelia |
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) |
| Djibouti |
President Ismail Omar GUELLEH (since 8 May 1999) |
| Dominica |
President Nicholas J. O. LIVERPOOL (since October 2003) |
| Dominican Republic |
President Leonel FERNANDEZ Reyna (since 16 August 2004); Vice President Rafael ALBURQUERQUE de Castro (since 16 August 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government |
| East Timor |
President Jose RAMOS-HORTA (since 20 May 2007); note - the president plays a largely symbolic role but is able to veto legislation, dissolve parliament, and call national elections |
| Ecuador |
President Rafael CORREA Delgado (since 15 January 2007); Vice President Lenin MORENO Garces (since 15 January 2007); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government |
| Egypt |
President Mohamed Hosni MUBARAK (since 14 October 1981) |
| El Salvador |
President Elias Antonio SACA Gonzalez (since 1 June 2004); Vice President Ana Vilma Albanez DE ESCOBAR (since 1 June 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government |
| Equatorial Guinea |
President Brig. Gen. (Ret.) Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO (since 3 August 1979 when he seized power in a military coup) |
| Eritrea |
President ISAIAS Afworki (since 8 June 1993); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government and is head of the State Council and National Assembly |
| Estonia |
President Toomas Hendrik ILVES (since 9 October 2006) |
| Ethiopia |
President GIRMA Woldegiorgis (since 8 October 2001) |
| Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) |
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) |
| Faroe Islands |
Queen MARGRETHE II of Denmark (since 14 January 1972), represented by High Commissioner Birgit KLEIS, chief administrative officer (since 1 November 2001) |
| Fiji |
President Ratu Josefa ILOILOVATU Uluivuda (since 18 July 2000); note - ILOILOVATU was reaffirmed as president by the Great Council of Chiefs in a statement issued on 22 December, and reappointed by the coup leader Commodore Voreqe BAINIMARAMA in January 2007 |
| Finland |
President Tarja HALONEN (since 1 March 2000) |
| France |
President Nicolas SARKOZY (since 16 May 2007) |
| French Polynesia |
President Nicolas SARKOZY (since 16 May 2007), represented by High Commissioner of the Republic Adolphe COLRAT (since 7 July 2008) |
| French Southern and Antarctic Lands |
President Nicolas SARKOZY (since 16 May 2007), represented by Senior Administrator Rollon MOUCHEL-BLAISOT |
| Gabon |
President El Hadj Omar BONGO Ondimba (since 2 December 1967) |
| Gambia, The |
President Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH (since 18 October 1996); note - from 1994 to 1996 he was chairman of the Junta; Vice President Isatou NJIE-SAIDY (since 20 March 1997); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government |
| Georgia |
President Mikheil SAAKASHVILI (since 25 January 2004); the president is both the chief of state and head of government for the power ministries: state security (includes interior) and defense |
| Germany |
President Horst KOEHLER (since 1 July 2004) |
| Ghana |
President John Agyekum KUFUOR (since 7 January 2001); Vice President Alhaji Aliu MAHAMA (since 7 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government |
| Gibraltar |
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor Sir Robert FULTON (since 27 October 2006) |
| Greece |
President Karolos PAPOULIAS (since 12 March 2005) |
| Greenland |
Queen MARGRETHE II of Denmark (since 14 January 1972), represented by High Commissioner Soren MOLLER (since April 2005) |
| Grenada |
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Carlyle Arnold GLEAN (since 27 November 2008) |
| Guam |
President George W. BUSH of the US (since 20 January 2001); Vice President Richard B. CHENEY (since 20 January 2001) |
| Guatemala |
President Alvaro COLOM Caballeros (since 14 January 2008); Vice President Rafael ESPADA (since 14 January 2008); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government |
| Guernsey |
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Lieutenant Governor Sir Fabian MALBON (since 28 October 2005) |
| Guinea |
President Lansana CONTE (head of military government since 5 April 1984, elected president 19 December 1993) |
| Guinea-Bissau |
President Joao Bernardo 'Nino' VIEIRA (since 1 October 2005) |
| Guyana |
President Bharrat JAGDEO (since 11 August 1999); note - assumed presidency after resignation of President Janet JAGAN and was reelected in 2001, and again in 2006 |
| Haiti |
President Rene PREVAL (since 14 May 2006) |
| Holy See (Vatican City) |
Pope BENEDICT XVI (since 19 April 2005) |
| Honduras |
President Jose Manuel ZELAYA Rosales (since 27 January 2006); Vice President Elvin Ernesto SANTOS Ordonez (since 27 January 2006); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government |
| Hong Kong |
President of China HU Jintao (since 15 March 2003) |
| Hungary |
President Laszlo SOLYOM (since 5 August 2005) |
| Iceland |
President Olafur Ragnar GRIMSSON (since 1 August 1996) |
| India |
President Pratibha PATIL (since 25 July 2007); Vice President Hamid ANSARI (since 11 August 2007) |
| Indonesia |
President Susilo Bambang YUDHOYONO (since 20 October 2004); Vice President Muhammad Yusuf KALLA (since 20 October 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government |
| Iran |
Supreme Leader Ali Hoseini-KHAMENEI (since 4 June 1989) |
| Iraq |
President Jalal TALABANI (since 6 April 2005); Vice Presidents Adil ABD AL-MAHDI and Tariq al-HASHIMI (since 22 April 2006); note - the president and vice presidents comprise the Presidency Council) |
| Ireland |
President Mary MCALEESE (since 11 November 1997) |
| Israel |
President Shimon PERES (since 15 July 2007) |
| Italy |
President Giorgio NAPOLITANO (since 15 May 2006) |
| Jamaica |
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Kenneth O. HALL (since 15 February 2006) |
| Japan |
Emperor AKIHITO (since 7 January 1989) |
| Jersey |
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Lieutenant Governor Andrew RIDGEWAY (since 14 June 2006) |
| Jordan |
King ABDALLAH II (since 7 February 1999); Prince HUSSEIN (born 1994), eldest son of King ABDALLAH II, is considered to be first in line to inherit the throne |
| Kazakhstan |
President Nursultan A. NAZARBAYEV (chairman of the Supreme Soviet from 22 February 1990, elected president 1 December 1991) |
| Kenya |
President Mwai KIBAKI (since 30 December 2002); Vice President Stephene Kalonzo MUSYOKA (since 10 January 2008) |
| Kiribati |
President Anote TONG (since 10 July 2003); Vice President Teima ONORIO; note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government |
| Korea, North |
KIM Jong Il (since July 1994); note - on 3 September 2003, rubberstamp Supreme People's Assembly (SPA) reelected KIM Jong Il chairman of the National Defense Commission, a position accorded nation's "highest administrative authority"; SPA reelected KIM Yong Nam president of its Presidium also with responsibility of representing state and receiving diplomatic credentials |
| Korea, South |
President LEE Myung-bak (since 25 February 2008) |
| Kuwait |
Amir SABAH al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah (since 29 January 2006); Crown Prince NAWAF al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah |
| Kyrgyzstan |
President Kurmanbek BAKIEV (since 14 August 2005) |
| Laos |
President Lt. Gen. CHOUMMALI Saignason (since 8 June 2006); Vice President BOUN-GNANG Volachit (since 8 June 2006) |
| Latvia |
President Valdis ZATLERS (since 8 July 2007) |
| Lebanon |
President Michel SULAYMAN (as of 25 May 2008) |
| Lesotho |
King LETSIE III (since 7 February 1996); note - King LETSIE III formerly occupied the throne from November 1990 to February 1995 while his father was in exile |
| Liberia |
President Ellen JOHNSON SIRLEAF (since 16 January 2006); note - the President is both the chief of state and head of government |
| Libya |
Revolutionary Leader Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI (since 1 September 1969); note - holds no official title, but is de facto chief of state |
| Liechtenstein |
Prince HANS ADAM II (since 13 November 1989, assumed executive powers 26 August 1984); Heir Apparent Prince ALOIS, son of the monarch (born 11 June 1968); note - on 15 August 2004, HANS ADAM transferred the official duties of the ruling prince to ALOIS, but HANS ADAM retains status of chief of state |
| Lithuania |
President Valdas ADAMKUS (since 12 July 2004) |
| Luxembourg |
Grand Duke HENRI (since 7 October 2000); Heir Apparent Prince GUILLAUME (son of the monarch) |
| Macau |
President of China HU Jintao (since 15 March 2003) |
| Macedonia, Republic of |
President Branko CRVENKOVSKI (since 12 May 2004) |
| Madagascar |
President Marc RAVALOMANANA (since 6 May 2002) |
| Malawi |
President Bingu wa MUTHARIKA (since 24 May 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government |
| Malaysia |
Paramount Ruler Sultan MIZAN Zainal Abidin (since 13 December 2006) |
| Maldives |
President Mohamed NASHEED (since 11 November 2008); Vice President (vacant); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government |
| Mali |
President Amadou Toumani TOURE (since 8 June 2002) |
| Malta |
President Edward FENECH ADAMI (since 4 April 2004) |
| Man, Isle of |
Lord of Mann Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Lieutenant Governor Sir Paul K. HADDACKS (since 17 October 2005) |
| Marshall Islands |
President Litokwa TOMEING (since 7 January 2008); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government |
| Mauritania |
Gen. Mohamed Ould Abdel AZIZ who led a coup that deposed the democratically elected President Sidi Ould Cheikh ABDELLAHI on 6 August 2008 |
| Mauritius |
President Sir Anerood JUGNAUTH (since 7 October 2003); Vice President Abdool Raouf BUNDHUN (since 25 February 2002) |
| Mayotte |
President Nicolas SARKOZY (since 16 May 2007); represented by Prefect Denis ROBIN (since 28 July 2008) |
| Mexico |
President Felipe de Jesus CALDERON Hinojosa (since 1 December 2006); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government |
| Micronesia, Federated States of |
President Emanuel MORI (since 11 May 2007); Vice President Alik L. ALIK (since 11 May 2007); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government |
| Moldova |
President Vladimir VORONIN (since 4 April 2001) |
| Monaco |
Prince ALBERT II (since 6 April 2005) |
| Mongolia |
President Nambaryn ENKHBAYAR (since 24 June 2005) |
| Montserrat |
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor Peter A. WATERWORTH (since 27 July 2007) |
| Morocco |
King MOHAMED VI (since 30 July 1999) |
| Mozambique |
President Armando GUEBUZA (since 2 February 2005) |
| Namibia |
President Hifikepunye POHAMBA (since 21 March 2005) |
| Nauru |
President Marcus STEPHEN (since 19 December 2007); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government |
| Nepal |
President Ram Baran YADAV (as of 23 July 2008); Vice President Paramananda JHA (as of 23 July 2008) |
| Netherlands |
Queen BEATRIX (since 30 April 1980); Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER (born 27 April 1967), son of the monarch |
| Netherlands Antilles |
Queen BEATRIX of the Netherlands (since 30 April 1980); represented by Governor General Frits GOEDGEDRAG (since 1 July 2002) |
| New Caledonia |
President Nicolas SARKOZY (since 16 May 2007); represented by High Commissioner Albert DUPUY (since 6 October 2010) |
| New Zealand |
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Anand SATYANAND (since 23 August 2006) |
| Nicaragua |
President Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra (since 10 January 2007); Vice President Jaime MORALES Carazo (since 10 January 2007); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government |
| Niger |
President Mamadou TANDJA (since 22 December 1999) |
| Nigeria |
President Umaru Musa YAR'ADUA (since 29 May 2007); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government |
| Niue |
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General of New Zealand Anand SATYANAND (since 23 August 2006); the UK and New Zealand are represented by New Zealand High Commissioner John BRYAN (since May 2000) |
| Norfolk Island |
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by the Australian governor general |
| Northern Mariana Islands |
President George W. BUSH of the US (since 20 January 2001); Vice President Richard B. CHENEY (since 20 January 2001) |
| Norway |
King HARALD V (since 17 January 1991); Heir Apparent Crown Prince HAAKON MAGNUS, son of the monarch (born 20 July 1973) |
| Oman |
Sultan and Prime Minister QABOOS bin Said al-Said (sultan since 23 July 1970 and prime minister since 23 July 1972); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government |
| Pakistan |
President Asif Ali ZARDARI (since 6 September 2008) |
| Palau |
President Tommy Esang REMENGESAU, Jr. (since 19 January 2001); Vice President Camsek CHIN (since 1 January 2005); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government |
| Panama |
President Ricardo MARTINELLI Berrocal (since 1 July 2009); Vice President Juan Carlos VARELA (since 1 July 2009); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government |
| Papua New Guinea |
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by governor general Sir Paulius MATANE (since 29 June 2004) |
| Paraguay |
President Fernando Armindo LUGO Mendez (since 15 August 2008); Vice President Federico FRANCO (since 15 August 2008); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government |
| Peru |
President Alan GARCIA Perez (since 28 July 2006); First Vice President Luis GIAMPIETRI Rojas; Second Vice President Lourdes MENDOZA del Solar (since 28 July 2006); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government |
| Philippines |
President Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO (since 20 January 2001); note - president is both chief of state and head of government |
| Pitcairn Islands |
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by UK High Commissioner to New Zealand and Governor (nonresident) of the Pitcairn Islands George FERGUSSON (since April 2006); Commissioner (nonresident) Leslie JAQUES (since September 2003) serves as liaison between the governor and the Island Council |
| Poland |
President Lech KACZYNSKI (since 23 December 2005) |
| Portugal |
President Anibal CAVACO SILVA (since 9 March 2006) |
| Puerto Rico |
President George W. BUSH of the US (since 20 January 2001); Vice President Richard B. CHENEY (since 20 January 2001) |
| Qatar |
Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa Al-Thani (since 27 June 1995 when, as heir apparent, he ousted his father, Amir KHALIFA bin Hamad Al-Thani, in a bloodless coup); Heir Apparent TAMIM bin Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani, fourth son of the monarch (selected Heir Apparent by the monarch on 5 August 2003); note - Amir HAMAD also holds the positions of Minister of Defense and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces |
| Romania |
President Traian BASESCU (since 20 December 2004); note - President Traian BASESCU was suspended by vote of parliament on 19 April 2007, but resumed his duties on 23 May 2007 after a popular referendum confirmed that his impeachment should not stand |
| Russia |
President Dmitriy Anatolyevich MEDVEDEV (since 7 May 2008) |
| Rwanda |
President Paul KAGAME (since 22 April 2000) |
| Saint Barthelemy |
President Nicolas SARKOZY (since 16 May 2007), represented by Prefect Dominique LACROIX (since 21 March 2007) |
| Saint Helena |
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis |
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Cuthbert Montraville SEBASTIAN (since 1 January 1996) |
| Saint Lucia |
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Dame Pearlette LOUISY (since September 1997) |
| Saint Martin |
President Nicolas SARKOZY (since 16 May 2007), represented by Prefect Dominique LACROIX (since 21 March 2007) |
| Saint Pierre and Miquelon |
President Nicolas SARKOZY (since 16 May 2007); represented by Prefect Jean-Pierre BERCOT (since 28 July 2008) |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Sir Fredrick Nathaniel BALLANTYNE (since 2 September 2002) |
| Samoa |
TUIATUA Tupua Tamasese Efi (since 20 June 2007) |
| San Marino |
Co-chiefs of State Captain Regent Ernesto BENEDETTINI and Captain Regent Assunta MELONI (for the period 1 October-31 March 2009) |
| Saudi Arabia |
King and Prime Minister ABDALLAH bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud (since 1 August 2005); Heir Apparent Crown Prince SULTAN bin Abd al- Aziz Al Saud (half brother of the monarch, born 5 January 1928); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government |
| Senegal |
President Abdoulaye WADE (since 1 April 2000) |
| Serbia and Montenegro |
President Boris TADIC (since 11 July 2004) |
| Seychelles |
President James Alix MICHEL (since 14 April 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government |
| Sierra Leone |
President Ernest Bai KOROMA (since 17 September 2007); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government |
| Singapore |
President S R NATHAN (since 1 September 1999) |
| Slovakia |
President Ivan GASPAROVIC (since 15 June 2004) |
| Slovenia |
President Danilo TURK (since 22 December 2007) |
| Solomon Islands |
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Nathaniel WAENA (since 7 July 2004) |
| Somalia |
Transitional Federal President Abdullahi YUSUF Ahmed (since 14 October 2004); note - a transitional governing entity with a five-year mandate, known as the Transitional Federal Institutions (TFIs), was established in October 2004; the TFIs relocated to Somalia in June 2004 |
| South Africa |
President Kgalema MOTLANTHE (since 25 September 2008); Executive Deputy President Baleka MBETE (since 25 September 2008); note - Thabo MBEKI resigned as president effective 25 September 2008; the president is both the chief of state and head of government |
| Spain |
King JUAN CARLOS I (since 22 November 1975); Heir Apparent Prince FELIPE, son of the monarch, born 30 January 1968 |
| Sri Lanka |
President Mahinda RAJAPAKSA (since 19 November 2005); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government; Ratnasiri WICKREMANAYAKE (since 21 November 2005) holds the largely ceremonial title of prime minister |
| Sudan |
President Umar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR (since 16 October 1993); First Vice President Salva KIIR (since 4 August 2005), Vice President Ali Osman TAHA (since 20 September 2005); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government |
| Suriname |
President Desire Delano BOUTERSE (since 12 August 2010); Vice President Robert AMEERALI (since 12 August 2010); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government |
| Svalbard |
King HARALD V of Norway (since 17 January 1991) |
| Swaziland |
King MSWATI III (since 25 April 1986) |
| Sweden |
King CARL XVI GUSTAF (since 19 September 1973); Heir Apparent Princess VICTORIA Ingrid Alice Desiree, daughter of the monarch (born 14 July 1977) |
| Switzerland |
President Pascal COUCHEPIN (since 1 January 2008); Vice President Hans-Rudolf MERZ (since 1 January 2008); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government representing the Federal Council; the Federal Council is the formal chief of state and head of government whose council members, rotating in one-year terms as federal president, represent the Council |
| Syria |
President Bashar al-ASAD (since 17 July 2000); Vice President Farouk al-SHARA (since 11 February 2006) oversees foreign policy; Vice President Najah al-ATTAR (since 23 March 2006) oversees cultural policy |
| São Tomé and Príncipe |
President Fradique DE MENEZES (since 3 September 2001) |
| Taiwan |
President MA Ying-jeou (since 20 May 2008); Vice President Vincent SIEW (since 20 May 2008) |
| Tajikistan |
President Emomali RAHMON (since 6 November 1994; head of state and Supreme Assembly chairman since 19 November 1992) |
| Tanzania |
President Jakaya KIKWETE (since 21 December 2005); Vice President Dr. Ali Mohammed SHEIN (since 5 July 2001); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government |
| Thailand |
King PHUMIPHON Adunyadet or (BHUMIBOL Adulyadej) (since 9 June 1946) |
| Togo |
President Faure GNASSINGBE (since 4 May 2005); note - Gnassingbe EYADEMA died on 5 February 2005 and was succeeded by his son, Faure GNASSINGBE, with the support of the military following international condemnation for the unconstitutional move he then stepped aside pending elections, and Abass BONFOH served as interim president; Faure GNASSINGBE later won popular elections in April 2005 |
| Tokelau |
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General of New Zealand Anand SATYANAND (since 23 August 2006); New Zealand is represented by Administrator David PAYTON (since 17 October 2006) |
| Tonga |
King George TUPOU V (since 11 September 2006) |
| Trinidad and Tobago |
President George Maxwell RICHARDS (since 17 March 2003) |
| Tunisia |
President Zine el Abidine BEN ALI (since 7 November 1987) |
| Turkey |
President Abdullah GUL (since 28 August 2007) |
| Turkmenistan |
President Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW (since 14 February 2007); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government |
| Turks and Caicos Islands |
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor Gordon WETHERELL (since 5 August 2008) |
| Tuvalu |
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Filoimea TELITO (since 15 April 2005) |
| Uganda |
President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power 26 January 1986); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government |
| Ukraine |
President Viktor A. YUSHCHENKO (since 23 January 2005) |
| United Arab Emirates |
President KHALIFA bin Zayid Al-Nuhayyan (since 3 November 2004), ruler of Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi) (since 4 November 2004); Vice President and Prime Minister MUHAMMAD BIN RASHID Al-Maktum (since 5 January 2006) |
| United Kingdom |
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); Heir Apparent Prince CHARLES (son of the queen, born 14 November 1948) |
| United States |
President George W. BUSH (since 20 January 2001); Vice President Richard B. CHENEY (since 20 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government |
| Uruguay |
President Tabare VAZQUEZ Rosas (since 1 March 2005); Vice President Rodolfo NIN NOVOA (since 1 March 2005); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government |
| Uzbekistan |
President Islom KARIMOV (since 24 March 1990, when he was elected president by the then Supreme Soviet) |
| Vanuatu |
President Kalkot Matas KELEKELE (since 16 August 2004) |
| Venezuela |
President Hugo CHAVEZ Frias (since 3 February 1999); Executive Vice President Elias JAUA Milano (since 26 January 2010); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government |
| Vietnam |
President Nguyen Minh TRIET (since 27 June 2006); Vice President Nguyen Thi DOAN (since 25 July 2007) |
| Virgin Islands |
President George W. BUSH of the US (since 20 January 2001); Vice President Richard B. CHENEY (since 20 January 2001) |
| Wallis and Futuna |
President Nicolas SARKOZY (since 16 May 2007); represented by High Administrator Philippe PAOLANTONI (since 28 July 2008) |
| Yemen |
President Ali Abdallah SALIH (since 22 May 1990, the former president of North Yemen, assumed office upon the merger of North and South Yemen); Vice President Maj. Gen. Abd al-Rab Mansur al-HADI (since 3 October 1994) |
| Zambia |
President Rupiah BANDA (since 19 August 2008); Vice President George KUNDA (since 14 November 2008); note - President BANDA was acting president since the illness and eventual death of President Levy MWANAWASA on 18 August 2008, he was then elected president on 30 October 2008 to serve out the remainder of MWANAWASA's term; the president is both the chief of state and head of government |
| Zimbabwe |
Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Vice President Joseph MSIKA (since December 1999) and Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 December 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government |
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